北京市2018年中考英語(yǔ)真題（含答案）

北京市2018年中考英語(yǔ)試卷一、單項(xiàng)填空1．MybrotherandIlikefootball.playittogetheronceaweek.A．I B．They C．We D．You2．Happybirthday,Peter!Here'sagiftyou.A．for B．in C．with D．from3．—doyouusuallygotoschool,Mary?—Bybike.A．When B．How C．Where D．Why4．Manypeoplelikepandastheyarecute.A．though B．if C．while D．because5．Igonow,orI'llmissmytrain.A．can B．might C．must D．could6．Tonyisofthethreeboys,butheisthetallest.A．young B．younger C．youngest D．theyoungest7．Billlikesreading.Hepicturebookswithhisdadeveryevening.A．read B．reads C．isreading D．hasread8．—Paul,whatwereyoudoingatnineLastnight?—Iamovieinthecinemawithmyfriends.A．waswatching B．watch C．havewatched D．willwatch9．Davidisatennisplayer.Hetoplaytenniswhenhewassixyearsold.A．begins B．willbegin C．began D．hasbegun10．—Lucy,isyouruncleateacher?—Yes,heis.Hehistoryfornearly20years.A．teaches B．hastaught C．isteaching D．willteach11．Anewinternationalairportinthecitynextyear.A．completes B．iscompletedC．willcomplete D．willbecompleted12．—Alice,couldyoutellmeLondon?—Sure.LastSunday.A．whenMr.Smithleft B．whenMr.SmithwillleaveC．whendidMr.Smithleave D．whenwillMr.Smithleave二、完形填空13．閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

RealSolutions（解決方法）toProblemsThirtyengineerswereworkingasateaminacompany.Theywereyoungandeagertolearn.ThemanagementdecidedtoteachthemaboutfindingrealsolutionstoproblemsOneday,theteamwascalledfora（1）inahall.Theywerequitesurprisedandallreachedthehallholdingvarious（2）.Astheyentered,theyfoundaboxplacedinthecenter,fullofflatballoonsThemanageraskedeveryonetopickaballoonandblowitup.Thentheywereaskedtowritetheirnamesontheirrespective(各自的)balloons（3）sothattheballoonswouldn'tblowout.Alltried,butnoteveryonewas（4）.Fiveballoonsblewoutduetopressure（壓力）.Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoonswere（5）outofthegame.Asaresult,25engineerscametothenextlevel.Alltheballoonscarryingtheirnameswere（6）andthenputintoaroom,hereandthere.Theengineersweretoldtopicktheballoonwithhisorhernameon.Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush.Itwasalmost15minutesbutnoonewasableto（7）therightone.Thesecondlevelofthegamewasover.Thencamethefinallevel,theengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittopersonnamedontheballoon.Withinacoupleofminutes,allballoons（8）thehandsoftherespectiveengineers.Themanagerannouncedthiswastherealsolutiontotheproblem.Manytimesinourlife,sharingandhelpingothersgiveusrealsolutionstoproblems.（1）A．game B．show C．concert D．patry（2）A．purposes B．suggestions C．thoughts D．plans（3）A．quietly B．carefully C．secretly D．clearly（4）A．honest B．ready C．patient D．succeesful（5）A．checked B．helped C．ruled D．cleaned（6）A．collected B．weighed C．tied D．cleaned（7）A．mark B．hide C．number D．find（8）A．freed B．reached C．lifted D．hit三、閱讀理解14．閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng):Hi,there！Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday.SomeofmyfriendsandAlan.mycousin，cametocelebrateit.Everyonebroughtmeagift,weplayedgames，sangsongsandhadabigbirthdaycake.Itwasreallyawonderfulday!Didyoudoanythingspeciallastweek?:Yes.Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek.First,wewenttotheUniversityofNorthCarolinatolearnaboutthehistoryofitsbasketballteam.Manybasketballstarswerestudentsthere.Thenwevisitedamuseum.Welearnedabouthowtheplanewasinventedandtookmanypicturesthere.:Well,Iwasluckyenoughtogotoaconference（會(huì)議）oncharity(慈善)lastWednesday.Iwasexcitedtomeetalotofkindpeoplethere.OneofthemwasaboynamedRichard.Hespokeattheconferenceaboutthecharityworkthathehaddoneinthepastfewyears.:Itwasadifferentweekthanusual.LastThursday,myschoolband（樂(lè)隊(duì)）wenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition.Iplayedtheviolinandwewonaprize!OnFridaywewenttotheGeorgiaAquariumandgottoseedifferentkindsofsealifefromovertheworld.Itwasreallycool!（1）WhendidRogerhavehisbirthdayparty?A．LastWednesday B．lastthursdayC．LastFriday D．LastSaturday.（2）Whowentonaschoolfieldtriplastweek?A．Alan. B．Jessica C．Sara D．Richard.（3）MartinwenttoAtlantaA．speakataconference B．organizeapartyC．performinacompetition D．visitauniversity15．閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

