新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題01 高頻語法之名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞與語法填空（原卷版）

專題01高頻語法之名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞與語法填空（原卷版） 一、名詞、代詞、冠詞 1.思維導(dǎo)圖 2.高考真題再現(xiàn)一、2022年高考真題1.（2022新高考I卷）Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes__________sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.2.（2022全國甲卷）____________friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehiscompanionduringthetrip.（2022年浙江1月真題）Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakifshecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree-quartersof___________time,theyagreed.（2022新高考二卷）___37___BrownfamilyliveinanapartmentbuildingoutsideToronto.（2022.6新高考1卷語法填空）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate___62___(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,and_eventually(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.答案：.populations（2022全國乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe__largest_(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasa___65___(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.（2022全國乙卷）TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremonyopening__________(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.二、2021年高考真題（2021.6新高考1卷語法填空）Whileyou'reinChina,MountHuangshanis

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musttovisit!（2021.6新高考1卷語法填空）Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe

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(human)are.（2021.6全國甲卷語法填空）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand

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(watchtower)totakepictures...（2021.6全國乙卷語法填空）.

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(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking（遠(yuǎn)足）andaccommodationsaim

tohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.（2021.6新高考1卷語法填空）Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad"willneverdisappear",anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor'smemory.Itsuredoesin

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(I).（2021.1浙江卷語法填空）Itiscalculatedbydividinga

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(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25

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(consider)healthy.（2021.6全國甲卷語法填空）Ittookusabout3hourstogoall

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wayaroundtheXi'anCityWall.（2021.6全國乙卷語法填空）Dueto

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growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes

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tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:（2021.6浙江卷語法填空）

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Lincolnsenlargedthehousetoafulltwostoriesin1856tomeettheneedsoftheirgrowingfamily.（2021.6浙江卷語法填空）In1844theyboughtit

for＄1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir

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(marry)ceremonyin1842..（2021.6全國乙卷語法填空）Ecotourismhas

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(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.（2021.6全國乙卷語法填空）Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome

educatedabouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe

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(develop)ofthelocalareas.（2021.6浙江卷語法填空）Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionof

