2025屆高考英語一輪復習課時作業(yè)十九選修⑥Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld課時作業(yè)含解析牛津譯林版

PAGE課時作業(yè)(十九)選修⑥Unit4HelpingpeoplearoundtheworldⅠ.閱讀理解A[2024·成都市高三診斷檢測]PeopleoftenaskhowIdecidewheretogo,andIusuallygethesitatedwithmyresponse,asIdon'tactuallyhaveananswertothat.Formorethanthreeyears,Ihavebeenmakingmovementswiththeuniverse,travelingfromonelocationtoanotheratseeminglyrandomintervals.AfriendofminepostedamessageonlineaskingifanybodywasinterestedinajobteachingEnglishinChina.SoIjumpedonacomingplane.Walkingintomyfirstclass,Iwasbombedby16strangechildrenwhocouldn'tunderstandasinglewordoutofmymouth.WhenIwalkedoutofmylastclass,sixmonthslater,Ihadmadeapersonalconnectionwiththem.SomeofmystudentscouldbarelyspeakChineseorEnglish.Butsomehow，throughdeterminationandforce,wewereconnected.EveryclasswasnotonlyalessoninEnglish,butingoodfellowship,beingarolemodel,beingaparent,andbeingafriend.Ibecameafathertosome,anolderbrothertoothers.Iwaslovedandadored,fearedandhated.Ihadtolearndiscipline,andnotonlyhowtodealitout,buthowtodisciplineandconductmyselfasarolemodel.Butinbetweenthediscipline,Ihadtomakelearningafunexperience.AndtheyforgavemewhenIyelledorgotupset.Andwhentheylosttheirtempersorbruisedtheirkneesormissedtheirmommies,Iforgavethem,kissedtheirbruisesbetter,andgavethemashouldertocryon.TeachingEnglishinChinais,byfar,themostemotionallyrewardingandfulfillingthingI'veeverchallengedmyselftodo.Ihavewalkedawayfromthisjobwithasoftenedheart,knowingthatIhavemadeadifferenceinsomanylives.Iwantthat.Iwantmyteachingtobereciprocalbecausetheytaughtmehowtounconditionallyopenmyheartandhowtobeamorelovingandpatientperson.1．WhatcanwelearnaboutthewriterbeforehecametoChina?A．Hedidn'thaveafixedjob.B．Hewasaprofessionalwriter.C．Heworkedinatravelagency.D．Hetaughtinalanguageschool.2．Whatwasthesituationlikewhentheauthormethisstudentsforthefirsttime?A．Hard.B．Exciting.C．Touching.D．Inspiring.3．WhatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromParagraph3?A．Hewascasualandpatient.B．Hewasresponsiblebutsensitive.C．Hewascautiousbutbad-tempered.D．Hewasself-reflectiveandconsiderate.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reciprocal”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A．Beneficial.B．Interacted.C．Encouraging.D．Acceptable.B[2024·成都市畢業(yè)班其次次診斷檢測]Africanpenguins(Spheniscusdemersus)beartheunfortunatenickname“jackasspenguins”becausetheycommunicatethroughhonking,donkey-likesounds.Laughatthemifyoulike,butanewstudysuggeststhattheirjackasslanguageactuallyfollowsthesamebasicrulesasours.InthestudypublishedinthejournalBiologyLetters,researchersrecordednearly600vocalizations(發(fā)聲)from28adultmalepenguinslivinginItalianzoos.Malestendtovocalizealotduringthematingperiod,whichiswhytheresearchersturnedtothispopulation.ThescientistsknewfrompreviousresearchthatAfricanpenguinshonkusingthreedistincttypesofsounds,similartohumansyllables(音節(jié)),whengreetingoneanother,mating,ordefendingterritory.Buttheresearcherswantedtoknowwhetherthose“syllables”followedtwocommonlinguistic(語言學的)rules.Oneofthoserules,calledZipf'slawinshort,wasproposedin1945bythelinguistGeorgeKingsleyZipf.Thelawstatesthatthemorefrequentlyawordisusedinanylanguage,theshorterittendstobe(thinkofwordslike“the”，“to”and“of”inEnglish).Previousstudieshaveanalyzedmorethan1,000worldlanguagesforevidenceofZipf'slaw,andtheruleholdsupinallofthem.Theotherrule,knownastheMenzerath-Altmannlaw,saysthatthelongerawordorphraseis,theshorteritscomponentsyllablesare,whileshorterwordsaremorelikelytohavelongersyllables.Theword“onomatopoeia”，forexample,ismadeofsixveryshortsyllables,while“couch”ismadeofonelongerone.Previousstudieshaveshownthatnonhumanprimatesfollowboththeseruleswhentheycommunicatewitheachother,butwhataboutjackasspenguins?TheresearchersofthenewstudyfoundthatthesongsofthemalejackasspenguinconformtobothZipf'sandMenzerath-Altmann'slaws:Theshortestcallstendedtobethemostcommon,andthelongestphrasesweremadeupoftheshortestsyllables.Thisstudyprovidedthefirstnonprimateevidencethatthesecommonlinguisticpatternsextendintotheanimalkingdom,theauthorswrote,andthat'snothingtohemandhawat.5．Whydidtheresearcherschooseadultmalejackasspenguins?A．Theycanvocalizedifferentkindsofsounds.B．Theyaremoreaccessiblethanotherpenguins.C．Theycommunicatewitheachotherthroughhonking.D．Theymakesoundsfrequentlyduringthematingperiod.6．Whatdoestheauthortrytoexpressbymentioningthewords“the”，“to”and“of”inEnglish?A．GeorgeKingsleyZipf'sideaisreasonable.B．Thesewordsareextremelysimple.C．Previousstudiesareverymeaningful.D．Englishisquitesimilartootherlanguages.7．WhichofthefollowingfullyexplainswhattheMenzerath-Altmannlawmeans?A．Eggandfood.B．Contradictoryandshout.C．Learnandearn.D．Discriminationandprescription.8．Whatconclusionhasthenewstudymade?A．Manylanguagesfollowthesamelinguisticrules.B．Jackasspenguinscommunicatewitheachotherbyhonking.C．Jackasspenguins'languageandthehumanlanguagesharethebasiclinguisticrules.D．Zipf'slawandMenzerath-Altmannlawarecommonlyappliedrules.Ⅱ.七選五[2024·廣州高三調研]LearningtounderstandspokenEnglishcanbedifficult.Learnersmustnotonlymasternewphrases,butalsolearnconversationalidioms.That'salottolearn!Buttheymaysoonrealizethereissomethingelsegoingon.__1__Thesedifferentstylesofspeakingarecalled“registers”.Intheirwork,languageexpertsidentifythreemajorfactorsthataffecttheregisterofspokenEnglish:theplaceoftheconversation,therelationshipbetweenthespeakers,andthepurposeoftheconversation.__2__Eventwobestfriendswhoworkandlivetogethermayspeakmoreformallytoeachotherintheoffice.Athome,onemightsay,“C'mon,Iwannaleave.”Thesamepersonatworkmightsay,“Areyoureadytogonow？”Therelationshipbetweenthespeakersalsoaffectsthelanguagetheyusewhentalkingwitheachother.Peoplespeaklessformallytofriendsandmoreformallytostrangers.__3__Peoplewhoknoweachotherwellmightusemoreidiomsandmoreslangintheirspeech.Anangrywomanmighttellherdaughterto“hushyourmouth”andhersisterto“quietdown”．Finally,thepurposeoftheconversationaffectspeople'sspeech.Apersonwhowantstoeasehurtfeelingsusesasoft,quiettone.__4__Fewspeakersrealizethattheychangeregistersaccordingtothesefactors.__5__Wearenotawarethatwemakethesechanges.Weacceptthechangeabilityoftheweather,butweoftenrefusetoacceptthechangeabilityofspeech.A．Infact,mostpeoplestronglydenyit.B．Peoplegenerallyspeaklessatworkthantheydoathome.C．Theverysamepersonspeaksdifferentlyindifferentsituations.D．Therefore,weshouldbecarefulnottohurteachotherwithourspeech.E．Ontheotherhand,apersonwhowantstopickafightspeaksrapidlyandloudly.F．Theplacewheretheconversationtakesplacedirectlyaffectsthelanguageoftheconversation.G．Becausetheyalreadyshareinformationandexperiencewithfriends,theydonotneedtoexplainasmuch.Ⅲ.語法填空[2024·浙江五校聯(lián)考]A3-year-oldboywhowaslostinthewoodsfortwodaysisnowsafeathomewithhisfamily.ButCaseyHathawaytold1.________(he)rescuersthathewasnotaloneinthewet,freezingcoldwoods.Hesaidhewaswith2.________friend—abear.ThechildwentmissingonJanuary22while3.________(play)withfriendsathisgrandmother'shouseinthesouthernstateofNorthCarolina.WhentheotherchildrenreturnedtothehouseandCaseydidnot,thefamilysearchedtheareaforalmostanhour4.