2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit5RevealingnatureDevelopingideas素養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià)含解析外研版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

PAGE11-課時(shí)素養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià)十五Unit5DevelopingideasⅠ.用單詞的正確形式填空1.SomebelieveintheexistenceoflifeonMars,whileothersconsideritasamyth(mythic).2.Theuseofpesticides(pesticide)andfertilizersproducescheapgrainandvegetables.3.AgreatdealofJapanesecultureandreligionhadbeenadapted(adapt)fromtheoldercivilization.4.Inrecentyears,astronomershavedetected(detect)manyorganicmoleculesinspace.

5.However,themostlegendary(legend)figureshouldbeZhuangZedong.6.Ipulledgentlyathisarm,butitseemedasifhehadforgottenmyexistence(exist).7.Batsaresurprisingly(surprise)long-livedcreatures,somehavingalifespanofaround20years.8.Nobodywasinjured(injure)intheexplosion,butthebuildingwascompletelydestroyed.9.RecentdecadeshaveseenChinamakemanyscientific(science)achievements.10.Don’ttouchthecameralinked(link)tothepowerfulcomputer.

Ⅱ.選詞填空aswellas,givesb.someadviceto,besaidtodo,beknownfor,callfor,learnabout,insomeways,belinkedto,sendsb.to,prevent...from1.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldgivemesomeadvicetolearnEnglish.

2.TodayChinaattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.

3.Thereisconvincingevidencethatskincancerislinkedtoexposuretothesun.

4.IwasabouttogotobedwhenIheardsomeonecallforhelp.

5.Petsareamusingandentertaining,butweareinsomewaysdoinganimalsharm.

6.Thoughlackinginmoney,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtoauniversity.

7.Somemeasureshavebeentakentopreventtheenvironmentfrombeingdestroyed.8.Harbinisknownforthebeautifuliceandsnow.

9.Heissaidtohaveleftthestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.

10.Icanneverstoptheloveforreadingbecausebooksarelikegoodfriendsaswellaswiseteachersinmylife.

Ⅲ.完成句子1.YaoMingissaidtohaveplayedbasketballontheNBArocketsfortenyears.

據(jù)說(shuō)姚明在NBA火箭隊(duì)打過(guò)十年的籃球。2.DoctorshavetakenvariousmeasurestopreventpeoplefrombeinginfectedwiththevirusinChina.

中國(guó)的醫(yī)生已經(jīng)實(shí)行了各種各樣的措施來(lái)阻擋人們感染病毒。3.DoctorLiaswellasseveralotherdoctorshasfoundthattheviruscanspreadfrompersontopersonrecently.李醫(yī)生還有其他幾位醫(yī)生最近已經(jīng)發(fā)覺(jué)了這個(gè)病毒可以人傳人。

4.Asisknowntous,thethreelettersPLAstandfortheChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy.

眾所周知,PLA這三個(gè)字母代表的是中國(guó)人民解放軍。5.Withalocalguideleadingtheway,wegotthereeasily.

在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的帶領(lǐng)下,我們很簡(jiǎn)單就到了那里。Ⅰ.閱讀理解HaveyoueverbeentotheForbiddenCity,whichisaplacefullofwonders.Fromitsthousandsofroomstoitsmanybeautifulartifacts,there’snowonderit’soneofChina’smostpopulartouristdestinations.Butevenmorethan600yearsafteritwasbuilt,it’sstillmanagingtoserveupsurprise.SinceitwasbuiltduringtheMingDynasty,it’sestimatedthattheForbiddenCityhassurvivedmorethan200earthquakes.Andwhilemoststructuresaren’tmadetosurvivenaturaldisasters,letaloneonesbuilthundredsofyearsago,itseemsthattheForbiddenCitywasbuilttoresistanything.AtelevisiondocumentarybyUKbroadcasterChannel4exploredtheskillsoftheancientbuilding’sdesigners.AgroupofChinesecarpentersandengineerswereshownbuildingascalemodelofoneoftheForbiddenCity’spalaces,atonefifthofthesize.ToshowhowstrongancientChinesearchitecturereallyis,themodelwasputtothetest.Itwassubjectedtosimulated(模擬)earthquakeof9.5ontheRichterscale—equaltothelargesteverrecordedquake—andsurvived.Insteadofbeingdestroyed,themodelwasjustmovedgentlyduringthetest.

