專題09非謂語動(dòng)詞-2023年中考總復(fù)習(xí)真題探究與變式訓(xùn)練（原卷版）

專題09非謂語動(dòng)詞命題方向重要指數(shù)考向一動(dòng)詞不定式（必考點(diǎn)）考向二動(dòng)名詞（?？键c(diǎn)）考向一動(dòng)詞不定式例1（2022·江蘇鹽城·中考真題）（動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語）GoodnewsesthatChinahassentShenzhouXIVtospace________theunknownworld.A．explore B．explored C．exploring D．toexplore例2（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）（動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)）Thehighschoolinvitedafamousscientist_______atalkonWorldEarthDay.A．giving B．togive C．give D．given例3（2022·江蘇連云港·中考真題）（不定式的常見句型tooadj/adv+todosth）Kitty,thesebooksare________heavyforyou________carry.Letmehelpyou.A．a(chǎn)s…as B．too…to C．such…that D．so…that例4（2022·江蘇連云港·中考真題）（疑問詞+todo作賓語）Welearned________toworkasateambypletingthetask.A．what B．which C．how D．who例5（2021·江蘇南通·中考真題）（不定式的常見句型adj.enoughtodo）Themunityworkerispatientenough________totheoldhowtouseHealthCode(碼).A．explain B．explains C．toexplain D．explaining動(dòng)詞不定式在中考語法項(xiàng)目中，主要考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、目的狀語。動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，有時(shí)to省略，直接由動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。否定式由“notto+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。如：Wedecidedtogoonhikingthoughweweretired.雖然我們很累，但是我們決定繼續(xù)遠(yuǎn)足。Thegirltriednottowakeuphermother.這女孩盡量不吵醒她媽媽。1.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語（1）接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞（“動(dòng)詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)）常見的有：learn學(xué)會(huì)plan計(jì)劃decide決定try盡力choose選擇agree同意refuse拒絕pretend假裝offer主動(dòng)wouldlike/want想要expect期望hope/wish希望promise承諾afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起prefer喜歡help幫助(helptodo/helpdo)like喜歡(liketodo/doing)continue繼續(xù)(continuetodo/doing)begin/start開始(begin/starttodo/doing)如：Iwouldliketohaveasandwich.我想要吃一個(gè)三明治。（2）動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式賓語。如：Wefounditdifficulttounderstandwhatyousaid.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難理解你所說的話。（3）有的動(dòng)詞在不定式前可加上疑問詞（who，what，which等）作賓語（即“動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)），常見的有：show表明、指示；know知道；tell告訴；teach教；learn學(xué)習(xí)；decide決定。如：Larrydidn’tknowhowtotellherthebadnews.拉里不知道如何告訴她這個(gè)壞消息。2.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語（1）接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞+sb.+todo結(jié)構(gòu)，否定式“動(dòng)詞+sb.+nottodo”）常見的有：tell告訴ask請(qǐng)order命令warn警告teach教want想要require要求wish希望expect期望encourage鼓勵(lì)allow允許invite邀請(qǐng)advise建議force強(qiáng)迫如：Doyouwantmetofindoutthephonenumber?你想要我找出那個(gè)號(hào)碼嗎？（2）有些及物動(dòng)詞，接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)（動(dòng)詞+sb.+do），要省略to。這類及物動(dòng)詞常見的有：let讓make使have使see看見watch注視hear聽到notice注意到feel感覺起來被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要還原to，如makesb.do被動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)閟b.bemadetodo。如：Isawhimreadinthelibraryyesterday.我昨天看到他在圖書館閱讀3.動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語不定式作目的狀語，可放在句首或句末。to表示目的、為了。如：Tolearnmathwell,youmustdomoreexercises.為了學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)，你必須多做練習(xí)。Wecameheretoaskyouforhelp.我們來這是為了向你尋求幫助。4.不定式的常見句型【變式1】（2022·江蘇·揚(yáng)州市江都區(qū)第三中學(xué)二模）Manyscientistsstayinthewetlands________thebirds’changesinnumbers.A．paring B．topare C．pared D．pare【變式2】（2022·江蘇·鹽城市鹽都區(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn)初中一模）Themethodwethoughtof________theproblemprovedtobecorrect.A．tosolve B．solving C．solved D．solves【變式3】（2022·江蘇·沛縣教師發(fā)展中心模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Whatshouldwedotoprotectourenvironment?—Weshoulddosomething________theairandwater________beingpolluted.A．protect;from B．toprotect;from C．keep;from D．tokeep;for【變式4】（2022·江蘇南通·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）________ourselvessafefromdanger,weshouldwearhelmetswhenridingelectronicbikes.A．Keep B．Tokeep C．Keeping D．Kept【變式5】（2022·江蘇泰州·二模）BecauseofthewidespreadofthevirusOmicron,thegovernmentencouragespeople________indoorsinsteadofgoingtoanyplace________withcrowdsofpeopleduringholidays.A．staying;filling B．tostay;tofillC．staying;filled D．tostay;filled【變式6】（2022·江蘇鹽城·二模）InordertoprotecttheEarth,wehavenochoicebut________againstallkindsofpollution.A．fighting B．tofight C．fight D．fought【變式7】（2022·江蘇連云港·二模）Withsomuchwork,LiMingmanaged________abalancebetweenhisstudyandhobby.A．