新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)考向25 閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文類(原卷版)

考向25閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文類【命題趨勢】1.考點(diǎn)趨勢：今后對語篇領(lǐng)悟能力的檢測仍是高考的重點(diǎn)和基本點(diǎn)，同時(shí)還需關(guān)注對主旨大意題和文章結(jié)構(gòu)題的考查。2.理解層次趨勢：表層意義理解題減少，深層含義理解題增多?？疾殡y度有所增加，由簡單尋找信息向多層次細(xì)節(jié)推理的趨勢比較明顯。3.信息量和詞匯量：閱讀理解材料信息濃縮，詞匯總量減少，但對詞匯量的考查在加大，非考綱詞匯有所增加(主要為詞根加上前、后綴或有詞義轉(zhuǎn)化的詞)。旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握詞匯的合成、派生和轉(zhuǎn)化，讓考生能通過上下文或構(gòu)詞法來理解詞匯的含義?！犊荚囌f明》中＂根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義＂這一新要求預(yù)示對能力要求有所提高。4.句子的難度：長句增多，句子難度加大。復(fù)合句、省略句、倒裝句和插入語等語言現(xiàn)象普遍。5.體裁和題材：繼續(xù)體現(xiàn)體裁和題材多樣化，并彰顯英語國家語言與文化特點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)化文化意識(shí)的滲透。題材涉獵廣泛，體現(xiàn)＂語言是文化的載體＂這一理念?！緫?yīng)試指導(dǎo)】應(yīng)用文是最貼近日常生活的文體，它包括通知、廣告、便條、申請書、個(gè)人簡介、商品說明與介紹、新聞報(bào)道等，形式多樣，題材各異，如圖示、表格等。英語《考試說明》對＂讀＂的能力要求之一是：要求考生讀懂一般性話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中的簡短文章并能識(shí)別不同文體的特征。研讀近年全國各地的高考試題可以看出，應(yīng)用文是高考閱讀理解命題的重要體裁之一?，F(xiàn)簡要介紹應(yīng)用文的特點(diǎn)、類型和解題技巧。一、應(yīng)用文閱讀試題的文體特點(diǎn)應(yīng)用文不同于其他文體的文章，其目的是為了向讀者傳輸信息，措辭簡潔明了，直截了當(dāng)。一般說來，應(yīng)用文英語閱讀試題具有以下特點(diǎn)：1.選材特點(diǎn)信息量大，文句精煉，形式靈活，用最少的篇幅表達(dá)最大量的信息。2.內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)生活化，實(shí)用化，多樣化，如產(chǎn)品宣傳、服務(wù)介紹、通知、海報(bào)、啟示、招生招聘等。3.形式特點(diǎn)標(biāo)題醒目，重點(diǎn)突出，條理清晰，常用粗體字或各類項(xiàng)目符號(hào)使文章的結(jié)構(gòu)更鮮明。4.語言特點(diǎn)人名、地名、專有名詞多；生詞多；縮略詞、祈使句、省略句多；結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。5.命題特點(diǎn)主要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的能力，既注重特定細(xì)節(jié)的篩選、類比、綜合，又注重推理判斷題的考查，題目設(shè)置相對較容易。二、應(yīng)用文語篇主要類型應(yīng)用文的類型主要有：同主題廣告，混合型廣告，規(guī)則、通知、咨詢問答、注意事項(xiàng)等，指南，書評、問卷調(diào)查、告示、參觀須知、申請書、個(gè)人簡介等。三、應(yīng)用文解題技巧點(diǎn)撥高考應(yīng)用文閱讀理解設(shè)題以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，因此，閱讀這類文章時(shí)，應(yīng)該在整體把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，主要注意細(xì)節(jié)信息。細(xì)節(jié)題的題干都是相應(yīng)原文的變形(如同義改寫、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到題干在原文中的出處，再把原文和選項(xiàng)相比較。做題時(shí)，根據(jù)所提問題用尋讀、跳讀的方法可達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。同時(shí)，在閱讀時(shí)也要特別注意文中以粗體、大寫、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字，因?yàn)檫@很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括。具體答題策略如下：1.先題后文先讀試題，了解試題考點(diǎn)；明確目的，快速捕捉，獲取信息。2.題干定向根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞到文中定位答案范圍，按照題目順序依次而下：問題與材料相同→對號(hào)入座；問題與原文相同→同義替換、歸納事實(shí)等。3.生詞模糊遇到生詞；如與答題無關(guān)，直接跳過；涉及答題，則根據(jù)語境、構(gòu)詞法等猜詞。4.信息補(bǔ)全對于影響理解的省略句，可根據(jù)語境，將其補(bǔ)全?？傊?，應(yīng)用文類型的閱讀文章一般說來比較易理解，文章類型以廣告形式居多，設(shè)問根據(jù)文章的段落秩序，多以細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)理解為主，答案的尋找可以根據(jù)問題中的關(guān)鍵字順藤摸瓜，輔以適當(dāng)?shù)耐评砼袛?。了解了?yīng)用文的措辭和內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)，我們在實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出解答應(yīng)用文試題的關(guān)鍵是：抓信息。提示：應(yīng)用文閱讀題做完后，不可輕易改答案，要相信第一感覺。因?yàn)榈谝淮谓忸}時(shí)思路最清晰，假如沒十分把握，以不改為好，防止弄巧成拙。全國高考英語考試說明確指出，要求考生讀懂一般性話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中的簡短文章，這說明了應(yīng)用文文體在高考英語中的重要性。