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第=page11頁,共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學年北京市海淀區(qū)高二(上)期末英語試卷Inthetenthgrade,mypeersgavemeanicknamethatstuckuntilgraduation:"Dictionary."Itallstartedthedaymyteacherannouncedanationalspellingbeecompetition.
Determinedtowin,IopenedmydictionarytolearnhowtospelleverywordinEnglish.Inadesperate(1)tomemorizethemostwordspossible,Ibeganreadingdayandnight.
Duringthecompetition,Imisspelledoneword.Thepainoverthisdefeatwassogreatthat-tothisday-I(2)theword:"graffiti."However,notsucceedinginsomethingIinvestedsomucheffortinonly(3)mydeterminationtostudyharder.
Later,myschoolwasparticipatinginaFrenchdictationcompetitionhostedbyanonprofitorganizationthatgiveskidsinpoverty(4)toaneducation.
Frenchisn'tmyfirstlanguage,soI(5)thebooksevenharder.Ispentallmyfreetimestudying.
Inthecompetition,Iscoredthehighestinmyschool!Ifeltsoproud.Thatjoywas(6)becauseIknewmyvictorywasalsohelpingchildrenlearntoreadandwrite.
Inthefinal,Itookthefifthplace.Althoughitwasn'twhatIhaddreamedof,itwasquite(7)!
Besidestheaward,Iacquiredthe(8)thatI'dusefortherestofmylife,suchaspersistenceandcriticalthinking.AndIfoundthatwhetherwearegenerating(9)forourselvesorforothers,weneverknowwhatcanbethecatalyst(催化劑)ofabrilliantfuture.Sometimes,thatcatalystcanbeas(10)asabook.1.
A.search B.sadness C.cry D.attempt2.
A.repeat B.learn C.prefer D.remember3.
A.showed B.strengthened C.shook D.tested4.
A.access B.freedom C.attention D.devotion5.
A.took B.pulled C.hit D.pressed6.
A.doubled B.spread C.transformed D.obtained7.
A.obvious B.average C.close D.familiar8.
A.rules B.abilities C.methods D.ideas9.
A.interest B.reaction C.change D.power10.
A.simple B.huge C.famous D.useful11.A
Amy'sschoolneededtocollectmoneyformorecomputers.Sincemanyofherclassmates'familieswerefromdifferent(1)(country),Amysuggestedholdingauniquedinnernightwhereeverystudentcouldbringinhishomedish.Sheknewparentsandstudents(2)(be)gladtopaymoneytotrydifferentfoods!Forthisdinner,AmybroughtinchickenwithpotatoeswhileherChinesefriendLiHuabroughtinfriedeggswithtomatoes.Itwas(3)greatsuccess.B
"Whoquestionsmuch,shalllearnmuch,andremembermuch,"saidFrancisBacon.Nowitseemsobvious(4)weacquireknowledgeandunderstanding.However,inthe17thcentury,manypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhatthey(5)(believe).Butourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowingandchanging.SoGalileoGalileisaid,"Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncethey(6)(discover);thepointistodiscoverthem."C
Perfectionism,asaclassicresponsetolife,isriskierthanitoncewas.Agrowingemphasis(7)employees'well-beingisonereasonwhyperfectionismisoutoffavour.Perfectionistsmayalsohurtteamspirit,becausetheyareregardedasbeingless(8)(social)skilledandlesslikeablethannon-perfectionists.However,somejobsactivelyrequireperfectionism.Fortunately,discouragingperfectionismdoesnotmean(9)(lower)highstandards.Perfectionistsaredeeplyannoyingbuttheyarenowherenearasbadaspeople(10)don'thaveanystandards.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)CThebaldeaglewasonceadyingspeciesintheUnitedStates.Thisisbecausethebirdwasn'talwaysheldwithrespect.AttheNationalBookFestival,authorJackE.Davisdetailedthebaldeagle's"greatconservationsuccessstory".
Thebaldeaglehasfacedextinctiontwice.Thefirstoccurredinthelate19thcentury."Itwasthenthatabaldeagleseenwasonetobeshot,"hesaid.Heexplainedthatthebirdhadbeenregardedasadangerousanimal,andconsideredathreat.Butsuchthreattendedtobeoverstated.Throughouttheearly20thcentury,thousandsofbaldeagleswereshotdown.Thingsbegantochangeforthebirdin1940,whenthegovernmentpasseditslegalprotection-theBaldEagleProtectionAct.