________callingthepolice.Policeformedasearchandrescueteam5.________(look)fortheyoungboyinthenearbywoods.6.________twodayswentbyandstillnoCasey.ThenonJanuary24,someonecalledthepolicesayingtheyheardachildcryinginthewoods.Policefollowedupontheinformationandsearchedthatparticulararea,7.________theyfoundCaseyatabout9：30thatnight.Theypulledhimoutofsomebushes.Hewasingoodhealth.Caseytoldtherescuersthathe8.________(hang)outwithablackbearfortwodays,abearhecalledhis“friend.”SheriffChipHughesspokewithreportersfromseveralnews9.________(agency).HesaidCaseydidnotsayhowhewasabletosurviveinthewoodsfortwodaysinthecold,10.________(rain)weather.課時作業(yè)(十九)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與自我——個人經(jīng)驗——作者在中國教英語的經(jīng)驗【語篇解讀】本文主要講解并描述了作者在中國教英語的經(jīng)驗及感悟。1．答案與解析：A考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第一段中的“Formorethanthreeyears,Ihavebeen...seeminglyrandomintervals”可以推斷，作者在來中國之前并沒有穩(wěn)定的工作，故A項正確。2．答案與解析：A考查推理推斷。依據(jù)其次段中的“Walkingintomyfirstclass，Iwasbombedby16strangechildrenwhocouldn'tunderstandasinglewordoutofmymouth”可推知，作者第一次見到學生時，狀況是艱難的，故選A。touching意為“動人的，令人憐憫的”；inspiring意為“鼓舞人心的”。3．答案與解析：D考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第三段中的“Ihadtolearndiscipline，andnotonlyhowtodealitout，buthowtodisciplineandconductmyselfasarolemodel”可推知，作者擅長自我反思，并結合“Iforgavethem，kissedtheirbruisesbetter,andgavethemashouldertocryon”可推知，作者是愛護的，故選D。4．答案與解析：B考查詞義揣測。本句是一個主從復合句，依據(jù)緣由狀語從句“becausetheytaughtmehowtounconditionallyopenmyheartandhowtobeamorelovingandpatientperson”可知，因為作者的學生教會了他如何無條件地敞快樂扉，如何成為一個更有愛心、更有耐性的人，所以他希望自己從事的教學工作是互惠的(自己和學生都有所收獲)，B項的含義與畫線詞的含義最為接近，故選B。B語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——探討發(fā)覺——非洲企鵝的語言規(guī)則【語篇解讀】非洲企鵝有“公驢企鵝”的外號，因為它們通過發(fā)出像驢一樣的叫聲進行溝通，但一項新的探討表明，非洲企鵝的語言和人類語言遵循相同的基本語言學規(guī)則。5．答案與解析：D考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)其次段中的“Malestendtovocalizealotduringthematingperiod，whichiswhytheresearchersturnedtothispopulation”可知，探討人員之所以選擇雄性非洲企鵝是因為它們在交配期頻繁發(fā)出聲音，故選D。6．答案與解析：A考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第三段的內容，尤其是“theruleholdsupinallofthem”可推知，作者列舉在英語中運用的三個單詞是為了說明齊夫定律是合理的，故選A。holdup意為“支撐得住”。7．答案與解析：B考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第四段中的“MenzerathAltmannlaw,saysthatthelongerawordorphraseis,theshorteritscomponentsyllablesare,whileshorterwordsaremorelikelytohavelongersyllables”可知，MenzerathAltmann定律表明一個單詞或短語越長，它的組成音節(jié)越短，而較短的單詞更可能有較長的音節(jié)；contradictory單詞長，是一個多音節(jié)詞，但音節(jié)較短，shout單詞短，但卻是一個長音節(jié)詞，這兩個詞能完全闡釋MenzerathAltmann定律，故選B。8．答案與解析：C考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Thisstudyprovidedthefirstnonprimateevidencethatthesecommonlinguisticpatternsextendintotheanimalkingdom”和第一段最終一句可知，新的探討的結論是非洲企鵝的語言和人類語言遵循相同的基本語言學規(guī)則，故選C。Ⅱ.七選五語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——人際溝通——影響英語口語語體風格的三個主要因素【語篇解讀】語言專家發(fā)覺，影響英語口語語體風格的三個主要因素是：談話的地點、說話者之間的關系以及談話的目的。1．答案與解析：C空后一句“Thesedifferentstylesofspeakingarecalled‘registers'”與C項中的“speaksdifferentlyindifferentsituations”相呼應，說明同一個人在不同的狀況下說話風格不同，故選C項。2．答案與解析：F依據(jù)空后一句“Eventwobestfriendswhoworkandlivetogethermayspeakmoreformallytoeachotherintheoffice.”可知，即使是一起工作和生活的兩個最好的摯友，他們在辦公室里交談的方式也可能更正式；并結合該段所舉的例子和第一段最終一句可知，本段應是講解并描述影響英語口語語體風格的因素之一——談話的地點，故F項與此處匹配。3．答案與解析：G依據(jù)空前一句“Peoplespeaklessformallytofriendsandmoreformallytostrangers.”可知，人們對摯友說話不太正式，而對生疏人說話則比較正式。據(jù)此可推知，空處應是說明其緣由，即因為他們已經(jīng)和摯友共享了信息和經(jīng)驗，所以他們不須要說明太多。故G項正確。4．