翻譯語法考點(diǎn)總結(jié)

一、非謂語動(dòng)詞近幾年的語法測(cè)試中非謂語動(dòng)詞約占31.1%，平均每年近5道題，可謂是語法項(xiàng)目考查的重點(diǎn)，那么非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查都有哪些特點(diǎn)，解答時(shí)又應(yīng)注意些什么呢?下面我和大家就一起來分析一下：1、非謂語動(dòng)詞考查特點(diǎn)1)謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的判斷對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞區(qū)別的考查主要集中在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，如：Allthings___becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.(1999.1)A.hadbeencanceledB.havebeencanceledC.werecanceledD.havingbeencanceled四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有三個(gè)是謂語動(dòng)詞，只有D是非謂語動(dòng)詞，只要同學(xué)們能判斷出這里是非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語，則不用考慮時(shí)態(tài)的問題，答案自明。2)謂語動(dòng)詞后不定式與動(dòng)名詞的選擇謂語動(dòng)詞后接不定式還是接動(dòng)名詞也是四級(jí)語法測(cè)試中的一個(gè)題眼。如：①Idon'tmind____thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.(2000.1)A.youtodelaymakingB.yourdelayingmakingC.yourdelayingtomakeD.youdelaytomake②HadIremembered____thewindows,thethiefwouldnothavegotin.(1996.1)A.tocloseB.closingC.tohaveclosedD.havingclosed③Yourhairwants______.You'dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.A.cutB.tocutC.cuttingD.beingcut(1997.6)這類題涉及三個(gè)方面：謂語動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)該接不定式還是動(dòng)名詞?即可接不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)和意思上有何差別?不定式與動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式還是用被動(dòng)形式?3)做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇從近幾年的考查情況來看，對(duì)做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查有兩種情況：(1)對(duì)一般概念的考查，而不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語。如：①Theproject____bytheendof2000,willexpandthecity'stelephonenetworktocover1,000,000users.(1999.6)A.accomplishedB.beingaccomplishedC.tobeaccomplishedD.havingbeenaccomplished②IfIcorrectsomeone,Iwilldoitwithsomuchgoodhumorandself-restraintasifIweretheone______.(1996.6)A.tocorrectB.correctingC.havingbeencorrectedD.beingcorrected同學(xué)們只要掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語的一般的規(guī)律,就可以判斷①題答案為C，②題答案為D。(2)對(duì)固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，如：①Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds_____hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.(2000.6)A.tobebasedonB.tobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobase②Thepressure_____causesAmericanstobeenergetic,butitalsoputsthemunderaconstantemotionalstrain.A.tocompeteB.competingC.tobecompetedD.havingcompeted①題為不定式做定語的固定形式，答案為D，②題為某些特定名詞的定語結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為A。在英語中有些名詞，如動(dòng)詞變來的名詞，形容詞變來的名詞，以及means,way,time,moment,reason等要求其后用不定式做定語，不定式?jīng)]有體的變化。4)做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如：①______theearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedgeoftheearth.(1996.6)A.HavingbelievedB.BelievingC.BelievedD.BeingBelieved②_______ateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamaster'sdegree.(1995.1)A.TobecomeB.BecomeC.OnebecomesD.Onbecoming③Realizingthathehadn'tenoughmoneyand____toborrowfromhisfather,hedecidedtosellhiswatch.(1995.1)A.notwantedB.notowantC.notwantingD.wantingnot④___itornot,hisdiscoveryhascreatedastirinscientificcircles.(1997.1)A.BelieveB.TobelieveC.BelievingD.Believed從以上各題來看，考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有：(1)狀語類別的判斷不同的狀語對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的要求不同，目的狀語要求用不定式，如②。