ABeautifulMoment

WhenIwasinhighschool.Iworkedpart-timehelpingDadsellfruitsandvegetablesatamatket.Oneday，asIwaspreparingthefruits.Alittleboycamebywithhismomandsister.Hewasabouteightyearsold，andthegirl.fiveorsix.Theywerelookingthefruitsinfrontofme.Iheardthekidssaytotheirmom(inFrench),"They'regood!"IknewitwasFrench.BecauseIcanspeakandunderstandit.ThenInoticedhowmomwaspickingthefruits.AtfirstIthoughtshewasreallylookingatthefruitsbecauseshewasfacingthem.ButthenInoticedhowmuchshehadtofeelandsmelleachoneasshepickedthemout.Andoftenaskedhersonifitlookedokay,butlookedwayabovewherehisfacewas.PuttingwhatIsawtogether,Iwassureshewasblind.Bothofthekidscontinuedtohelptheirmompickoutthefruits.Thesonmadesurethefruitswerenotobviouslybad,andthedaughterhandedthemtohermom.Thewomanthenfelteachoneandsmiled,andthedaughterwouldputthemintotheirbasket.Thekidsweresmilingwhilehelpingtheirmompickthefruitsout.Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.Mostkidsthatagewouldbepickingoutcandiesortoysinastoreforthemselves,insteadofhelpingtheirmompickoutfruitsasthetwokidsdid.Itwasgreattowitnessthemoment,butnotsogreatbecauseIdidn'ttellthemomhowbeautifulherchildrenwereintheirlanguage.thisiswhatIregrettothisday.（1）Thewomenandherkidscametothemarkettobuy.A．fruits B．vegetables C．candies D．toys（2）Accordingtowhathesaw,thewriterwassurethemothercouldn't.A．speak B．see C．smell D．hear（3）Thewriterwasmovedbecause.A．themotherwasbravetofaceherproblems.B．thekidswerepoliteandkindtoeachotherC．themotherwascarefulinpickingoutthingsD．thekidsweresowillingtohelptheirmother16．閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