這個(gè)特點(diǎn)在歷年高考試題中有明顯的印證，不管是全國高考卷，還是省區(qū)高考卷中基本每年都涉及應(yīng)用文文體的考查，這充分體現(xiàn)了＂為用而學(xué)，學(xué)以致用＂的新課程理念。因此，考生很有必要認(rèn)真研讀閱讀理解中應(yīng)用文的特征和命題特點(diǎn)，并掌握一定的解題方法。本文擬結(jié)合近年高考英語全國卷閱讀理解中所涉及的應(yīng)用文文體，幫助考生提高閱讀理解的解題能力。應(yīng)用文是在日常工作和生活中使用的文體，通常以實(shí)用性為目的、以真實(shí)性為基礎(chǔ)、以時(shí)效性為根本、以規(guī)范性為準(zhǔn)則。該文體一般可分為兩大類：一類是說明性應(yīng)用文，包括廣告、啟事、海報(bào)、守則、公告、指南、個(gè)人簡歷、備忘錄、摘要等；另一類是敘述性應(yīng)用文，如書信、日記、便條、報(bào)告、請?zhí)?。目的都是向讀者傳輸信息。高考試題主要涉及宣傳廣告、公告類應(yīng)用文，偶爾也會(huì)有書信類文章出現(xiàn)。從近三年高考全國卷閱讀理解中應(yīng)用文的話題分布情況可知，前一類是應(yīng)用文命題的首選題材，其中包括廣告、海報(bào)和指南等。在高考英語閱讀理解中應(yīng)用文體的考查主要有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1.就文體特點(diǎn)而言，應(yīng)用文主要是為了向讀者傳遞信息，措辭簡潔明了，一般來說，和所述問題無關(guān)的文字不會(huì)出現(xiàn)。例如很多文章沒有標(biāo)題，甚至通篇沒有一個(gè)完整的句子，而是用詞、數(shù)字、縮寫、短語等來替代。2.就選材特點(diǎn)來說，信息量大，文句精練，形式靈活，用最小的篇幅表述最大量的信息。其中書信，招聘和商品銷售等廣告，交通運(yùn)輸時(shí)刻表，日記等的比例較大。其內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)為：生活化，實(shí)用化，多樣化。3.就形式特點(diǎn)而言，標(biāo)題醒目，重點(diǎn)突出，條理清晰，常用粗體字或各類項(xiàng)目符號(hào)使文章結(jié)構(gòu)更鮮明。4.就語言特點(diǎn)來說，文章充斥大量冗長而生僻的專有名詞，如人名、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)名、組織名、書籍名、作品名等等，而且沒有漢語注釋?？s略詞、祈使句、省略句多。5.在行文方式方面，應(yīng)用文的每種文體都有固定的格式。敘述性應(yīng)用文采用一般記敘文的寫作方法，無特別之處；說明性應(yīng)用文的行文呈排列式，即以小標(biāo)題為單位逐一下行排列。6.就命題特點(diǎn)來說，高考英語應(yīng)用文的設(shè)問一般是按照文章段落的順序依次設(shè)置，主要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的能力，既考查對特定細(xì)節(jié)的選取、排除、類比、綜合，又注重推理判斷題的考查，題目設(shè)置相對容易。具體講來主要有四大類：(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題，即要求考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。這一題型常見的命題方式有事實(shí)認(rèn)定題、圖形辨認(rèn)題、數(shù)字運(yùn)算題等。(2)推理判斷題。這類題主要考查考生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過分析語篇的邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題。(3)主旨大意題。該類題主要考查考生對所讀材料中心思想的概括。其考查形式有很多，如概括標(biāo)題、主題、中心思想等。(4)詞義猜測題，即要求考生根據(jù)一定的上下文猜測生詞的詞義。廣告類閱讀題的五大特點(diǎn)1.材料特點(diǎn)：大家知道，刊登廣告是要錢的，為了節(jié)省費(fèi)用，人們在擬寫廣告時(shí)往往都希望用最少的篇幅表現(xiàn)最大量的信息，這就決定了廣告類材料通常具有以下特點(diǎn)：信息量大，用詞簡練，形式靈活。2.內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)：綜觀近幾年的高考英語閱讀理解題，其中廣告類閱讀題內(nèi)容主要涉及的是與人們生活息息相關(guān)的信息，如產(chǎn)品宣傳、服務(wù)介紹、招生招聘等。3.形式特點(diǎn)：做廣告的主要目的就是要讓受眾了解并記住廣告的內(nèi)容，并為廣告上所刊登的內(nèi)容(產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)等)買單。為了達(dá)到這一目的，人們在設(shè)計(jì)廣告時(shí)往往會(huì)做到：標(biāo)題醒目，重點(diǎn)突出，條理清楚。4.用詞特點(diǎn)：廣告類閱讀材料的用詞有＂三多＂特點(diǎn)：一是人名、地名、專有名詞多；二是生詞多；三是縮略詞、省略句多。5.命題特點(diǎn)：廣告類閱讀是近幾年高考英語閱讀理解最?？嫉念}材，在閱讀理解的選材中占有很大的比重。命題者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的能力，所以命題的題型多是以獲取信息為主的細(xì)節(jié)理解題。應(yīng)用文主要設(shè)題類型及特點(diǎn)1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題針對應(yīng)用文體裁的閱讀訓(xùn)練多出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。應(yīng)用文不同于一般的文章，應(yīng)用文的措辭簡潔明了、直截了當(dāng)，在閱讀時(shí)須重點(diǎn)注意細(xì)節(jié)信息，最好采取跳讀這種閱讀方法。如：活動(dòng)的具體時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)是什么？音樂會(huì)的具體舉辦時(shí)間是什么？所倡議的活動(dòng)是針對哪些人展開的？這些細(xì)節(jié)問題都是同學(xué)們在閱讀時(shí)需要特別注意的地方。常見的細(xì)節(jié)理解題的題干表達(dá)方式有“Whenisthesportsmeetinggoingtobeheld？”“Tysonwillinviteallofthefollowingexcept_______tohisbirthdayparty.”