高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)講座非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)講座----非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指動(dòng)詞的三種變化形式，在句中充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為三種形式：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）不定式的構(gòu)成：是由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成即、todo，否定式是nottodo不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。不定式的各種形式：主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般時(shí)todotobedone進(jìn)行時(shí)tobedoing完成時(shí)tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進(jìn)行時(shí)Tohavebeendoing不定式的作用：不定式可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。往往用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把不定式放在謂語(yǔ)后面。如：Ittookustwohourstofinishtheexam.ItisimportantforustostudyEnglishwell.ItisverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.注意：（1）其他系動(dòng)詞如look,appear等也可用于此句型。（2）當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用Itis…to…的句型。試比較：Itistosupportmyownideatobelievehim.（錯(cuò)）Tobelievehimistosupportmyownidea.（對(duì)）（3）Itis+adj.of/forsb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)和前面的形容詞可以構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，用of,否則用for.It’sbraveofhimtosavetheboy.可以說(shuō)成，Heisbravetosavetheboy.作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+不定式。如：Hemanagedtoescapefromthefire.Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.（it作形式賓語(yǔ)）注：下列動(dòng)詞通常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)：plan,hope,wish,promise,refuse,help,decide,learn,agree,choose等動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+to,“特殊疑問(wèn)句+不定式”相當(dāng)于名詞，作賓語(yǔ)。如：Idon’tknowwhattodonext/howtodoitnext.Ican’tdecidewhentogothere.注意：不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往把不定式短語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。如：Ifinditnecessarytolearnaforeignlanguage.(make,feel,think,bilieve等常用于本句型)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式（todo）。如：Hewarnedmetobecareful.IwantyoutospeaktoTom.Whatmakesyouthinkso?（不帶to的不定式）注：可以用動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask,tell,order,want,get,wouldlike,like,advise,invite,allow,help,wish,warn,expect,prefer,encourage特別注意，在一下動(dòng)詞后的不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中省略to，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還原toListento,hear,watch,see,lookat,notice,observe,feel,make,have,let,其中help(可省略，也可不省略)Thebossmakeshimworktenhoursaday.-------Heismadetoworktenhours.help后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to.Ioftenhelphim（to）cleantheroom.Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.表見(jiàn)解、看法的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)可為：動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+tobe的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：WeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.Thebookisbelievedtobeuseful.（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）(3)There+不定式。如：Wedidn’texpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.我們沒(méi)料到會(huì)有那么多人在那里。注意：（1）有些動(dòng)詞需用as短語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，像regard,think,believe,take,consider。如：WeregardTomasourbestteacher.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。Marytookhimasherfather.瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。（(3)help后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to.Ioftenhelphim（to）cleantheroom.Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞，不定式和它所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系、動(dòng)狀關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。不定式通常要放在這些被修飾的詞后。如：Ihavealotofworktodo.（動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）Heislookingforaroomtolivein.（動(dòng)狀關(guān)系）Heisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.（主謂關(guān)系）Hehasgotachancetogoabroad.（同位關(guān)系）注意：1.不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。如：Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?2.如果作定語(yǔ)的不定式是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，則要保留不定時(shí)短語(yǔ)中的副詞或介詞。如：Ineedapentowritewith.(Iwillwirtewiththepen)(我需要一直鋼筆寫字)Ihavealittlebabytolookafter.(Imustlookafterthelittlebaby)(我有一個(gè)嬰兒要照看)作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等，有時(shí)還有一些固定搭配的不定式短語(yǔ)，如inorderto,soasto,so…asto,such…asto,….enoughto,too…to等。做目的狀語(yǔ)，to,onlyto（僅僅為了）,inorderto,soasto,so(such)….asto…（如此···以便···）如：Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。Hecametotheschooltoseehisson.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。如：Hehurriedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed.Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.做原因狀語(yǔ)。如：Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.I’mgladtoseeyou.做條件狀語(yǔ)。如：Toturntotheleft,youcouldfindapostoffice.