Someprimaryschoolchildrenhavebeenraisedinhomeswithmoregreenspacearound.Theyarelikelytocomewithlargervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterincertainareasofthebrain.Thesedifferencesareassociated(關(guān)聯(lián))withbeneficialeffectsoncognitivefunction(認(rèn)知功能).ThisisthemainconclusionofastudyledbytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth.Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain.Lifelongexposure(接觸)togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecorded—usingtheinformationonthechildren'saddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI).Workingmemoryandinattentiveness(注意力不集中)weregradedwithcomputers.“Thisisthefirststudythatshowstheassociationbetweenlong-termexposuretogreenspaceandbrainstructure.”SaysDr.PayamDadvand,theleadingresearcherofthestudy,“Ourfindingssuggestthatexposuretogreenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesinthebrain.”Thefindingsshowthatlong-termexposuretogreennessispositivelyassociatedwithwhiteandgreymattervolumesinseveralpartsofthebrain.Someofthemarerelatedtohigherscoresoncognitivetests.Moreover,largervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterinthosepartsmightleadtobetterworkingmemoryandlessinattentiveness.Exposuretonaturehasbeenthoughttobenecessaryforbraindevelopmentinchildren.Anotherstudyof2,593childrenshowsthatchildreninschoolwithmoregreenspacehaveagreaterincreaseinworkingmemoryandagreaterdecreaseininattentiveness.Humansarebelievedtobetiedtonature.Playingingreenerareasofferschildrenopportunitiestosearchandlearn.Accordingly,greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery,creativityandrisktaking.Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.Dr.Dadvand'sstudysuggestshowsuchstructuralchangescouldbringaboutthebeneficialeffectsofgreenspacesoncognitivedevelopment,italsoaddstotheproofthatsuggeststhelastingeffectsofearlylifeexposuretogreennessonourhealthandthebenefitsofincreasinggreennessincities.Furtherstudiesareneededtoprovethefindingsinotherpopulations,settingsandclimates.Andresearchersneedtoexaminedifferencesaccordingtothenatureandqualityofgreenspace.（1）Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout.A．howthestudywasperformed B．whatwasrecordedinthestudyC．howlongthestudylasted D．whotookpartinthestudy（2）Theword“prompt”inparagraph6probablymeans““.A．control B．encourage C．balance D．change（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Workingmemoryinfluenceswhiteandgreymatterinthebrain.B．Dr.Dadvandstressedtheimportanceofchangingtheenvironment.C．StudiesprovedtheinfluenceofgreennessonpopulationsoutsofSpain.D．Livingingreenerneighborhoodsbenefitschildreninbraindevelopment.17．閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。

Weoftenreachapointinourlifewhenweshouldbereadyforchangethatwillhelpusunlockourself-improvementpower.However,there'salwayssomethingstaringatusrightunderournosebutwedon'tseeit.Theonlytimewethinkofunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswheneverythinggetsworst.Whendowerealizethatweneedtochangediets?Whennoneofourshirtsandjeanswouldfitus.Whendowestopeatingcandiesandchocolates?Whenallofourteethhavefallenoff.Whendowerealizethatweneedtostopsmoking?Whenourlungshavegonebad.Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult.Theonlytimemostofuseverlearnaboutunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswhenthewholeworldisfallingapart.Wethinkandfeelthiswaybecauseitisnoteasytochange,butchangebecomesmorepainfulwhenweignore(忽視)it，Changewillhappen,likeitorhateit.Atonepointoranother,weareallgoingtofinallyunlockourself-improvementpowernotbecausetheworldsaysso.Butbecausewerealizeit'sforourowngood.Happypeopledon'tjustacceptchange;theyembrace(擁抱)it.Unlockingourself-improvementpowermeansunlockingourselvesoutoftheboxofthoughtthatisjustthewayweare.Itissuchapoorexcuseforpeoplewhofearchange.Janealwaystellseveryonethatshedoesn'thavethecouragetobearoundgroupsofpeople.Sheheardherfamilytellthesamethingsabouthertootherpeople.Overtheyears,thatiswhatJanehasbelieved.Everytimeagreatcrowdcome,shestepsbackandlocksherselfupinaroom.Janenotonlybelievesinherstory,butlivesit!Self-improvementmaynotbeeverybody'sfavoriteword,butifwelookatthingsinadifferentway,wemighthavegreaterchancesofenjoyingthewholeprocessinsteadofcountingthedaysuntilwearefullyimproved.Threesessionsinaweekatthegymwouldresultinahealthierlife.Readingbookseverydaywouldbuildupknowledge.Andonlywhenweareenjoyingthewholeprocessofunlockingourself-improvementpowerwillwerealizethatwe'rebeginningtotakethingslightandbecomehappy.（1）ThewritermentionsthethreequestionsinParagraph2toshowthat.A．welearnourlessonswhenweexperiencepain.B．weareresponsiblefortheproblemswemeet.C．lifefailsuswhenwegetintothewrongway.D．lifeisalongjourneyfullofupsanddowns.（2）WhatisthekeytosolvingJane'sproblem?A．Sheneedstorememberwhyshestarted.B．Shehastoknowhowtogetonwithpeople.C．Shehastorealizesheisnotwhatsheisinherstory.D．Sheneedstounderstandtheimportanceofconfidence.（3）Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.A．theworldtellsushowtoimproveourselves.B．peoplechangewhentheyfinditeasytodothat.C．welcomingchangeinlifeisadrivetobecomebetter.D．enjoyingtheprocessofself-improvementmakeslifesimpler.（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Isitimportanttotakethingslight?B．Isitnecessarytoembracechallenges?C．Toholdontothelastmomentortogiveup?D．Tofreeourselvesoutoftheboxortostayinit?四、任務(wù)型閱讀18．閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答問(wèn)題。