(2)非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關(guān)系根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的不同來確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞。(3)非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式not否定非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)置于非謂語動(dòng)詞之前，如③。(4)獨(dú)立成分有些非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用不受與句子主語關(guān)系的限制，稱為獨(dú)立成分，這類成分只記憶即可。如:generallyspeaking,judgingfrom...,totellthetruth...,等。5)做補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇做賓語補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞受謂語動(dòng)詞的限制，不同動(dòng)詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語形式要求不同。近幾年對(duì)各類賓補(bǔ)都有考查。如：①Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman____anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.(1998.1)A.installB.toinstallC.tobeinstalledD.installed②Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute______.(1998.6)A.beingsettledB.tobesettledC.hadsettledD.assettled③Youwillseethisproduct____whereveryougo.(2000.6)A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising④Hisremarksleftme_____abouthisrealpurpose.(1999.6)A.wonderedB.wonderC.towonderD.wondering⑤WhenIcaughthim______meIstoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.(1997.1)A.cheatingB.cheatC.tocheatD.tobecheating⑥Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience_____onbenches,chairsorboxes.(2000.1)A.havingseatedB.seatingC.seatedD.havingbeenseated考查涉及到感官動(dòng)詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語，如③。have,make,let,leave等特殊單詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語。regard類后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語with獨(dú)立分句后面的常用動(dòng)詞后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語。6)做表語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇表語的考查多側(cè)重于分詞做表語形式的選擇，很少有動(dòng)名詞的用法的考查，雖然選項(xiàng)中有不定式作為干擾項(xiàng)，只要能看出是做表語的也就不用考慮。如：①Thehousewasveryquiet,____asitwasonthesideofthemountain.(1999.6)A.isolatedB.isolatingC.beingisolatedD.havingbeenisolated②Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo_____bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.(2000.6)A.unrecordedB.tobeunrecordedC.unrecordingD.tohavebeenunrecorded分詞做表語可以做系動(dòng)詞be的表語，也可以做其它系動(dòng)詞的表語，如go,feel,seem,look,remain等等。這些系動(dòng)詞后非謂語動(dòng)詞的餓用法規(guī)則是相同的。7)to作為介詞與作為不定式符號(hào)的選擇to可以是介詞，也可以用來引導(dǎo)不定式，四級(jí)考試中對(duì)種類用法的考查也比較多。如：①Ihavenoobjection_______yourstoryagain.(2000.6)A.tohearB.tohearingC.tohavingheardD.tohaveheard②Thetraditionalapproach____withcomplexproblemsistobreakdownintosmaller,moreeasilymanagedproblems.(1996.6)A.todealingB.indealingC.dealingD.todeal③Themaninthecornerconfessedto_____alietothemanagerofthecompany.(1997.6)A.havetoldB.betoldC.beingtoldD.havingtold這類考題的考查方式有兩種，一是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)相對(duì)的選項(xiàng)todosomething和todoingsomething，這時(shí)考查的自然是to的性質(zhì);另一種是to在題干中，如③。8)分詞前連詞的使用分詞前連詞的使用是為了使分詞的作用更加明了，使考生更加準(zhǔn)確地理解試題?？疾橛袃煞N情況(1)根據(jù)連詞選擇適當(dāng)?shù)姆衷~形式Michaelusedtolookhurtandsurprisedwhen______.(1995.1)A.scoldingB.toscoldC.havingscoldedD.scoldedwhen的使用說明非謂語動(dòng)詞做時(shí)間狀語，答案不可能是B，從scold與句子主語間的邏輯關(guān)系來看，應(yīng)該是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，答案應(yīng)該是D。(2)根據(jù)狀語的功能選擇不同的連詞Carefulsurveyshaveindicatedthatasmanyas50percentofpatientdonottakedrugs___directed.