語法專題02 可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

語法專題02可數(shù)名詞和不行數(shù)名詞名詞按其所表示的事物的性質可分為可數(shù)名詞和不行數(shù)名詞。凡是可以計算事物數(shù)目的名詞，叫可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復數(shù)兩種形式，單數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)名詞時，有肯定的規(guī)律可循(見下表)，但也有一些不規(guī)章變化，需要逐一記憶。凡是不能直接用數(shù)計算，而需要用量計算的名詞，多為不行數(shù)名詞，不行數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式。1.可數(shù)名詞(1)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前常用冠詞a/an或my,your,his等物主代詞或指示代詞this,that來修飾。(2)若表示一類事物可用a/an加單數(shù)名詞表示，也可用復數(shù)名詞表示?？蓴?shù)名詞變復數(shù)規(guī)章：類別構成方法例詞一般狀況詞尾加-scup→cups,friend→friends,banana→bananas以s,x,ch,sh等結尾的詞詞尾加-esclass→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,wish→wishes以輔音字母加y結尾的詞變y為i，再加-esdictionary→dictionaries,family→families以f或fe結尾的詞把f/fe變?yōu)関，再加-esknife→knives詞尾加-sroof→roofs以o結尾的詞詞尾加-estomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes詞尾加-sradio→radiosphoto→photos2.不行數(shù)名詞(1)一般沒有復數(shù)形式。(2)不能用不定冠詞a/an或指示代詞this,that,these,those或數(shù)詞one,two,three等修飾，但可用定冠詞the或some或lotsof/alotof(很多)來修飾。(3)不行數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量要借助＂基數(shù)詞+表示量的名詞+of＂短語表達，如threepiecesofbread(三塊面包)，twoglassesofmilk(兩杯牛奶)等。(4)作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。(5)用代詞指代不行數(shù)名詞時，用單數(shù)it，不用復數(shù)they或them?！究谠E】金木水火土，米面茶肉布，油鹽糖酒醋，全部不行數(shù)。對應的單詞為：gold(金子)，wood(木材)，water(水)，fire(火)，mud(泥土)，rice(米)，flour(面粉)，tea(茶)，meat(肉)，cloth(布)，oil(油)，salt(鹽)，sugar(糖)，wine(酒)，beer(啤酒)，vinegar(醋)。【典例】1．Weseesome________risingintotheairattheopeningofournewlibrary.A．balloons B．balloon C．balloones2．—CanIhelpyou,Madam?—Yes.______please.A．Twopairofsocks B．TwopairsofsocksC．Twopairsofsock D．Twopairofsock【拓展】修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞many,afew,few修飾不行數(shù)名詞的詞much,alittle,little既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不行數(shù)名詞的詞alotof/lotsof,some?somechicken/students一些雞肉/同學?manyapples很多蘋果?alotofmoney/bananas很多錢/香蕉?muchorange很多橙汁一、單項選擇1．—Hi,Jenny!What________dowehavetoday?—Chinese,math,art,musicandEnglish.Andour________haveapartyafter________.A．class,class,class B．classes,class,classC．classes,classes,classes D．classes,classes,class2．—Whatcoloristhehat?—It’s________.A．anorange B．someoranges C．orange D．oranges3．—Alice,whoisthat?—Oh,it’s________father.A．TinaandLinda’s B．Tina’sandLinda’s C．TinaandLinda D．Tina’sandLinda4．—What’sonthetable?—Thereisalotof________onit.Ilikeeatingitverymuch.A．milk B．oranges C．bread D．pears5．Couldyoupleasegetmesome________?I’mhungry.A．meats B．eggs C．breads6．Howmuch________doyouwant?A．tomato B．chicken C．pears7．—WhatcanIdoforyou?—Iwantaglassofmilk,somebreadand________.A．somechickens B．somechicken C．anychicken8．Pleasegiveme________.A．twopiecepaper B．twopiecespaperC．twopieceofpaper D．twopiecesofpaper9．Canyougiveme________paper?A．two B．twopiece C．twopieces D．twopiecesof10．—Theroomissoclean.Whoseroomisit?—Itmaybe________.A．Lucy’sandLily’s B．Lucy’sandLilyC．LucyandLily’s D．LucyandLily11．Todayis_________.TomorrowisSaturday.A．Wednesday B．Tuesday C．Friday D．Sunday12．Thisismysisterandthosearemy________.A．parent B．grandparents C．aunt D．uncle13．—________cameraisthis?—It’s________.A．Whose,Tina B．Who’s,Tina’s C．Whose,Tina’s D．Whose,Tina14．I’dlike_______,please.A．akiloofbean B．twokilosofbeanC．akiloofbeans D．twokiloofbeans15．Changshaisoneofthemostvisited________inChina.________visitorsspendtheirholidaythereeveryyear.A．city;Tenmillion B．cities;MillionsofC．cities;Tenmillions D．city;Millionof16．—Howmuchisthedress?—_______A．80yuans. B．80dollars.C．80pound. D．80euro.17．Ilikeeating________.Whataboutyou?A．fishes B．fishing C．fish D．fishs18．—Whatwouldyoulike?