Whenitcomestothelettergradeonyourtestorhomework,youmightnoticethatthereisnoletterE.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhythatisso?IntheA,B,C,DandFgradingsystem,thefirstfourlettersaretypicallyconsideredpassinggrades.AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor“fail”.Theword“fail”happenstostartwiththeletterF,whichseemstoleaveouttheletterE.Thefact”．SomeschoolshaveUgradefor“unsatisfactory”,orIgradefor“incomplete”.Evenwithallthissaid,weshouldalsopointoutthatEgradeactuallyhasbeenusedprettycommonlythroughoutthehistoryoflettergradesintheUS.ThefirstcollegeintheUStousealettergradingsystemliketheonesweusetodayisMountHolyokeCollege.In1897,theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale:A:95-100%(excellent)B:85-94%(good)C:76-84%(fair)D:75%(barelypassed)E:below75%(failed)WecanseetheinclusionofEinsteadofF.Gradually,thelettergradingsystembecamemorepopularthroughouttheUS.However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence(證據(jù))toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.Whydowehavelettergrades?Well,partofthereasonisthattheymadegradingsimplerduringatimeofgreatchangeforschools.Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms.Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.Today,moreandmorepeoplearguethatlettergradesdon'tfullyreflect(反映)studentlearning.However，asteacherstrytoimprovegradingmethods,manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids,theyarefamiliar(熟悉)andeasyforparentstounderstand.Sowhiletheymightnotbeperfect,thelettergradesprobablyaren'tgoingawayanytimesoon.（1）WhatdoesanFstandforintheA、B、C、DandFgradingsystem?（2）WhenwasthelettergradingsystemfirstusedintheUScollege?（3）WhatisonepossibleexplanationfordroppingtheEgrade?（4）Whatdidmostteachersthinkofthelettergradingsysteminthe20thcentury?（5）Whydomanyparentsstillpreferthelettergradestoday?五、書面表達(dá)。從下面兩個(gè)題目中任選一題，根據(jù)中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50詞的文段寫作，文中已給出內(nèi)容不計(jì)入總數(shù)．所給提示詞語(yǔ)僅供選用，請(qǐng)不要寫出你的校名和姓名。19．題目一：

假如你是李華，你們學(xué)校要舉辦一場(chǎng)關(guān)于京劇的講座，你打算邀請(qǐng)你們班交換生Peter參加，請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)寫一封電子郵件，告訴他講座時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)以及需要做什么準(zhǔn)備。提示詞語(yǔ)：lecture（講座）,invite,information,question,online提示問(wèn)題：Whenandwherewillyouhavethelecture?Dearpeter,Howisitgoing?There'llbealectureonPekingOperainourschool.IfthereisanythingthatIcando,pleaseletmeknow.Yours,LiHuaWhatdoyouadvisePetertoprepareforit?20．題目二：

“靜以修身，儉以養(yǎng)德”，勤儉節(jié)約是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德，無(wú)論生活富足與否，我們都應(yīng)該提倡節(jié)儉，拒絕浪費(fèi)。某英文網(wǎng)站在開(kāi)展以“節(jié)約是美德”為主題的征文活動(dòng)，假如你是李華，請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)寫一篇短文投稿．談?wù)勆钪心闶窃趺醋龅?，以這樣做的意義。提示詞語(yǔ)：thrifty(節(jié)約的).save.turnoff.money.virtue（美德）提示問(wèn)題：·Whatdoyoudoinyourdailylife？It'soneofourtraditionalvirtuestobethrifty.Whydoyoudoso？

