新概念英語第三冊(cè)Lesson+36+A+chance+in+a+million課堂筆記講義

Lesson36Achanceinamillion百萬分之一的機(jī)遇、Wearelesscredulousthanweusedtobe.Inthenineteenthcentury,anovelistwouldbringhisstorytoaconclusionbypresentinghisreaderswithaseriesofcoincidences--mostofthemwildlyimprobable.我們不再像以往那樣輕易相信別人了。在19世紀(jì)，小說家常在小說結(jié)尾處給讀者準(zhǔn)備一系列的巧合——大部分是牽強(qiáng)附會(huì)，極不可能的。usedtodo過去常常做某事credulous(adj.)容易輕信的，易受騙的credit(n.)信用（creditcard信用卡）less+（adj.原級(jí)）（消級(jí)比較）比…不容易受騙theleast+(adj.原級(jí))最不容易受騙incredulous(adj.)不容易輕信的（貶義）unbelievable(adj.)難以置信的（褒義）aseriesof一系列的coincidence(n.)巧合(co-一起，incident事件，incidence發(fā)生率)eg.Whatacoincidence!真巧??！Bycoincidence，…巧合的是…Byastrangecoincidence,…出奇的巧合…present(n.)禮物(v.)贈(zèng)送presentsb.withsth.=presentsth.tosb.gift(n.)禮物——give(v.)送givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.2、Readershappilyacceptedthefact（thatanobscuremaidservantwasreallythehero'smother.同位語從句）當(dāng)時(shí)的讀者卻愉快地接受這樣一些事實(shí)，一個(gè)低賤的女傭?qū)嶋H上是主人公的母親。obscure(adj.)不易看清的eg.Becauseoftheheavyfog,theviewwasobscure.不易理解的，難懂的eg.obscurelegalphrases難懂的法律條文不出名的，默默無聞的，名不見經(jīng)傳的eg.anobscurepoem一首不出名的詩maidservant(v.)女仆hero(n.)英雄——heroine(n.)女英雄3、Along-lostbrother,（whowaspresumeddead,定語從句）wasreallyaliveallthetimeandwickedlyplottingtobringaboutthehero'sdownfall.主人公一位長期失散的兄弟，大家都以為死了，實(shí)際上一直活著，并且正在策劃暗算主人公。presume(v.)自認(rèn)為（主觀）think(v.)認(rèn)為（中性）eg.Ithinkso.=Ipresumeso.bepresumedinnocent被認(rèn)定、被假定eg.在英國法律中，一個(gè)人在被證明有罪之前，都是被認(rèn)定為清白的。InEnglishlaw,apersonwaspresumedinnocentuntilheprovedguilty.plot(v./n.)密謀做某事plotwithsb.againststh.伙同某人密謀做某事falldown摔倒downfall倒臺(tái)，聲敗名裂4、Andsoon.Modernreaderswouldfindsuchnaivesolutiontotallyunacceptable.Yet,inreallife,circumstancesdosometimesconspiretobringaboutcoincidences（whichanyonebutanineteenthcenturynovelistwouldfindincredible.定語從句）如此等等，現(xiàn)代讀者會(huì)覺得這種天真的結(jié)局完全無法接受。不過，在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，有時(shí)確實(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些巧合，這些巧合除了19世紀(jì)小說家外誰也不會(huì)相信。conspire(v.)（事情）同時(shí)發(fā)生（貶）（do起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用）conspiretodosth.eg.下雨和堵車同時(shí)發(fā)生，導(dǎo)致我遲到了。Therainandthetrafficjamconspiredtobringaboutmylatearrival.soon等等=etc.=soforthnaive(adj.)天真的，幼稚的eg.naiveperson/remark幼稚的人/言論Itisnaivetopresumethat…eg.認(rèn)為所有的粉絲都很腦殘是幼稚的想法。Itisnaivetopresumethatallthefansarebrain-impaired.5、（WhenIwasaboy,時(shí)間狀語從句）mygrandfathertoldme（howaGermantaxidriver,FranzBussman,foundabrother[whowasthoughttohavebeenkilledtwentyyearsbefore.賓語從句）定語從句]當(dāng)我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，我祖父給我講了一位德國出租汽車司機(jī)弗朗茲。巴斯曼如何找到了據(jù)說已在20年前死去的兄弟的事。重點(diǎn)語法：Itissaidthatsheworks16hoursaday.