作表語(yǔ)不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，構(gòu)成表語(yǔ)。如：Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.Myquestioniswhentoleave.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.Herworkistolookafterthebabies.注意：1.不定式在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，對(duì)應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。2.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，表語(yǔ)不能用Ving形式，要用不定式。如：Toseeistobelieve.（眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)）獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.Tomakemattersworse,itbegantorain.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí)：有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。如：Heseemstoknowthis.Ihopetoseeyouagain.完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。如：I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：Heseemstobeeatingsomething.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能持續(xù)下去。如：Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是其動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，就用被動(dòng)式。如：Hewasseentoenterthehall.HeaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet.省to的動(dòng)詞不定式情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（除ought外，oughtto）Wouldrather,hadbetter.感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to.注意：在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中to不能省略掉。如：Isawhimdance.Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make.由and,or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to可以省去。如：HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.Help可帶to,也可不帶to,helpsb.(to)dosth.Why…/Whynot…But和except前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。試比較：Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等詞后，可以省去tobe.如：Heissupposed(tobe)nice.他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。——Iusuallygotherebytrain.——Whynot______byboatforachange?AtotrygoingBtryingtogoCtotryandgoDtrygoing答案選DPauldoesn’thavetobemade______.Healwaysworkshard.AlearnBtolearnClearnedDlearning答案選B四、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式。如：Tellhimnottoshutthewindow.ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter______afterdrinking.AnevertodriveBtoneverdriveCneverdrivingDneverdrive答案選ATheboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.AnottoBnottodoCnotdoitDdonotdo答案選AThepatientwaswarned______foodbeforetheoperation.AtoeatnoBeatingnotCnottoeatDnoteating答案選C動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)名詞具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特征，在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)）動(dòng)名詞的各種形式及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)主動(dòng)一般時(shí)doingbeingdonedoing完成時(shí)havingdonehavingbeendonehavingdone動(dòng)名詞的作用作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。It代替動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，常用于如下結(jié)構(gòu)：It’snogood/usedoing···如：Seeingisbelieving.Playingwithfireisdangerous.It’snogoodwaitinghere.作賓語(yǔ)Ienjoylisteningtomusic.Heoftenpracticesplayingthepianointheevening.Heisfondofplayingbasketball.Hehasgivenupsmoking.Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：admit，advise建議，risk，appreciate，envy嫉妒，avoid避免，consider考慮，delay延遲，deny否認(rèn)，dislike不喜歡，enjoy，escape逃避，excuse原諒、寬恕，finish完成，forgive原諒，understand理解，giveup放棄，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意、在乎，miss錯(cuò)過(guò)，practise訓(xùn)練，putoff推遲，resist抵抗，suggest建議、暗示can’thelp禁不住，can’tstand無(wú)法忍受，devoteto(to為介詞)致力于···，lookforwardto期望、盼望，stickto堅(jiān)持，be/getusedto習(xí)慣于，objectto反對(duì)，bebusy忙于···，feelike想要···payattentionto注意cometo談到referto談到，提及besurprisedat對(duì)……感到驚訝beproudof以……為驕傲succeedin在某方面成功beafraidof害怕只能接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：happen碰巧，offer主動(dòng)提出，promise答應(yīng)，agree同意，refuse拒絕，decide決定，determine決定、決心，pretend假裝，fail未能夠，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起。接動(dòng)名詞、不定式均可，意義相同的動(dòng)詞：like，love，dislike，hate，begin，star，continue，prefer，can’tbear/endure無(wú)法忍受，cease停止下列詞接動(dòng)名詞和不定式均可，但意義不同的動(dòng)詞：forget，goon，mean，regret，remember，stop，try,want,can’thelp等Stoptodo停下來(lái)去做stopdoing停止做Forgettodo忘記要做forgetdoing忘記做過(guò)Remembertodo記得要做rememberdoing記得做過(guò)Regrettodo遺憾要做regretdoing后悔做過(guò)Trytodo企圖做，盡力做trydoing試著做Goontodo繼續(xù)做（另一件事）goondoing繼續(xù)做（同一件事）Meantodo打算做meandoing意味做Wanttodo想要做wantdoing需要被做Can’helptodo不能幫助做can’thelpdoing忍不住做InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_______foranotherhour.AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaiting答案：ANeed,require,want作“需要”講，其后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義，beworth也有類似用法。如：Theflowersneedwatering/tobewatered.Theproblemisworthdiscussing.作表語(yǔ)此時(shí)的動(dòng)名詞可以和主語(yǔ)調(diào)換位置。如：Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechild.作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)，一般表示用途。