11 歷史人物-2025年中考英語新熱點(diǎn)時(shí)文閱讀

2025年中考英語新熱點(diǎn)時(shí)文閱讀-歷史人物題型主要內(nèi)容1閱讀理解介紹了“破釜沉舟”的故事。2閱讀理解介紹了數(shù)學(xué)家祖沖之。3閱讀理解介紹了岳飛精忠報(bào)國的故事。4閱讀理解講述了中國歷史上著名的醫(yī)生李時(shí)珍以及他寫的《本草綱目》。5完形填空講述了班超帶兵出使鄯善國，在鄯善國智取匈奴國并得到了鄯善國國王的欽佩，成功與鄯善國簽訂了條約。6短文填空講述了“三尺巷”的典故。7短文填空“退避三舍”的來歷和含義。8短文填空了齊國派遣晏子去楚國求援的故事。9短文填空介紹古代中國的數(shù)學(xué)家祖沖之。10選詞填空介紹了汪倫對李白的崇敬之情以及他們的友誼。01（24-25九年級上·重慶沙坪壩·開學(xué)考試）AttheendoftheWarringStatesPeriod(戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期),YingZhengunifiedsixstatesandstartedtheQinDynasty.Butsoon,afterhissonHuhaibecamethenewemperor,thesixstateswantedtoriseagain.TheywereoftenatwarwithQin.Oneday,Zhaocouldn’twinagainstQin’sarmyandaskedforhelpfromChu.TherulerofChuagreedtosendanarmy.SongYiwastheleaderofthearmyandXiangYuwashisdeputy(副官).WhenthisarmyreachedatownbytheZhangheRiver,Songdecidedtostaythereforawhile.Thesoldiershadtowaitforhisorderswhilecoldandhungry.ButSonghimselfenjoyednicefoodandinterestingperformances.Aboutamonthlater,XiangfinallylosthispatienceandkilledSong.Whenhebecamethenewleaderofthearmy,XiangsentagroupofsoldierstocrosstheZhangheRiverfirsttohelpZhao.Xiangthenorderedtherestofhissoldiers,“Breakallthepotsandsinkalltheboats.Eitheryourenemiesdie,oryoudie!”Therewasnowayofturningback.WhenthesoldiersmetQin’sarmy,theyshoutedloudlyandfoughtverybravely.Intheend,Xiang’sarmywonthewar.1．WhounifiedsixstatesattheendoftheWarringStatesPeriod?A．Huhai. B．XiangYu. C．YingZheng. D．SongYi.2．WhatdidChudoafterZhaoaskedforhelp?A．Chukeptsilentanddidn’treplytoZhao. B．ChuagreedtosendanarmytohelpZhao.C．ChuhelpedQintofightagainstZhao. D．ChukilledtheleaderofQin.3．WhydidXiangYukillSongYi?A．Becausetheyareenemiesfromdifferentarmies.B．BecauseSongYienjoyedhimselfwhilehissoldierswerehungryandcold.C．BecauseChu’semperororderedXiangYutodoso.D．BecauseXiangdidn’twanttocrosstheriver.4．WhatfamousChineseidiomisfromthisstory?A．三顧茅廬 B．草木皆兵 C．完璧歸趙 D．破釜沉舟02（23-24九年級上·福建莆田·期中）ZuChongzhiwasoneofthegreatestmathematiciansinancientChina.HewasbornduringtheNorthernandSoutherndynasties.Hisfamilywereverytalented.Theyhadbeenstudyingmathematicsandastronomy(天文學(xué))forgenerations.Fromayoungage.Zuwastaughtnaturalscience,astronomy,math.philosophy(哲學(xué))andsoon.Thelittleboywasinterestedinallofthesesubjects,especiallyinmath.Zuwasbestknownforhiscalculationofpi.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,hedidalltheworkusingonlywoodensticks.Ittookhimlotsoftimetoworkoutthevalue—between3,1415926and3,1415927.Nooneatthattimewasabletocalculateitmoreaccurately(準(zhǔn)確地)thanZu.Theachievementhasbeenrecognizedaroundtheworld.InordertorememberZu,somemathematicianshavesuggestedcallingpi“ZuLv(祖率)”.Zuwasalsoknownforworkingouthowtocalculatethevolume(體積)ofasphere(球).HedidthiswiththehelpofhissonZuGengzhi.ThetworecordedtheirachievementinZhuiShu.ThebookwasusedduringtheTangdynasty.ButZuwassuccessfulnotonlyinmath;hedidagoodjobinastronomy,too.Heworkedoutthatayearshouldbe365.24281481dayslongandcreatedtheDamingCalendar.However,governmentofficialsatthattimedidnotagreewithZu.Thegreatmathematicianneversawhiscalendarputintouseafterhisdeath,ZuGengzhikeptonprovingthattheDamingCalendarwasmoreaccurate.Almosttenyearslater,thenewcalendarwasfinallyaccepted.Zuwasalsoaninventor.Heoncemadeavehiclethatcarriedapointer.Howeverthevehicleturned,thepointeralwayspointedtotheSouth.Zualsoinventedthe1,000-liBoat.Theboatcouldtravel100li(about60kilometers)inaday.1．What’sthebeststructureforthetext?A． B． C． D．2．WhichquestioncangettheanswerfromthebookZhuiShu?A．Howtodocalculationsusingwoodensticks?B．Howtoworkouttheaccuratevalueofpi?C．Howtocalculatethevolumeofasphere?D．Howtoprovethatayearis365,24281481dayslong?3．TheDamingCalendarwasnotimmediatelyputintousebecause________.A．governmentofficialsrefusedtousethecalendarB．ZuGengzhiprovedthatthecalendarwasinaccurateC．thecalendarwashardforthegeneralpublictoacceptD．ZuChongzhilaterdiscoveredmistakesinthecalendar4．WhichpicturemostprobablyshowsZuChongzhi’sinvention?A． B． C． D．5．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．AgreatdynastyinancientChina B．TheachievementsinancientChinaC．AstoryaboutZuChengzhiandhisson D．ZuChongzhi’sgreatachievements03（23-24九年級上·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·期中）YueFeiisoneofChina’sfamousheroes.WhenNorthernSongwasinvaded(入侵),Yuehadtomakeadifficultchoice:hewantedtoprotecthiscountry,buthealsowantedtotakecareofhismother.Toencouragehim,hismotherwrotefourChinesecharacters(漢字)onhisback:jingzhongbaoguo.ThenYueFeiwentofftowar.In1127,theJinDynasty(朝代)invadedKaifeng,thecapitalofNorthernSong.TheSouthernSongDynastywasfoundedthen.AndYueFeiledhisarmytofightagainstJin’ssoldiers.ThereweremanysoldiersfollowingYueFei.Ifthesematesfellill,Yuewouldbringmedicinetothemintime.Iftheydiedinwar,Yuewouldhelptheirfamilies.Whenreceivingawards(獎(jiǎng)賞)fromtheemperor(皇帝),Yuealwayssharedthoseawardswiththem.However,agroupofofficialsheadedbyQinHuitoldtheemperorthatYueFeimightbecometoopowerfulanddosomethingbadtothecountry.SoYueFeihadtoreturntothecapitalandallhisrightsweretakenaway.Oneyearlater,hewasputtodeathwhenhewas39yearsold.1．WhywasitdifficultforYueFeitomakeachoice?A．Becauseheworriedthathewoulddieinthewars.B．Becausehewonderedwhetherhewoulddieinthewars.C．Becausehedidn’tknowwhetherhecouldbeattheenemies.D．Becausehewantedtotakecareofbothhiscountryandhismother.2．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．YueFeicareddeeplyforhismates. B．YueFeialsotreatedwoundedpatientsC．YueFeilookedafterallhissoldiers’families. D．YueFeialwaysacceptedgiftsfromhismates.3．Whatisthecorrectorderaccordingtothepassage?a.Kaifengwasinvaded.