a(chǎn)chieve B．a(chǎn)chieving C．toachieve D．toachieving【變式8】（2022·江蘇·蘇州市平江中學(xué)校一模）________moreabouttheDIYcourseatweekends,visitthewebsite.A．Know B．Knew C．Knowing D．Toknow【變式9】（2022·江蘇南京·二模）Inordertomakeanarticleorganized,thefirststepis________achart.A．make B．made C．tomake D．tobemade【變式10】（2022·江蘇·二模）Wefoundhim________with.He’squiteaneasygoingguy.A．easilytowork B．easilyworking C．easytowork D．easyworking【變式11】（2022·江蘇宿遷·一模）GuAilingtriestodoeverythingshecan________thegoldmedalforChina.A．winning B．towin C．win D．won【變式12】（2022·江蘇·連云港市新海實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)二模）—Whydoesn’tthesurgeonstop________lunch?—Becauseheistoobusysavingadyingpatientintheoperationroom.A．having B．have C．tohave D．had【變式13】（2022·江蘇南京·一模）MissLiadvisedthestudentswhoareweakinEnglish________aloudeverymorning.A．read B．reading C．toread D．reads【變式14】（2022·江蘇南通·一模）—Look!TherobotcalledXiaobaiismovingaround________peopletowearmasks.—Wow,it’sreallytalking!A．remind B．reminds C．reminding D．toremind【變式15】（2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州·一模）—Thewaywethoughtof________themachineworkingisprovedtobeuseful.—Youarequiteclever.A．tokeep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps【變式16】（2021·江蘇·蘇州高新區(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn)初級(jí)中學(xué)三模）TheChinesegovernmentwarnspeople________toothercountriesifthereisnorealneed.A．don’ttravel B．nottravelling C．nottotravel D．nottravel【變式17】（2022·江蘇蘇州·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Whatshouldwepayattentionto________mistakesduringtheexams?—Somedetails.A．a(chǎn)voidingmaking B．a(chǎn)voidtomake C．toavoidmaking D．toavoidtomake【變式18】（2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州·二模）Theofficerrefused________themanenterthehallbecausehedidn’twearamask.A．let B．tolet C．lets D．letting【變式19】（2021·江蘇徐州·二模）Becareful,Jack.It’sdangerous________thephonewhiledriving.A．a(chǎn)nswer B．toanswer C．a(chǎn)nswering D．a(chǎn)nswers【變式20】（2021·江蘇宿遷·一模）________,itisnecessaryforus________asmuchtimeaspossiblepracticingspeakingEnglishafterclass.A．Instead;tospend B．Insteadof;spending C．Insteadof;tospend D．Instead;spending【變式21】（2021·江蘇·南通市通州區(qū)育才中學(xué)二模）Boysandgirls,attention,please!Wearenotallowed________photoshere.A．taking B．totake C．take D．taken考向二動(dòng)名詞例1（2021·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）（動(dòng)名詞作賓語）—Chinaisgettingbetterandbetteratmakinghightechnologyproducts.—That’sright.Peoplearoundtheworldcanhardlyavoid________theseproductsmadeinChina.A．tobuy B．nottobuy C．buying D．notbuying例2（2020·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）（含動(dòng)名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)）AlotofmuseumsinChinaareworth___________.Ifyouhavetime,youcanchoosetogo.A．visited B．visiting C．tovisit D．visit動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞是一種兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞特征的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。其構(gòu)成法與現(xiàn)在分詞一樣，有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，其否定形式直接在動(dòng)名詞前加not即可。1.動(dòng)名詞的作用動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。(1)作主語如：Readingisanart.讀書是一種藝術(shù)。Playingbasketballisinteresting.打籃球很有趣(2)作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)，句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。作表語的動(dòng)名詞與主語通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置。如：Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.→Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.→BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。(3)作賓語①作動(dòng)詞的賓語某些動(dòng)詞后只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動(dòng)詞(詞組)有：advise,allow,permit,avoid,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,practice,giveup,suggest,keepon,can'thelp(情不自禁)等。如：Ihavealreadyfinishedreadingthisbook.我已經(jīng)讀完這本書了。②作介詞的賓語介詞后如果接動(dòng)詞作賓語，常要用動(dòng)名詞形式。如：thinkabout,worryabout,be/getusedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto等。如：Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制訂新的計(jì)劃。We'relookingforwardtoreceivingyourletter.我們盼望收到你的來信。③作形容詞的賓語如：Wearebusypreparingfortheingsportsmeeting.我們正為馬上到來的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)忙著做準(zhǔn)備。(4)作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如：awalkingstick拐杖awashingmachine洗衣機(jī)areadingroom閱覽室2.