新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案：生活常識和文化背景完形填空（含答案）

生活常識和文化背景解答完形填空，有時(shí)文章中提供的信息還不夠，考生的英語語言知識和有關(guān)世界的知識，都發(fā)揮著重要的作用。當(dāng)對語言的把握不很準(zhǔn)確時(shí)，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常識，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，能夠根據(jù)主題猜測細(xì)節(jié)，體會文章表達(dá)的氛圍。這樣將會大大簡化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴時(shí)間，順利地沿作者的思路閱讀下去。[典例1]IsaidthatIdidn’tknowhowtogetbackintotown.Insilence,hestarteddriving.Iranbacktomycaranddrovebehindhim.FinallyIrcognizedafamiliarstreet.AsIturnedtoheadhome,thecardisappeared.ThenI_____mydrivewaywhenthewarninglightformygastankturnedon.A.pulledinto B.droveaway C.ranacross D.fountout影響這個(gè)題目正確作答的關(guān)鍵是對空后面的driveway的含義的理解，driveay指的是thehardareaorroadbetweenyourhouseandthestreet，(美)(從建筑物、車庫等通至道路的)私用車道,車道((英)drive)。而中國家庭大多數(shù)是不存在這樣的一個(gè)driveway的。本句意思是當(dāng)郵箱的耗油警示燈亮起的時(shí)候，我也到家了，所以選pullinto.正確答案為A.[典例2]SalinaJoebeganto____whenshewasone-yearold.A.say B.cry C.sing D.talk根據(jù)常識判斷，嬰兒在一歲的時(shí)候應(yīng)該是開始學(xué)說話，而不是學(xué)哭或?qū)W唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之間選出。又因?yàn)閟ay是及物動(dòng)詞，其后面需接賓語，而talk是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后不需要接賓語，故正確答案為D。[典例3]Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfastinbedandbringhimthepaperto_____

A.check B.read C.keep D.sign外國人早上有讀報(bào)的習(xí)慣，題中的paper指的是報(bào)紙，這是理解本文細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵，有了這些文化背景知識，可迅速推斷出正確答案為B。[典例4]WearrivedinSpainforthefirsttimeafewweeksago.IdecidedtobuyacarbecausewehadsoldtheonewehadinEngland....ButwhenIturnedintothemainroadIsuddenlysawalotofcarsracing______me.（07全國卷II）.A.after B.with C.aroundD.towards從語篇提供的信息看，“我”來自英國。在英國開車要靠左行駛，那么可以推知作者來到西班牙后，行駛方向出了問題，以致于造成一系列的錯(cuò)誤。如果了解此文化背景知識，對全文的把握就會更加準(zhǔn)確。答案為D。[典例5]Cyclistswhogivesignalsbeforeturningorstoppinghelpprevent_______.....A.accidents B.mistakes C.falls D. deaths根據(jù)常識可知，騎自行車的人在拐彎或停車前發(fā)出信號，自然是為了避免事故，故A為最佳選項(xiàng)。[典例6]Ithoughthewasgoingtoaskformyfather's___andcallhim.A.help B.position C.number D.job考查文化常識和語境，句中后半句是andcallhim，依照常識，打電話需要電話號碼，所以選C。[典例7]We_____hamburgersandCocaColaratthecounter.A.ordered B.made C.arranged D.demanded根據(jù)常識及語境，“在柜臺旁”不是訂快餐就是付款，在選項(xiàng)中只有order有“點(diǎn)餐”之意，所以選A.[典例8]Familytraditionswereimportantinourhouse,andnonewasmoreappreciatedthantheperfectChristmastree.------IwascookingwhenIheardthe_____soundsastheboyscarriedthetreeintothelivingroom.AhappyB.loudC.terribleD.violent如果具備文化背景知識：在西方，圣誕樹于圣誕節(jié)的意義，就不難選出A.其實(shí)文段開頭也交代了這一文化背景。[典例9]After____theBritishflagatthePole,theytookaphotographofthemselvesbeforetheystartedthe950-milejourneyback.A.growing B.putting C.planting D.laying根據(jù)常識，南極地區(qū)冰雪覆蓋，須費(fèi)好大的勁將旗插進(jìn)極地，plant在這里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案為C.記住才是硬道理滿分技巧記住才是硬道理附：文化背景知識窗背景文化積累——中西方文化差異1.詞匯類busboy餐館勤雜工(不是"公汽售票員")busybody愛管閑事的人(不是"大忙人")drygoods(美)紡織品;(英)谷物(不是"干貨")heartman做心臟移植手術(shù)的人(不是"有心人")maddoctor精神病科醫(yī)生(不是"發(fā)瘋的醫(yī)生")eleventhhour最后時(shí)刻(不是"十一點(diǎn)")blinddate(由第三者安排的)男女初次會面(并非"盲目約會"或"瞎約會")deadpresident美鈔(上印有總統(tǒng)頭像)(并非"死了的總統(tǒng)")personalremark人身攻擊(不是"個(gè)人評論")sweetwater淡水(不是"糖水")confidenceman騙子(不是"信得過的人")criminallawyer刑事律師(不是"犯罪的律師")servicestation加油站restroom廁所(不是"休息室")dressingroom化妝室(不是"試衣室"或"更衣室")sportinghouse妓院(不是"體育室")horsesense常識(不是"馬的感覺") capitalidea好主意(不是"資本主義思想")familiartalk庸俗的交談(不是"熟悉的談話")blacktea紅茶(不是"黑茶")blackart妖術(shù)(不是"黑色藝術(shù)")blackstranger完全陌生的人(不是"陌生的黑人")whitecoal(作動(dòng)力來源用的)水whiteman忠實(shí)可靠的人(不是"皮膚白的人")yellowbook黃皮書(法國政府報(bào)告書，以黃紙為封)(不是"黃色書籍")redtape官僚習(xí)氣(不是"紅色帶子")greenhand新手(不是"綠手")bluestocking女學(xué)者、女才子(不是"藍(lán)色長統(tǒng)襪")Chinapolicy對華政策(不是"中國政策")Chinesedragon麒麟(不是"中國龍")Americanbeauty紅薔薇(不是"美國美女")Englishdisease氣管炎(不是"英國病") Indiansummer愉快寧靜的晚年(不是"印度的夏日")Greekgift害人的禮品(不是"希臘禮物") Spanishathlete吹牛的人(不是"西班牙運(yùn)動(dòng)員")Frenchchalk滑石粉(不是"法國粉筆")2.成語類pullone'sleg開玩笑(不是"拉后腿")inone'sbirthdaysuit赤身裸體(不是"穿著生日禮服")eatone'swords收回前言(不是"吃話")anappleoflove西紅柿(不是"愛情之果")handwritingonthewall不祥之兆(不是"大字報(bào)")bringdownthehouse博得全場喝彩(不是"推倒房子")haveafit勃然大怒(不是"試穿")makeone'shairstandonend令人毛骨悚然-恐懼(不是"令人發(fā)指--氣憤")thinka

greatdealofoneself高看或看重自己(不是"為自己想得很多")pullupone'ssocks鼓起勇氣(不是"提上襪子")havethehearttodo(用于否定句)忍心做....。。不是"有心做"或"有意做")3.表達(dá)方式類Lookout!當(dāng)心!(不是"向外看")Whatashame!多可惜!真遺憾!(不是"多可恥")Youdon'tsay!是嗎!(不是"你別說")Youcansaythatagain!說得好!(不是"你可以再說一遍")Ihaven'tsleptbetter.我睡得好極了。(不是"我從未睡過好覺")Youcan'tbetoocarefulinyourwork.你工作越仔細(xì)越好。(不是"你工作不能太仔細(xì)")Ithasbeen4yearssinceIsmoked.我戒煙4年了。(不是"我抽煙4年了")Allhisfriendsdidnotturnup.他的朋友沒全到。(不是"他的朋友全沒到")Peoplewillbelongforgettingher.人們在很長時(shí)間內(nèi)會記住她的。(不是"人們會永遠(yuǎn)忘記她")Hewasonlytoopleasedtoletthemgo.他很樂意讓他們走。(不是"他太高興，不愿讓他們走")Itcan'tbelessinteresting.它無聊極了。(不是"它不可能沒有趣")[文化背景知識專練]（莫要以為簡單而不在意，一點(diǎn)一滴都是生活積累!）1.Owningspringsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe____areaslikethedesert. A.dry B.distant C.deserted D.wild2.Forthosepeople,heis“Gloves”Greenberg.Howdidhegetthat_____?