(1996.1)A.likeB.soC.whichD.as由上下文的意思可以看出，分詞所做的是方式狀語，連詞應(yīng)該是as。9)非謂語動(dòng)詞的體非謂語動(dòng)詞中分詞的體有完成體和進(jìn)行體，即havingdone,havingbeendone和beingdone，完成體只用于做狀語的場(chǎng)合，而進(jìn)行體可以用于做定語和做補(bǔ)足語。動(dòng)名詞的體也有havingdone,havingbeendone和beingdone的結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于做主語和賓語的場(chǎng)合。不定式的體有tobedoing和tohavedone，主要用于pretend,happen,seem,appear,besaidto等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：①Themaninthecornerconfessedto_____alietothemanagerofthecompany.(1997.6)A.havetoldB.betoldC.beingtoldD.havingtoldhavingtold在句中做介詞賓語，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。②I'dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramsseem____allthetime.(1997.1)A.togetworseB.tobegettingworseC.tohavegotworseD.gettingworse從allthetime的使用可以推斷getworse是一個(gè)漸變過程，所以用不定式的進(jìn)行體。③Thespeech_____alivelydiscussionstarted.(1995.1)A.beingdeliveredB.wasdeliveredC.bedeliveredD.havingbeendelivered該結(jié)構(gòu)屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做時(shí)間狀語，狀語分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，所以應(yīng)該用完成體，答案為D10)動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞符合結(jié)構(gòu)可以做主語、賓語和表語，在對(duì)動(dòng)名詞的考查中總是將其邏輯主語包括進(jìn)來，形成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：①_____inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.(1999.1)A.ThegirlwaseducatedB.ThegirleducatedC.Thegirl'sbeingeducatedD.Thegirltobeeducated本題涉及題眼比較多，A，為從句做主語，但缺少that，D為不定式做主語，但缺少for(forthegirltobeeducated)，B結(jié)構(gòu)不能做主語，答案是C，為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。②Annneverdreamsof_____forhertobesentabroadverysoon.A.therebeingachanceB.theretobeachanceC.therebeachanceD.beingachance介詞后用動(dòng)名詞，表示存在時(shí)必須用therebe句型，所以答案為A，這也是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，there為動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語。③Idon'tmind_____thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.A.youtodelaymakingB.yourdelayingmakingC.youdelayingtomakeD.youdelaytomake(2000.1)Mind要求接動(dòng)名詞,動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語用形容詞性物主代詞，答案自然是B。④Iwouldappreciate_____itasecret.(1995.6)A.yourkeepingB.youtokeepC.thatyoukeepD.thatyouwillkeep本題與上一題類似，答案是A。2.非謂語動(dòng)詞解題策略1)正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞這類題一般出現(xiàn)在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果在選項(xiàng)與句子之間沒有連詞，則說明，所選為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，既名詞或主格代詞+分詞。Allthings______,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A.consideredB.beconsideredC.consideringD.havingconsidered(1998.6)句子沒有連詞，說明所選結(jié)構(gòu)不屬于從句，那么就是獨(dú)立主格做狀語，根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，答案應(yīng)該是A。____,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.(1997.6)A.OtherthingsbeingequalB.WereotherthingsequalC.TobeequaltootherthingsD.Otherthingstobeequal做狀語的可以是從句，但B的結(jié)構(gòu)是虛擬條件，與這里不符，不表目的，C不對(duì)，不表將來，獨(dú)立主格中非謂語動(dòng)詞不能是不定式，答案為A。4)判斷動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的方式主語位置上，或動(dòng)詞、介詞后的"名詞代詞+非謂語動(dòng)詞"，如果表示的是一個(gè)事件則是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，而不是"名詞+定語。請(qǐng)看以下各例：Heinsistedonthewindows_____openwhilehewassleeping.A.leftB.beingleftC.leavingD.beleftinsiston后不接從句，D可以排除。這里表達(dá)的是堅(jiān)持要求"開著窗子睡覺"，所以應(yīng)該是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為B。