全國(guó)統(tǒng)考2025屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)模塊一需要變形的詞名詞形容詞和副詞第2講形容詞副詞和比較等級(jí)講義教案

PAGE第2講形容詞、副詞和比較等級(jí)Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空1.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Thebeautiful(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.2.(2024·天津高考)Noonewantstoliveanextremely(extreme)longlifewithalotofchronicdiseases.3.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyearslonger(long)thannon-runners.4.(2024·北京高考)It’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyandmeaningful(meaning)collegeexperience.5.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Hescreamstheloudest(loud)ofall.Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空五謹(jǐn)記1.看到空格處修飾的是名詞,要想到用形容詞。2.看到空格處修飾的是動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,要想到用副詞。3.看到與than連用,要想到用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)。4.看到and,or,but等并列連詞前或后用的比較級(jí),要想到用比較級(jí)。5.看到語(yǔ)境中暗含比較含義,要想到用比較級(jí)(二者之間)或最高級(jí)(三者及以上)。Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)1.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.(hardly改為hard)2.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)TodayItriedcookingasimplydishmyself.(simply改為simple)3.(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Seeyousooner.(sooner改為soon)4.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Immediate,Iraisedmyhand.(Immediate改為Immediately)5.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Asickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.(去掉more)Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)六定法1.牢記易混詞的詞義:如exciting與excited,hard與hardly,possible與possibly,here與there等;2.駕馭易混詞的詞性,主要考查形容詞、副詞、名詞的詞性混淆;3.依據(jù)句意作出正確推斷;4.看比較范圍,推斷形式是否正確。假如是兩者之間的比較,則用比較級(jí);假如是三者或三者以上的比較,則用最高級(jí);5.看比較級(jí)前是否誤加了more;6.看含有比較等級(jí)的固定句式是否精確。形容詞和副詞的句法功能1.形容詞主要用來(lái)修飾名詞、代詞,表示事物或人的性質(zhì)和特征。可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。※Ihavetoattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.(作定語(yǔ))※IknowheistoooptimisticbutIdon’twanttodepresshim.(作表語(yǔ))※Theroomwasfoundverydirty.(作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))※Optimismmakesalifehappierandmoremeaningful.(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))※Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.(作狀語(yǔ))【點(diǎn)津】(1)通常只作表語(yǔ)的形容詞:①以“a-”開(kāi)頭的形容詞:afraid膽怯 的,alone孤寂的,alive活著的,alike相像的,ashamed慚愧的,awake醒著的;②content,worth,ill(有病的,不舒適的),sure,liable,well等。(2)通常不用“人”作主語(yǔ)的形容詞:possible,impossible,probable,convenient,necessary等。(3)形容詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必需與句子主語(yǔ)保持一樣。2.副詞主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞甚至整個(gè)句子?？勺鳡钫Z(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等?！鵚heneverwehavetroublewithourstudies,ourteachershelpuspatiently.(作狀語(yǔ))※Thetidewasoutandtheywalkedamongtherockpools.(作表語(yǔ))※Unfortunately,Iwasstillveryclumsybehindthewheelofthejeep.(作狀語(yǔ))【點(diǎn)津】(1)有些副詞并不修飾動(dòng)詞,而是修飾整個(gè)句子,表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的看法。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)副詞有:表遞進(jìn)besides,further,then,moreover等表結(jié)果therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus等表轉(zhuǎn)折though,instead,otherwise,however等表等同similarly,equally等表對(duì)比rather,oppositely等表概括altogether,generally等表列舉first(ly),second(ly),finally等表同位namely等表時(shí)間meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally等表特指particularly,especially等(2)兼有兩種形式的副詞其中一種形式與形容詞相同,另一種形式是在形容詞后加后綴-ly。這兩種形式的副詞表示的意義不同。形容詞和副詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)化1.大多數(shù)副詞是由形容詞加后綴-ly構(gòu)成。主要改變規(guī)律:轉(zhuǎn)換方法例詞一般狀況,在形容詞詞尾干脆加-lyreal—really;helpful—helpfully以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y為i,然后再加-lybusy—busily;angry—angrily;easy—easily以-le結(jié)尾,去e干脆加yterrible—terribly;gentle—gently元音字母+e結(jié)尾,先去掉e,然后再加-lytrue—truly以ll結(jié)尾的詞只加yfull—fully以ic結(jié)尾的詞加allyautomatic—automaticallyenergetic—energetically2.在英語(yǔ)中,有些詞既可以作形容詞,又可以作副詞。須要在特定語(yǔ)境中推斷它們各自的詞性。如early,much,fast,little,wide,loud,well等?！鵌tbroughtawidesmiletohisfaceandlaughtertohiseyes.(形容詞)※Inafewsecondsshewaswideawake.(副詞)【點(diǎn)津】下列單詞以-ly結(jié)尾,但卻是形容詞而非副詞:lively,lonely,lovely,deadly,friendly,ugly,silly,timely等。形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)1.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則形式①單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級(jí)后加-er,-est構(gòu)成,如hard—harder—hardest。