答案解析部分1．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：我哥哥和我喜歡足球。我們一起每周玩一次。A.I我，B.They他們，C.We我們,D.You你們·。人稱代詞指代的是我和我哥哥，故應(yīng)為We我們，故選C。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查人稱代詞辨析，注意理解句意，根據(jù)句意選擇合適的代詞。2．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：生日快樂(lè)，彼得！這是給你的禮物。A給……;為……，B在……里，C和……;用……;隨著……，D從……，來(lái)自……。送給某人的禮物，用介詞for，故選A。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查介詞辨析，注意理解句意。3．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：——瑪麗你通常如何去上學(xué)？——騎車。根據(jù)答句中Bybike可知問(wèn)句是在問(wèn)交通方式，應(yīng)使用how，故選B。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查特殊疑問(wèn)詞辨析。4．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：許多人喜歡熊貓因?yàn)樗麄兒芸蓯?ài)。根據(jù)likepanda和theyarecute，可知喜歡熊貓，是因?yàn)樾茇埧蓯?ài)，兩者是因果關(guān)系，用表示原因的because，故選D。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查連詞辨析，注意理解句意，理清兩個(gè)句子之間的關(guān)系。5．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：我現(xiàn)在必須走了，否則就趕不上火車了。A.can能夠、B.might可能、C.must必須、D.could能夠，根據(jù)I'llmissmytrain.可知必須要走，否則會(huì)趕不上火車，故選C.

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析，注意理解句意和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的詞義，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選擇合適的動(dòng)詞。6．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：Tom是三個(gè)孩子中最小的，但是他是最高的。根據(jù)題干中的ofthethreeboys，三者或三者以上應(yīng)使用最高級(jí)，形容詞最高級(jí)應(yīng)使用the，故選D。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查形容詞最高級(jí)，注意最高級(jí)的用法。7．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：比爾喜歡閱讀。他每天晚上和爸爸一起讀圖畫書。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)everyevening可知表示經(jīng)常性的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)選擇一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。再根據(jù)主語(yǔ)He可知?jiǎng)釉~應(yīng)該用第三人稱単數(shù)，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)中的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。8．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——Paul，昨天晚上九點(diǎn)鐘你在做什么？——我正在和朋友們一起在電影院看電影。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)atninelastnight昨晚九點(diǎn)，可知是過(guò)去的時(shí)間。表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻做的事情使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞，故選A。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，注意過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法和結(jié)構(gòu)。9．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：戴維是一個(gè)網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，當(dāng)他六歲的時(shí)候他開(kāi)始打網(wǎng)球。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句whenhewassixyearsold可知，該動(dòng)作是在過(guò)去做的，應(yīng)選擇一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，故選C。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。10．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你叔叔是老師嗎？——是的，他是。他教歷史將近20年了。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)fornearly20years，可知，表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，have/has+過(guò)去分詞。主語(yǔ)是he，用has，故選B.

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，注意其常與for+一段時(shí)間連用。11．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：在城市，一個(gè)新國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)將在明年完工。根據(jù)時(shí)間nextyear可知應(yīng)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，will+動(dòng)詞原形，主語(yǔ)是Anewinternationalairport“一座新的國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為complete譯為“完成”?！睓C(jī)場(chǎng)”是被完成，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是willbedone，故選D。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。12．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——愛(ài)麗絲，你能告訴我史密斯先生什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)倫敦的嗎？——當(dāng)然，上個(gè)周日。tellsb+從句，告訴某人某事，此處從句做賓語(yǔ)，使用陳述語(yǔ)序。根據(jù)句中的lastSunday可知，句子為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故選A。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的陳述句序和時(shí)態(tài)。13．【答案】（1）A；（2）C；（3）B；（4）D；（5）C；（6）A；（7）D；（8）B【解析】【分析】文章大意：在一家公司里30名年輕的工程師是個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)，他們渴望學(xué)習(xí)。管理希望教給他們解決問(wèn)題的正真辦法，有一天就組織他們進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)游戲，通過(guò)游戲使他們明白相互幫助、分享才是解決問(wèn)題的正真方法。

