第十章：視譯課件

ChapterTen

SightInterpretingSightInterpretingJustasitsnameimplies,theinterpreterreceivesthesourceinformationbyreadingaprepareddocumentinwrittenforms.Unlessthesituationisurgentorsomesecrethastobetemporarilykept,theinterpretercangetthedocumentinadvanceanddosomenecessarypreparationforinterpretation.SightInterpretingTextscouldbereferredtowhilethespeakerisspeaking;textscouldbepresentedinPPT,couldbeprovidedtotheinterpreterbeforeorduringthemeeting.Ifprovidedlongbeforethemeeting,translationcouldbedoneatsomeplaces.But,intheprocessofinterpreting,theinterpretershallnotonlyfollowthetranslatedtextbecauseveryoften,thespeakerdoesnotfollowcloselythetexts.Usually,textsareonlyprovidedrightbeforethemeeting.

SightInterpretingItisrealtimeinterpretationinwhichtheinterpreterusesthetextofthespeechtotranslatewhilethespeakerisspeakingatthesametime.

SightInterpreting視譯是介于口筆譯之間的翻譯形式引導(dǎo)學(xué)生由筆譯向口譯過渡視譯與同傳是“孿生姐妹”為同傳學(xué)習(xí)做準(zhǔn)備視譯培養(yǎng)提取信息和邏輯分析能力視譯促進(jìn)交傳能力提高HowdifficultisittodosightinterpretingbetweenEnglishandChinese?30%ofsentencescanbeinterpretedthroughlineartranslationbetweenEnglishandChinese.70%ofsentencescannot,andhavetogothroughstructuralandlexicaladjustment,inordertofittheexpressionhabitofthetargetlanguage.BecauseofthedifferencesinsyntacticstructurebetweenChineseandEnglish,restructuringthesentencesinaccordancewiththesyntacticrulesofthetargetlanguageisessentialforinterpreting.視譯的原則視譯的基本原則1、順句驅(qū)動，斷句成章；2、靈活調(diào)整，重組信息。1、不重復(fù)；2、不停頓；3、不啰嗦；4、不晦澀。1、溝通第一；2、達(dá)意為重；3、把握邏輯；4、分清主次。視譯的評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)確度

40%流暢度

40%時間控制

10%總體效果

10%視譯基本技巧斷句與順譯增補(bǔ)與重復(fù)縮減與省略特殊句型詞性轉(zhuǎn)換斷句與順譯Growingeconomicintegrationandinter-linkagesamongissuessuggesttheneedfornewandcomprehensiveapproachestocapacitybuildingadaptedtotheconstantlyevolvingneedsofdevelopingcountries.Growingeconomicintegration∕andinter-linkagesamongissues∕suggest∕theneedfor∕newandmorecomprehensiveapproaches∕tocapacitybuilding∕adaptedtotheconstantlyevolvingneedsofdevelopingcountries.經(jīng)濟(jì)融合與各種事件之間的聯(lián)系加深，這一事實說明我們需要新的、更為全面的方法開展能力建設(shè)，滿足發(fā)展中國家不斷變化的需求。PausingandLinearinterpretingTherewillcomeadaywhenpeopletheworldoverwillliveahappylifeunderthesunofsocialism.全世界人民在社會主義陽光下過幸福生活的一天是會到來的。Therewillcomeaday終將有一天whenpeopletheworldover全世界人民willliveahappylife會過上幸福的生活underthesunofsocialism沐浴著社會主義的陽光AndIthinkwhatIwouldliketosaytotheChinesepeopleisthatweviewChinaasaveryimportantnationthatisgoingthroughaperiodoftransformation.我想告訴中國人民，我們認(rèn)為中國是一個正在經(jīng)歷變革的非常重要的國家。AndIthinkwhatIwouldliketosaytotheChinesepeople我想我要告訴中國人民isthatweviewChinaasaveryimportantnation我們認(rèn)為中國是一個非常重要的國家thatisgoingthroughaperiodoftransformation中國正在經(jīng)歷變革省略與概括IwouldfailinmydutyifIdidnotfromthisrostrum（講壇）expressthedeepdistressofmygovernmentatthenewsreachingusofthedeathoftheyoungblackleader.