其他特別改變見(jiàn)下表:特別狀況構(gòu)成方式例詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾加-r和-stbrave—braver—bravest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變y為i,再加-er和-esthappy—happier—happiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾雙寫(xiě)詞尾字母,再加-er和-esthot—hotter—hottest②多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級(jí)前加more,most構(gòu)成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily【點(diǎn)津】①少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞及以-er或-le結(jié)尾的詞,可以有兩種比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式common—commoner/morecommon—commonest/mostcommon②表示“最高程度”的形容詞,如excellent,extreme,perfect,favorite等,沒(méi)有最高級(jí),也不能用比較級(jí)。(2)不規(guī)則形式good/well—better—bestfar—farther/further—farthest/furthestbad/ill/badly—worse—worst2.比較等級(jí)的用法(1)基本用法①兩者相比,表示“和……一樣”,用“as+原級(jí)+as”表示?！鵋eworkedasfastasaqualifiedtechnician.【點(diǎn)津】在同級(jí)比較中,若出現(xiàn)形容詞修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,其語(yǔ)序?yàn)?as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as?！鵍ohnisascleveraboyasyouwishtomeet.②兩者相比,表示“不如……”,用“notas/so+原級(jí)+as”。※Itisnotsoexpensiveasyoumightexpect.③兩者相比,表示“比……更”,用“比較級(jí)+than”;表示“不比……更”,用“not+比較級(jí)+than”。※Theprocessoflearninganddevelopingismoreimportantthantheoutcome.※Herpronunciationisasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,herteacher’s.【點(diǎn)津】有些形容詞本身含有比較的意義,其后面用to而不用than。如:superiorto(優(yōu)于,高于);inferiorto(次于);seniorto(年長(zhǎng)于,地位高于);juniorto(地位低于);priorto(早于,較重要于)。④三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物比較,表示最高程度時(shí),用“the+最高級(jí)+比較范圍”。※Hersonsarethemostimportantthinginherlife.(2)特別用法①“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越……”。※Learningbecomesmoreandmoredifficultaswegetolder.②“the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”表示“越……,就越……”?！鵗heharderwework,themoreprogresswewillmake.③“more+原級(jí)+than”表示“與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)……”。※Shelooksmoreasleepthanclever.④“morethan+主語(yǔ)+can+謂語(yǔ)”表示“非……所能;……不能”?！鵗hebeautyoftheplaceismorethanIcandescribe.⑤“否定詞+比較級(jí)”表示確定的最高級(jí)※Icouldn’tagreewithyouanymore.⑥表示倍數(shù)的三個(gè)常用句型a....倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as...※Thenewbuildingisthreetimesashighastheoldone.b....倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than...※Thenewbuildingistwicehigherthantheoldone.c....倍數(shù)+thesize/length/width/height,etc.+of...※Thenewbuildingisthreetimestheheightoftheoldone.※Ourclassroomisthreetimesaslargeastheirs.=Ourclassroomistwicelargerthantheirs.=Ourclassroomisthreetimesthesizeoftheirs.3.比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)(1)修飾比較級(jí)的常用詞和短語(yǔ)有rather,much,still,even,far,alot,alittle,agreatdeal,(by)far,abit等?！鵗hethemeoftheplaystoodoutevenmoreclearlyafteritwasrevised.(2)常用的最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)有byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally以及序數(shù)詞等?！鵌wouldsaythatintellectisbyfarthemostimportantfactor.常用的分詞形容詞和副詞-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)分:-ed形容詞,通常說(shuō)明人,意為“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容詞通常說(shuō)明事物,意為“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。這樣成對(duì)的形容詞有:interested/interesting;excited/exciting;frightened/frightening;surprised/surprising;pleased/pleasing;moved/moving;disappointed/disappointing等。※Thewinewasexcellent,butthefoodwasdisappointing.※Wewillbepleasedtoansweranyquestionsyoumayhave.【點(diǎn)津】原則上,-ed形容詞通常干脆用于說(shuō)明人,若修飾事物,則多為look(表情),air(神態(tài)),appearance(外貌),cry(哭聲),face(表情),voice(聲音),mood(心情)等顯示某人的情感狀況的名詞?！鵕ogerjustlookedupathimwithasurprisedlook.※Ahandhelpedmeoutofthetree,andafrightenedvoiceaskedmeifIwasbadlyhurt.【小題快練】Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2024·浙江高考)Farmingproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.②(2024·浙江高考)Schooluniformsaretraditional(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.③(2024·浙江高考)Eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybeaffordable(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.④(2024·江蘇高考)Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench,handstremblingashegently(gentle)placedhisfingersonthekeys.⑤(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Runningischeap,easyandit’salwaysenergetic(energy).⑥(2024·浙江高考)Therecouldbeanevenhigher(high)costonyourhealth.⑦Obviously(obvious),agoodhabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.⑧Themoresupportyouwinfromothers,thefaster(fast)youwillmovetowardyourgoal.⑨Iwasscanningtherestaurant,waitingtositatthefirsttablethatwasmoreconvenient(convenient)thanothers.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)①(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.(amazing改為amazed)②(2024·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)I’msurelyyou’llhaveagoodtime.