中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)三大從句

初中英語(yǔ)三大從句一、賓語(yǔ)從句1.賓語(yǔ)：1）IlikeEnglish.

2）SheenjoyswatchingTV.

★賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者?！镔e語(yǔ)由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。2.賓語(yǔ)從句：1）Weknowtheman.

2）Weknowthatheisagoodman.充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分的句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。3.賓從的判斷：動(dòng)詞介詞＋賓語(yǔ)從句形容詞4.★引導(dǎo)詞：1）that：that在從句中無(wú)實(shí)際含義，不充當(dāng)成分，在口語(yǔ)中往往省略。e.g.Ibelievethatyouarethebest.2）whether/if:e.g.Iaskedwhetherhewantedtogoshoppingwithme.if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示“是否….”,不能省略，在大部分情況下二者可以互換，但在以下情況中,只能用whether，而不能用if。①后面有…ornot；②在介詞的后面；e.g:Iaminterestedinwhetherhewillcometomorrow.③在不定式todo前e.g:Idon’tknowwhethertodoit.④在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞discuss的后面3）

特殊疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)副詞含義例句充當(dāng)成分how如何Heaskedhowhecouldfinishthetask.方式狀語(yǔ)where哪里HeaskedwhereIlived.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)when什么時(shí)候HeaskedwhenIwouldleaveforBeijing.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)why為什么HeaskedwhyIwasworried.原因狀語(yǔ)分兩類(lèi)：疑問(wèn)副詞和疑問(wèn)代詞。①疑問(wèn)副詞只能做狀語(yǔ)②疑問(wèn)代詞可做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。疑問(wèn)副詞含義例句充當(dāng)成分who誰(shuí)Idon’tknowwhocleanedthewindow.主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)whom誰(shuí)（作賓語(yǔ)）HeaskedwhomIwouldmeet.賓語(yǔ)what什么HeaskedwhatIliked.主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whose誰(shuí)的Heaskedwhosebookthiswas.定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)which哪一個(gè)HeaskedwhichbookIliked.定語(yǔ)

5.★賓從的語(yǔ)序：1）區(qū)分陳述語(yǔ)序&疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序陳述語(yǔ)序：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序：謂語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)前（有情提情、有be提be、無(wú)情無(wú)be請(qǐng)求助）2）賓從的語(yǔ)序：陳述語(yǔ)序3）引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，從句語(yǔ)序與疑問(wèn)句相同：①What’sthematter?Wouldyoutellmewha’sthematter?②What’swrongwithyou?Shedidn’ttellmewhatwaswrongwithyou.6.★賓從的時(shí)態(tài)：主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以用語(yǔ)境所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài).主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。從句內(nèi)容為客觀真理，從句仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?？谠E：主現(xiàn)從隨意，主過(guò)從過(guò)，真理永一現(xiàn)?！菊n堂練習(xí)】1．Wedon’tknow________,butittellsustheimportanceoffriendship.A．whatthestoryisaboutB．whetherthestoryistrueC．whendidthestorytakeplace2．—Couldyoutellme________?—Throwingoffpoverty（脫貧）.A．whopeopleoftentalkaboutthisyearB．whatpeopleoftentalkaboutthisyearC．whichdopeopleoftentalkaboutthisyear3．---Hi,Alice.Iwonder________.

--Ioftengoswimminginthesportscenter.A．whereyouskate B．whatyoudoontheweekendC．whenyouexercise D．whetheryouenjoyyourweekend4．Mycousinwilldrivemetoschooltoday,butIdon'tknow______________.A．whathe'lldo B．wherehe'llgoC．whenwe'llleave D．whywe'llgothereBBBC二、定語(yǔ)從句1、理解“定語(yǔ)”：定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾、限定、說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。分析以下例句的句子成分：1）Thehandsomeboyisherfriend.請(qǐng)翻譯此句：這個(gè)帥氣的男孩是她的朋友。Thehandsomeboy是：

主語(yǔ)

。

is是：謂語(yǔ)。herfriend是：表語(yǔ)。

handsome是：定語(yǔ),作用是修飾后面的名詞boy。her是：定語(yǔ)