我謹(jǐn)代表我國政府，深切哀悼這位年輕黑人領(lǐng)袖。增補(bǔ)與重復(fù)我們要堅持相互尊重、增強(qiáng)互信、求同存異，以對話和協(xié)商的方式解決存在的問題，共同維護(hù)地區(qū)的和平與穩(wěn)定。我們要堅持相互尊重、增強(qiáng)互信、求同存異，以對話和協(xié)商的方式解決存在的問題，共同維護(hù)地區(qū)的和平與穩(wěn)定。Weshouldincreasemutualtrustonthebasisofmutualrespect,seekcommongroundwhileputtingasidedifferences,andworktoresolvewhateverproblemstheremightbethroughdialogueandconsultationinajointefforttomaintainpeaceandstabilityintheregion.After&BeforeThemeetingwillresumeafterthedelegateshavemetprivately.

他還要做幾個關(guān)于金融方面的講座，然后才回去。

會議還要繼續(xù)，但代表們先要私下里碰碰頭。

Hewillgiveafewmorelecturesonfinancebeforehegoesbackhome.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換ThewillingnessofChinatoshareitslessonsandexperienceswithothercountriesthroughthistrainingcenterandalsolearnfromthemisademonstrationoftheChineseCommitmenttohelpdevelopingcountriestoimprovetheirdevelopmentstatus.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換ThewillingnessofChinatoshareitslessonsandexperienceswithothercountriesthroughthistrainingcenterandalsolearnfromthemisademonstrationoftheChineseCommitmenttohelpdevelopingcountriestoimprovetheirdevelopmentstatus.中國愿意分享經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn)給其他國家，通過培訓(xùn)中心的建立，中國還將向其他國家學(xué)習(xí)，這顯示了中國承諾幫助發(fā)展中國家改善提高發(fā)展水平的決心。多種技巧混合運(yùn)用AndIdowanttocongratulateGreenwichUniversitywhichwasinauguratedasBritain’ssecondpolytechniccollegemany,manyyearsago,hasbeenaninnovatorfromthestart,nowagreatuniversitywith23,000students,rightattheheartofthislocalcommunity,goingfromstrengthtostrength,agreatreputationforteachertraining,pioneeringinitiativestoencouragelocalyoungpeopletothinkaboutgoingtouniversity.多種技巧混合運(yùn)用AndIdowanttocongratulateGreenwichUniversitywhichwasinauguratedasBritain’ssecondpolytechniccollegemany,manyyearsago,hasbeenaninnovatorfromthestart,nowagreatuniversitywith23,000students,rightattheheartofthislocalcommunity,goingfromstrengthtostrength,agreatreputationforteachertraining,pioneeringinitiativestoencouragelocalyoungpeopletothinkaboutgoingtouniversity.我想真心贊嘆格林威治大學(xué)，贊嘆這所許多年前成立的英國第二家理工學(xué)院，贊嘆（重復(fù)）它從創(chuàng)建之日起就一直走在創(chuàng)新的前沿（名變動）。格林威治大學(xué)現(xiàn)有學(xué)生23，000人，它扎根本地社區(qū)，從勝利走向勝利（尋求動態(tài)對等），它不僅享有教師培訓(xùn)的盛名，而且（增添）還創(chuàng)造了許多獨具慧眼的機(jī)會，激勵當(dāng)?shù)啬贻p人踴躍進(jìn)入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。（順譯）Sightinterpretingrelativeclauses