例如：TheincorrectdescriptionofLondonEyeisthat_______.A.itisoneoftheworld’stallestobservationwheelsB.youcanseeupto40kilometersawayinalldirectionsfromeachcapsuleC.ithas32capsulesandcarriesaround1，000visitorseverydayD.youcanenjoyafull360-degreepanoramawhenyouareatthetopofthewheel這是一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由表格一中第二句“Ithas32capsules（密閉艙）andcarriesabout10，000visitorseveryday.”可知，是10，000不是1，000答案應(yīng)該選C。2.主旨大意題應(yīng)用文強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)用性，無論是信件、廣告、通知，還是倡議書、海報(bào)等，在閱讀時(shí)都應(yīng)該快速掌握其主旨大意。如：海報(bào)介紹的那部電影？通知的是哪個(gè)活動(dòng)？邀請哪些人參加什么活動(dòng)？這些都是主旨大意題考查的內(nèi)容。常見的主旨大意題的題干表達(dá)方式有“Theposterintroducesusto_______.”“Thee-mailmainlytellsusabout_______.”例如：Theadvertisementmainlymakepeople_______.A.givehelptothoseinneedB.notthrowawayusedclothesC.knowabouttheorganizationD.learntheuseofdonatedclothes這是一個(gè)主旨大意題，由表格一中的“Don’tthrowawayusedclothes.Usethemtohelpchangethelivesofothers.”可知答案應(yīng)該選A。3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題作者往往通過海報(bào)、廣告等形式的應(yīng)用文表明自己對于某事的態(tài)度，也可以通過通知、倡議書、邀請函等形式暗示自己對某次活動(dòng)的看法和態(tài)度。常見的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的題干表達(dá)方式有“Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards...”“Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthe...？”例如：InAllison’sopinion，otherkidsofheragemay_______theirparents.A.haveproblemswithB.getonwellwithC.liketotalktoD.liketolistento這是一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題，從信中的第一段中“kidssaytheydon’tgetonwellwiththeirs”可知答案應(yīng)該選A。4.推理判斷題與記敘文和說明文有所不同，應(yīng)用文閱讀中出現(xiàn)的推理判斷題?？疾槲恼碌某鎏幓蛘邅碓?，常見的題干表達(dá)方式有“Youcanfindthead_______.”“Wherewouldyouprobablyreadthenotice？”例如：Wecaninfer（推斷）fromtheadvertisementsthat_______.A.noneoftheorganizationacceptchildren’sclothesB.peoplecandonateusedclothesthroughouttheUSAC.someorganizationneedmoneytohelpsomepeopleD.somedonatedclotheswillbegiventocancerpatients這是一個(gè)推理判斷題，由表格二中第二句“Sales（銷售額）ofyourusedclotheswillsupport…”，由表格三中第二句“Salesfromusedclotheswillbenefit（有助于）”，由表格四中第二句“SalefromdonatedclotheswillhelptheBoysandGirlsClubinVenice，CA.”可知答案應(yīng)該選C?！緳z測訓(xùn)練】1LifeandHealthInsuranceRiskManagerWantedOurcompanyhaspartneredwithaninternationalinsurerandislookingforafull-timeriskmanagerwithresponsibilityfortheUKLifeandHealthInsurancebusiness.Theroleisinasmallriskteamandissuitedtoahigh-performingindividual.Responsibilities*Supportthechiefriskofficer;*Overseethereportingofhealthandliferisks;*Deliveradviceandcooperatewithsomestakeholders(利益相關(guān)者);*Assessrelevantrisksoftechnicalpricingandreinsurance;*Continuouslycontributetothecapitalrequirements,internalmodelreviewanddatamodelprocesses.KeyrequirementsTheindividualwillbeaqualifiedlifeorhealthmanagerwhohasexperienceinriskmanagementorconsulting.YoumustworkintheUK---theseruleshavechangedrecently,sowhenapplying,pleasestateyourqualificationtoworkintheUK.