Theroad__________causedustobeforourworkforhalfanhour.A.blockedB.wasblockedC.blockingD.beingblocked做主語的表示上班遲到的原因，自然應(yīng)該是"交通堵塞"，而不是"被堵的道路"，所以還是動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為D。Theconcernedmotherthrilledatthenewsofhisson_________tocollege.A.hadbeenadmittedB.admittedC.havingbeenadmittedD.havingadmitted消息表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是個(gè)事件，說明不是"被錄取的孩子"，介詞of后不可能接從句，說明of后為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，答案是C。3)注意分析非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系正確判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞與起邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系是正確選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的保證，不管是做什么成分的非謂語動(dòng)詞都體現(xiàn)以下特點(diǎn)：如果非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則用過去分詞;如果表示將來，則用動(dòng)詞不定式。這是非謂語動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用的基本原則，然后再根據(jù)其不同的作用，掌握其更細(xì)的規(guī)則。如：(1)做定語時(shí)做定語的可以是動(dòng)名詞、分詞或不定式。動(dòng)名詞做前置定語，所構(gòu)成的大多為固定短語，四級(jí)考試一般不涉及。主要考查分詞和不定式做定語。分詞或不定式做定語一般做后置定語。①Theproject____bytheendof2000,willexpandthecity'stelephonenetworktocover1,000,000users.A.accomplishedB.beingaccomplishedC.tobeaccomplishedD.havingbeenaccomplished②Hardwork____ontimewillleadtobettergrades.(1995.1)A.doneB.bedoneC.havingdoneD.tohavebeendone③Asearlyas1647Ohiomadeadecisionthatfree,tax-supportedschoolsmustbeestablishedineverytown_____50householdsormore.(1998.1)A.havingB.tohaveC.tohavehadD.havinghad④Those_____totheconferenceweremostlyfamousscientists.A.invitedB.wereinvitedC.invitingD.toinvite做定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞有一下幾種形式："doing結(jié)構(gòu)":分詞與中心詞之間是主謂關(guān)系,表示正在進(jìn)行,或狀態(tài)。如③"beingdone結(jié)構(gòu)"：分詞與中心詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行，如：Nooneistoenterthebuildingbeingrepaired."tobedone結(jié)構(gòu)"：不定式與中心詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示將來和被動(dòng)，如①。"done結(jié)構(gòu)"：分詞與中心詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)、完成或一般，如②④。"todo結(jié)構(gòu)"：不定式與中心詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示將來。如：Theprofessortogiveusaspeechtomorrowissaidtohavecompiledmanyscientificworks.完成形式不能做定語，包括分詞的完成形式和不定式的完成形式。(2)做狀語做狀語的可以是不定式，也可以是分詞。大體結(jié)構(gòu)有："doing結(jié)構(gòu)"：分詞與句子主語為主謂關(guān)系，表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是同時(shí)存在的狀態(tài)。如：______theearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedgeoftheearth.A.HavingbelievedB.BelievingC.BelievedD.Beingbelieved"done結(jié)構(gòu)"：只要分詞與句子主語間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系就可以用過去分詞，可以表示完成，可以表示正在進(jìn)行，也可以表示條件。如：_______inthisway,thesituationdoesn'tseemsodisappointing.A.ToolookatB.LookingatC.LookedatD.Tobelookedat(2000.1)Hecamein,followedbyagroupofreporters."havingdone結(jié)構(gòu)"：分詞與句子主語是主謂關(guān)系，切發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。Havingseenthefilmalready,Ideclinedhisinvitationtogotothecinema."havingbeendone結(jié)構(gòu)"：該結(jié)構(gòu)表示完成被動(dòng)，即分詞與句子主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，切發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。如：Havingbeenshowedmanytimes,hestilldidn'tunderstandtheoperationofthemachine."todo結(jié)構(gòu)"：這是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中可以做目的狀語，也可以做結(jié)果狀語，但不定式動(dòng)作總是發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之后。