(surely改為sure)③Overthepastfewdecades,wehavedevelopedanamazingnetworkofpublictransportation.Beside,wehavedecidedtomakeeffortstomakeitmuchbetter.(Beside改為Besides)④Likemostgrown-ups,sheenjoysfolksongs,becausethepeacefullymusicremindsherofherbeautifullifewhenshewasyoung.(peacefully改為peaceful)⑤ButIthinkwe’dbetterhavemoreoutdooractivities.Asstudents,weusuallysittoolongerintheclassroom,andasaresultoureyesandbrainsgettired.(longer改為long)⑥Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.(taste改為tasty)⑦Don’tpanicorgetoutofline,andtrytoremainquietandcalmly.(calmly改為calm)⑧Momsaid,“Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterribleworried.”(terrible改為terribly)Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Althoughnoteveryoneagreeswiththeexam-orientedmethodthisschooluses,itstilloffersgaokaocandidatesrelatively(relative)fairaccesstohighereducation.2.AyoungmaninWuhan,HubeiProvincehasbecomethelatestInternetsensationafteravideoshowinghisheart-warmingactonasubwaytrainwentviralonsocialmedia3.Withcountless(count)treasuresbroughtbackfromtheEast,hebecameawealthymanovernight.4.Andiftheworstcomestotheworst,remembertheoldEnglishproverb,“Better(well)latethannever.”5.Theeastsideoftheirstemsgrowsfasterduringtheday,causingthestemstogradually(gradual)bendfromeasttowest.6.Hemadeafrightened(frighten)noisealittlelikethemiaowofacat.7.Shelookedveryexcited(excite)tohearthatshewonthefirstprizeinthebeautycontest.Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空Differentcountrieshavewildlydifferentformsofgreeting.IntheUSA,whenyoupassbysomeoneyouknow,anodisacceptable,andyouusuallyshakehandswithsomeoneyoufirstmeet.ButinLatincountries,afirmhandshake1.__________(consider)rude.Inmyhomecountry,Mauritius,whenpeoplemeet,theyusuallykisseachother2.__________thecheeks.ThisisalsocommoninFrance,3.__________theactiscalledfairelabise.However,thisisnot4.__________universalrule.DuringmyfirstweekintheUSA,IkissedeverysinglegirlImet.Myfriendshadtotellmethatthatwasinappropriate,5.__________(leave)meingreatembarrassment.Whatiscommonhere,however,isforfriends6.__________(hug)eachother—somethingIwasnotusedto.Hugsalwaysmakeme7.__________(frighten)becauseIdon’treallylikethat.Thismayseemstrangesinceevenkissing8.__________(stranger)isnormalinmycountry.NowthatIthinkaboutit,Ihatecheek-kissingaswell.Wouldn’titbe9.__________(enjoy)tohaveagreetingcodethatis10.__________(wide)acceptable?I’mnotsayingweshouldstartdoingthat,butwecansurelydosomethingtoavoidmisunderstanding.1.【解析】isconsidered。考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句中主語(yǔ)afirmhandshake和動(dòng)詞consider是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,此處作謂語(yǔ)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。表示客觀(guān)事實(shí),與上下文一樣用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填isconsidered。2.【解析】on?？疾榻樵~。此處指親吻對(duì)方的臉頰,在臉上用介詞on,故填on。3.【解析】where?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。先行詞是France,在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo),故填where。4.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。句中rule是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式,此處表示一種普遍的規(guī)則,universal發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭,故填a。5.【解析】leaving。考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,此處用非謂語(yǔ)。前面句子與動(dòng)詞leave是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),故填leaving。6.【解析】tohug?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式。句中Whatiscommonhere是主語(yǔ)從句,此處強(qiáng)調(diào)詳細(xì)的動(dòng)作用動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)。故填tohug。7.【解析】frightened?？疾樾稳菰~。修飾人用-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞,故填frightened。8.【解析】strangers。考查名詞。stranger是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,此處表示泛指用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填strangers。9.【解析】enjoyable?？疾樾稳菰~。此處表示“令人開(kāi)心的”用形容詞作表語(yǔ),故填enjoyable。10.【解析】widely?？疾楦痹~。修飾形容詞acceptable用副詞,指廣泛接受的,故填widely。Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)Inmychildhood,myparentssentmetolearnChinesecalligraphy.However,thingsarequiteoppositetotheirexpectations.NotonlyIgetboredwithhoursofpracticebutalsoIdoubtedaboutthevaluableofit.Nevertheless,whenIenteredhighschool,writecalligraphyprovedbothessentialorbeneficial.ItwasatthattimethatwhenIrealizedhowimportantitistomasteracertainskill.Judgingfrommyownexperience,IwanttosayafewwordtothosechildrenwhohaveasametroubleasIdid.Donotrefusetolearnaskillwhenyoung,asatthelongrunyouwillfindthemhelpful.答案:1.【解析】其次句的are→were?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由上下文可知此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故將are改為were。2.【解析】第三句在I前加did?？疾榈寡b句。在not