（1）句意：一天，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)被叫來(lái)在一個(gè)大廳做游戲。本題考查名詞。根據(jù)后文第四段第一句Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoonswereoutofthegame.。最后一詞game。根據(jù)文章語(yǔ)境判斷，可知是完成游戲，故選A。

（2）句意：他們十分吃驚，各自懷揣著不同的目的。A.purposes目的；B.suggestions建議；Cthoughts想法；Dplans計(jì)劃。結(jié)合前面“surprised”一詞得知他們并不清楚接下來(lái)做什么，可知應(yīng)為各有各的想法，故選C。

（3）然后他們各自被要求把自己的名字小心地寫在各自的氣球上，以便于氣球不會(huì)破。掉本題考查副詞。A.quietly安靜地；B.carefully小心地；C.secretly秘密地；D.clearly清晰地。結(jié)合文章語(yǔ)境判斷，只有小心地寫才不會(huì)讓氣球破掉，故選B。

（4）句意：每個(gè)人都嘗試過(guò)了，但是不是每個(gè)人都_成功。本題考查形容詞。A.honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的；B.ready準(zhǔn)備好的；C.patient耐心的；D.successful成功的。根據(jù)文章語(yǔ)境“but",每個(gè)人都嘗試過(guò)了，但是不是每個(gè)人都成功了，并且緊接著下一段開(kāi)頭寫“thosewhotailed”，譯為“那些失敗的人”，也能和本題呼應(yīng)，故選D。

（5）句意：那些沒(méi)有吧他們名字成功寫在氣球上的人被罰出游戲。本題考查動(dòng)詞。本句譯為空后有out，因此本題考查動(dòng)詞+介詞的固定搭配，A.checkedout查明，結(jié)賬；B.helpedout幫助某人走出；C.ruledout把排除在外；D.cleanedout清除。根據(jù)文章語(yǔ)境判斷，可知應(yīng)為按照規(guī)則排除，故選C。

（6）句意：所有帶著名字的氣球被收集起來(lái)，然后放在一個(gè)房間里。本題考查動(dòng)詞。A.collected收集；B.weighed稱重；C.tied系，拴；D.cleaned打掃。根據(jù)文章語(yǔ)境判斷，氣球應(yīng)當(dāng)被收集起來(lái)，故選A。

（7）句意：快15分鐘了，但是沒(méi)有人能夠找到正確的那個(gè)（氣球）。本題考查動(dòng)詞。A.mark標(biāo)記；B.hide躲藏；C.number數(shù)出、計(jì)算；D.find找到。前文Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush中的searchfor尋找，可知應(yīng)為找到，故選D。

（8）句意：幾分鐘之內(nèi)，所有的氣球都到了各自的工程師手中。本題考查動(dòng)詞。A.freed解放；B.reached到達(dá)；C.lifted提升；D.hit擊打。根據(jù)前二句heengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittopersonnamedontheballoon工程師們被要求去撿起氣并把它給到交到氣球上寫的名字一致的人手上?？芍獞?yīng)為到了，故選B。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查完形填空，首先通讀一遍文章，跳過(guò)缺失的單詞，再根據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷所缺單詞的含義，最后對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行區(qū)別，選出正確的那一項(xiàng)。14．【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】文章大意：這是四個(gè)學(xué)生的聊天信息，主要講述了上周他們主要做了些什么。

（1）本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵信息“WhendidRogerhavehisbirthdayparty"，定位至文章第一段Roger以及本段第一行“Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday.”，故答案選D。

（2）本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第二段第一行，“Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek.”可知Jessica上周有學(xué)校旅行，故答案選B。