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(she),everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder."三、2020年高考真題（2020·新課標(biāo)=1\*ROMANI卷語法填空）Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular64(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moreso65thefamiliarnearside.（2020·新課標(biāo)=1\*ROMANI卷語法填空）Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashow69iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether70(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.（2020·新課標(biāo)=2\*ROMANII卷語法填空）ChineseNewYearisa61(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.（2020·山東卷語法填空）Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimagine42．(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43（walking）(walk)througharainforest.四、2019年高考真題【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Of___69___nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,sixare(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】Everybodywears___57___samestyleofclothes..（2019·北京卷·語法填空）Nervously__facing_(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto___3___(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.五．2018年高考真題【2018·新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空】Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014that/whichshowedamerefiveto10【2018·新課標(biāo)卷II·語法填空】Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover___62___past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.【2018·新課標(biāo)卷III·語法填空】Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat____62____topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.【2018·新課標(biāo)卷III·語法填空】MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma___66___(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.【2018·浙江卷·語法填空】FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese56(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.【2018·浙江卷·語法填空】FResearchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein64(weigh)problems.六、2017年高考真題【2017·新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空】As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.【2017·新課標(biāo)卷II·語法填空】Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible61(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.【2017·新課標(biāo)卷II·語法填空】Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64top. 3.模擬檢測1.（2022·新疆·布爾津縣高級(jí)中學(xué)一模）Handwritingis____5____importantskillthatgoesbeyondcommunication.2.（2022·云南·一模）IthaslongbeenadreamfortheLaopeopletoseetheircountrychangefromaland-lockedcountry___15___a“l(fā)and-linkedone”,andtheopeningofthenewrailwayisabigsteptowardturningtheirdreamintoreality.3.（2022·河南·模擬預(yù)測）Watermistwassprayed___45___theair,whichwasthencrystallized(結(jié)晶)thesnowwiththefreezingairtemperature.4.（2022·云南·一模）TheopeningoftheChina-LaosRailwaywillthushelpspeedthedevelopmentoftheChina-LaosEconomicCorridor,andwillfurtheradvancethebuildingofaChina-Laoscommunitywith____20____sharedfuture.5.（2022·河南·三模）TheseGamesarenot____39____endofthestory.Withtheirperformanceandtheirappearance,eachoftheseathletescanwinoverahugenewfancommunityforthetimeaftertheGames.6.（2022·重慶南開中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）Andwithoutcourage,we’llneverstepinto____44____unknown.7.（2022·重慶·一模）Theyalsosetupthetrafficsignalsand___55___seriesoftrafficmonitoringequipment.8.（2021?漳州一中新高考模擬?語法填空?T10）Theasteroid(小行星)10930Jinyong(1998CR2)isnamed___10___him.9.【江蘇省常州高級(jí)中學(xué)2021屆高三調(diào)研】Oncanvas(畫布),itseffectisclose______theartofChinesecalligraphy.10.【湖北省武漢外國語學(xué)校2021屆高三調(diào)研】Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdisease______theirbodieswiththeirmeals.11.【遼寧省朝陽市建平縣2021屆高三9月聯(lián)考】Whileit’swonderfulforpeoplewhowanttoseewhatthesemuseumsofferandteachthem,it’snotalwaysthebestforthemuseumsfacingincreasinghardshipsinterms______funding. 4.考試技巧【名詞的關(guān)鍵技法點(diǎn)撥】語法填空解題策略:1.根據(jù)語境標(biāo)志詞判斷名詞(1)看到冠詞或形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞時(shí),要想到名詞;(2)遇到介詞或及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)要想到名詞;(3)當(dāng)看到并列連詞所連接的前或后是名詞時(shí)要想到名詞。2.