However,onlyfiveyearslater,thebirdfaceditssecondnearextinctionwhenDDT,anenvironmentallyharmfulinsecticide(殺蟲劑),wasintroducedattheendofWorldWarII.In1963,thebaldeaglehititslowestnumber-totalinglessthan500nestingpairsacrosstheU.S."Atthattime,onlyaboutone-thirdofthenation'swaterwassafeforswimmingandfishing,"Davissaid."Thatwaseaglehabitat,butalsoourhabitat.""Westeppedup."Hementionedthatthissituationledanonprofitorganization,F(xiàn)ishandWildlife,tolaunch"hugelysuccessful"eagleprotectionprojects.
By2007,thebaldeaglewasremovedfromthelistasthespeciesregaineditshealth,reachingnearly11,000nestingpairsnationwide,andtoday'snumberissomewherearound500,000.
Forthoselookingtoassistintheongoingcomebackofthebaldeagleandotherendangeredanimals,Davissaid,almosteverystatehasacenterthatacceptsdonationsandwelcomesvisitorsandvolunteers.12.Whatmadethebaldeaglealmostextinctforthefirsttime?______A.Theillegalhunting.
B.Theloosecontrolofguns.
C.Theattackfromotheranimals.
D.Themisunderstandingoftheirthreat.13.WhatcausedFishandWildlifetostarteagleprotectionprojects?______A.TheoutbreakofWorldWarII.
B.TheoveruseofDDTnationwide.
C.Thedisappearanceofeaglehabitat.
D.Theworseningofeagles'livingcondition.14.What'sthemainpurposeofthepassage?______A.Totellastoryofadyingspecies.
B.ToadvertisethebookofJackE.Davis.
C.Toraisetheawarenessofprotectingwildlife.
D.Tointroducethewaysofprotectingbaldeagles.DMydadloveshiswine.Onedaywhilemakingasandwich,Inoticedthedateononeofhiswinebottles.Ithentookitoutofthepantry(食品貯藏室)andrushedtowardmyfather.
"Dad,Dad!"Ishouted."Thiswineiswaypastits'bestbefore'date."
"Son,holdon,"hesaid.
"No,youcan'tdrinkthisanymore!"
"Wait,letmetellyou..."
"Wouldyoulikemetothrowitawayforyou?"Iasked.
"Ha,ha,no.Letmeexplainsomething,"myfathersaidcheerfully.
"But..."Ididn'twantmyfathergettingsick.
"Son,somewinesgetbetterovertime.Thelongeryouwaittodrinkit,thebetteritwillbe.Althoughthismayseemstrange,itistrue."
WhenIwasyoung,Ididn'thaveanyunderstandingofwhatthismeant.Butnow,lookingback,thiswouldhavebeenveryhelpfultorememberasIwentthroughmyteenageryears.
Weareallsokeentoreachthenextstepquicklythatwewilldoanythingtogetthere.Thishasanegativeeffectonoursociety.Inajobsituation,wewantpromotionsomuchthatwewillsteponothers.Whentryingtogototherightcollege,wewilldoanythingtogetin.Whenwerushthroughourhomework,wemaynotstudyenoughforthetest,andendupfailing.Allthesecommonsituationshaveonethingincommon:theycouldallbesolvedifwejusttookourtime.
Whenwedon'tfullyprepareourselvesforthenextlevel,webecomeasocietyofpeoplewhoaren'tready,butwanttherewardsofreachingthenextlevel.Thischeatsotherswhohavepreparedanddeservethejob.Weneedtobereadyforwhatevercomes,readyfortheunexpected.Justaswinegetsbetterovertime,sowillthethingsinourpaths.15.Howdidthefatherreacttotheout-of-datewine?______A.Heinsistedonkeepingit.
B.Hedrankitupimmediately.
C.Hecheckedifitwasdrinkable.
D.Heaskedhissontothrowitaway.16.Whichofthefollowingmightthefatherapproveof?______A.Graduatingfromcollegeaheadoftime.
B.Gettingthebestjobasquicklyaspossible.
C.Preparingourselvesforapromotionpatiently.
D.Doingschoolworkdespitemissingthedeadline.17.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?______A.Goodthingscometothosewhowait.
B.Positivethinkingresultsinsuccess.
C.Hewholaughslast,laughsbest.
D.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.EAlarmingreportsthattheAntarcticicesheetisbecomingsmallermisrepresentthefacts.Theicesheetholdsabout26.5milliongigatons(十億噸)ofwater.Ifitweretomelt(融化)completely,sealevelswouldrise190feet.Suchachangeisanissueforthefarfuture,ifitcomesatall.