（3）本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵信息“MartinwenttoAtlanta”，可定位到文章第四段Martin以及本段第二行“MyschoolbandwenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition.”，故答案選C。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題為記敘性的閱讀理解題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題需要在文中找出對(duì)應(yīng)語(yǔ)句加以分析。15．【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】文章大意：我在上中學(xué)的時(shí)候在市場(chǎng)幫助爸爸賣水果的期間，遇到母子三人，媽媽是一位盲人，她的兒子和女兒幫助她挑選水果。他們臉上帶著微笑，這時(shí)我意識(shí)到大多數(shù)這個(gè)年齡的孩子只知道吃零食玩玩具，不會(huì)幫助父母，而這對(duì)兄妹卻耐心地幫助他們的媽媽。

（1）本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵信息1Thewomanandherkidscametothemarkettobuy定位至文章第一段第四句“Theywerelookingatthefruitsinfrontofme.”以及句“Thekidsweresmilingwhile故答案選A。

（2）本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵信息“Accordingtowhathesaw”定位至文章第二段最后一句“PuttingwhatIsaw13together,Iwassureshewasblind.”可知作者認(rèn)為這位母親是盲人,所以作者很確定她看不見(jiàn)，故答案選B。

（3）本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵信息“Thewriterwasmoved”可定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段前兩句“Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.”所以令作者感動(dòng)的是這兩個(gè)孩子非常愿意幫助他們的母親，故答案選D。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題為記敘性的閱讀理解，細(xì)節(jié)理解題要以一定的詞匯量為前提，在閱讀文章的基礎(chǔ)上，找出對(duì)應(yīng)的句子做出正確的答案。16．【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】文章大意：一些小學(xué)生在家里長(zhǎng)大，周圍有更多的綠地。他們可能會(huì)在大腦的某些區(qū)域產(chǎn)生大量的白色和灰色物質(zhì)。這些差異與認(rèn)知功能的有益影響相關(guān)（STOP）。這是巴塞羅那全球健康研究所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)研究的主要結(jié)論。

（1）本題考查段落主旨題。根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容定位到文章第二段，文中依次使用“perform”，“record”，“study",“use”，“grade”等動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明文章都是在解釋這項(xiàng)研究是如何開(kāi)展的，故答案選A。

（2）本題考查猜詞題。猜詞題需結(jié)合待猜詞的前后文信息做出推斷。結(jié)合待猜詞所在句的后面一句話“Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.”中相關(guān)信息：這些練習(xí)“反過(guò)來(lái)（inturn)”會(huì)對(duì)大腦發(fā)育產(chǎn)生”積極影響（positivelyinfluence)”，可推知“綠色空間”對(duì)這些重要活動(dòng)帶來(lái)的應(yīng)該也是“積極、正面”的影響。據(jù)此，再結(jié)合ABCD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的正負(fù)態(tài)度，可知應(yīng)為正態(tài)度，故答案選B。

（3）本題考查推斷題。此文開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山提出“處于綠化環(huán)境對(duì)孩子的認(rèn)知功能會(huì)有積極的影響”，并分別從文章第三段、第四段、第五段、第六段以及第七段論證該觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)D“居住在綠化更好的社區(qū)有助于孩子們大腦的發(fā)育”符合大意，故正確答案為D。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題為說(shuō)明性的閱讀理解題，詞義猜測(cè)題在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上快速找出對(duì)應(yīng)的句子進(jìn)行分析，做出正確答案，推理判斷題需要對(duì)句子加以理解，從常理等方面去加以推測(cè)。17．【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】文章大意：我們應(yīng)該為可以幫助我們自我提升的改變做好準(zhǔn)備。

（1）本題考查推斷題。根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵信息“thethreequestionsinparagraph2”，定位至文章第二段。作者通過(guò)提出的三個(gè)問(wèn)題，在本段最后一句得出結(jié)論："Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult."譯為當(dāng)事情變得糟糕和困難時(shí)，我們看到警告標(biāo)志和信號(hào)。本句與選項(xiàng)A“當(dāng)我們經(jīng)歷苦難的時(shí)候，我們可以得到教訓(xùn)”相符合，故答案選A。