A.job B.name C.chance D.message3.Panicking,shebeganto______.

A.speak B.sing C.sniff D.scream4.Iwasso______thatIslammed(砰地關(guān)上)thedoorandsteppedoutonthefrontporch.

A.angry B.sorrow C.frightened D.ashamed5.I______mysuitcaseandsandwichesonthefloorheavilyandstartedforthedooragain.

A.pressed B.shook C.threw D.pulled6.Tomysurprise,hemerelysmiledatus,handedussomecashandsaid.“______yourselfnewhamburgers.”

A.Prepare B.Buy C.Find D.Cook7.What?Acat?The______frozeonhisface;hismouthfellwideopen.

A.blood B.smile C.tear D.sweat8.ThemomentIarrivedinParis,Iwas______byaniceFrenchcouplewhowouldbecomemyhostparents.

A．sponsored B．witnessed C．greeted D.supported9.AsIpulledthebusoverto______alittlegirl,shehandedmeanerringsayingIshouldkeepitincasesomebodyclaimedit.

A.waveat B.dropoff C.callon D.lookfor10.Theyprovideanenvironmentwhereyoucanpracticeunderthe______ofsomeonewho’sgoodatthelanguage.

A.control B.command C.guidance D.pressure11.However,thedaybeforeChristmaswhenhewasdrinkinghotchocolatewithasatisfiedsmileatthedoorofhishome,heheardthe______ofthechildrenofthefamilyaboutwhattheymightgetforChristmas.

A.introduction B.discussion C.comment D.debate12.ThenIhadaphysicalproblemandhadtogotohospitalforathoroughexamination…AfterIexplainedmysituationtoher,shepointedtoabusstopacrossthestreet,whereabuswouldtakemebackintothecitytomy______.

A.appointment B.apartment C.direction D.station13.AsIwatchedseveralpeoplegoby,getintotheircarsandgooff,Inoticedanoldmanonabicyclewithabucketonits____andabasketragsandbottlesonitsback-carriage.

A.back B.handle C.wheel D.Seat14.They___=1\*GB3①___thenewspaperannouncements.Thentheymakelistsofthesalestheywanttoattend.Someuse___=2\*GB3②___toplantheirtrip.Theywanttogettoasmanysalesaspossible.Someprofessional___=3\*GB3③___inoldobjectsalsogotoyardsales.Theymayfindavaluableobjectforasmallamountofmoney.Thentheywill___④___itintheirown___⑤___,usuallyatamuchhigherprice.

=1\*GB3①.A.collect B.find C.read D.check

=2\*GB3②.A.radios B.maps C.newspapers D.cars=3\*GB3③.A.buyers B.people C.dealers D.sellers

④.A.sell B.resell C.buy D.rebuy

⑤.A.house B.yard C.home D.store15.Hewouldjust______thebooksintheoutsidereturnbox.

A.pass B.drop C.carry D.take16.Iwasreallyslowattakingtheordersandmakingchange.Ifsomeonegaveme$5forsomethingthatcost$3.25,Ihandedover______quartersandsaid,“75centsmakesfourdollars,plusonedollarmakesfive.”