MuchmoremodesticelossisnormalinAntarctica.Eachyear,some2,200gigatonsoftheiceisdischarged(消融),whilesnowfalladdsalmostthesameamount.Thedifferencebetweenthedischargeandadditioneachyearistheannualloss.Thatfigurehasbeenincreasing,from40gigatonsayearinthe1980sto250gigatonsayearinthe2010s.Buttheincreaseisjustaslightchangeinacomplexprocess.Ifitcontinuedatthatrate,thesealevelwouldberaisedby3inchesover100years.
Manyfearthatawarmingglobecouldincreasedischargeandcausemorerapidsea-levelrise.Tworecentstudiesfocusonthisissue.ResearchersinthestudyofThwaitesGlacier(冰川)-anunusuallybroadandfastAntarcticglacier-inferthatinthepastitbecamesmallerforhalfayearatmorethantwicethefastestrateeverobserved.Thecauseofthisspecificeventremainsunknown,partlybecausethetimeoftherapidmeltinghasn'tyetbeendetermined.Butthemediagoeswiththisangle:"A'doomsday(末日)glacier',thesizeofFlorida,isbreakingfasterthanthought."
Asecondstudytestedtheideathatthemeltedfreshwatercouldbecarriedbycurrentstospeedupthedischargeofnearbyglaciers.Researchersconstructedaspecialmodeltoprovetheiridea.Ifoceancurrentscanconnectthedischargesofdistantglaciers,thatwouldaddtothecomplexityintheAntarcticicesheet.Toemphasizetheiridea,researchersusedhumaninfluencesalmostthreetimeslarger.Eventhoughthatfactisstatedinthepaper,reportersrarely,andthemediagoeswithheadlinessuchas"amassivetsunamiwoulddrownNewYorkCity,killingmillions."Amoreaccurateheadlinewouldread:"OceancurrentsconnectingAntarcticglaciersmightquickentheirmelting."
Thesetwostudieswereconductedwithclevermethodstoinferpastconditionsandadvancedcomputermodelingtoshowpossiblesituations.Thesepapersdescribethesciencewithappropriateprecisionandcaution,butitisashamethatthemediamisrepresentstheresearchtoraisealarm.Thatdeniesthepublictherighttomakeinformeddecisionsabout"climateaction,"aswellastheopportunitytobeamazedatthescienceitself.18.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheannuallossoftheAntarcticicesheet?______A.It'sadanger. B.It'slimited.
C.Itchangessignificantly. D.Itdecreasesyearly.19.Whatcanwelearnfromthetwostudies?______A.Bothstudiesconstructednewmodels.
B.TheThwaitesGlaciermeltsfasterthanexpected.
C.Thecomplexityoftheoceanspeedsupthedischargeofglaciers.
D.NeitherthereasonnorthetimeoftheThwaitesGlacier'smeltingisknown.20.Theunderlinedphrase"catchsuchnuance"probablymeans.______A.denytheobviousfacts B.payattentiontothedifference
C.evaluatethedetails D.areseriousaboutthewarning21.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?______A.Antarcticglaciersmeltingmakessealevelrisegreatly.
B.Recentstudiesonthemeltingicecallforpeople'saction.
C.ReportsofthemediaonAntarcticglaciersmisleadthepublic.
D.Theresearchesabouttheglaciersmeltingraisepublicawareness.TheBenefitsofMakingFunofYourself
Beingabletolaughatyourselfisn'talwayseasy.However,makinglightofyourweaknessesandlifechallengescanhaveanumberofbenefits.Whileitmightsoundsurprising,beingabletomakefunofyourselfcanbegoodforyourself-esteem(自尊).(1)
Makingfunofyourselfisaformofself-criticalhumor,whichcaninvolvebeingtoomodest,orevenlaughingatyourselfhumorously.(2)However,researchsuggeststheytendtobemoreself-confident.Whenthistypeofhumorisusedtomaintainapositiveattitudeindifficultsituations,itcanhelpenhancewell-beingandself-esteem.
(3)Makingfunofyourselfmayhelpmakeyoumorelikableandbuildstrongerrelationshipswithothers.Interestingly,researchsuggeststhatbothmenandwomenthinkthatbeingabletomakefunofyourselfisanattractivetrait,despitedifferencesintheirwaysofusinghumor.
Laughterhasbeenshowntohaveanumberofstress-fightingbenefits.(4)Whenyouviewsituationsasthreats,stresslevelsincrease.Shiftingtoamindsetthatallowsyoutoseethesesituationsaschallengescantransformthisintowhatisknownas"goodstress"thathelpsyoufeelmoreempowered.