,作用是修飾后面的名詞friend。2）Thehandsomeboywhoissingingisherfriend.請(qǐng)翻譯此句：這個(gè)正在唱歌的帥氣男孩是她的朋友。此句中，whoissinging作為定語(yǔ)成分，作用是修飾前面的名詞boy。2、定語(yǔ)從句的定義：在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)的句子叫做定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句的作用是修飾前面的先行詞或主句中的其他成分。Ihaveasister.Sheisastudent.請(qǐng)把這兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句改成包含定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。Ihaveasisterwhoisastudent.定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞分類(lèi)：

關(guān)系詞被修飾的先行詞關(guān)系詞在定從中的作用關(guān)系代詞that人/物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)whose人/物定語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因原因狀語(yǔ)

★注意:1）定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞不能為what。2）關(guān)系代詞that，which，who，whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略，但“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞不可省略。3)介詞+which:先行詞是物，介詞+whom：先行詞是人關(guān)系代詞1）that：that可代替which，who，whom，做從句的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，作主語(yǔ)不可省。Thisisthebottle(that)Ilikebest.

Ihaveadressthatisbeautiful.★只能用that的情況：①先行詞含有no,few,some,any,all,something等不定代詞Allthatwehavetodoistofinishthetask.②先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)ThefirstlessonthatIlearntwillneverbeforgotten.③先行詞被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhaveeverbeento.④先行詞含有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast表示特指的詞時(shí)HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttobewith.⑤先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpeoplethattheylikedbest.★不用that的情況①前有介詞：ThisisthehouseinwhichIlive.【課堂練習(xí)】1.OnedayMikewentwithhisfathertoseehisgrandparents______liveinasmalltown.A.which B.where C.when D.who2.Thebicycle______hewantedwasatleast$90.A.who B.which C.what D.how3.Thegirl

____issinginginthestageismyneighbor.A.she B.which C.whom D.who1.Thisistheworstnovel

________Ihaveeverread.A．whichB.whereC.thatD.what4.Hesaidnothing__________mademeangry.A.thatB.whichC.asD.itDBDCA三、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1.定義：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句是狀語(yǔ)從句的一種，一般翻譯為“無(wú)論”，“即使，“無(wú)論”，“盡管”。2.引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有although，though，evenif，9eventhough，nomater+疑問(wèn)詞，whether...or。①翻譯：盡管他沒(méi)有說(shuō)什么，我明白他的意思。

②(

)Johnsaidhewasn’tfrightened,______Icanfeelhisheartquickly. A.Although;but B.Although;/ C.But;/ D.Though;but總結(jié)：though和although不能與but連用，可以和still，yet連用強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比。③易混詞：thoughconj.盡管thoughtn.思想throughprep.通過(guò)BAlthoughhesaidnothing,Iunderstandhismeaning.

2）evenif和eventhough表示“即使”，“縱使”。這兩個(gè)復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同，常互換使用，也可和although/though互換使用，但evenif/though語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)烈?！顴xercises完成句子—盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，他最后還是失敗了。Evenifhestudiedhard，hefailedatlast.3）whether…or…“不管是…還是”。由此復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，旨在說(shuō)明正反兩個(gè)方面的可能性都不會(huì)影響主句的意向或結(jié)果，所以它的語(yǔ)氣是比較強(qiáng)烈的，也更加堅(jiān)定了主句的內(nèi)容。★Exercises翻譯：不管你想不想去，你都要去。Whetheryouwanttogoornot,youhavetogo.

4）“nomatter?疑問(wèn)詞”，或“疑問(wèn)詞?ever”，表示“無(wú)論…”★Exercises翻譯：1.無(wú)論你去哪里，無(wú)論你做什么，我都會(huì)在這里等你。Whereveryougo,whateveryoudo,Iwillberightherewaitingforyou.（摘自歌曲RightHereWaiting）（轉(zhuǎn)為同義句）Nomatterwhereyougo,nomatterwhatyoudo,Iwillberightherewaitingforyou.四、原因狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞用法【語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈程度because>since>as】because意為“因?yàn)椤?，表因果的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)?？梢曰卮鹨詗hy引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系。I’mleavingbecause