如：_______ateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamaster'sdegree.A.TobecomeB.BecomeC.OnebecomesD.Onbecoming表結(jié)果時(shí)一般為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，如too…to…,enoughto….，或是表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，?？杉訕?gòu)成onlyto的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：IdidwhatIcouldtocomfortheronlytomakehercryevenmore.Thenextday,shewoketofindherselfinhospital."beingdone結(jié)構(gòu)"：該結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)與正在進(jìn)行，一般置于句首，表示原因。如：Beingchasedbysomespies,hehidhimselfinthegrass.(2)做表語測(cè)試中對(duì)表語的考查主要側(cè)重在現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別上，所以對(duì)于做表語的非謂語動(dòng)詞，主要看分詞與句子主語之間的關(guān)系。做表語的分詞一般只有doing和done兩種形式?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示做表語的與主語是主謂關(guān)系;過去分詞表示做表語的與主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。根據(jù)使用規(guī)律，如果主語是無生命名詞，則表語分詞為現(xiàn)在分詞;如果主語是有生命名詞，以過去分詞居多，但也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞，但意思不同。如：Howdisappointedhefeltattheresultoftheelection.(他感到失望)Howdisappointingheis.Heshouldhavefailedinsuchanelection.(他令人失望)可接表語的系動(dòng)詞很多，除be外還有remain,feel,look,appear,seem,get,become,go。(3)做補(bǔ)足語一般做賓補(bǔ)的非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的形式選擇與其它成分中的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式選擇規(guī)則基本相同。doing結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞與賓語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，表正在進(jìn)行。WhenIcaughthim____meIstoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.A.cheatingB.cheatC.tocheatD.tobecheatingdone結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞與賓語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)與完成。Don'tgetyourschedule_____;staywithusinthisclass.(1996.1)A.tochangeB.changingC.changedD.changetodo結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式表示將來，如wishsomebodytodo,expectsomebodytodo,arrangeforsomebodytodo等等。beingdone結(jié)構(gòu)：表示被動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行,watchtheflagbeingraisedCornoriginatedintheNewWorldandthuswasnotknowninEuropeuntilColumbusfoundit_____inCuba.(2000.1)A.beingcultivatedB.beencultivatedC.havingcultivatedD.cultivatingtobedone結(jié)構(gòu)：用語表示將來與被動(dòng)，一般用語主謂關(guān)系時(shí)可用to做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞后，如：wantsomethingtobedone,ordersomethingtobedone完成形式不能做賓補(bǔ)。4)注意分析非謂語動(dòng)詞做什么狀語不同的狀語對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的要求不同，如表示目的只能是不定式，另外，測(cè)試中也常有選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞前連詞的試題。因此，同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意根據(jù)狀語與句子間的關(guān)系，判斷連詞的使用。5)注意不定式的特殊句式不定式在做定語和做狀語時(shí)都有其特殊句式，注意這些句式的特點(diǎn)，考試中就會(huì)少走一點(diǎn)彎路。如：havesomethingtodo類：這類結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于漢語的連動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，即"有事要做"，"買東西吃"，"借書看"等。aroominwhichtolive類：該類結(jié)構(gòu)是aroomtolivein的變體。但如果不熟悉這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，考試中則難以決斷。如：Youwillwanttwotreesabouttenfeetapart,from_____tosuspendyourtent.(1998.1)A.thereB.themC.whichD.whereTheprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds_____hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.(2000.6)A.tobebasedonB.tobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobasethefirsttodo該結(jié)構(gòu)表示如果名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)本身做名詞用，其后應(yīng)不定式做定語。