Makingfunofyourselfcanhavesomebenefits,butit'simportantnottotakethingstoofar.Ifmakingfunofyourselfstartsnegativelyimpactingyourmentalhealthorwell-being,it'stimetotakeastepback.(5)Ifyouembraceyourweaknessandimperfectionstoareasonabledegree,youwillfeelhappierandimproveyourrelationshipsandoverallwell-being.
A.Findabalancethatworksforyou.
B.Laughingatyourselfhelpsacceptyourself.
C.Peoplearemoredrawntootherswhocanlaughatthemselves.
D.Beingabletolaughatyourselfcanrelievestressbychangingyourview.
E.Makingfunofyourselfindifficultsituationscanreduceyourstressgreatly.
F.Peoplewithsuchasenseofhumoraresometimesregardedashavinglowself-esteem.
G.Itmightevenimproveyourrelationshipsandhelpyoufacechallengesmoreeffectively.22.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G23.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G24.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G25.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G26.
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G27.Computers,smartphones,andaudioplayersareanessentialpartofstudents'everydaylives.Thatmeansthatwheneverstudentsaredoinghomework,theyaregoingtobefacedwiththeproblemofusingtheirdevicesforpurposesotherthanlearning.Insteadofconcentratingononetask,theyareperformingmultipletasks.
AccordingtotheresearchbyLarryRosen,publishedinthejournalComputersinHumanScience,studentsspendupto45%oftheirhomeworktimeonvarioustasksunrelatedtotheirstudies.Studentsoftengetdistracted(分神)bytheirphonesorusetheirlaptopsforunauthorized(未經(jīng)許可的)activities.
Often,studentsthinkthattheyareabletomultitaskeffectively,withoutsacrificingtheirstudies.However,theresearchshowsthatitistrueinonly5%ofallcases.
Butwhydoteenagersmultitask?Theanswerissimple:multitaskingmakesusfeelgood.Astheresearchindicates,theentertainmentgainedfromsecondaryactivitiesduringstudiesmakeslearnersfeelbetteremotionally.WatchingTVortalkingtoyourfriendsbyemailispleasantandhelpsstudentsfightboredomwhiledoinghomeworkorlisteningtoalecturetheyfindboring.Anotherreasonwhystudentsmultitaskisthattheysimplydonotseethenegativeimpactithasontheircoursework.Teenagersoftenoverratetheirabilities.Theseeminglytinydistractions,however,resultinaconstantneedtoswitchfocusandsortoutinformation,injuringthebrainbyoveruseandmakingtheprocessinefficient.
However,theeffectsofmultitaskingarenotentirelynegative.TheresearchconductedbyHKUindicatesthatpeoplewhoroutinelymultitaskareabletousetheirsensesinconjunction(結(jié)合)moreeasily.Otherresearchalsoshowsthatmultitaskinghasapositiveeffectontheabilitytopassjudgmentandsolveproblemsquicklyandefficiently.
(1)Whatproblemdostudentshavewhendoinghomework?______
(2)Howdoesmultitaskinginfluencestudents'study?______
(3)Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.
Studentschoosetomultitaskeventhoughtheyareawarethattheymightgetdistracted.______