—I’dlikesome_________.A．boxofegg B．boxesofegg C．boxesofeggs D．boxofeggs19．Wemovedtoanewhouseandbought_________.A．alotoffurniture B．manyfurnitures C．anfurniture D．furnitures20．Drawingpictures________forme.A．areagreatfun B．aregreatfun C．isagreatfun D．isgreatfun21．—Therearealotof________onthetable.Wouldyouliketohaveone?—No,Iwouldliketodrinkalittle________.A．oranges;orange B．orange;oranges C．oranges;oranges D．orange;orange22．—Iamhungry,Mum.CanIgetsome________toeat?—Ofcourse.Andyoucanget________milktodrink,too.A．bread;alittle B．breads;afew C．breads;alittle23．Look!Thereare________onAnn’sdesk.A．twobottlesoforangejuice B．twobottleoforangesjuice C．twobottleoforangejuice24．—Scotthasaninteresting________.—Yes,he________ataTVstation.A．work;work B．job;works C．job;work25．Haveyougota______it?A．contentspageto B．contentspageforC．contentpageto D．contentpagefor26．Mumwithmebuyssome_________inthesupermarket.A．eggsorchickens B．eggsorchicken C．eggsandchicken D．eggorchickens27．—Whatisyourfavouritefood?—Ilike_________best.Ihadalargebowllastnight.A．potatonoodle B．potatoesnoodles C．potatonoodles D．potatoesnoodle28．Milliewantsthree________andsome________.A．apples;rices B．fish;orange C．cakes;chickens D．eggs;fish29．“Areyou________?”“Yes,weare________brothers.”A．twin;twin B．twins;twins C．twins;twin D．twin;twins30．—Howmany________arethereinyourschool?—Aboutonehundred.A．womanteacher B．womenteacher C．womanteachers D．womenteachers二、語法選擇A請通讀下面短文，把握其大意，依據(jù)語法和上下文連貫的要求，從每小題所給的三個選項中選出一個最佳答案。MarkTwainwasagreatAmericanwriter.Hewasalsoa31speaker(演說家).Manypeoplelikedtolistento32talkbecausehelikedtotellsomeinterestingstoriestomakepeoplelaughallthetime.OnedayMarkTwain33toasmalltownbecauseofhiswriting.Beforeheleft,oneofhis34saidtohimthattherewerealwaysalotofmosquitoes(蚊子)inthetown.MarkTwainsaid,“Itdoesn’tmatter.Idon’tthinkthemosquitoeswillcome35me.”Afterhegottothetown,MarkTwainstayedinasmallhotelnearthestation.Hewentintohisroom,36whenhewasjustabouttohavearest,quiteafewmosquitoesflewabouthim.Thewaiterfeltverysorry37that.“I’mverysorry,MrMarkTwain.Therearetoomanymosquitoesinourtown,”hesaid.MarkTwain,however,playedajokeandsaidto38waiter,“Themosquitoesarevery39.Theyknowmyroomnumber.Theydon’t40intothewrongroom.”31．A．successful B．success C．succeed32．A．he B．himself C．him33．A．isgoing B．goes C．went34．A．friend B．friends C．friends’35．A．visit B．visiting C．tovisit36．A．but B．so C．or37．A．of B．about C．with38．A．a B．an C．the39．A．clever B．cleverer C．cleverest40．A．come B．coming C．cameBMrsWhiteisahousewife.Shehasmuchtimelookingafterherfamily.Shelivesin41bigcity.She42shoppingeveryweekend.Sometimesshebuyssomefood43thefamily,andsometimesshebuyscoats,shoes,bagsandsoon.Sheenjoysbuyingcheap44.Shethinkssheshould45money.MrsWhite’sdaughterKatelikestogoshoppingverymuch.Shegoestosomeshopswhensheis46everySaturday.Shelikesgoingwith47classmateJudy.Theysometimesbuymanythings,48sometimestheydon’tbuyanything.Theyonlylookatthethingsintheshops.Thatmakesthemvery49.ThisSaturdayshebuysapairofsunglassesforherself.Sheisgoing50foraholidaywithherfamilythissummerholiday.41．A．an B．a C．the42．A．went B．isgoing C．goes43．A．in B．for C．at44．A．thing B．things C．things’45．A．save B．saves C．saving46．A．free B．freely C．freedom47．A．she B．her C．hers48．A．but B．so C．because49．A．happy B．happier C．thehappiest50．A．togo B．going C．togoing三、短文填空閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。HiMarco,It’sagreatpleasuretohearfromyou!IlivewithmyparentsinasmallhouseinGreenwich.It’sanicesmallhouse51threebedroomsandacutegarden.Mymumisagoodcook,andthefoodshecooksnotonlylooksgreatbutalso52(taste)delicious!Mydadworksinthepolicestation.Heisstrictwithus,53sometimesI’mafraidofhim.Iusuallyspendmyweekends54(read).It’smyhobby.Idon’tliketalkingmuchwithstrangers(生疏人).Butwithfriends,Ialwayshavemany55(story)toshare.Nextweek,I56(have)atriptoShanghai.Ican’twaittogotherebecauseit’sthe57(one)timeformetovisitChina.ButI’malsoalittlenervous.I’mafraidofstayingin58newplace.IhopeallthethingsarefineandIcanenjoy59(me)inShanghai.IfIhaveenoughtime,I’dlike60(meet)youthere.Sotellmemoreaboutyourcity,OK?Yours,Linda四、閱讀理解ThereisalotofsaltontheEarth,anditmixesverywellwithwater.Thereissomesaltinallwater.Wateronthelandrunsintolakesandrivers.Thewaterfrommostlakesgoesintorivers.Thereriversrunintotheseasandoceans.Theycarryalittlesaltwiththem.Someoftheoceanwatermovesintotheairandclouds.Itevaporates.Saltcannotevaporate.Itstaysintheocean.Thewaterintheoceanshasmoresaltthanwaterinrivers.Oceanwaterhasabout3.5%salt.Someseashavemoresaltthanothers.Somelakesdonothavearivertocarrythewaterandsaltaway.Someof