有機(jī)化學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料

有機(jī)化學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料一、系統(tǒng)命名法命名OO1、尿素O2、乙酰輔酶A：CH3—C—S—CoA+HO—P—O-H2N—C—NH2OHOH3、丙酮酸CH3COCOOH4、乳酸CH3—CH—COOH5、X—葡萄糖（哈武斯式）H6、異戊二烯CH2=CH—C=CH27、甘氨酸H—C—COOHCH3NH2二、官能基團(tuán)或鍵的結(jié)構(gòu)O1、羥基：—OH2、羰基：C=O3、醛基：—C—H4、甲基：—CH35、羧基：—C—OH6、氨基—NH2OO7、硝基：—N→O8、乙酰基：—O=C—CH3OOH9、磺酸基：—S—OH10、酰胺鍵（肽鍵）：—C—N—O三、C5H12O的所有異構(gòu)體，命名并指出伯、仲、叔醇。⑴CH2CH2CH2CH2CH31-戊醇伯⑵CH3CHCH2CH2CH32-戊醇仲OHOH⑶CH3CH2CHCH2CH33-戊醇仲⑷CH2CHCH2CH32-甲基-1-丁醇伯OHOHCH3CH3⑸CH2CH2CHCH33-甲基-1-丁醇伯⑹CH3CH2CCH32-甲基-2-丁醇叔OHCH3OHCH3⑺CH3CHCHCH33-甲基-2-丁醇仲⑻CH3CCHCH33-甲基-2-丁醇仲OHCH3CH3⑼CH3—O—(CH2)3CH3甲丁醚⑽CH3CH2—O—CH2CH2CH3甲丙醚CH3CH3⑾CH3CHCH2—O—CH3甲基異丁醚⑿CH3C—O—CH3CH3CH3⒀CH3CH2CH—O—CH3甲基仲丁基醚⒁CH3CH—O—CH2CH3甲基異丙基醚CH3四、寫化學(xué)方程式乙醇→乙醛→乙羧→乙酸乙酯O⑴CH3CH2OHCH3C—H氧化或脫氫OO⑵CH3—C—HCH3—C—OH氧化O⑶CH3—C—OH+CH3CH2OHCH3—C—O—CH2CH3+H2O五、完成反映方程式O—C3H71、CH3CH3H2、CH3-C-CH3=CH-CH3+HBr→CH3—C—CH2—CH3Br3、4、CH3CH2OHCH2=CH2+H2O5、+NaOH→+H2O六、鑒別丁烷、1-丁烯、1-丁炔寫出相應(yīng)反映方程式丁烷-→X→x1-丁烯-（Br2/CCL4）—→溴水褪色1-丁炔-→……→灰白色沉淀CH2CH2-CH=CH2+Br2=CH3CH2-CH-CH2BrBrCH3CH2-C≡CH+Ag(NH3)2+→CH3CH2C≡CAg↓七、分離己醇、己酸和對(duì)甲苯酸的混合物己醇—水層—已酸鈉己酸—水層對(duì)甲苯酸鈉己酸己酸+NaHCO3(H2O)—己醇+NaOH(H2O)—有機(jī)層己醇對(duì)甲苯酸—有機(jī)層—對(duì)甲苯酸八、寫出一磷酸腺苷（AMP）結(jié)構(gòu)式九、p268例10-3解：A,B能使Br2/CCl4褪色說明它們是不飽和烴，由分子式推測它們可能是炔烴或雙烯烴。A與Ag(NH3)2+作用產(chǎn)生白色沉淀，說明他是末端炔烴。A經(jīng)氧化生成CH3CH2COOH及CO2，說明A的結(jié)構(gòu)為CH3CH2C≡B不與Ag(NH3)2+作用說明不含末端炔氫，B經(jīng)氧化生成HOOCCOOH及CO2，說明B的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為CH2=CH—CH=CH2十、按H+或OH-增強(qiáng)順序排列CLCLH+:CH3CH2CH2OH<H2O<CH3CH2COOH<CH3CHCOOH<CH3-C-COOHCLOH-:CH3CONH2<NH2CONH2<(CH3CH2)2NH<(CH3CH2)4N+Br