Accordingtoexperts,theanswertotheForbiddenCity’sstrength,aswellasotherancientChinesestructures,liesindougong—acenturies-oldbuildingmethodinventedinChina.Thisisthenameforspecialbrackets(托架,支架)onbuildings.Despitebeingheldtogetherwithoutanynailsorglue,thebracketsareperfectatkeepingstructurestogetherwhentheweathergetsrough.“Dougongdesignisanimportantearthquake—resistantfeatureofclassicalChinesestructuresbecausetheframeworkchangesinshapewhenunderpressure,muchliketheshockabsorbers(減震器)ofcar,”accordingtoChineseNationalGeography.TheForbiddenCityattractsvisitorsbecauseofitsrichhistoryandculturalsignificance,butperhapsitshouldaddonemorethingtoitslistofattractions:earthquakeshelter.【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了北京故宮的斗拱設(shè)計(jì),這種設(shè)計(jì)使故宮里的建筑經(jīng)驗(yàn)多次地震仍舊能夠保存完好。1.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A.WhathasmadetheForbiddenCityapopulartouristdestination.B.ThecharacteristicsofChinesearchitectureduringtheMingDynasty.C.AvarietyofbuildingmethodsusedinancientChinesestructures.D.WhathashelpedtheForbiddenCitysurvivesomanyearthquakes.【解析】選D。主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容,特殊是倒數(shù)其次段中的“Dougongdesignisanimportantearthquake—resistantfeatureofclassicalChinesestructuresbecausetheframeworkchangesinshapewhenunderpressure”可知,斗拱設(shè)計(jì)幫助故宮里的建筑在多次地震中幸存。故選D。2.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedphrase“wassubjectedto”inParagraph4?A.Obeyed.B.Controlled.C.Suffered. D.Affected.【解析】選C。詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)畫(huà)線處前的“ToshowhowstrongancientChinesearchitecturereallyis,themodelwasputtothetest”以及下文可知,為了證明中國(guó)古建筑的抗震性,這個(gè)模型做了測(cè)試。在測(cè)試中,斗拱模型經(jīng)受了一場(chǎng)里氏9.5級(jí)的模擬地震,由此可知畫(huà)線處意為“經(jīng)受”。故選C。3.WhatistheaimofthetestintheUKdocumentary?A.ToreproducearealearthquakefromtheMingDynasty.B.ToprovethestrengthofancientChinesearchitecture.C.Toexplaintheimpactofearthquakesonancientbuildings.D.Todiscoveralong-lostChinesebuildingmethod.【解析】選B。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“ToshowhowstrongancientChinesearchitecturereallyis,themodelwasputtothetest”可知,測(cè)試的目的是證明中國(guó)古建筑的抗震性。故選B。4.Whatis“dougong”accordingtothetext?A.ApaintthatgivesChinesebuildingsanattractivelook.B.Atoolusedbyancientpeopletomeasureearthquakes.C.AbuildingpiecelocatedinthecentreofatraditionalChinesehouse.D.AspecialbuildingmethodthatkeepsatraditionalChinesebuildingstrong.【解析】選D。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段中的“dougong—acenturies-oldbuildingmethodinventedinChina.Thisisthenameforspecialbracketsonbuildings”可知,斗拱是將中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑物牢牢組裝在一起的一種特殊建筑方法。故選D。Ⅱ.閱讀填句依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Withthefastpaceofmodernsociety,moreandmorepeoplechoosetoeatprocessedfoodswithoutexactlyknowingtheharm.Accordingtothefollowinginformation,let’sknowmoreabouttheprocessedfoods.What’ssobadaboutprocessedfoods?Processedfoodslikechips,sodaandfrozenpizzasarefullofsalt,sugarandfat.1Obesityisaconditioninvolvingtoomuchbodyfat.Itincreasestheriskofmanyhealthproblems.

2

Theresearcherssayprocessedfoodsaremademostlyofindustrializedmaterialsandadditives.Soda,packagedcookies,instantnoodlesandchickennuggetsaresomeexamplesofhighlyprocessedfoods.Butproductsthatcanseemhealthy,suchasmorningcereals,energybarsandsomekindsofyogurtbelongtothiskind,too.What’swrongwithprocessedfoods?ResearchersattheNationalInstitutesofHealthconductedafour-weekstudyinvolving20people.3Theresearcherspermittedthe20participantstoeatasmuchoraslittleastheywanted.Theyweretakentoamedicalcentersotheirhealthandbehaviorcouldbeobserved.

Inanotherstudy,researchersinFrancefoundpeoplewhoatemoreprocessedfoodsweremorelikelytohaveheartdisease.AsimilarstudyinSpainlinkedeatingmoreprocessedfoodstoahigherriskofdeathingeneral.Whywillyoueatprocessedfoods?4Especially,peoplehavelimitedtimeandmoney.Choosingprocessedfoodscansavetimeanditisdeliciouswithsomeadditivethingsinit.