1)Thewomanholdingababyinherarmsiswaitingtoseethedoctor.那個婦女抱著個嬰兒，正在等醫(yī)生看病。2）Thatsummerwelaunchedarocketdesignedbyourselves.那年夏天我們發(fā)射了一枚火箭，是我們自行研制的。3）Hislaugh,whichwasveryinfectious,brokethesilence.他的笑非常富有感染力，它打破了沉默。4）Thousandsofred,beautifulrosesthatblossomalmostatthesametimemaketheparkthegreatresortofpeopleinspring.幾千朵美麗的紅玫瑰，差不多同時開放，使公園成為春季吸引游人的好地方。5）Heisapersonwhowantstopleaseeveryoneandendsuppleasingnoone.他這個人想要取悅所有人，卻最終取悅不了任何人。6）APECenvironmentalministers,whowillmeetthismonthinVancouverforthefirsttime,willfocustheirdiscussionsonenvironmentallawsandregulationsnowinforceincountriesintheAsiaandPacificregion.APEC環(huán)境部長們本月將在溫哥華首次會面，主要討論環(huán)境法律和法規(guī)，現(xiàn)行在亞太地區(qū)國家內(nèi)的法律和法規(guī)。Sightinterpretingappositive

同位語1）Asforthestorybehindthepainting,weneedtoaskMs.Jones,headoftheNationalMuseumofFineArts.說到這幅畫背后的故事，我們需要問問瓊斯女士，她是國家美術(shù)博物館館長。2）Wehavetoagreewithhisconclusionthatthepriceofoilproductswillcontinuetoriseatleastforanotherdecade.我們不得不同意他的結(jié)論，就是石油產(chǎn)品價格會持續(xù)攀升，至少在未來10年是這樣。3）Allthepeopletherehadsomedoubtwhethertheywereabletocompletetheworkonschedule.那里所有的人都心存懷疑，不知他們是否能夠按時完成任務(wù)。4)Somebodylikethatwhoissodownontheirluckandwillingtohelpsomeoneoutisararething.像他這樣的人，雖然命運(yùn)不濟(jì)，但卻樂于助人，實在難能可貴。Sightinterpretingadverbial