如：awaitingroom，adivingboard，areadingroom，adininghalltherearealotofswimmingpoolsinthecity.注：（1）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表動(dòng)作，它與所修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，可改寫成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如果為單詞，放在被修飾n之前，為短語(yǔ)，放在被修飾n之后。如：asleepingboy=aboywhoissleepingadevelopingcountry=acountrywhichisdeveloping（2）動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示它所修飾的名詞的用途或性質(zhì)，可改寫成一個(gè)for的短語(yǔ)，兩者不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：awashingmachine=amachineforwashingaswimmingpool=apoolforswimming動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有形容詞性無(wú)助代詞或人稱代詞的賓格、名詞所有格、或普通格加動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成，作主語(yǔ)用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞。Hiscomingaddstoourpleasure.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，通常要用完成式，否則都用一般式。如：Weareinterestedinplayingchess.Hewaspraisedforhavingfinishedtheworkaheadoftime.I’msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.若主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，動(dòng)名詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Wemustdosomethingtopreventwaterfrombeingpolluted.Irememberhavingbeentoldastory.Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbytheteacher.分詞（分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。在句中作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。）現(xiàn)在分詞的各種形式及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)主動(dòng)一般時(shí)doingbeingdonedoing完成時(shí)havingdonehavingbeendonehavingdone完成進(jìn)行時(shí)havingbeendoinghavingbeendoing現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義；在時(shí)間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作往往正在進(jìn)行或者與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性。如：fallingleaves正在下落的樹(shù)葉fallenleaves已經(jīng)落在地上的樹(shù)葉分詞的作用作定語(yǔ)單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)，分詞前置。如：Thesleepingboyismyson.Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.Alostopportunityneverreturns.Heisaretiredworker.分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，分詞后置；分詞修飾不定代詞something等要后置；個(gè)別分詞如give，left等作定語(yǔ)也后置。如：Thegirlstandingunderthetreeismyniece.Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary.Thisisthequestiongiven.Thereisnothinginteresting.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與其修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：MostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientistsThefirsttextbook______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.AhavewrittenBtobewrittenCbeingwrittenDwrittenWhat’sthelanguage______inGermany?AspeakingBspokenCbespokenDtospeakPricesofdailygoods______throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.AareboughtBboughtCbeenboughtDbuying.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor______“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”AreadBreadsCtoreadDreading答案：DBBD解析：reading與pinnedtothedoor一樣作message的后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于whichread,pinned和reading的邏輯主語(yǔ)都是message，它與pin是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用—ed形式，與read是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用—ing形式作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞在句中可以作時(shí)間、原因、方式、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語(yǔ)。Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.AsIdidn’treceiveanyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Ifmoreattentionwasgiven,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.(條件)Walkingalongthestreet,Iranacrossmyoldfriend.Bittenbyasnake,hewastakentohospital(原因).Thoughdefeated,hedidn’tloseheart.(讓步)Helayonthegrass,lookingintothesky.(伴隨)Hecamerunningtotellmethegoodnews.(方式)______someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.AFollowedBFollowedbyCBeingfollowedDHavingbeenfollowedTherewasaterriblenoise______thesuddenburstoflight.AfollowedBfollowingCtobefollowedDbeingfollowed______,liquidscanbechangedintogases.AHeatingBTobeheatedCHeatedDHeat答案：BBC注意：選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。如分詞的動(dòng)作是由主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，分詞就用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過(guò)去分詞。試比較：（Being）Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書看上去很舊。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的過(guò)程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用。分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，如果不一致，就用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即在分詞前加上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式主要用于作狀語(yǔ)，一般不用作定語(yǔ)。When______,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.AcompletedBcompletingCbeingcompletedDtobecompleted答案：A______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.AHavingsufferedBSufferingCTosufferDSuffered答案：A作表語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)具有的特征，過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)多指主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。