(4)Whatmeasure(s)canyoutaketoavoidyourmultitasking?Why?(Inabout40words)______28.假設你是紅星中學高二學生李華。學校下個月將舉辦英文短劇大賽。作為班長,你打算邀請外教Mr.Jenson幫助指導你班的英文短劇表演。請你用英文給他寫一封電子郵件,內(nèi)容包括:
(1)指導的具體內(nèi)容;
(2)排練安排和其他注意事項。
注意:(1)詞數(shù)100左右;
(2)開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。
提示詞:
rehearse-topractiseormakepeoplepractisesomethingsuchasaplayorconcertinordertoprepareforapublicperformancerehearsal-atimewhenallthepeopleinaplay,concertetc.practisebeforeapublicperformance
DearMr:Jenson,
____________
Yourssincerely,
LiHua
答案和解析1~10.【答案】D、D、B、A、C、A、C、B、C、A【解析】(1)考查名詞及語境理解。A.search搜查;B.sadness傷心;C.cry哭喊;D.attempt嘗試。句意:為了盡可能多地記住單詞,我不顧一切地開始夜以繼日地閱讀。根據(jù)上文中的"Determinedtowin,IopenedmydictionarytolearnhowtospelleverywordinEnglish."可知是"嘗試"。故選D項。
(2)考查動詞及語境理解。A.repeat重復;B.learn學習;C.prefer偏愛;D.remember記住。句意:這次失敗的痛苦是如此之大,以至于直到今天,我還記得那個詞:"涂鴉"。根據(jù)上文中的"Duringthecompetition,Imisspelledoneword.Thepainoverthisdefeatwassogreatthat—tothisday"可知,作者對拼錯的單詞印象深刻,難以忘記。故選D項。
(3)考查動詞及語境理解。A.showed展示;B.strengthened加強;C.shook搖晃;D.tested測試。句意:然而,我投入了如此多的努力卻沒有成功,這更堅定了我更加努力學習的決心。根據(jù)上文中的"However,notsucceedinginsomethingIinvestedsomucheffortinonly…"可知,這次失敗的痛反而加強了作者認真讀書的決心。故選B項。
(4)考查名詞及語境理解。A.access獲得的機會;B.freedom自由;C.attention注意;D.devotion投入。句意:后來,我的學校參加了一個由非營利組織主辦的法語聽寫比賽,該組織為貧困兒童提供了受教育的機會。根據(jù)上文中的"…h(huán)ostedbyanonprofitorganizationthatgiveskidsinpoverty…"可知,非營利性組織是為了幫助貧困的孩子有上學機會的,accesstosth.意為"……的機會"。故選A項。
(5)考查動詞及語境理解。A.took帶走;B.pulled拉,拽;C.hit重擊;D.pressed按壓。句意:法語不是我的第一語言,所以我更加用功讀書。固定短語hitthebooks意為"用功讀書"。故選C項。
(6)考查動詞及語境理解。A.doubled加倍;B.spread傳播;C.transformed轉(zhuǎn)換;D.obtained獲得。句意:這種喜悅加倍了,因為我知道我的勝利也幫助孩子們學會了閱讀和寫作。根據(jù)上文中的"Inthecompetition,Iscoredthehighestinmyschool!"和下文中的"becauseIknewmyvictorywasalsohelpingchildrenlearntoreadandwrite."可知,作者的快樂翻倍了。故選A項。
(7)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.obvious明顯的;B.average一般的;C.close接近的;D.familiar熟悉的。句意:雖然這不是我夢寐以求的,但已經(jīng)很接近了!根據(jù)上文中的"Althoughitwasn'twhatIhaddreamedof,"可知,接近了自己的夢想。故選C項。
(8)考查名詞及語境理解。A.rules規(guī)矩;B.abilities能力;C.methods方法;D.ideas思想。句意:除了這個獎項,我還獲得了我余生都會用到的能力,比如毅力和批判性思維。根據(jù)下文中的"thatI'dusefortherestofmylife,suchaspersistenceandcriticalthinking."可知是"能力"。故選B項。
(9)考查名詞及語境理解。A.interest興趣;B.reaction回應;C.change改變;D.power力量。句意:我發(fā)現(xiàn),無論我們是在為自己還是為他人創(chuàng)造改變,我們永遠不知道什么能成為輝煌未來的催化劑。根據(jù)下文中的"weneverknowwhatcanbethecatalyst(催化劑)ofabrilliantfuture."可知是"改變"。故選C項。
(10)考查形容詞及語境理解。A.simple簡單的;B.huge巨大的;C.famous著名的;D.useful有用的。句意:有時候,這種催化劑就像一本書一樣簡單。根據(jù)下文中的"as…asabook."可知,讀書是一件簡單的事情。故選A項。
本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在自己參加的單詞拼寫比賽中的經(jīng)歷,給自己和他人帶來了改變,使作者獲得了以后生活中所需的能力。
近幾年高考試題中的完形填空有新的變化,試題所涉及的知識面不斷拓寬,綜合難度不斷提高。做完形填空首先要通讀全文,了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有許多空格,所以,必須先通讀一至兩遍,才能大概了解文章的內(nèi)容。千萬不要看一句,做一句。其次要逐句分析,前后一致。選擇答案時,要考慮整個句子的內(nèi)容,包括搭配、時態(tài)、語法等。答案全填完后,再通讀一遍文章,檢查是否通順流暢,用詞得當,意思正確。