(E.g.Britishpassport,Irishpassport,ILR,settled-status,etc.)Salary￡70,000-￡90,000peryearandperformance-basedsalary.ContactinformationThedeadlineforapplicationsis14thMay,2021.Ifyouareinterested,pleaseapplyhereorcontacttheassociateconsultantAbiLogeswaranatHFGInsuranceRecruitment(招聘).Signintoapplyinstantly.We'dlovetosendyouinformationaboutJobsandServicesfromCareersinRbyemail.Wedonotshareyourinformationwiththirdpartiesformarketingpurposes.ByapplyingforajoblistedonCareersinRyouagreetoourtermsandconditionsandprivacypolicy.Youshouldneverberequiredtoprovidebankaccountdetails.Ifyouare,pleaseemailus.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthejob?A.Ithuntsforachiefriskofficer. B.Itisapart-timejob.C.Itisrelatedtoinsurancebusiness. D.Itinvolvesahigh-riskteam.2.Whichofthefollowingisamustforapplicants?A.Aprofessionalcertificate. B.Theabilitytochangeworkingrules.C.AnIrishpassport. D.Relevantexperience.3.Whatdowehavetodowhenapplyingforthejob?A.HandinourapplicationsbeforeMay. B.Acceptthecompany'sprivacypolicy.C.Offerourbankaccountdetails. D.Giveourinformationtothirdparties.2ROBOTICSACADEMYAges12—14·Grades7—9Theacademy-levelroboticsprogramtakesittothenextlevelforthenextgenerationofengineers,designersandgearheadswithreal-worldapplicationsofscience,technology,engineeringandmath.Hands-onsessionsinrobotchassisdesignandbuildingalgorithms,remote-controldesignandoperation,andaerialdroneoperationsmakeforanexcitingadventure.Traineesfocusonteamworkastheylearnwhatit’sliketoengineeranddesignrobotsonland,intheairandunderwaterwithstate-of-the-artmaterials.Theweekculminates(達(dá)到高潮)withtraineescompetingtocompletetasksonaChallengeTableusingrobotstheyspenttheweekbuilding,programmingandtesting.Activities·Programrobotstointeract(互動(dòng))withtheworldusingavarietyofsensorsandmotors·Learnwithhands-onsessionsinremote-controldesignandoperationandaerialoperations·MastermanagingwirelesssignalsinordertocontrolandpilotrobotsontheChallengeTable·Choosefromlessonsasyoulike,suchasbuildingroboticattachments,programmingwithsensorsanddatafunctions,orusingHumanInterfaceDevices·Usethebinarynumbersystemandbasiclogicfunctionstounderstandhowmachines“think”·Design,buildandpilotunderwaterrobotsusingtheSeaPerchROVsystem·Trainincutting-edge,custom-designedUnmannedAerialSystemstrainingsimulationVAMPIREProandflyquadcoptersFastFactsFororientationtimes,visit.·Arrivalwindow:Sunday1:30p.m.—3:30p.m.(CT)·Graduation:Friday9a.m.—10a.m.·Price:$999.(Includesa$50registrationfeethatcannotbereturnedandtuitionfeesthatcanbefullyrefunded(退款)atrequestbeforethesessionstarts.)10%offeachadditionalsession.·Campprogramsareavailableduringsummermonthsandselectweeksthroughouttheremainderoftheyear.Searchfordetailsandschedule.4.Whatwilltheparticipantspayspecialattentiontoduringtheirlearning?A.Competition. B.Workingtogether. C.Concentration. D.Savingmaterials.5.Whichofthefollowingisanoptionallesson?A.Remote-controldesign. B.Managingwirelesssignals.C.Buildingroboticattachments. D.Understandinghowmachines“think”.6.Howmuchmoneycanyougetbackifyoucancelyourfirstsessionbeforeitstarts?A.$999. B.$50. C.$899.1. D.