根據(jù)規(guī)則確定名詞單復(fù)數(shù)(1)如果空格處被these,several,many和數(shù)詞等修飾時(shí),要考慮用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式;(2)如果一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞原形或are,要考慮用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式;(3)在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中要熟記名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則,方能解決好此類問題。3.熟記常見名詞后綴:-age表示“狀態(tài);場所;費(fèi)用”;-ory表示“工作場所;住處”;-ology表示“……學(xué);……論”;-ure表示“狀態(tài)”;-cy表示“性質(zhì);狀態(tài)”;-ery表示“境遇;狀況;性質(zhì);行為”;-ism表示“主義”;-ty表示“性質(zhì);狀態(tài);程度”?！竟谠~和代詞的關(guān)鍵技法點(diǎn)撥】【關(guān)鍵技法點(diǎn)撥】語法填空解題策略在語法填空中冠詞和介詞(短語)必考,不給出提示詞。代詞考查相對(duì)較少,而且有時(shí)會(huì)給出提示詞或者可能填其他詞。1.根據(jù)泛指或特指選擇冠詞如果空格后的名詞或“形容詞+名詞”前沒有形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或指示代詞等限定詞時(shí)很可能填冠詞。2.根據(jù)固定句式或固定搭配選擇冠詞英語中有很多帶有冠詞的固定句式或短語,記住這些句式和短語也有利于解決此類問題。3.熟記常用的不定代詞,如one,all,both,either,neither,each,many,much,little,few,other,another,something,nothing等。4.人稱、物主、反身代詞:“成分”是關(guān)鍵(1)如果句中缺少主語,則用人稱代詞的主格;(2)如果句中缺少賓語或表語,則用人稱代詞的賓格;(3)如果句中缺少定語,則用形容詞性物主代詞;(4)如果賓語或表語又反射到句子主語,則用反身代詞。 5.知識(shí)點(diǎn)拓展1.名詞考點(diǎn)1.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)(1)規(guī)則變化:一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es。規(guī)則例詞一般在詞尾加-smap—maps,sea—seas,girl—girls,day—days以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esclass—classes,box—boxes,watch—watches,dish—dishes以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf—leaves,thief—thieves,knife—knives,half—halves,loaf—loaves,wife—wives,shelf—shelves加-sbelief—beliefs,chief—chiefs,proof—proofs,roof—roofs以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加-esparty—parties,family—families,story—stories,city—cities以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的,加-stoy—toys,boy—boys,day—days,ray—rays,Henry—Henrys以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加-eshero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—tomatoes不少外來詞加-spiano—pianos,photo—photos,kilo—kilos兩者皆可zero—zeros/zeroesvolcano—volcanos/volcanoesmosquito—mosquitos/mosquitoes規(guī)則例詞以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-sradio—radios,bamboo—bamboos,zoo—zoos以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-struth—truths,mouth—mouths,month—months,path—paths(2)不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則例詞改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse—mice單復(fù)數(shù)相同species,sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,li,yuan,jin只有復(fù)數(shù)形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people,police,cattle,staff部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)(整體)也可以作復(fù)數(shù)(成員)audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)),forces(軍隊(duì)),times(時(shí)代),spirits(情緒),drinks(飲料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件,報(bào)紙),manners(禮貌),looks(外表),brains(頭腦智力),greens(青菜),ruins(廢墟)表示“某國人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends無主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)womensingers,menservants考點(diǎn)2不可數(shù)名詞1.不可數(shù)名詞量的表達(dá)不可數(shù)名詞一般不能直接用不定冠詞或數(shù)詞修飾，而應(yīng)與特定的單位名詞連用來表示量的概念，如：acupoftea,fourpiecesofbread等。2.抽象名詞的具體化這類名詞如果僅僅表示某種概念，是不可數(shù)名詞；如果表示具體的人或事，就成了可數(shù)名詞，前面常加不定冠詞，如：pleasure,help,honor,surprise,success,failure等。有些抽象名詞在具體化時(shí)，還可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，如：nopains,nogains；表示特指時(shí)，可與定冠詞連用。3.學(xué)科名詞和集體名詞的意義(1)有些學(xué)科名詞以s結(jié)尾，但表示單數(shù)意義，如：physics,maths,politics等。(2)有些集體名詞通常只用于表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，如：police,people,cattle等。(3)有些集體名詞在表示整體時(shí)為單數(shù)概念，在表示集體中的各個(gè)成員時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)概念，如：class,family,couple,audience,government,public等?？键c(diǎn)3名詞所有格1.表示有生命物體的名詞所有格(1)一般在詞尾加’s，如：theboy’sbag,men’srooms等。(2)以s結(jié)尾的詞直接加’，如：theworkers’struggle，thestudents’readingroom等。(3)并列名詞表示各自所屬時(shí)，在名詞后都加’s，如：John’sandMary’srooms(約翰和瑪麗各自的房間)；表示共同所屬時(shí)，在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s，如：JohnandMary’sroom(約翰和瑪麗共同的房間)。(4)在表示店鋪、餐館、診所的名稱或某人的家時(shí)，其所有格后面的名詞可省略，如：atthedoctor’s在診所，atmysister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。