theabilitytodo該結(jié)構(gòu)表示，形容詞變了的名詞后用不定式做定語。theneedtodo該結(jié)構(gòu)表示由動(dòng)詞變來的名詞后用不定式做定語。thewaytodo該結(jié)構(gòu)表示，在一些特定的名詞后面常用不定式做定語，應(yīng)注意記憶，如means,reason,time,pressure,moment6)熟記固定搭配，分清不定式與to加動(dòng)名詞其實(shí)容易產(chǎn)生不定式符號(hào)與介詞混淆的只是為數(shù)不多的某些句式，只要平時(shí)注意積累即可。preferdoingsomethingtodoingsomethinglookforwardtodoingsomethingbeusedtodoingsomething(習(xí)慣于做某事)sticktodoingsomethingobjecttodoingsomething/haveobjectiontodoingsomethingbeopposedtodoingsomethingadmit/confesstodoingsomethingIhavenoobjection_____yourstoryagain.(2000.6)A.tohearB.tohearingC.tohavingheardD.tohaveheardThemaninthecornerconfessedto________alietothemanagerofthecompany.A.havetoldB.betoldC.beingtoldD.havingtold從出題人的心理來看，如果有todosomething和todoingsomething的對(duì)比項(xiàng)，一般答案是todoingsomething。7)分清賓補(bǔ)的類別(1)感官動(dòng)詞后的賓補(bǔ)可以是doing,do,done,beingdone的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中beingdone只用于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞后面，如find,smell,feel等。(2)havesomebodydosomething讓某人做某事havesomebodydoingsomething讓某人一直做某事won'thavesomebodydosomething不許某人做某事havesomethingdone使某事被做havesomething+ving讓……一直……(3)catch,smell,keep,set,等只能接doing的結(jié)構(gòu),表示主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行。(4)leavesomebodydoingsomething讓某人一直做某事leavesomethingundone使某事只做了一半leavesomethingtobedone事情有待于解決leavesomebodytodosomething讓某事做某事，表示將來(5)withsomebodytodosomething賓補(bǔ)與賓語是主謂關(guān)系，表示將來。withsomebodydoingsomething賓補(bǔ)與賓語之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示正在進(jìn)行。withsomethingtodo賓補(bǔ)與賓語間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示將來，動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者在句中找的著。withsomethingtobedone賓補(bǔ)與賓語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示將來，但動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者在句中找不著。withsomethingdone賓補(bǔ)與賓語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示完成。8)注意下列結(jié)構(gòu)中非謂語動(dòng)詞的體pretend/appear/seem/happen/besaidtodosomething不定式動(dòng)作一般為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可是終止性動(dòng)詞，表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)存在或發(fā)生。pretend/appear/seem/happen/besaidtohavedonesomething不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。pretend/appear/seem/happen/besaidtobedoingsomething不定式動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)進(jìn)行9)熟記哪些動(dòng)詞后接不定式,哪些接動(dòng)名詞,如果兩者都可，又有什么差別。既可接不定式,又可接動(dòng)名詞,用法有別的動(dòng)詞?？嫉挠?forget,remember,regret,mean,try等。10)注意want/need/require表示"需要"時(shí)的特殊句式want/need/require表"需要"時(shí)，后接主動(dòng)的動(dòng)名詞或被動(dòng)的不定式，即doing或tobedone的形式。不可混淆。二、比較級(jí)1.TestYourself在我們分析比較級(jí)的測(cè)試特點(diǎn)探討其應(yīng)對(duì)策略之前,讓我們首先看以下幾題。1)Radio,televisionandpress____ofconveyingnewsandinformation.(1995.6)A.arethemostthreecommonmeansB.arethemostcommonthreemeansC.arethethreemostcommonmeansD.arethreethemostcommonmeans2)Iftapwaterwereasdangerousassomepeoplethink,________wouldbegettingsick.(1998.1)A.alotofmoreusB.morealotofusC.alotofusmoreC.alotmoreofus3)Thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn'tbotheredbyhisloudness___byhislackoftalent.(1999.1)A.thanB.morethanC.asD.somuchas4)Americanseat____astheyactuallyneedeveryday.(1998.6)A.twiceasmuchproteinB.twiceproteinasmuchtwiceC.twiceproteinasmuchD.proteinastwicemuch5)Therearefewelectronicapplications____toraisefearsregardingfutureemploymentopportunitiesthanrobots.A.likelyB.morelikelyC.mostlikelyD.muchlikely6)Thelittlemanwas____morethanonemeterfiftytall.