$949.3SummerPre-CollegeProgram2021—RegisterNow!Earnupto12collegecreditsonlinewithFDU’sSummerPre-CollegeProgram!FairleighDickinsonUniversity’sSummerPre-CollegeProgramoffersmotivatedstudentsingrades9to12theopportunitytogetajump-startonearningcollegecreditsthroughnew,engaging,interactivecourses.Studentswilldevelopin-demandskillsandearncutting-edgetechniquesinavirtualacademicsetting.ProgramhighlightsOurcourseshavebeendesignedtokeepstudentsengagedinaremotelearningformat.Registertodaytoexperience:Theopportunitytoearn3collegecreditspercourseandupto12collegecreditsthissummerforfutureuniversitystudies.Customized,exclusivecurriculumdevelopedandtaughtbydistinguishedFDUprofessors.Theperfectblendofreal-timeinstruction,self-pacedprojectsandvirtualteamwork.Aglimpseintothemostdesiredmajorsandcareersoftoday.Theabilitytoadvancethequalityofyourcollegeapplicationfromthecomfortofyourhome.ProgramscheduleSession1-July5toJuly15,2021Classes:9AMto12:30PMPre-MedicalProfessionsandtheHealthSciencesCreativeWriting:ThePowerofStorytellingIntroductiontoDataScienceandBusinessIntelligenceClasses:1:30PMto5PMOptimizingSmartphonePhotographyandVideographyIntroductiontoMaterialsScienceandEngineeringIntroductiontoAppliedStatisticsDrugDiscovery:TheExcitingFutureofPharmacologySession2-August1toAugust11,2021Classes:9AMto12:30PMWallStreetCareers:AnIntroductiontoFinancialMarketsandTradingAstrophysics:ExploringtheStarsandtheGalaxiesAroundtheWorldinEightDays:IntroductiontoGlobalTourismManagementClasses:1:30PMto5PMAdvancedCodingandDevelopmentCognitivePsychology:UnderstandingtheMind,theBrainandYourBehaviorDigitalArt:CreateYourOwnOnlineCanvasProgramCost:$770percourse(Youcangeta20%discountifyoubooknow!)ContactInformationSummerPre-CollegeProgramprecollege@fdu.edu1000RiverRoad,H-DH1-02Teaneck,NJ076667.Whoarethecoursesintendedfor?A.Highschoolstudents. B.Collegegraduates.C.Collegefreshmen. D.Primaryschoolpupils.8.WhatcanyouinferabouttheSummerPre-CollegeProgram?A.Itoffershands-onlearningchances. B.Astudentcanearn15collegecredits.C.Allthecoursesaregivenonline. D.Studentsmuststayonthecampus.9.Howmuchwillyoupayifyoubooktwocoursesnow?A.$308. B.$770. C.$1232. D.$15404WHERETOSTAYINSYDNEYWhetheryouwanttostayinaconvertedbeerfactory,aluxuryhotelontheharbouroranadvancedloft-styleroom,Sydneyhasahugerangeoftop-qualityhotels.1.THEOLDCLAREHOTELLocatedintheheartofSydney’sCentralParkdistrict,

TheOldClareHotel,providingluxurious(豪華的)roomsandfacilities,takesupahistoricChippendalepubandthenearbyformerbeerfactorysite.ThishotelhasbeenlovinglyrestoredbyPengLoh,aSingaporeanbusinessmanwithapassionforredecoratingheritageproperties.2.HILTONSYDNEYThisisluxuryaccommodationrightinthecentreofSydney,withworld-classrestaurants,oneofthecity’sbestbars.Justupstairssits

Glass,theaward-winningsmallrestaurantbycelebritychefLukeMangan.Downstairslies

TheMarbleBar,a

Sydneyhotspotfordecadesandheritagelistedduetoitsextensiveuseofmarble,datingbackto1893.Roomsaresimplyfashionable.3.THELANGHAMGrandharborsideluxurycanbeexpectedat

TheLangham,locatedintheSydneycentre.Thehotelmakesthemostofitsimpressiveharbourviewswithamarble-decoratedhallthattakesyourbreathaway.Don’tforgettocheckouttheart,withacollectionofAustralia’smostfamouspainter.Trytheirfamoushighteamenu,andbesuretocheckouttheincredibleundergroundswimmingpoolavailabletoguestsonly.4.FOURSEASONSHOTELSYDNEYAnotherluxurystaywithamazingharbourviews,the

FourSeasonsHotelSydney