2.of所有格的用法用于無生命的東西thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook用于有生命的東西,尤其是有較長定語時(shí)theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents用于名詞化的詞thestruggleoftheoppressed考點(diǎn)4名詞作定語1.名詞作定語時(shí)一般用單數(shù)，表示類別、處所、材料、身份、性別、功能、用途等。例如：stonefigures石像，papermoney紙幣，bookstores書店，eveningdress晚禮服。2.有些情況下，也可用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。例如：agoodstrain貨運(yùn)列車，twomendoctors兩個(gè)男醫(yī)生，aclothesshop服裝店，asalesmanager銷售經(jīng)理。3.“數(shù)字＋連字符＋名詞”作定語時(shí)，名詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如：afive-yearplan一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃，aten-milewalk一段十英里的路程?？键c(diǎn)5名詞與固定搭配名詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配主要有兩類：“動(dòng)詞＋名詞”和“介詞＋名詞”。常見短語如下：makepreparationsfor,makefriendswith,giveregardsto,makebothendsmeet,fixone’seyesupon/on,ingreatdemand，inhighspirits，inagreementwith，payattentionto，keeppacewith，attachimportanceto，gain/haveanadvantageover，makea/no/somedifference2.代詞：考點(diǎn)1人稱代詞；物主代詞；反身代詞人稱單復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfItItItsitsitself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves考點(diǎn)2指示代詞this,that,these,those,such,some疑問代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as不定代詞普通不定代詞one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittle,other/another,all/both,neither/either復(fù)合不定代詞something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,everyone,noone/none,someone,anyone相互代詞eachother,oneanother考點(diǎn)3常見代詞用法比較1.each,both,all,either,any,neither,none用法辨析全體都each兩者及以上每一與not連用表部分否定both兩者全都all三者及以上全都全體中任一either兩者任一與not連用表全部否定any三者及以上任一全體都不neither兩者都不表全部否定none三者及以上都不2.one,it,that,those用法辨析one泛指同類事物替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。it特指同一事物替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可指代前面整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容。that特指同類事物替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，同theone，或替代不可數(shù)名詞，后接of。those特指同類事物替代復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，同theones，后接定語或接of結(jié)構(gòu)。3.other,another,others用法辨析other(兩者之中)另一個(gè)或(三者以上)其余。one...theother表“兩者中一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……”；還用于(數(shù)詞＋)other＋名詞。another作形容詞，后接單數(shù)名詞，表“另一，又一”；還用于another＋數(shù)詞＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞。others表泛指，theothers指“剩余全部”，常見形式some...(the)others。4.many,much,some,any,little,few用法辨析許多many修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)；作副詞修飾比較級(jí)。一些some修飾名詞，常用于肯定句中。與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用，表“一些”；修飾單數(shù)名詞，表“某一”；作副詞，用于數(shù)詞前，表“大約”。any修飾名詞，用于否定句和疑問句中，與不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用；用于肯定句中時(shí)，修飾單數(shù)名詞，表“任一”；作副詞修飾比較級(jí)。少量(a)little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)；作副詞修飾比較級(jí)；notalittle表“非常，很”，而notabit表示“一點(diǎn)也不”。(a)few修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。考點(diǎn)4it的用法非人稱代詞It’squitehothereinsummer,isn’tit?It’searlymidnightnow.We’dbettergotobed.It’saboutanhour’sdrivefromheretoNanchang.指代日期、時(shí)間、季節(jié)、天氣、溫度、距離、重量、環(huán)境、情況等形式成分形式主語Itisdifficulttounderstandwhyshebarkseveryminutesheisoutside.真正的主語由不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或從句充當(dāng)形式賓語Susanmadeitcleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.真正的賓語由不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式或從句充當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Itwasunderthebedthatmybrotherhidtheballthismorning.ItisMrBellwho/thatoftencomesandlooksaftertheoldman.指人時(shí)可以用who或that,其他情況一律用that冠詞1：考點(diǎn)梳理定冠詞與不定冠詞的區(qū)別；不定冠詞a，an的區(qū)別；零冠詞的使用；常見搭配中的冠詞；特指與泛指時(shí)冠詞的使用。2：考點(diǎn)詳解考點(diǎn)1不定冠詞a(n)1.用于泛指某一類人或物中的任何一個(gè)。ThevillagewhereIwasbornhasgrownintoatown.2.用于第一次提到或出現(xiàn)的名詞前，表泛指，不特別指明具體情況。Thereisacuponthedesk,butthecupisn’tmine.3.用于序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一，再一”。Ihavethreebooks,andIwanttobuyafourthone.4.用于形容詞的比較級(jí)前，表示“一個(gè)更……的”。Ifwesitnearthefrontofthebus,we’llhaveabetterview.5.用于姓名、星期名稱前，表示“某個(gè)名叫……的人，一個(gè)跟某人相仿的人，某人的作品、發(fā)明”或“某個(gè)星期幾”。ExpertsthinkthattherecentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybeaPicasso.專家們認(rèn)為這幅新發(fā)現(xiàn)的油畫或許是畢加索的畫作。6.用于表示價(jià)格、速度、比率等的名詞前表示“每一”。Heworkseighthoursaday.7.用于物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞具體化時(shí)。這類名詞僅表示概念時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加冠詞。但如果表示具體的人或事，特別是前面有形容詞修飾時(shí)，就變成了可數(shù)名詞，前面要加不定冠詞。具有此用法的名詞有：success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,pity,danger,comfort,honour等。surprise驚奇→asurprise一件意想不到/令人驚奇的事failure失敗→afailure一個(gè)失敗的人；一件失敗的事success成功→asuccess一個(gè)成功的人；一件成功的事rain雨→aheavyrain一場大雨注意：常考的不可數(shù)名詞有：baggage,luggage,furniture,health,weather,fun,space(太空),advice,word(消息),progress,information,news,equipment,wealth等。這些不可數(shù)名詞一般不與不定冠詞連用?？键c(diǎn)2定冠詞the表示某一類人或物 Thehorseisausefulanimal.用于世上獨(dú)一無二的事物名詞前 theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事 Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?用于樂器前面 playtheviolin,playtheguitar用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人 therich,theliving,thewounded表示“一家人”或“夫婦” theGreens,theWangs用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)前 Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.用于國家、黨派等以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群島的名詞前 theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theWestLake用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前 ThecompasswasinventedinChina.在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前,指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代 inthe1990s用于表示單位的名詞前 Ihiredthecarbythehour.用于方位名詞、身體部位名詞以及表示時(shí)間的詞組前 Hepattedmeontheshoulder.考點(diǎn)3零冠詞1.不含普通名詞的專有名詞或表示泛指的抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前通常不加冠詞。Rockclimbingisofgreatfun.Youwillgetclosetonatureandtakeadventuresatthesametime.2.表示季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、學(xué)科、語言、球類、棋類以及三餐等的名詞前，常用零冠詞。Hehadnothingforbreakfastthismorning.Springcomesafterwinter.3.表示獨(dú)一無二的職位、職務(wù)、頭銜的名詞在句中作表語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語時(shí)，其前通常不加冠詞。Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.4.在“單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋as/though”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。Goodchoiceas/thoughitmaybe,hehasdecidedtogiveitup.5.turn意為“變?yōu)?，成為”時(shí)，后面作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。但是become意為“變?yōu)椋蔀椤睍r(shí)，后面作表語的單數(shù)名詞前加不定冠詞。Hisdreamistoturnlawyerwhilehissister’sistobecomeadancer.6.名詞前已有this,that,my,your,some,each,no,any等指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格時(shí)，其前不加冠詞。Iwantthatbookaboutcars.考點(diǎn)4固定搭配1：allofasudden突然;asamatteroffact事實(shí)上;onceaweek每周一次;ataloss不知所措,茫然;beonavisit參觀,拜訪;be/goonadiet節(jié)食;givesb.alift讓某人搭便車;haveagiftfor...在……方面有天賦;haveagoodtime玩得開心;haveawordwith...與……談話;inahurry匆忙地;inaway從某種意義上說;makealiving謀生;takeawalk散步;takeaninterestin...對(duì)……感興趣;take/havearest休息一會(huì)兒;acoupleof兩三個(gè);abit一點(diǎn);onceuponatime從前;manyatime許多次2：atthemoment此刻,目前;atthesametime同時(shí);bytheway順便說一下;onthespot當(dāng)場;makethebest/mostof...充分利用……;inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處;intheend最終;inthehabitof有……的習(xí)慣;theotherday前幾天;ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand...一方面……,另一方面……;tothepoint中肯,切題3：infact事實(shí)上;forexample例如;indanger在危險(xiǎn)中;withpleasure高興地;intime及時(shí);infear恐懼地;atwork在上班;atdinner在吃飯;afterschool放學(xué)后;atfirst起初;atlast最終;byhand手工做的;payattentionto注意;setfireto放火;takepridein以……為豪;takecareof照顧;takeoffice就職;takepartin參加;intown在城里;keep...inmind牢記;introuble處在麻煩中;onfoot步行;leaveword留言;ontime按時(shí);catchsightof看見;doharmto對(duì)……有害;loseweight減肥二、介詞 1.思維導(dǎo)圖 2.高考真題再現(xiàn)2022-2018年高考真題1.（2022年新高考1卷）Giantpandasalsoserve___64___anumbrellaspecies(物種),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.2.（2022全國甲卷）Heflew4,700kilometers___69___Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20,planningtohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.3.（2022全國乙卷）May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially___61___theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.（2021.6全國甲卷語法填空）Itwasbuiltoriginallytoprotectthecity