11.【答案】【小題1】countries【小題2】wouldbe/were【小題3】a【小題4】how【小題5】hadbelieved【小題6】arediscovered【小題7】on/upon【小題8】socially【小題9】lowering【小題10】who/that【解析】(1)考查可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)。句意:由于她的許多同學的家庭來自不同的國家,艾米建議舉辦一個獨特的晚餐之夜,每個學生都可以帶上他的家菜。different修飾名詞時,名詞用復數(shù)形式。故填countries。
(2)考查謂語動詞。句意:她知道家長和學生會很樂意花錢嘗試不同的食物!結(jié)合句意和knew可知,句子用一般過去時,主語parents
and
students是復數(shù),謂語動詞用were;結(jié)合句意可知,從句中的動作可以表示將來的動作,所以從句中的謂語可以使用過去將來時態(tài)。故填wouldbe/were。
(3)考查冠詞。句意:這是一次巨大的成功。結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示"一次巨大的成功",為可數(shù)名詞,此處表示泛指,故用不定冠詞,great發(fā)音是以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
(4)考查主語從句。句意:現(xiàn)在看來,我們?nèi)绾潍@得知識和理解似乎很明顯。it為形式主語,該空引導真正的主語從句,從句中不缺少主語和賓語,缺少方式狀語。故填how。
(5)考查時態(tài)。句意:然而,在17世紀,許多人傾向于忽視事實,不愿意挑戰(zhàn)他們的信仰。結(jié)合句意可知,從句中的謂語believe發(fā)生在主句的謂語部分wereunwillingtochallenge之前,表示"過去的過去",故用過去完成時。故填hadbelieved。
(6)考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:所以伽利略?伽利萊說:"所有的真理一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)就很容易理解;關(guān)鍵是要發(fā)現(xiàn)它們。結(jié)合句意和are可知,句子用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語為they,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式,且與discover之間為被動關(guān)系,故填arediscovered。
(7)考查介詞。句意:越來越重視員工的福祉是完美主義不受歡迎的原因之一。anemphasison/uponsth表示"對……強調(diào)"。故填on/upon。
(8)考查副詞。句意:完美主義者也可能傷害團隊精神,因為他們被認為比非完美主義者更不善于社交,更不討人喜歡。此處用副詞作狀語修飾skilled,故填socially。
(9)考查動名詞。句意:幸運的是,不追求完美主義并不意味著降低高標準。meandoingsth表示"意味著做某事",meantodosth.意為"打算做某事",結(jié)合句意可知,"意味著作某事"符合句意。故填lowering。
(10)考查定語從句。句意:完美主義者非常煩人,但他們遠沒有那些沒有任何標準的人那么糟糕。此處引導定語從句,先行詞為people,在從句中作主語,故填who/that。
A是一篇記敘文。講述了Amy在家中成功的舉辦了一次獨特的晚宴,每個來自不同國家的學生帶了一份家鄉(xiāng)菜。
B是一篇說明文。主要講述了我們該如何獲得和理解知識。
C是一篇說明文。主要介紹了完美主義和完美主義者的特點,并指出不追求完美主義并不意味著降低高標準。
做本題的關(guān)鍵是在理解短文的基礎上,靈活運用所學的基礎知識。本類型的題目常考到的知識點有:固定的短語,詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換,名詞的復數(shù)形式,副詞以及祈使句的用法等。因此,這就需要在平時的學習中,牢固掌握各語言點及一些語法知識。
12~14.【答案】D、D、C【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段The
bald
eagle
has
faced
extinction
twice.The
first
occurred
in
the
late
19th
century.
"It
was
then
that
a
bald
eagle
seen
was
one
to
be
shot,
"
he
said.He
explained
that
the
bird
had
been
regarded
as
a
dangerous
animal,and
considered
a
threat(禿鷹曾兩次面臨滅絕。第一次發(fā)生在19世紀后期。"那時,禿鷹一被發(fā)現(xiàn)就會遭到射殺,"他說。他解釋說禿鷹被視為一種危險的動物,被認為是一種威脅。)可知,19世紀末期,禿鷹被獵殺是因為人們認為禿鷹是一種威脅,這讓禿鷹幾乎滅絕。A.The
illegal
hunting.非法狩獵;B.The
loose
control
of
guns.對槍支的松散控制;C.The
attack
from
other
animals.其他動物的攻擊;D.The
misunderstanding
of
their
threat.對他們威脅的誤解。故選D。
(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段At
that
time,only
about
one-third
of
the
nation's
water
was
safe
for
swimming
and
fishing,
"
Davis
said.
"That
was
eagle
habitat,but
also
our
habitat.
"
"We
stepped
up.