如：Thefilmistouching.Theglassisbroken.Shelookedtiredwithcooking.Heremainedstandingbesidethetable.—I’mvery______withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.—Mm,itdoeshavea______smell.Apleasant;pleasedBpleased;pleasedCpleasant;pleasantDpleased;pleasant答案：D作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分詞和不定式一樣，在一些感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Ismellsomethingburning.Iheardhimsingingthesong.Iheardmynamecalled.Ican’tmakemyselfunderstoodinEnglish.Ifoundmycarmissing.I’llhavemywatchrepaired.我想把我的手表修一下。Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.AcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryout答案：C作插入語(yǔ)其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。generallyspeaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)talkingof(speakingof)說(shuō)到strictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)judgingfrom從···判斷allthingsconsidered從整體來(lái)看takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看來(lái)。如：Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，狗比豬跑得快。分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)。如：Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboydead.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,______alongspeechforthepresident.AtoprepareBpreparingCpreparedDwaspreparing先于主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如果先于主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，要用havingdone。如：Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.ANotreceivingBReceivingnotCNothavingreceivedDHavingnotreceived答案：BC分詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)通常情況下，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。如：Heisthemangivingyou/whogaveyouthebookSheisthegirlstoppedby/whowasstoppedbythecar.不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。像：gone,fallen,retired,grown-up,escaped,faded,returned等詞。如：aretiredperson一個(gè)退休的人afallenball一個(gè)落下來(lái)的球aburnt-outmatch燒完了的火柴特別注意：使用分詞要注意分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是主句的主語(yǔ)，如果主語(yǔ)不一致，在分詞前加上名詞或代詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格即名詞或代詞加上分詞所起的作用相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句。例如，ItbeingSunday,wehavenoclasses.=AsitisSunday,wehavenoclass.We‘llhaveapartyinthegarden,weatherpermitting.課堂綜合練習(xí)題：Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketball,______thatallchildrenlikethesethings.AthinkingBthinkCtothinkDthoughtTherehavebeenseveralnewevents______totheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.AaddBtoaddCaddingDaddedIcan’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses______talkingwhilesheworks.Aworking;stoppingBtowork;stoppingCworking;tostopDtowork;tostopAgoodstorydoesnotnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending,butthereadermustnotbeleft______.AunsatisfiedBunsatisfyingCtobesatisfyingDbeingsatisfiedNomatterhowfrequently______,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.AperformedBperformingCtobeperformedDbeingperformed______thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.AHavingmadeBMakeCTomakeDMakingIfyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways______herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.AgetsBgotCtogetDgettingAsthetwentiethcenturycametoaclose,therawmaterialsforagreatnationalliteraturewereathand,waiting______AtouseBtobeusedCtohaveusedDtobeusingIttookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness______.AtomakeBtobemadeCmakingDbeingmadeTheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames______inBeijingin2008.AholdBholdingCheldDtobeheld______withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.AFacedBFaceCFacingDTofaceAIDSissaid______thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.AthatitisBtobeCthatithasbeenDtohavebeenDon’tsitthere______nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.AdoBtodoCdoingDanddoingFacedwithabillfor$10,000,______.AJohnhastakenanextrajobBthebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobCanextrajobhasbeentakenDanextrajobhasbeengiventoJohnHehurriedtothebookingofficeonly______thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.AtotellBtobetoldCtellingDtoldFivepeoplewonthe“China’sGreenFigure”award,atitle______toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.AbeinggivenBisgivenCgivenDwasgivenPolicearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedto______sincethefloodhitthearealastFriday.AhavebeenmissingBhavegotlostCbemissingDgetlostThebirdflu______throughAsiahasjumpedfrombirdstohumansatleast20timessofar,______16.Asweeps;killedBswept;killingCsweeping;tokillDsweeping;killingTheman______ofshooting6schoolchildrenwascaughtbyBeijingpolice,theXinhuaNewsAgencyreportedonFriday.AbeingsuspectedBsuspectingCsuspectedDto