Thescientistsalsofoundthatpeopleateprocessedfoodsmorequickly.KevinHallisoneoftheresearcherswholedthestudy.HetoldtheAPthatprocessedfoodsareusually“softerandeasiertochewandswallow”.5

A.Whatdoprocessedfoodsmean?B.Avoidprocessedfoodscanbehard.C.It’snogoodforyoutochooseprocessedfoods.D.What’sthedisadvantagesoftheprocessedfoods?E.Theabovereasonscanaccountfortheharmofprocessedfoodclearly.F.Scientistshavealreadylinkedpackagedfoodstorisingobesityratesaroundtheworld.G.Theyfoundthatpeopleeatabout500morecaloriesadaywhenfedmostlyprocessedfoods.【文章大意】文章說(shuō)明白人們吃加工食品的緣由和危害。1.【解析】選F。依據(jù)前一句Processedfoodslikechips,sodaandfrozenpizzasarefullofsalt,sugarandfat(像薯?xiàng)l、蘇打水和冷凍比薩這樣的加工食品含有大量的鹽、糖和脂肪)可知,設(shè)空處與該句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,F項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家已經(jīng)將包裝食品與全球不斷上升的肥胖率聯(lián)系起來(lái)”符合題意,故選F。2.【解析】選A。依據(jù)下一句Theresearcherssayprocessedfoodsaremademostlyofindustrializedmaterialsandadditives(探討人員說(shuō),加工食品主要是由工業(yè)化的材料和添加劑組成的)可知,設(shè)空處與該句構(gòu)成說(shuō)明關(guān)系,A項(xiàng)“加工食品是什么意思?”符合題意,故選A。3.【解析】選G。依據(jù)下一句Theresearcherspermittedthe20participantstoeatasmuchoraslittleastheywanted(探討人員允許20名參加者想吃多少就吃多少)可知,設(shè)空處與該句構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,G項(xiàng)“他們發(fā)覺(jué),人們每天多吃500多卡路里的加工食品”符合題意,故選G。4.【解析】選B。依據(jù)下文Especially,peoplehavelimitedtimeandmoney.Choosingprocessedfoodscansavetimeanditisdeliciouswithsomeadditivethingsinit(特殊是,人們的時(shí)間和金錢(qián)有限。選擇加工食品可以節(jié)約時(shí)間,并且因?yàn)橐恍┨砑觿┧晕兜酪膊诲e(cuò))可知,設(shè)空處與該句構(gòu)成說(shuō)明關(guān)系,B項(xiàng)“避開(kāi)加工食品可能很難”符合題意,故選B。5.【解析】選E。依據(jù)最終一個(gè)空的位置可知,是對(duì)上文的緣由進(jìn)行一個(gè)小結(jié),因此此處的意思應(yīng)當(dāng)是“以上緣由可以清晰地說(shuō)明加工食品的危害”,故選E。Ⅰ.完形填空MyteacherMrBushisthemostpositivepersonI’veevermet.Hehastheabilityto1positivenesstoyoungstudents.

Healwayssmilesandnevergets2atstudents.OnceImetsome3becauseIfeltovershadowedbymybrother,whoseemedtobedoinggreatineveryway.Hopelessness4mewheneverIwasinaclassroom.Butthatall5whenImetmyteacherforlife,MrBush.Havingfoundoutaboutmyproblems,hejustkept6me.BecauseofMrBush,myworldwasfilledwith7andpower.

Afewweeksago,everyoneinmyclasswasfeelingabit8becauseofabaddayatschool.Butthingsgot9afteracloseofMrBush’sclass.Hedrewapictureonthewhiteboardthat10ahalf-fullglassofwater.Hethensaid,“Class,thepointofviewinwhichyoulookatthingswill11yourfeelings.Likethisglassofwater;somepeopleseeitandthink‘What!Onlyhalfaglassofwater.How12Iam.’Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow,I’msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme!’Itallisinthe13youthink.”

MrBush’s14wayofthinkingalwaysmakesmefeelgladand15.Iwillalwaysrememberhim.