"
He
mentioned
that
this
situation
led
a
nonprofit
organization,F(xiàn)ish
and
Wildlife,to
launch
"hugely
successful"
eagle
protection
projects.("當時,全國只有大約三分之一的水域可以安全游泳和釣魚,"戴維斯說。"那是鷹的棲息地,也是我們的棲息地。""我們站了出來。"他提到,這種情況讓非營利組織Fish
and
Wildlife啟動了"hugely
successful"鷹保護項目。)可知,禿鷹生存條件的惡化促使非營利性組織Fish
and
Wildlife發(fā)起鷹保護項目。故選D。
(3)目的意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段For
those
looking
to
assist
in
the
ongoing
comeback
of
the
bald
eagle
and
other
endangered
animals,Davis
said,almost
every
state
has
a
center
that
accepts
donations
and
welcomes
visitors
and
volunteers.(戴維斯說,對于那些希望幫助白頭鷹和其他瀕危動物恢復的人來說,幾乎每個州都有一個接受捐款、歡迎游客和志愿者的中心。)可知,每個州都有接受捐贈并歡迎游客和志愿者的中心,這是對人們發(fā)起號召,讓大家行動起來保護野生動物,再結(jié)合本文介紹的禿鷹兩次瀕臨滅絕的情況綜合推斷可知,這篇文章是為了提升人們保護野生動物的意識。因此C.To
raise
the
awareness
of
protecting
wildlife.(提高保護野生動物的意識。)符合題意。故選C。
本文是一篇說明文。介紹了禿鷹面臨的兩次滅絕,在政府和一些野生動物保護組織的努力下,禿鷹從美國瀕臨滅絕物種名單中消除。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點,并且理清文章脈絡,把握語篇實質(zhì)。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀,對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的準確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實際閱讀中,有時作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。
15~17.【答案】A、C、A【解析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Would
you
like
me
to
throw
it
away
for
you?"
I
asked.
("你想讓我把它扔掉嗎?"我問。)以及"Ha,ha,no.Let
me
explain
something,
"
my
father
said
cheerfully.("哈,哈,不。讓我解釋一下,"父親高興地說。)可知,父親想要保存已經(jīng)過期的酒。故選A。
(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的In
a
job
situation,we
want
promotion
so
much
that
we
will
step
on
others.
(在工作中,我們非常想升職,以至于我們會把別人踩在腳下。)和All
these
common
situations
have
one
thing
in
common:they
could
all
be
solved
if
we
just
took
our
time.(所有這些常見的情況都有一個共同點:只要我們慢慢來,它們都可以解決。)以及最后一段中的We
need
to
be
ready
for
whatever
comes,ready
for
the
unexpected.(我們需要為即將到來的一切做好準備,為意想不到的事情做好準備。)可知,父親認為應該耐心地為晉升做好準備。故選C。
(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的We
need
to
be
ready
for
whatever
comes,ready
for
the
unexpected.Just
as
wine
gets
better
over
time,so
will
the
things
in
our
paths.(我們需要為即將到來的一切做好準備,為意想不到的事情做好準備。正如葡萄酒隨著時間的推移變得更好一樣,我們?nèi)松缆飞系氖虑橐矔兊酶?。)可知,C項"好事屬于那些愿意等待的人。"符合題意。故選A。
本文是一篇記敘文。通過父親和兒子的對話,告訴我們正如葡萄酒隨著時間的推移變得更好一樣,我們也會慢慢地變得更好。
1.直接信息題:直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息,選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題:間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息,但在語言表達上與原文有差異,做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。3.綜合信息題:綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話,可能是原文的幾句話,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析,而不能斷章取義。
18~21.【答案】B、D、B、C【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段That
figure
has
been
increasing,from
40
gigatons
a
year
in
the
1980s
to
250
gigatons
a
year
in
the
2010s.But
the
increase
is
just
a
slight
change
in
a
complex
process.(這一數(shù)字一直在增加,從1980年代的每年40億噸增加到2010年代的每年250千兆噸。但這種增加只是復雜過程中的微小變化。)可知,研究者認為這種增加只是一個微小的變化,由此可推斷,南極洲冰層的每年的損失是有限的的。故選B。
(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Researchers
constructeda
special
model
to
prove
their
idea.(研究人員構(gòu)建了一個特殊的模型來證明他們的想法。)可知,只有一項研究采用了建模模式,故A.Both
studies
constructed
new
models.(兩項研究都構(gòu)建了新的模型)錯誤;根據(jù)第三段Researchers
in
the
study
of
Thwaites
Glacier
(冰川)-an
unusually
broad
and
fast
Antarctic
glacier-infer
that
in
the
past
it
became
smaller
for
half
a
year
at
more
than
twice
the
fastest
rate
ever
observed.(研究思韋茨冰川的研究人員推斷,在過去的半年里,它以超過觀測到的最快速度的兩倍的速度變小。)可知,該冰川融化的速度變小而不是更快,故B.The
Thwaites
Glacier
melts
faster
than
expected.(思韋茨冰川融化的速度比預期的要快。)錯誤;根據(jù)第四段A
second
study
tested
the
idea
that
the
melted
freshwater
could
be
carried
by
currents
to
speed
up