I’mfedupwithhim.★注意：判斷正誤。Becauseitwasraining,westayedathome.（

T）Itwasraining,sowestayedathome.（

T）Because

itwasraining,sowestayedathome.（F）總結(jié)：because和so不能連用用because或becauseof填空。Hedidn’tgetthejobbecause

heistooold.Hedidn’tgetthejobbecauseof

hisage.總結(jié)：because后面加句子，becauseof后面加短語(yǔ)。since意為“既然，由于”，引導(dǎo)眾所周知的原因，通常位于句首。SinceMondayishisbirthday,let’sgivehimaparty.as意為“由于”，引導(dǎo)很明顯的原因，與since用法大致相同。位于句首或句中。Shedidn’thearuscomeinasshewasasleep.1.Itaughtthemtosing_____musiccanbringthemjoyandpeace.A.so B.although C.because D.and2.Themeetingwasputoff______theheavyrain.A.asB.sinceC.becauseD.becauseof3.______Istayeduplatelastnight,_____Iwastiredthismorning.A.Because;butB./；soC.Because;soD.Becauseof;soCDB五、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞用法where意為“在…的地方”。位于句首或句中。where+陳述句語(yǔ)序。Heliveswhere

theclimateiscool.wherever意為“在任何…的地方”。位于句首或句中。wherever+陳述句語(yǔ)序。Youcansitwhereveryoulike.六、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句1、定義：結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句一般用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主句中的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，

通常位于主句之后。2、引導(dǎo)詞：1)so…that…句型1：so+adj./adv.+that…。e.g.ItwassodarkthatIcouldn’tseeanything.句型2：so+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that…。Sheissoniceapersonthateveryonelikesher.句型3:somany/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that…。Wehavesomanybooksthatwecan’tfinishreadingtheminthisweek.Wehavesofewbooksthatwecan’tgivethemtootherstudents.句型4：somuch/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that…。Hehassomuchhomeworktodothathecan’tgooutwithus.Hehassolittlemoneythathecan’taffordanyfood.

2)such…that…句型1：…sucha/an(adj.)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that…。HeissuchacleverboythatIlikehimverymuch.請(qǐng)用“so+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that…”的句型寫(xiě)出同義句。HeissocleveraboythatIlikehimverymuch.句型2：such+adj+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that…。ItissuchfineweatherthatIwanttogoout.【課堂練習(xí)】1.Thechildrenhave_______homework________theycan’tgotosleepontime.A.somany;that

B.suchmany;thatC.somuch;that

D.suchmuch;that2.WhenIwasyoung,Iwas________nervousthatIcouldn’ttalktoanyone.A.too B.to C.such

D.so3.Thecamerais______expensive______Ican’taffordit.A.very,so B.too,to C.so,that

D.enough,that4.Iwas_______excited_______Icouldnotfallasleep.A.as;as B.so;as C.too;to D.so;that5.Englishis_______ausefullanguage_____itisspokeninmanyCountriesoftheworld.A.so…that B.such…that

C.so…because

D.such…becauseCDCDB七、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句1.“當(dāng)……時(shí)”引導(dǎo)詞用法when1)意為“當(dāng)...時(shí)候”.，表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。2）觀察例句：Hewasdoinghomeworkwhenhismothercameback.ImetmybestfriendwhenIwastalking.when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可接AB（A.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞B.短暫性動(dòng)詞）3）When后不限動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，但是表過(guò)去時(shí)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表將來(lái)時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e.g.WhenIdived,Isawtheamazingunderseaworld.WhenIgettherenexttime,Iwilldiveagain.while意為“當(dāng)...時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)的從句常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。e.g.WhileIamdoingmyhomework,mymotheriscooking.WhileIamdoingmyhomework,theTVison.【區(qū)分】While也可以作并列連詞，表示兩者之間的對(duì)比關(guān)系，意為然而。e.g.IlikewatchingTV,whilemybrotherlikeslisteningtomusic.as意為隨著。e.g.Wegetwiseraswegrowolder.口訣when后長(zhǎng)短,while后長(zhǎng)；兩長(zhǎng)while，兩短when，一邊一邊用as。Exercises：1.Iamveryexcited____IhearthatthereisgoingtobeafootballmatchonTV

nextSaturdaynight.

A.whenB.soC.untilD.before2.I____thefootballmatchwhenyousuddenly_____me.

A.watched;called

B.watched;wascalling

C.waswatching;calledD.waswatching;wascalling3.Thelittleboyfellasleep______hismotherwassinginghimanicesong.