(1995.1)A.nearlyB.quiteC.hardlyD.almost7)Certainprogramsworkbetterforsome___forothers.(1995.1)A.andB.thanC.asD.but8)Itisnotunusualforworkersinthatregion____.(1995.1)A.tobepaidmorethanamonthlateB.tobepaidlaterthanmoreamonthC.topaylaterthanamonthmoreD.topaylatemorethanamonth9)Itisreportedthat________adoptedchildrenwenttoknowwhotheirnaturalparentsare.(1997.1)A.themostB.mostofC.mostD.themostof10)Thelittlemanwas_______onemeterfiftyhigh.(1997.1)A.almostmorethanB.hardlymorethanC.nearlymorethanD.asmuchas參考答案：1)C2)C3)D4)A5)B6)C7)B8)A9)C10)B2.比較級(jí)測(cè)試特點(diǎn)在四級(jí)測(cè)試中，比較級(jí)屬低檔題，比較簡單，考查范圍大體有1)比較級(jí)形式的判斷比較級(jí)考題在設(shè)計(jì)干擾項(xiàng)時(shí)一般都會(huì)有比較與非比較的選擇，morethan與as/so…as的選擇。如上面的③，⑤。2)比較級(jí)的修飾語比較級(jí)的修飾語包括修飾語的結(jié)構(gòu)和修飾語的選用。結(jié)構(gòu)指比較級(jí)修飾語須置于比較級(jí)之前，如①，②和④。修飾語的選用根據(jù)其所表達(dá)的意思而定，如⑥，⑩。3)比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)與其它結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別如⑧中形容詞修飾語morethanamonth與比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別，⑨中most與themost的區(qū)別。3.比較級(jí)應(yīng)對(duì)策略1)如果選項(xiàng)中有比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，則該題則為比較級(jí)考查題，可根據(jù)比較級(jí)使用規(guī)則選擇正確答案。2)比較級(jí)修飾語應(yīng)注意morethan或as…as結(jié)構(gòu)之前。3)注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性，要么是morethan結(jié)構(gòu)，要么是as/so…as結(jié)構(gòu)，或是themore….,themore….的句型。4)注意結(jié)構(gòu)的各種變體：結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)名詞時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)可以是asoldacar,asmany/much/few/little…as。5)如果有比較對(duì)象的選擇應(yīng)注意比較對(duì)象的一致性和互不包容性。如：HisEnglishisbetterthananyoneelse'sinhisclass.二、比較級(jí)1.TestYourself在我們分析比較級(jí)的測(cè)試特點(diǎn)探討其應(yīng)對(duì)策略之前,讓我們首先看以下幾題。1)Radio,televisionandpress____ofconveyingnewsandinformation.(1995.6)A.arethemostthreecommonmeansB.arethemostcommonthreemeansC.arethethreemostcommonmeansD.arethreethemostcommonmeans2)Iftapwaterwereasdangerousassomepeoplethink,________wouldbegettingsick.(1998.1)A.alotofmoreusB.morealotofusC.alotofusmoreC.alotmoreofus3)Thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn'tbotheredbyhisloudness___byhislackoftalent.(1999.1)A.thanB.morethanC.asD.somuchas4)Americanseat____astheyactuallyneedeveryday.(1998.6)A.twiceasmuchproteinB.twiceproteinasmuchtwiceC.twiceproteinasmuchD.proteinastwicemuch5)Therearefewelectronicapplications____toraisefearsregardingfutureemploymentopportunitiesthanrobots.A.likelyB.morelikelyC.mostlikelyD.muchlikely6)Thelittlemanwas____morethanonemeterfiftytall.(1995.1)A.nearlyB.quiteC.hardlyD.almost7)Certainprogramsworkbetterforsome___forothers.(1995.1)A.andB.thanC.asD.but8)Itisnotunusualforworkersinthatregion____.(1995.1)A.tobepaidmorethanamonthlateB.tobepaidlaterthanmoreamonthC.topaylaterthanamonthmoreD.topaylatemorethanamonth9)Itisreportedthat________adoptedchildrenwenttoknowwhotheirnaturalparentsare.(1997.1)A.themostB.mostofC.mostD.themostof10)Thelittlemanwas_______onemeterfiftyhigh.(1997.1)A.almostmorethanB.hardlymorethanC.nearlymorethanD.asmuchas參考答案：1)C2)C3)D4)A5)B6)C7)B8)A9)C10)B2.比較級(jí)測(cè)試特點(diǎn)在四級(jí)測(cè)試中，比較級(jí)屬低檔題，比較簡單，考查范圍大體有1)比較級(jí)形式的判斷比較級(jí)考題在設(shè)計(jì)干擾項(xiàng)時(shí)一般都會(huì)有比較與非比較的選擇，morethan與as/so…as的選擇。如上面的③，⑤。2)比較級(jí)的修飾語比較級(jí)的修飾語包括修飾語的結(jié)構(gòu)和修飾語的選用。