2

theTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored（修復(fù)）.5.（2021.6全國乙卷語法填空）Dueto

thegrowingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes

6

tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.6.（2021.1浙江卷語法填空）Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreased

5

2.1inwomenandmen.7.（2021.6浙江卷語法填空）In1844theyboughtit

2

＄1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser...8.（2020·新課標(biāo)=2\*ROMANII卷語法填空）Oranges:Orangetreesaremore64decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.9.（2020·新課標(biāo)=3\*ROMANIII卷語法填空）Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(謙卑)bythegreatestartist70．earth,MotherNature.10.（2020·山東卷語法填空）Museumsmustcompete45people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.11.（2020·浙江卷語法填空）Sometimeafter10，000BC，peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived56．，throughagriculture.56．12.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Modemmethods___63___trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensivetoperform(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.13.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack___63___dogs，seventobeexact.14.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer___61___thisquestionisnotclear.15.【2018·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】Iwassearching___67___thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving. 3.模擬檢測1.（2022·廣東廣州·一模）ForLucy,nothingbeatstraveling,whichshedescribed______59______herfavoritepartofbeingalive.2.（2022·新疆·布爾津縣高級(jí)中學(xué)一模）Studieshaveshownthatstudentswhousehandwritingtotakenotesinclassrememberinformationbetter—improvingtheirscores____7____asmuchas15percent.3.（2022·陜西省榆林中學(xué)二模）____23____otherwords,just“l(fā)ieflat”.4.（2022·重慶·一模）ItbeganonJanuary19andfinished___56___theearlymorningofJanuary20.5.（2021·諸暨市5月模擬·語法填空·T5）Scientistssaythatanother26.5trillionpoundswillbeproducedworldwide___5___2050.6.（2021·成都三診·語法填空·T8）Aftertakingmypulse,lookingatmytongue,andaskingafewquestions___8___mydietandlifestyle,theacupuncturistcorrectlyreasonedthatIwasworn-out.7.（2021?珠海市二模?語法填空?T9）Analysisofelementsintherelicsindicatessourcessimilar____9____thoseofotherculturesalongtheYangtzeRiver.8.（2021?肇慶市三模?語法填空?T2）Changestowaterresourcescanhaveabigimpact____2____people'slives.9.（2021?玉林市一模?語法填空?T10）“AccusingtheBritish____10____havingnosenseofhumorisliketellingRolls-Roycethatitscarsaredown-market.”10.（2021?永春縣第三次聯(lián)考?語法填空?T7）“Tu’swinningtheprizesignifiesChina’sprosperityandprogressinscientificandtechnologicalfield,marksagreatcontributionoftraditionalChinesemedicine____7____thecauseofhumanhealthandshowsChina’sgrowingstrengthsandrisinginternationalstanding,”PremierLiKeqiangsaidinacongratulatoryletteronMondayevening.11.【遼寧省遼陽市2021屆高三模擬】It'snotactuallyjustforgrandparents,butit'salsotogivegrandparentsanopportunitytoshowlove______theirchildren'schildren.12.【遼寧省遼西地區(qū)2021屆高三大聯(lián)考】Weusebicyclestodayforrecreation,fitnessandsoon.______thebicycle,muchoftheworldmightstopworking!13.【遼寧省葫蘆島市2021屆高三模擬】Theridelastsseveralminutes.Ittravelsfromthesecurityareatotheboardinggate______aspeedof3.5kilometersperhour.14.【江蘇省如皋市2021屆高三調(diào)研】Thisresultsintheaccidentalentry______foreignobjects.15.【江蘇省海安高級(jí)中學(xué)2021屆高三五調(diào)】In1995,Dr.MadanKatariacalledonagroupofstudentsinaparktotestwhetheraddingregularlaughtertopeople’sliveswouldimprovetheirwell-being,Katariaalsointroduceddeepbreathingandsimpleyogamoves______theexercises.16.【湖南省長沙一中2021屆高三四調(diào)】Iwasremarkablehowacommunitylostsomuchandwasstillabletorecover,andthisleftthedeepestimpression______thestudents.17.【湖北省宜昌市2021屆高三聯(lián)考】AtopofficialtoldXinhua.“______(give)thedifficultiesexperiencedthisyear,theprogressbeingmadebyBeijing2022hasbeenunusual.18.【湖北省孝感高中2021屆高三模擬】Itbegan______asportenjoyedmainlybyveryrichpeople.19.【湖北省孝感高級(jí)中學(xué)2021屆高三調(diào)研】Sotryingtobuildcloseconnections______afewpeopleshouldbeapriority(優(yōu)先考慮的事情).20.【湖北省武漢市武昌區(qū)2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】Xiong,avisuallydisabledyoungwomanwhostartedlearningthepianoattheageof6,saidheridolwasBeethoven,whowentcompletelydeaflaterandtheirphysicalchallengesledbothofthemtoestablishaconnectionwiththeoutsideworld______music.21.【廣東省深圳外國語學(xué)校2021屆高三四調(diào)】Followinghisrecentrisetofame,Rizeahasbeenaskedbymanycities,includingthecapitalofRomaniatotransformtheiroldtreetrunks______worksofart.22.【廣東省華南師大附中2021屆高三調(diào)研】Ifawomanis______40,orevenifsheis80,herbirthdayisalwaysthe39th.Ifsheisinherthirties,herbirthdaywillbethe29th.23.【廣東省華南師大附中2021屆高三調(diào)研】Andinhertwenties,it’sthe19th.Theyusuallyhavetheir“real”birthdaywhentheyare______20.24.【廣東省2021屆高三四校聯(lián)考】Whenwelookup______thenightsky,weseestars,thetwinkleofamovingsatelliteandoccasionallyadistantplanet.25.【福建省福州一中2021屆高三調(diào)研】Elephantsarenotfansofstrangers.However,Chenandhiscolleaguescantakeonlythreedays______everymonth. 4.考試技巧【介詞的關(guān)鍵技法點(diǎn)撥】“四種方法”確定介詞(1)根據(jù)介詞短語與謂語的邏輯關(guān)系;(2)根據(jù)語境含義結(jié)合介詞用法;(3)根據(jù)特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系,如接復(fù)合賓語就只能用with或without;(4)根據(jù)介詞與動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞等的搭配。 5.知識(shí)點(diǎn)拓展一、表示“時(shí)間”的介詞1.at,on,in(1)