A.two B.three C.four D.five（2）Ileftmy7-year-oldkidandmydoglockedaloneinourJeepforabout10minutesafewweeksago.I1feelguiltyaboutit.Thedrive-throughatmybankwasnotin2.Iturnedaroundtothebackseat,3myson,andsaid,"Dude,stayput.4Lucy."Ipulleddownmypassengersidefrontwindowalittleforfresh5,andlockedthembothin.Theywerealwayswithmysight6thebigdouble-glassdoors.WhileI7ataredlightonthewayhome,Ilookedintherearview8andsawmybeautifulboyandloyalpupsharinglicksofagreenlollipop(棒棒糖)fromthebank.Andit9mewhatifsomebodystolemycarorwhatifsomebody10mychild?Lucywasalsoseenasahumaninmyfamily,soI11themtobethemostimportantandpreciouspeopleinmylife.I'mneverdoingthisagain-evenifIcanseethemwhiletheywait12.19stateshave13againstleavingkidsaloneinacar,butIknowI'mnotthe14parentwhohasdoneso,tocompleteanerrand(差事).Outof60peopleI15inanunofficialFacebookpoll,4616thattheyhaddonethis.Onecommenterlefther6-year-oldinfantinalockedcarwhilesheranintothe17tograbmilk.Anothermom,Melissa,sentmeaprivateFacebookmessage18ifherbabywassleepinginthecarseat,shewouldlockherinthecarandruntothepick-upelementarylinetograbher19daughter.Twofriendsevenadmittedtoleavingbabiesasyoungas3monthsoldalonewhiletheynappedinthebackseatinacar.Weshouldneverdothatagain,orwe'dputourchildrenindanger.It'llbetoo20then.1.A.rarely B.sometimes C.never D.still2.A.sight B.place C.service D.danger3.A.leaving B.facing C.frightening D.criticizing4.A.Takecareof B.Lookforwardto C.Thinkhighlyof D.Makeuse'of5.A.water B.fruit C.air D.food6.A.near B.under C.on D.through 7.A.stared B.appeared C.stopped D.crossed 8.A.device B.Mirror C.door D.window9.A.excited B.hit C.encouraged D.assured10.A.hurt B.amused C.touched D.kissed 11.A.advise B.order C.consider D.hope12.A.silently B.sadly C.patiently D.alone13.A.opinions B.words C.laws D.suggestions14.A.responsible B.only C.happy D.unlucky15.A.asked B.met C.told D.discovered16.A.meant B.wished C.admitted D.lied17.A.par' B.school C.hospital D.store18.A.explaining B.suggesting C.denying D.thinking19.A.younger B.older C.shorter D.prettier20.A.fortunate B.natural C.strange D.late(3)Doyoueverjustwondertoyourself...whoamI?Upuntilabout3yearsago,lneverreallyquestionedmyidentity,lnowIamfarmoreawareofit.Ihave2alotandithelpsmemeetpeoplefromdifferentcountries.Sometimesl'113reallycrazythingslike"IlooksoAsian",or"IwonderwhatI'dlooklikewithblonde(金黃色的）4".Asforme,Iguess5withWesternparentsandlivinginafairlyWesternsocietyhasmademefeelrather“6".However,mymotherthoughtthatitwasstill7formetostayconnectedtomy"8".WhatdoImeanbythat?Ourfamilywouldgoonvarioustripsto9,sightseeingandlearningmoreabouttheculture.Iwould10aSaturdayChineselanguageschoolandmymotherwould11metodressupinaChinesedress.Thekeyword:encouraged.Notforced.AndI'm12thattheydidallthatforme.Ifeelthatitisveryimportantforparentstoexposetheiradoptedchildrentotheirnative13andheritageattheyoungage.Openingupthischanceto14andconnectwiththeiroriginsandculturesisahugepartinformingand15thechild'sidentity.Additionally,havingfriendswhohavebeen16thesimilarsituationsisveryimportant.Formingthesamekindoffriendshipsatthe17agesallowsthemtodevelopandbecome18withotherkids"justlikethem".Forme,Ireally