結(jié)構(gòu)指比較級(jí)修飾語須置于比較級(jí)之前，如①，②和④。修飾語的選用根據(jù)其所表達(dá)的意思而定，如⑥，⑩。3)比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)與其它結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別如⑧中形容詞修飾語morethanamonth與比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別，⑨中most與themost的區(qū)別。3.比較級(jí)應(yīng)對(duì)策略1)如果選項(xiàng)中有比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)，則該題則為比較級(jí)考查題，可根據(jù)比較級(jí)使用規(guī)則選擇正確答案。2)比較級(jí)修飾語應(yīng)注意morethan或as…as結(jié)構(gòu)之前。3)注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性，要么是morethan結(jié)構(gòu)，要么是as/so…as結(jié)構(gòu)，或是themore….,themore….的句型。4)注意結(jié)構(gòu)的各種變體：結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)名詞時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)可以是asoldacar,asmany/much/few/little…as。5)如果有比較對(duì)象的選擇應(yīng)注意比較對(duì)象的一致性和互不包容性。如：HisEnglishisbetterthananyoneelse'sinhisclass.三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.TestYourself首先讓我們分析以下近幾年情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考題：1)Thisboxistooheavy,_________givemeahand?(1998.1)A.wouldyoumindB.wouldyoupleaseC.willyouliketoD.willyoupleaseto2)Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe____duringtheday.(1999.1)A.shouldhavedoneB.wouldhavedoneC.mayhavedoneD.musthavedone3)Itwasverykindofyoutodothewashing-up,butyou____it.(1998.6)A.mustn'thavedoneB.wouldn'thavedoneC.mightn'thavedoneD.didn'thavetodo4)Ifyoudon'tliketoswim,you___stayathome.(1995.1)A.shouldaswellB.mayaswellC.canaswellD.wouldaswell5)You____himsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.(2000.6)A.shouldn'tfollowB.mustn'tfollowC.couldn'thavebeenfollowingD.shouldn'thavebeenfollowing6)You___herinherofficelastFriday;she'sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.(19996.1)A.needn'thaveseenB.musthaveseenC.mighthaveseenD.can'thaveseen7)Theroomisinaterriblemess;it____cleaned.(1996.6)A.can'thavebeenB.shouldn'thavebeenC.mustn'thavebeenD.wouldn'thavebeen參考答案1)B2)C3)D4)B5)D6)C7)A2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的測(cè)試要點(diǎn)從以上例題可以看出，四級(jí)語法對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的測(cè)試大體有以下幾點(diǎn)。1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法，如①④⑤。2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的完成形式的用法，如③⑥。3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)性用法⑦。3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的應(yīng)對(duì)策略情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用主要根據(jù)其所表達(dá)的含義。解題時(shí)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞自身結(jié)構(gòu)要正確結(jié)構(gòu)包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞自身的搭配和其后的連帶成分。除ought外情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接原形動(dòng)詞，測(cè)試中常將不同結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞置于一起設(shè)干擾項(xiàng)，如①。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都與請(qǐng)求有關(guān)，但wouldyoumind后接動(dòng)名詞，一般說wouldyouliketo而不是willyouliketo，willyouplease后用原形動(dòng)詞，答案是wouldyouplease?2)注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞推測(cè)性用法中各個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用的句型是否與題干句型一致。在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)性用法中，must,can,may,might,could各用于不同的句型，應(yīng)注意分辨。具體使用規(guī)律為：must只用于肯定句中。can/could不能用語肯定句中。may/might不能用語疑問句中。另外還應(yīng)注意can't表示"不可能"，maynot表示"可能不"。考試時(shí)，如果有原因說明自己的猜測(cè)，一般應(yīng)該must,can't用而不是may,maynot。如：Hecan't