sitsontheedgeofSydney’shistoricRocksdistrict.ADeluxeHarbourRoomwillgiveyouabreath-takingview,withdarkwoodandsilkinsideincalmingcolours.Downstairsis

Grain,oneofthebest-knownwhiskybarsinthecity.10.Whichofthefollowinghotelshousesarestaurantbyafamouschef?A.TheLangham. B.HiltonSydney.C.TheOldClareHotel. D.The

FourSeasonsHotelSydney.11.WhatprivilegecanguestsenjoyinTheLangham?A.Atasteofthefamoushighteaforfree.B.Accesstotheundergroundswimmingpool.C.Arestintheimpressivemarble-decoratedhall.D.Agoodlookatthecollectionoffamouspaintings.12.Whatdoallthehotelshaveincommon?A.Famousbars. B.Harbourviews.C.Heritageproperties. D.Luxuriousfacilities.5Hibernationisacomplexsolutiontoasimpleproblem.Inwinter,foodisscarce.Tosurvivethisseasonalstarvation,animals,suchasthearcticgroundsquirrelandblackbear,hibernatesothatphysiologicalshiftskeepthemalivedespitethelackoffood,waterandmovement.Researchersanddoctorsalikeareinterestedinhowthesehibernationtrickscouldhelphumanswiththeirownhealth.THREAT:StrokeINSIGHT:Bloodflowinthebrainofahibernatingarcticgroundsquirreldropstoatenthofnormal.Typicallysuchoxygenshortagewouldcauseastroke.Butthesesquirrelscansurviveallwinterbecausetheirmetabolismlowersto2percentofitssummerrate—requiringmuchlessoxygentomaintain.Ifdoctorscouldsimilarlylowerthemetabolismofahumanpatientimmediatelyafterastroke—perhapsbycoolingthebody—theymightpreventpermanentbraindamage,saysBrianBarnes,abiologistattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanks.THREAT:DiabetesINSIGHT:Peoplewhogainalotofweightoftenstoprespondingtoinsulin,whichregulatestheamountofglucosethatcellstakeupfromtheblood.Yetgrizzlybearsgain100poundsormoreeachautumnandsomehowavoiddiabetes.Arecentstudyfoundthatthegrizzlies'fatcellsbecomemoresensitivetoinsulinastheyprepareforthewinter,allowingthebearstokeepprocessingandstoringsugar.ScientistsatbiotechnologycompanyAmgenarenowtestingwhethermakingslightchangestothesameproteinthatcontrolssensitivityindiabetichumanscouldhavesimilarresults.THREAT:OsteoporosisINSIGHT:Ifahumanweretoliestillforlongperiodswithoutfood,hisorherboneswouldslowlydegrade.Ablackbear,however,emergesfromitscaveafterwinterjustasstrongaseverbecauseitsboneisrecycledat25percentofnormallevelsduringhibernation.ResearchersatColoradoStateUniversityarenowtryingtoidentifythehormonesthatcontrolthisextremelimitonboneturnover.Theyaimtocreateadrugforpeopleatriskforosteoporosisthatsimilarlyprotectsbonedensity.THREAT:HeartDiseaseINSIGHT:Duringheartsurgery,apatientbecomesshortofoxygenwhentheheartstopsbeating.Tocope,thebodyswitchesfromaerobictoanaerobicmetabolism.Unfortunately,thechangecreateslacticacid,whichcankillcellsifitbuildsup.Damageofthiskinddoesnotoccurinhibernatingarcticgroundsquirrels,likelybecausetheybreakdownmorefatsthansugarsevenafterthehearthasslowedtojustonebeatperminute.ResearchersatDukeUniversityandtheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanksarenowworkingtoidentifyhowthisspeciesprioritizesfatasfuelinlow-oxygenconditions.Findingawaytogetheartsurgerypatientstodothesamemayreduceinjurytoorgansduringprocedures.13.