at表示“在某一時(shí)刻，某一時(shí)點(diǎn)”。如： Igetupat6:00everyday.

我每天6點(diǎn)起床。注：atdaybreak在黎明 atnoon在中午 atnight在夜間 atChristmas在圣誕節(jié)期間 attheageoffive在五歲時(shí)(2)

on表示“在具體某一天或某天的上、下午”。如： Iheardashoton(themorningof)

March18.

三月十八日(早晨)

我聽到一聲槍響。 Wedon’thaveclassesonSunday.

星期天我們不上課。(3)

in表示“在某世紀(jì)、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如： inthe20thcentury在20世紀(jì) in1999在1999年 inwinter在冬季 inSeptember在九月 inthemorning/afternoon/evening

在上午/下午/晚上【巧學(xué)妙記】 at用在時(shí)刻前，亦與正午、午夜連，黎明、終止和開端，at與之緊接著相伴。 周月季年長時(shí)間，in須放在其前面，泛指一晌和傍晚，也要放在in后邊。 on指特定某一天，日期、星期和節(jié)日前某天上下和夜晚，依然要在on后站。 今明昨天前后天，上下這那每之前，at、in、on都不用，此乃習(xí)慣記心間。 注：“上下這那每之前”是指“l(fā)ast/next/this/that/every”之前。2.for,during,through(1)

for后接“一段時(shí)間”，表示某事持續(xù)多久，多與完成時(shí)連用。如： Shehasbeenillforseveraldays.

她已經(jīng)病了幾天了。(2)

during表示“在……期間”。如： IwenttoFrancefortwoweeksduringthesummer.

夏天我去了法國兩個(gè)星期。(3)

through表示“一直……，自始至終”。如： Theyworkedhardthroughthewinter.

整個(gè)冬天他們都在努力工作。3.from,since(1)

from表示“時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)”，可譯作“從……”，多用于“from…to/till…”中。如： YoucancomeanytimefromMondaytoFriday.

周一至周五你什么時(shí)間來都行。(2)

since表示“自從……以來（直到現(xiàn)在）”。如： Wehaveknowneachothersincetenyearsago.

我們十年前就認(rèn)識(shí)了。注意： for和since都常與完成時(shí)連用，但for接時(shí)間段，since接時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如: fortwohours（持續(xù)）兩小時(shí) sincelastweek從上周直到現(xiàn)在4.before,by,till,until(1)

before指“在……之前”，與after相對(duì)。如： Pleasecomebeforeteno’clock.

請(qǐng)10點(diǎn)以前來。(2)

by指“不遲于，到……時(shí)為止，在……以前”。如： Wehadlearnedover1000wordsbytheendoflastterm.

到上學(xué)期末為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了1000多個(gè)單詞了。 Wewillhavelearned2000Englishwordsbytheendofthisterm.

到本學(xué)期結(jié)束前，我們將學(xué)了兩千英語單詞了。注：by后接過去時(shí)間，常與過去完成時(shí)連用；by后接將來時(shí)間，常與將來完成時(shí)連用。(3)

till(until)

“直到……為止”。在肯定句中，till/until必須與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞連用；在否定句中，till/until常與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。如 Ididn’tgotobeduntil12o’clock.

直到12點(diǎn)我才睡。 Youmustwaitforhimtilltomorrow.

你必須一直等到他明天。5.after,in,within(1)

in和after都可表示“在……之后”，但用法不同：a.用in時(shí)要具備兩個(gè)條件：用于將來時(shí)；后接時(shí)間段 I’llarriveinanhour.

我一小時(shí)后到達(dá)。b.after既可用于將來時(shí)，也可用于過去時(shí) Hegotacanceranddiedafterayear.

他患了癌癥，一年后去世了。 Themeetingwillendafter3:00pm.

會(huì)議將在下午三點(diǎn)后結(jié)束。(2)

within“在……時(shí)間之內(nèi)”。強(qiáng)調(diào)事情發(fā)生的全過程不超出某一時(shí)間，沒有時(shí)態(tài)的限制。如： Icanfinishitwithinanhour.

我不需一小時(shí)就可把它做完。二、表示“地點(diǎn)、方位”的介詞1.at,on,to,in at表示在小地方;在……附近，旁邊 in表示在大地方;在……圍之內(nèi) on表示毗鄰，接壤 to表示在??范圍外，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否接壤 Hearrivedatthestationatten. Heissittingatthedesk. HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday. JiangsuliesintheeastofChina. RussialiveonthenorthofChina. FujianistothesouthofJiangsuProvince.2.above,over,on above指在……上方,不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直，與below相對(duì)； over指垂直的上方,與under相對(duì),但over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸； on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。 Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead. Thereisabridgeovertheriver. Heputhiswatchonthedesk.3.along,through,across(1)

across

和

through

都可表示“橫過”或“穿過”，前者主要表示從某物的表面“橫過”，涉及“面”的概念；而后者則表示從某個(gè)空間“穿過”，涉及“體”的概念。如： Hewalkedacrosstheroadcarefully.

他小心地走過馬路。 Hewalkedthroughtheforestalone.

他獨(dú)自一人走過森林。有時(shí)

across

表示“橫過”也可在“體”內(nèi)進(jìn)行，但此時(shí)它仍與through

有差別：前者表示從某個(gè)“體”的一端到另一端，而后者表示穿過兩端。如： Hewalkedacrossthehall.

他從大廳的一端走到另一端。 Hewalkedthroughthehall.

他穿過大廳。(2)along

表示“沿著”，通常用于狹長的東西。如： Isawhimrunningalongtheroad.

我看見他沿著這條路跑。4.between,among between一般指“兩者之間” among用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物之中，或籠統(tǒng)的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中間”。如： Betweenthedoorandthewindowsthereisamap.門和窗戶的中間有一張地圖。 Theyhidthemselvesamongthetrees.他們躲在樹林中。三、其他介詞1.表示“工具或手段”的介詞by,with,on（1）by用某種方式,多用于交通。 bybus乘公共汽車, bye-mail.通過電子郵件。注意:表示搭乘交通工具時(shí),用by時(shí)不用冠詞,用in時(shí)要用冠詞。請(qǐng)比較: Iwenttherebybus/inabus.我是坐公共汽車去的那兒。（2）with表示“用某種工具”。如: Hebrokethewindowwithastone.他用石頭把玻璃砸壞了。注意:with表示用某種工具時(shí),必須用冠詞或物主代詞。（3）on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定詞組。 Theytalkedonthetelephone.他們通過電話進(jìn)行交談。 ShelearnsEnglishontheradio/ontv.她通過收音機(jī)/電視學(xué)英語。2.表示關(guān)于的介詞of,about,on(1)of僅是提到或談到過某人或某事。如: Hespokeofthefilmtheotherday.他前幾天提到了這部影片。(2)about指“關(guān)于”某人或某事物的較詳細(xì)的情況。如: Canyoutellmesomethingaboutyourself?你能告訴我一些關(guān)于你自己的事情嗎?(3)on指“關(guān)于”學(xué)術(shù)性的或嚴(yán)肅的事。如: It’satextbookonthehistoryofchina.它是一本有關(guān)中國歷史的教科書。3.表原因或理由的介詞for,at,from,of,with,by,becauseof(1)for表示原因,常與sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等詞連用。如: Iamsorryforwhatisaidtoyou.我后悔不該對(duì)你講那些話。(2)at指情感變化的原因,意為“因聽到或看到而……”。如: Hewassurprisedatthenews.聽到這消息他大吃一驚。(3)from指“外在的原因”,如受傷、車禍等。如: Hediedfromthewound.他因受傷而致死。(4)of指“內(nèi)在的原因”,如病、餓等。如: Theoldmandiedofhunger.老人死于饑餓。(5)with指生理上或情感上的由外界到內(nèi)心的原因。如: Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.他們聽到這個(gè)消息,欣喜若狂。(6)by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或無意中造成某種結(jié)果的原因。 Herbody