據(jù)說Itisexpectedthatthemeetingwillendsoon.據(jù)期待Itisbelievedthattheboyiswearingacoat.據(jù)認(rèn)為Itisreportedthathekickedapoliceman.據(jù)報(bào)道（thought,considered,known,understood…）改：Sheissaidtowork16hoursaday.Themeetingisexpectedtoendsoon.Theboyisbelievedtobeingwearacoat.Heisreportedtohavekickedapoliceman.表之后：todo;表同時(shí)：tobedoing;表之前：tohavedone6、（Whileonawalkingtourwithhiswife,時(shí)間狀語從句）hestoppedtotalktoaworkman.Aftertheyhadgoneon,Mrs.Bussmancommentedontheworkman'scloseresemblancetoherhusbandandevensuggested(thathemightbehisbrother.賓語從句)一次，他與妻子徒步旅行。途中，停下來與一個(gè)工人交談，接著他們繼續(xù)往前走去。巴斯曼夫人說那工人與她丈夫相貌很像，甚至猜測他可能就是她丈夫的兄弟。goon繼續(xù)走（實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+on:繼續(xù)做某事）commenton對(duì)…發(fā)表評(píng)論resemblance(n.)相像resemble(vt.)相像=looklikeeg.她和她弟弟長得很像。Sheresemblesherbrotherinlooks.=Shelookslikeherbrother.7、Franzpouredscornontheidea,pointingout(thathisbrotherhadbeenkilledinactionduringthewar.賓語從句)（ThoughMrs.Bussmanwasfullyacquaintedwiththisstory讓步狀語從句），shethought（thattherewasachanceinamillion[thatshemightberight.]賓語從句/定語從句）弗朗茲對(duì)此不屑一顧，指出他兄弟已經(jīng)在戰(zhàn)爭中陣亡了。盡管巴斯曼夫人熟知這個(gè)情況，但她仍然認(rèn)為自己的想法仍有百萬分之一的可能性。scorn(v./n.)鄙視pourscornonsb.sth.對(duì)…鄙視eg.我鄙視那些幼稚又容易受騙的人。Ipourscornonthepersonswhoarenaiveandcredulous.你為什么總是瞧不起我的建議？Whydoyoualwayspourscornonmysuggestions?beacquaintedwith對(duì)…熟悉=befamiliarwithacquaintance（n.）熟人achanceinamillion萬分之一的機(jī)遇agoldenchance寶貴的機(jī)會(huì)8、Afewdayslater,shesentaboytotheworkmantoaskhim（ifhisnamewasHansBussman.賓語從句）Needlesstosay,theman'snamewasHansBussmanandhereallywasFranz'slong-lostbrother.（Whenthebrotherswerereunited,時(shí)間狀語從句）Hansexplained（howitwasthathewasstillalive.賓語從句）幾天后，她派了一個(gè)男孩去問那人是否叫漢斯.巴斯曼。不出巴斯曼夫人所料，那人的名字真是漢斯.巴斯曼，他確實(shí)是弗朗茲失散多年的兄弟。兄弟倆團(tuán)聚之時(shí)，漢斯說明了他活下來的經(jīng)過。sendsth.送某物，寄某物sendsb.todosth.打發(fā)某人去做某事needlesstosay勿庸置疑，無需多說9、Afterhavingbeenwoundedtowardstheendofthewar,hehadbeensenttohospitalandwasseparatedfromhisunit.ThehospitalhadbeenbombedandHanshadmadehiswaybackintoWesternGermanyonfoot.Meanwhile,hisunitwaslostandallrecordsofhimhadbeendestroyed.戰(zhàn)爭即將結(jié)束時(shí)，他負(fù)傷被送進(jìn)醫(yī)院，并與部隊(duì)失去聯(lián)系。醫(yī)院遭到轟炸，漢斯步行回到了西德。與此同時(shí)，他所在部隊(duì)被擊潰，他的所有檔案材料全部毀于戰(zhàn)火。eg.While/whenIwasreadingthebook,Ifoundamistakeonthefrontpage.改：While/whenreadingthebook,…eg.AfterJoefinishedbreakfast,sheleftthehouse.改：Afterfinishingbreakfast,…eg.AfterJoehadfinishedbreakfast,sheleftthehouse.改：Afterhavingfinishedbreakfast,…meanwhile同時(shí)=inthemeantime=atthesametime10、Hansreturnedtohisfamilyhome,butthehousehadbeenbombedandnooneintheneighbourhoodknew（whathadbecomeoftheinhabitants.賓語從句）Assumingthathisfamilyhadbeenkilledduringanairraid,Hanssettleddowninavillagefift