the
discharge
of
nearby
glaciers.(第二項研究測試了融化的淡水可以被水流攜帶以加速附近冰川排放的想法。)可知,是融化的淡水增加了附近冰川的消融,故C.The
complexity
of
the
ocean
speeds
up
the
discharge
of
glaciers.(海洋的復雜性加速了冰川的消融)錯誤;根據(jù)第三段The
cause
of
this
specific
event
remains
unknown,partly
because
the
time
of
the
rapid
melting
hasn't
yet
been
determined.(這一特定事件的原因仍然未知,部分原因是快速融化的時間尚未確定。)"可知,Thwaites
Glacier的融化原因和快速融化的時間不明確。故選D。
(3)詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Researchers
constructed
a
special
model
to
prove
their
idea.If
ocean
currents
can
connect
the
discharges
of
distant
glaciers,that
would
add
to
the
complexity
in
the
Antarctic
ice
sheet.To
emphasize
their
idea,researchers
used
human
influences
almost
three
times
larger.(研究人員構(gòu)建了一個特殊的模型來證明他們的想法。如果洋流可以連接遙遠冰川的排放,這將增加南極冰蓋的復雜性。為了強調(diào)他們的想法,研究人員使用了幾乎三倍于人類的影響。)可知,研究者用建模的方式研究洋流可能對冰川融化的影響,所以使用的近乎三倍于人類的影響進行研究。劃線短語所在的句子與其前的"Even
though
that
fact
is
stated
in
the
paper,reporters
rarely…(盡管報紙上陳述了這一事實,但記者很少……)"是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,即使報紙上陳述了這一事實,但是……,結(jié)合選項可知,此處表示"他們沒有注意到區(qū)別",在結(jié)合下文中對新聞標題的更改,可以確定,此短語的意思是"注意差別"。A.deny
the
obvious
facts否認明顯的事實;B.pay
attention
to
the
difference注意區(qū)別;C.evaluate
the
details評估細節(jié);D.are
serious
about
the
warning你對這個警告很認真。故選B。
(4)推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段These
papers
describe
the
science
with
appropriate
precision
and
caution,but
it
is
a
shame
that
the
media
misrepresents
the
research
to
raise
alarm.That
denies
the
public
the
right
to
make
informed
decisions
about
"climate
action,
"
as
well
as
the
opportunity
to
be
amazed
at
the
science
itself.(這些論文以適當?shù)木_和謹慎描述了科學,但令人遺憾的是,媒體歪曲了研究以引起警惕。這剝奪了公眾就"氣候行動"做出知情決定的權(quán)利,也剝奪了對科學本身感到驚訝的機會。)可知,媒體歪曲了研究而引起警惕,剝奪了公眾的知情決定權(quán),由此可以推斷,媒體對南極冰川的報道誤導了公眾。因此C.Reports
of
the
media
on
Antarctic
glaciers
mislead
the
public.(媒體關(guān)于南極冰川的報道誤導了公眾。)符合題意。故選C。
本文是一篇說明文。闡述的是一篇駭人聽聞的關(guān)于南極冰層變小的報道,引起了人們的恐慌,本文主要講述的是兩項針對于這項報道的研究,這兩項研究使用明智的做法推斷過去的情況和先進的計算機建模來顯示可能的情況,來證實媒體報道的不實,歪曲了研究的實情,誤導了公眾。
一、速讀全文,了解大意知主題。
閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力,考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀,搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句,捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點,并且理清文章脈絡,把握語篇實質(zhì)。
二、看題干,帶著問題讀文章。
首先要掌握問題的類型,客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案;而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等,這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次,了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息,然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀,對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性,提高了做題的準確率。
三、邏輯推理,做好深層理解題。
在實際閱讀中,有時作者并未把意圖說出來,閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思,通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細節(jié)的暗示,推敲作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理,不能就事論事,以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜詞悟義,掃除閱讀攔路虎。
猜詞是應用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會"順藤摸瓜",通過構(gòu)詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。
22~26.【答案】G、F、C、D、A【解析】(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文While
it
might
sound
surprising,being
able
to
make
fun
of
yourself
can
be
good
for
your
self-esteem(雖然這聽起來很奇怪,但能夠嘲笑自己對你的自尊心有好處),可知表示"它甚至可以改善你的關(guān)系,幫助你更有效地面對挑戰(zhàn)"的選項G符合前后的語境,be
good
for
your
self-esteem和improve
your
relationships
and
help
you
face
challenges
more
effectively是關(guān)鍵詞,故選G。
(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)前句Making
fun
of
yourself
is
a
form
of
self-critical
humor,which
can
involve
being
too
modest,or
even
laughing
a
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