狀語

1）Thecommanderhastoldhismenthattheymustfinishthetaskassoonaspossible.指揮員告訴戰(zhàn)士們，他們必須完成任務(wù)，越快越好。2）Areyoutogohomeorstayatthecollegeduringthevacation?你回家還是留在學(xué)校過假期？3)Igottoknowherwhilestudyinginaprovincialcollege.我認(rèn)識她的時候正在一所省里的大學(xué)讀書。4）Ihavebelievedthatthegapsbetweentheprivilegedandthedowntrodden,betweentheoppressedandtheoppressor,betweentherichandthepoor,betweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingworldsarethegreatestsourcesoftension,conflictandviolencebothwithinandamongnations.我一直認(rèn)為，有一條鴻溝，存在在高貴者和卑賤者之間，壓迫者和被壓迫者之間，富人和窮人之間，發(fā)達(dá)國家和發(fā)展中國家之間，這就是緊張、沖突和暴力的根源所在，無論在國內(nèi)還是國際上都是如此。5）Howcanyouexpectyourchildrentobetruthfulwhenyouyourselftelllies?你怎么能夠期待孩子說真話，如果你自己說假話的話。6）IstillthinkthatyoumadeamistakewhileIadmitwhatyousay.我還是認(rèn)為你犯了個錯誤，當(dāng)然，我也承認(rèn)你說得沒錯。Sightinterpretingbychangingpartsofasentence轉(zhuǎn)換句子成分名詞轉(zhuǎn)動詞（及物動詞，或者不及物動詞+于、在、是等）1）Thisbookisacarefulstudyofthepowerstrugglebetweenthewarringstates.這本書認(rèn)真研究了交戰(zhàn)各國之間的權(quán)力斗爭。2）Allcountriesshallworkhardforeffectiveprohibitionoftheproductionandstockpilingofallchemicalweapons…世界各國都應(yīng)該努力工作，來有效地制止生產(chǎn)和儲備各種化學(xué)武器。3)Intoday’sworldofhighcompetitionandinstantcommunication…當(dāng)今世界，競爭激烈，咨詢便捷。4)Wehaveashortageofhumanresourcesshortagebecauseourindustriesdevelopedveryquickly.我們?nèi)狈θ肆Y源，因為工業(yè)發(fā)展非常迅速。5)Itisaverydifferentplacethanitwas22yearsagobecauseofthebenefitoffreelabor,freetradeandanopenmarket.現(xiàn)在這個地方大大不同了，與22年前相比大大不同了，因為得益于自由勞動力，自由貿(mào)易和開放的市場。6)Therecoursetoviolencewhichwehavesoughttoavoidisuponus.訴諸武力是我們一再避免的，現(xiàn)在發(fā)生了。7）Wehaveconductedinterviewswithpeopleofallwalksoflifeinordertofindtheirattitudestowardthenewgovernmentpolicy.我們采訪了各行各業(yè)的人，試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)他們對于新政府政策的態(tài)度。8）Throughtheface-to-faceexchange,thetwodelegationshadabetterunderstandingofeachother’sintentionsandcapabilities.通過面對面的溝通，兩個代表團(tuán)更好地了解了相互的意圖和實力。9）Carefulforethoughtaboutthepossibleconsequenceswouldhavehelpedthemavoidallthetrouble,whichalmostdestroyedtheirplancompletely.事先考慮到可能產(chǎn)生的后果，本來是能夠避免所有這些麻煩的，這些麻煩幾乎毀了整個計劃。介詞短語轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞結(jié)構(gòu)1)Theyhavegreatereconomicstrengthandmoresophisticatedtechnologiesforenvironmentalprotection.他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)實力更強(qiáng)大，技術(shù)更精良，可以更好地進(jìn)行環(huán)境保護(hù)。2)HongKongbuiltitsnewairportintwoyears.香港建造了新機(jī)場，花費(fèi)了兩年的時間。3)HongKongbuiltitsnewairportintwoyearsonreclaimedlandwithmostlyimportedlaboronabudgetof200billiondollars.香港建造了新機(jī)場，花費(fèi)了兩年的時間，并且是填海建造，大多使用了外地勞工，預(yù)算為兩千億美元。4）Thevillagersspentalotofhumanandmaterialresourcesona10-yeardrivetomakesuchagloriousachievement.村民們花費(fèi)了大量人力物力，經(jīng)歷了10年的奮斗，才取得了如此輝煌的成就。5）Theyhadnumerousmeetingsofvariouskindstodiscussanddebateoverimportantpolitical,economic,andsocialissuesduringtheturbulentyearsoftheFrenchRevolution.他們召開過無數(shù)會議，各種各樣的都有，討論、辯論重要的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會問題，那是法國大革命動蕩歲月里的事情了。if；while；when；after不用翻1)Ifyoujump,Ijump.你跳，我也跳。2)Ifwewanttoestablishasoundeconomicenvironment,ourco-operationisabsolutelynecessary.想要建立良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境，我們的合作就是必須的。3)Whilethesecommentsaremeanttobenice,theyshowthewrongimageAmericanshaveoftheChinesepeople.這些評論是善意的，但是顯示了美國人對中國人民的錯誤看法。4)WhenIfirstvisitedthemainlandin1976…我第一次訪問大陸是在1976年。5)Afterwehadanextensivediscussionwiththeothergrouponthisimportantissue,wedecidedthatweshouldgoaheadwiththeplanandforgetaboutthebudget.我們進(jìn)行了廣泛的討論，與另外一組針對這個重要議題進(jìn)行了討論，之后決定我們應(yīng)該執(zhí)行這項計劃，不考慮預(yù)算的問題。Sightinterpretingpassivevoice被動語態(tài)將被動語態(tài)改譯為主動語態(tài)另起一句譯出施事方并重復(fù)動詞以便成句避免使用“把”、“使”、“由”等漢語句式。1）Thesenseofinferioritythatheacquiredinhisyouthhasneverbeentotallyeradicated.自卑感是他在青少年時期產(chǎn)生的，一直都沒有完全消除。2）Itisreportedthatthethreecandidatesareallgoingtoattendtheopeningceremony.據(jù)報，三為候選人都要參加開幕式。3）Ourforeignpolicyissupportedbythepeopleallovertheworld.我們的對外政策全世界人民都支持。4）Mostofthelettersfromhiswifearereadtohimbythenurseinthehospital.大多數(shù)來自妻子的信都是念給他的，醫(yī)院的護(hù)士念的。Sightinterpretingthecomparativedegree比較級將比較級引導(dǎo)詞后面的部分譯成獨立的短語或短句ShehasmoretimethanIdo.她時間比較多，我的少。Shoppingatasupermarketischeaperthangoingtothelocalshops.在超市購物比較便宜，而在鄰近商店購物比較貴/比在鄰近商店便宜。3）Onthisissue,theUNSecurityCouncilwasasresoluteasmanypeoplehadexpected.在這個問題上，聯(lián)合國安理會很堅決，許多人也預(yù)期到了。4)Yourcoffeeisnotsogoodasthecoffeemymothermakes.你的咖啡不太好，沒有我媽煮的好/不如我媽煮的好。