A.whileB.afterC.beforeD.so4.---____yearsgoby,Chinaisgettingricherandstronger.---Wehopeourcountrywillbebetterandbetter.

A.AsB.WhenC.WhileD.SinceACAA2.“直到……”引導(dǎo)詞用法until/tilluntil意為直到。e.g.Youmaystayhereuntil/tilltherainstops.2.not……until意為直到...才。也可以將not換為never等表示否定的詞。e.g.Hedidnotgotobeduntilhehadfinishedhiswork.注意：主句用A.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，使用until/till引導(dǎo)從句。主句用B.短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，使用not…until引導(dǎo)從句。【A.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞B.短暫性動(dòng)詞】e.g.Wemustn’tgetoutofthebusuntilitstops.Youmaystayhereuntil/tilltherainstops.Exercises:1.Iwon’tbelievethatthefive-year-oldboycouldreadmagazines

Itestedhimmyself.A.ifB.whenC.afterD.until2.Don’thurry.Thebuswon’tstart

everybodygetson.A.sinceB.asC.untilD.when1.“一……就……”引導(dǎo)詞用法assoonas意為一……就……。表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作隨即發(fā)生。通常遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則。e.g.Assoonashearrives,Iwillcallyou.IwillplaywithyouassoonasIfinishmyhomework.

Exercises：1.He

youassoonashe

home.A.calls;arrivesB.willcall;willarriveC.willcall;arriveD.willcall;arrives2.Ihelpedmymumwithhouseworkyesterday

Igothome.A.assoonasB.beforeC.untilD.while1.“在……前/后”引導(dǎo)詞用法before意為在...之前。表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句之前。e.g.Shewillcallmebeforesheleaves.after意為在...之后。表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句之后。e.g.Shewillcallmeaftersheleaves.Exercises：1.Theboyranaway__________Icouldsayaword.A.before B.when C.until D.after八、條件狀語(yǔ)從句1.“如果”引導(dǎo)詞用法If意為如果，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g.Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.【區(qū)分】意為是否，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。e.g.HeaskedmeifIcouldhelphim.Exercises：1.wedon’tsavewater,wewillhavenowatertodrinkoneday.A.WhereB.WhenC.AlthoughD.If2.What

theydoifthey

thebus?A.do;willmissB.will;missesC.will;missD.will;willmiss2.“除非”引導(dǎo)詞用法unless意為除非，=ifnot.e.g.Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.=Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeifyoudon’tstartearlier.Exercises:1.

heisunder16,hewillbeallowedtodrinkalcohol.A.SinceB.BecauseC.IfD.Unless2.--Mom,cantwatchTVnow?--No.You

watchTV

youhavefinishedyourhomework.A.can’t;ifB.mustn’t;unlessC.may;unlessD.should;if1.“只要”引導(dǎo)詞用法so/aslongas意為只要。e.g.Aslongasyouarehere,Iwillbefine.e.g.Myrulerisaslongasyours.【區(qū)分】意為和...一樣長(zhǎng)。Exercises:1.Amother’slovewillstaywithachild

heneedsit.A.aslongasB.asmuchasC.asmanyasD.asfaras2.---Ithinkusingcomputerscreensarebadforoureyes.---Buttheywillbehelpfulforus

weputthemintogooduse.A.assoonB.aslongasC.untilD.sothat

4.★時(shí)態(tài)口訣：

主將從現(xiàn)

，

主情從現(xiàn)

，

主祈從現(xiàn)

，

真理永一現(xiàn)

。e.g.Pandawillsitinthetreeifhefeelshappy.Sitinthetreeifyoufeelhappy.Youcansitinthetreeifyoufeelhappy.Iftemperatureisbelow0℃，waterturnsintoice.★在主將從現(xiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般將來(lái)時(shí)只能用will，不能用begoingto。九、目的狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞用法sothat意為為了，以便于。e.g.Weareclimbinghighersothatwecangetabetterview.inorderthat意為為了，以便于。e.g.IamgoingtotakedrivinglessonsinorderthatIcandrive.【課堂練習(xí)】1.Theboysavedeverycoin

hecouldbuyhismotherapresent.A.inorderto B.because C.sothat D.however2.Nowadays,laptopisbecomingsmallerandsmaller

itcanbecarriedaround

.A.sothat;eas