（2）本題考查推斷題。根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵信息“Jane'sproblem”定位到文章第六段,通過(guò)本段可知Jane的問(wèn)題是她沒(méi)有勇氣在生活中面對(duì)人群，并且生活在自己的故事里。所以解決Jane問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是她要意識(shí)到她并不是故事里的樣子，與選項(xiàng)C相符，故答案選C。

（3）本題考查推斷題。選項(xiàng)A譯為“世界告訴我們?nèi)绾翁嵘约骸迸c原文作者觀點(diǎn)不相符；選項(xiàng)B譯為“當(dāng)人們發(fā)現(xiàn)事情很容易糕時(shí)，人們會(huì)改變”，與原文“當(dāng)事情變得最糟糕時(shí)，不相符；選項(xiàng)C譯為“迎接生活中的改變是變得更好的驅(qū)動(dòng)'與原文主旨“當(dāng)人們主動(dòng)改變，會(huì)讓自己得到提升”相符合；選項(xiàng)D享受自我提升的過(guò)程使生活變得更加簡(jiǎn)單”與原文最后一句提升使事情變得容易，使我們更開(kāi)心”不相符，故答案選C。

（4）本題考查主旨題。文章通過(guò)第一段的現(xiàn)象描述和第二段的提問(wèn)，引出主旨“我們應(yīng)該為可以幫助我們自我提升的改變做好準(zhǔn)備”；文章第三、四、五和六段談?wù)摿藰?lè)觀的人擁抱改變而另一些人們由于害怕改變而逃避改變；文章第七段重申全文觀點(diǎn)，故答案選D。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】對(duì)于推斷題和主旨大意題，不僅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潛在的含義，和作者所給的提示。同時(shí)要對(duì)文章的含義和作者的暗示作合理的猜測(cè)和推論。18．【答案】（1）Itstandsfor“fail”.（2）In1897.（3）TeacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent".（4）thoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.（5）Becausethelettergradesarefamiliarandeasyforparentstounderstand.【解析】【分析】文章大意：介紹了學(xué)校對(duì)學(xué)生的評(píng)價(jià)體系是A、B、C、D、F，并解釋了為什么這樣選擇。

（1）本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題。定位關(guān)鍵詞“F”和“standsfor",到文章第二段第二句AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor“fail”.故正確答案為Itstandsfor“fail”.

（2）本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段二句In1897,theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale:，故正確答案為In1897.

（3）本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題。定位關(guān)鍵詞“droppingtheEgrade”和“onepossibleexplanation”，到文章第六段第二句和第三句However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence(證據(jù))toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.正確答案為TeacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent".

（4）本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。20thcentury到倒數(shù)第二段Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms.Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.，故正確答案為thoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.

（5）.本題考查細(xì)節(jié)題。定位關(guān)鍵詞thelettergradestoday和manyparents定位到最后一段第三句manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids,theyarefamiliar(熟悉)andeasyforparentstounderstand.故正確答案為Becausethelettergradesarefamiliarandeasyforparentstounderstand。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】閱讀回答問(wèn)題，一般問(wèn)題設(shè)置較為簡(jiǎn)單，多數(shù)針對(duì)文中的細(xì)節(jié)理解，答案都能在原文中找出?；卮饡r(shí)，應(yīng)注意不同的問(wèn)句的回答方式，如一般疑問(wèn)句回答的時(shí)候應(yīng)使用yes/no；其他問(wèn)句的回答應(yīng)根據(jù)文中的句子做出簡(jiǎn)單詳細(xì)的回答。19．【答案】DearPeter,

Howisitgoing?There'llbealectureonPekingoperainourschool.ThePekingoperawillstartat10:00thisFridaymorningintheschoolhall.Iamwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartinthemeaningfullecture.Inthelecture,wecannotonlygetsomeusefulinformationaboutthePekingopera,butalsogetclosetothetraditionalChineseculture,whichcanbenefitusalot.Therearesomesuggestionsforyoutoprepareforit.Firstofall,remembertobethereontime,what'smore,don'tforgettobringacamerawithyou,whichcanrecordthepreciousmoment,lastbutnotle