Sightinterpreting“It”sentence

Itisimportantnottobeeasilysatisfied.重要的是不要輕易滿足。Itisstrangetoseesomanypeoplearedoingthesamething.奇怪的是，看到這么多人都在做同一件事情。ItisnecessarythatEnglishmajorsspeakEnglisheveryday.必要的是，英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生要天天講英語。4）Itwasthepracticalargumentthatlowertariffswouldincreasetradevolumes,alliedtoadistinctlyProtestantviewoftheeconomyasdivinelyordainedandselfregulatingmechanism,whichconvertedthemajorityoftheBritishpoliticalelitetofreetrade.一種實用主義的論點是，降低關(guān)稅會增加貿(mào)易額，同時還存在一種典型的新教觀點，認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)受到上帝的管理，是自我調(diào)節(jié)的機(jī)制，這就使得大部分英國的政治精英，開始信仰自由貿(mào)易。Sightinterpreting“There+be”sentence

譯為“有”，然后根據(jù)句子的順序，接著往下翻譯。There’sbeenagentlemanhereaskingtoseeyou.有位先生在這里，要見你。Thereappearedtobeawarbetweenhisheartandhismind.似乎有場戰(zhàn)爭，在他的情感和理智之間展開。Sightinterpretinglongsentences

1）Acrossthespectrumofeconomicissues,IbelieveitisinthebestinterestoftheUnitedStates,ChinaandtherestoftheworldthatChinamovemorequicklytoadoptmarket-basedreforms.縱觀所有經(jīng)濟(jì)問題，我相信，最有利于，美國、中國以及世界的做法是，中國加快轉(zhuǎn)型，實行市場經(jīng)濟(jì)改革。2）Together,theseagreementswillexpandopportunitiesforUSfinancialservicesfirmsand,byallowinggreaterfinancialflows,helpcreatethebasisformovingmorequicklytoamarket-determinedexchangerate.這些協(xié)議將擴(kuò)大機(jī)會，美國金融服務(wù)公司受益，還可以促進(jìn)更多金融流動，進(jìn)而創(chuàng)造條件，更快實現(xiàn)匯率的市場化。4）Attheopeningbanquet,Nixonseemedtohaveparaphrasedhishost’spositionbysaying:“Thereareofcoursesomewhobelievethatthemereactofsayingastatementofprinciplesoradiplomaticconferencewillbringlastedpeace.Thisisna?ve.在歡迎宴會上，尼克松似乎是在復(fù)述東道主的立場，他說，“有人當(dāng)然認(rèn)為，僅僅發(fā)表一個原則聲明或召開外交會議就會帶來持久和平，這是很天真的想法?！?）OneofthemajorreasonsforAmerica’sgreatsuccessastheworld’sfirst“universalnation”,foritsastonishingandunmatchedcapacityforassimilatingimmigrants,hasbeenthatanautomaticpartofacculturationwastheacquisitionofEnglish.一個最主要的原因，成就了美國的巨大成功，成為了世界上第一個“全球國家”，具有驚人和巨大能力，同化來自各國的移民，自然而然的同化部分就是學(xué)習(xí)英語。6）HeknewthatChinawaslookingforawaytobalancerapidindustrializationwiththepreservationofthesocialandc