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Whathumanscanlearnfromanimalsthatsleepformonthsonend.B.Whathealththreatshumansarefacingwhiletheyareundertreatment.C.Howhumanscansurvivefromthesametoughconditionsasanimalsdo.D.Howhealththreatscanbeavoidedifhumansarewithcertainanimals.14.Howgrizzlybearsprocesssugarintheautumnmaygiveinsightsintohowtodealwith________.A.stroke B.diabetes C.osteoporosis D.heartdisease15.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Metabolismusuallyconsumesasmallamountofoxygen.B.Fatcellsarelesssensitivetoinsulinthanothercells.C.Lyingstillforalongtimewillaffectbonedensity.D.Doctorsareseekingwaystokeeppatients'heartsbeatinginsurgery.6Onlinecoursesofferspeopleabundantopportunitiestolearn.TrysomeoftheHarvardonlinecoursesabouthumanities.ThePathtoHappinessFromConfucianismtoDaoism,thephilosophiesdevelopedovertwothousandyearsagoareamongthemostpowerfulinhumanhistory.Thiscoursebringsvoicesfromthepastintomoderncontextstoexplorethepathtoagoodlifetoday.Duration:June16,2021–June14,2022Fees:FreeofchargePace:Self-pacedDifficulty:IntroductoryIntroductiontotheAncientGreekWorldThiscourseisaboutancientGreecewithitsuniqueplaces,waysoflifeandhistoricalchanges.Wesurveythemostimportantsocialinstitutionsandculturaltraditions.Wealsostudyeverydayfeaturessuchasfoodanddress.Duration:June21–August6,2021Fees:$3400+Pace:Instructor-ledDifficulty:IntroductoryBiotechnologyandtheHumanGoodBiotechnologyoffersexcitingandpromisingprospectsforhealingthesickandrelievingthesuffering.Inthiscourseweconsiderpossiblefunctionsbeyondcommontreatmentslikemakingpeoplelookyounger,performbetterandbecomeperfect.Duration:June21–August6,2021Fees:$3400+Pace:Instructor-ledDifficulty:IntermediateSuperheroesandPowerWhatmakessuperheroespopular?Howcantheyhelpusthinkaboutsuperpowers?Inthiscourse,weexplorethosequestionsinMarvelandDCfavorites(especiallytheX-Men)aswellasindependentcomicsnovels.Duration:June22–August6,2021Fees:$3400+Pace:Instructor-ledDifficulty:Intermediate16.WhichcoursecanyoutakeifyouarefreeinOct.2021?A.ThePathtoHappiness B.IntroductiontotheAncientGreekWorldC.BiotechnologyandtheHumanGood D.SuperheroesandPower17.WhatdoesBiotechnologyandtheHumanGooddealwith?A.Powersofsuperheroes. B.Waystoincreasehappiness.C.Moreusesofbiotech. D.Clinicalpracticesofbiotech.18.Whatdothefourcourseshaveincommon?A.Theyareofthesamelevel. B.Theyarefreeofcharge.C.Theyareinstructor-led. D.Theybelongtothesamesubject.7TurkishTreatsHelloLondonfoodies!I’mkickingoffthisweek’sblogbytalkingaboutafantasticnewTurkishrestaurantinSohocalledModa.Ican’trememberevereatingbetterdolmaorhummus—itwassodelicious!Infact,thisisoneofthethingswhichtherestaurantpridesitselfon—thefreshnessandauthenticityoftheingredients.Apparently,thechefinsiststhatthefruitandvegetablesarebroughtovereverydayfromhishomeregioninTurkey—andfromnowhereelse.Hemaybeaperfectionist,butitwassodeliciousthatIcan’tcomplain.Modaisn’tcheap,butit’sdefinitelywortheverypenny.AndI’vegotgreatnewsforyou.WhenItoldhimthatIwriteafoodblog,hesaidhe’dgiveallmyreadersa10%discount!Justmentionthisblogwhenyoubook.Averydifferentrestaurant,whereIhadlunchlastMonday,isChezFitz.SituatednearLeicesterSquare,itsmainsellingpointisthatitsfoodisalllocallysourced(within30kilometresoftherestaurant).MyfriendsandIwerecompletelyamazed—wehadnoideathatsomuchcouldbegrownsoclosetocentralLondon.Butitturnsoutthattherearepocketsofgreenalloverthecity—youjustneedtoknowwheretolook.Onefinalpoint:Icouldn’tbelievehowpriceymyweeklyshopwasthisweek.Normallyifsabout￡40,butthisweekitwasmorethan￡55formoreorlessthesameamountoffood.Anyideaswhy?MoreinacoupleofweeksasI’mgoingawayonmyholidaystomorrow!CommentsSouthLondonMum10OctoberHi—regardingyourlastpoint,I’vefoundthesamethingrecently.Ireadsomewherethattheaverage‘shoppingbasket’hasalreadyincreasedby20%thisyear.Thepriceshavegoneupsomuch,becauseoftheawfulweatherwe’vebeenhaving,andtheymaygoupevenmore.Howarewemeanttofeedourfamilies?Ecovore10OctoberI’mnotsureweshouldbesupportingrestaurantslikeModa.Theyareverybadfortheenvironment.Whataboutalltheextracarbonemissionsfromthe‘foodmiles’createdbybringingoverthoseingredientsfromTurkey?Anonymous11OctoberIknowwhatyou’resaying,Ecovore,butdon’thaveagoatrestaurantslikeModa.IfwegrowexoticvegetablesintheUK,thenwehavetouseheatedgreenhousesandthatprobablyusesevenmoreenergy.19.WhydoesthebloggerlikeModa?A.Itoffersitscustomersadiscount.B.ItprovidestypicalTurkishfoodC.IthiresachefwhocomesfromTurkey.D.Ittransportsingredientsfromallovertheworld.20.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.ChefFitzislocated30kilometersfromLeicesterSquare.B.Thebloggerisangrythathespendssomuchonfoodthisweek.C.SouthLondonMumisworriedabouttheeverworseningweatherD.Ecovoredoesn’tthinkofModainthesamewayasthebloggerdoes.21.Theword“exotic”(inAnonymous’scomments)isclosestinmeaningto________.A.local B.foreignC.fruitful D.fruitless8LEGALNOTICEIfyoupurchasedHill'sPrescriptionDietorScienceDietCannedDogFoodBetweenSeptember1,2018andMay31,2019,YourRightsMayBeAffectedbyaClassActionSettlement.WHATISTHISLAWSUITABOUT?ThelawsuitclaimsthatHill'sPrescriptionDiet(HPD)andScienceDiet(SD)canneddogfoodproductshadhighlevelsofVitaminD.Thelawsuitstatesthatpurchasersoftheseproductslostmoneybypurchasingdogfoodproductsthatwerenotmanufacturedasrepresentedand/orpaidforservicesasaresultofinjuriestotheirdogs.TheCourtwillholdahearingonJuly27,2021,at10:00a.m.byZoomVideo,whichmaybemovedtoadifferentlocation,timeordate.TheZoomVideolinkwillbepostedonwww.PetFoodS.WHOISINCLUDED?YouareincludedintheSettlementifyoupurchasedHPDand/orSDcanneddogfoodproductsintheU.S.betweenSeptember1,2018andMay31,2019.WHATDOESTHESETTLEMENTPROVIDE?ConsumerFoodPurchase:IfyoupurchasedHPDand/orSDcanneddogfoodproductsbetweenSeptember1,2018andMay31,2019,youcouldgetafullrefundwithProofofPurchaseorupto。20totalwithoutProofofPurchase.YoumustsubmitavalidClaimFormbyJuly2,2021.DogInjury:IfyourdogsufferedinjuriesconsistentwiththeconsumptionofexcessVitaminDasaresultofyourdogeatingHPDand/orSDcanneddogfoodproducts,youcouldreceivemoney.YoumustsubmitavalidClaimFormwithproperdocumentationbyJuly2,2021.Youcanfindmoredetailsonhowtosubmitaclaimbyvisitingwww.PetFoodSorcalling1-833-537-1191.www.PetFoodS1-833-537-119122.Whenwillthehearingbeheldaccordingtothenotice?A.July27,2021. B.July2,2021.C.May31,2019. D.Sept.1,2018.23.Whichoneofthefollowingpurchasershastheleastchancetogetafullrefund?A.Oneprovideds