【文章大意】本文屬于記敘文閱讀,作者通過(guò)這篇文章主要向我們描述了“我”的老師布什先生,他對(duì)“我”的幫助很大。1.A.passonB.applyforC.consistofD.giveup【解析】選A?？疾槎陶Z(yǔ)辨析。passon傳遞;applyfor申請(qǐng);consistof包括;giveup放棄。他有實(shí)力把主動(dòng)的一面?zhèn)鬟f給年輕學(xué)生。故選A。2.A.strict B.patient C.mad D.curious【解析】選C?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。strict嚴(yán)格的;patient耐性的;mad瘋狂的;curious新奇的。他總是微笑,從不生學(xué)生的氣。故選C。3.A.friends B.needsC.realities D.difficulties【解析】選D?？疾槊~辨析。friends摯友;needs須要;realities現(xiàn)實(shí);difficulties困難。有一次,我遇到了一些困難,因?yàn)槲业母绺缃o我蒙上了陰影,他好像在各個(gè)方面都做得很好。故選D。4.A.drowned B.resisted C.cured D.relaxed【解析】選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。drowned溺水;resisted反抗;cured治愈;relaxed放松。每當(dāng)我在教室里,無(wú)望就沉沒(méi)了我。故選A。5.A.happened B.changed C.solved D.included【解析】選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。happened發(fā)生;changed更改;solved解決;included包括。但當(dāng)我見(jiàn)到我的終身老師,布什先生時(shí),一切都變了。他發(fā)覺(jué)了我的問(wèn)題,就始終激勵(lì)我。故選B。6.A.forgiving B.calming C.encouraging D.calling【解析】選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。forgiving寬恕;calming安靜;encouraging鼓舞;calling呼叫。但當(dāng)我見(jiàn)到我的終身老師,布什先生時(shí),一切都變了。他發(fā)覺(jué)了我的問(wèn)題,就始終激勵(lì)我。故選C。7.A.sunshine B.fearC.surprise D.disappointment【解析】選A?？疾槊~辨析。sunshine陽(yáng)光;fear恐驚;surprise驚喜;disappointment悲觀。因?yàn)椴际蚕壬?我的世界充溢了力氣。故選A。8.A.cheerful B.down C.eager D.afraid【解析】選B。考查形容詞辨析。cheerful開(kāi)朗的;down懊喪的;eager急迫的;afraid膽怯 的。幾周前,因?yàn)閷W(xué)校的一天不好,我們班上的每個(gè)人都感到有點(diǎn)懊喪。故選B。9.A.warmer B.higher C.better D.happier【解析】選C。考查形容詞辨析。warmer更暖;higher更高;better更好;happier更歡樂(lè);但在布什先生的課結(jié)束后,狀況有所好轉(zhuǎn)。故選C。10.A.served B.filled C.bought D.showed【解析】選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。served服務(wù);filled填充;bought購(gòu)買(mǎi);showed展示。他在白板上畫(huà)了一幅畫(huà),畫(huà)的是半杯水。故選D。11.A.hurt B.careabout C.giveaway D.affect【解析】選D?？疾閱卧~短語(yǔ)辨析。hurt受傷;careabout關(guān)切;giveaway贈(zèng)送;affect影響;他接著說(shuō),“同學(xué)們,你看事情的角度會(huì)影響你的感受。故選D。12.A.pleased B.unfortunateC.bright D.perfect【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。pleased興奮的;unfortunate不幸的;bright光明的;perfect完備的;“我真不幸?！倍渌藙t認(rèn)為“哇,我太渴了。太好了!”故選B。13.A.way B.direction C.end D.past【解析】選A?？疾槊~辨析。way方式;direction方向;end結(jié)束;past過(guò)去;這一切都在于你思索的方式。故選A。14.A.different B.optimisticC.special D.important【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。different不同的;optimistic樂(lè)觀的;special特殊的;important重要的。布什先生樂(lè)觀的思維方式總是讓我感到興奮和充溢希望。故選B。15.A.proud B.carefulC.lonely D.hopeful【解析】選D?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。proud傲慢的;careful當(dāng)心的;lonely孤獨(dú)的;hopeful充溢希望的。布什先生樂(lè)觀的思維方式總是讓我感到興奮和充溢希望。故選D。Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。DoyouDouyin?Gotamoment—or,perhaps,15seconds?Intheageoffragmented(碎片化的)time,Douyin,whichisamassivehitinChinarightnow,canperfectlyfillinthegapswhenpeoplehavenothing1.___________(good)todobetweentwoevents;itsdailyplays2.___________(spread)overonebillioninthepastfewyears.TheMeipai(美拍)-likeappallowsuserstoproducecreativeshortvideosthatcombinemusicwithmouthshapesorbodymoves.Theycandance,sing,cookordo3.theirheartsdesire.

LaunchedinSeptember2024,Douyin4.___________(own)byZhangYiming,oneofChina’stoptechleaders;hechairsByteDance.SimilartohowMeipaiworked5.atime-limitedvideoplatform(平臺(tái)),Douyinisa6.___________(collect)ofbrief15-secondmusicvideos,mainlyfocusedonyoungpeople,7.it’scertainlysuitableforallages.

Ontheplatform,childishandstrangebehaviorsare8.(total)acceptable.Inhigh-pressureworld,it