含有動(dòng)名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.做某事是沒有用的bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事spendtime/moneydoingsth.花時(shí)間/錢做某事havedifficulty/fun/problemsdoingsth.做某事有困難/樂趣【易錯(cuò)警示】三、既可以接不定式又可以接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞1.有的動(dòng)詞后面既可接動(dòng)詞不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，意義不變。如：begin,start,hate,like,love等。2.有些動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別較大。如：forgettodosth.忘記要做某事(事還沒做)forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事(事已做)remembertodosth.記得要做某事(事還沒做)rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事(事已做)stoptodosth.停下來去做某事(去做另一件事)stopdoingsth.停止做某事(不做了)trytodosth.努力做某事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事goontodosth.繼續(xù)去做某事(繼續(xù)做不同的事)goondoingsth.繼續(xù)不停地做某事(同一動(dòng)作的繼續(xù))如：Don'tforgettoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.你離開前別忘記關(guān)窗戶。HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport?你忘了在北京機(jī)場(chǎng)已經(jīng)見過她了嗎？【變式1】（2022·江蘇·揚(yáng)州中學(xué)教育集團(tuán)樹人學(xué)校三模）Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto________someschoolsforpoorchildren.A．setup B．settingup C．havesetup D．havingsetup【變式2】（2022·江蘇·蘇州市金閶實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)校一模）Theproblemisalittlebitplicated(復(fù)雜的).Itneeds________again.A．discussed B．discussing C．discuss D．todiscuss【變式3】（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Mybrotherisgoodat________.A．toswim B．swim C．swam D．swimming【變式4】（2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州·一模）—Jenny,doyouthinkthewildanimalswilldisappearfromtheEarthoneday?—Unlesshumans________thewildanimals.A．stoptohunt B．stophunting C．willstoptohunt D．willstophunting【變式5】（2022·江蘇鹽城·一模）—Whatgreatfunwehad________intheriverlastSunday!—Well.let’sgothereagainnextweekend.A．toswim B．inswiming C．swum D．swimming【變式6】（2022·江蘇·蘇州工業(yè)園區(qū)星匯學(xué)校一模）—Nowadaysstudentsareused________coursesonline.—True.Anewapp,TencentMeeting,isoftenused________lessons.A．totaking;togiving B．totake;togiveC．totaking;togive D．totake;togiving【變式7】（2022·江蘇南京·一模）EncouragedbytheBeijingWinterOlympics,manyyoungpeoplebegantolearnandpractice________.A．skate B．skated C．skating D．toskate【變式8】（2022·江蘇南京·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Timmylooksunhappy.Doyouknowwhy?—Iwasabitrudejustnow.Inowregret________thosebadwords.A．say B．said C．saying D．tosay【變式9】（2022·江蘇·揚(yáng)州市邗江區(qū)梅苑雙語學(xué)校一模）—Whatmadehimsomanyenemies?—severalputersystems.A．Breakinto B．Breakin C．Breakinginto D．Breakingin【變式10】（2022·江蘇南京·二模）__________theputerscreenfortoolongmaycausedamage________oureyes.A．Watches;on B．Watching;to C．Towatch;of D．Watching;for【變式11】（2022·江蘇·連云港市新海實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)二模）Idon’tmind________youwithyourEnglish.A．help B．helps C．helping D．tohelp【變式12】（2022·江蘇·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Thepoliceinsistedon________thesceneofthecrimetolookformorecluestothemurder.A．check B．checking C．checked D．tocheck【變式13】（2022·江蘇·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Haveyouconsidered__________EnglishinanEnglishspeakingcountry?—Notyet.I’mnotencouraged__________abroadbecauseofCOVID19.A．learning;togo B．learning;going C．tolearn;togo D．tolearn;going【變式14】（2022·黑龍江·哈爾濱市第六十九中學(xué)校二模）Everytimeshewenttoseethatsadmovie,sheendedup________hereyesout.A．tocry B．crying C．cry【變式15】（2022·重慶開州·二模）AlthoughwebegantolearnEnglish3yearsago,westillhavetrouble________thenewwords.A．remember B．remembering C．toremember D．ofremembering【變式16】（2022·上海楊浦·二模）Withthehelpofhisfriends,hefinished________thefenceintwohours.A．paint B．painting C．topaint D．painted【變式17】（2022·湖南邵陽·三模）—Don’tmakeanynoise.Yourbrotherisbusy________forhisexam.—Okay,mom.Iwillbequietathome.A．toprepare B．preparing C．prepares【變式18】（2022·重慶巴蜀中學(xué)二模）Aswearerunningoutoftime,Isuggest________ataxitogothere.A．take B．took C．totake D．taking【變式19】（2022·吉林長(zhǎng)春·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—HowcanIimprovemypronunciation,Madam?—Keepon________andyou’llmakeprogress.A．practice B．practicing C．topractice D．practiced【變式20】（2022·黑龍江雞西·三模）Jimhasthemostbooksinourclass.Hespendsasmuchtimeashecan________.A．reads B．read C．reading【變式21】（2022·黑龍江哈爾濱·二模）—Thisyear,thebiggestchangeinmylifeisfromthe“doublereductionpolicy”(雙減政策).—Ithinkso.Ispendmyweekendsreadingbooks,listeningtomusicrather