b.YueFeidecidedtogoofftowarc.YueFeiwasputtodeath

d.ThesouthernSongDynastywasfoundedA．b-a-d-c B．a(chǎn)-b-d-c C．d-b-a-c D．c-a-d-b4．WhichofthefollowingmaybewrittenbyYueFei?A．國破山河在，城春草木深 B．人生自古誰無死，留取丹心照汗青C．但使龍城飛將在，不教胡馬度陰山 D．三十功名塵與土，八千里路云和月5．Thispassageiswrittento________A．carryforwardthespiritoflovingourcountry.B．introducethehistoryofSouthernSongDynasty.C．showthedevelopmentofNorthernSongDynasty.D．tellthewaysofbecomingstrongerforacountry.04（2024·西藏·中考真題）LiShizhen(1518—1593),wasafamousChinesemedicalscientist,pharmacist(藥學(xué)家)andnaturalist(博物學(xué)家)oftheMingDynasty.LiShizhen’sgrandfatherwasamedicalpractitioner(從業(yè)人員)whotravelledthecountryside,andhisfather,LiYanwen,wasalsoafamouslocaldoctor.Grownupinamedicalfamilylikethis,hewasreallyfondofmedicinesincehewasakid.However,hisfatherwantedhimtostudyfortheimperialexaminations(科舉考試)anddidnotencouragehimtopractisemedicineduetothelowsocialstatus(地位)atthetime.However,LiShizhendidn’tgiveupstudyingmedicine.WhenLiShizhenwasyoung,heenjoyedtraditionalChinesemedicineandbegantoreadmedicalbooks.Hefoundmanymistakesinthosebooks.Heworriedthesemistakeswouldcauseseriousproblemsordeath.SoLiShizhendecidedtowriteanewbook.Hetravelledeverywheretolookforherbs(藥草)anddoresearch.Andhetalkedwithfarmers,doctorsandpatients.Heeventestedherbsonhimselfandalmostlosthislifemanytimes.LiShizhencollectedandrecordedover1,890herbs.Healsoreadabout900medicalbooks.Heworkeddayandnight.Finallythevaluablework,CompendiumofMateriaMedicaorBencaoGangmu,cameout.TodayMateriaMedicahasbeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguages.ItiswidelyreadnotonlyinChinabutalsoinmanyothercountriesaroundtheworld.1．Fromthepassage,LiShizhenisa(an)_________.A．a(chǎn)rtist B．doctor C．traveller D．farmer2．WhichisLiShizhen’sfamouswork?A．《茶經(jīng)》 B．《千金方》 C．《本草綱目》 D．《傷寒雜病論》3．WhydidLiShizhenwriteCompendiumofMateriaMedica?A．Hewantedtobefamous. B．Hewantedtobeagreatwriter.C．Hewantedtosavemorepeople. D．Hewantedtomakeenoughmoney.4．WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．LiShizhendidn’tlikeherbs.B．LiShizhen’sgrandfatherwasafarmer.C．LiShizhen’sfatherencouragedhimtobeadoctor.D．LiShizhenfoundmanymistakesinthemedicalbooks.5．Whichisthebesttitle(標(biāo)題)forthepassage?A．AStoryofTheHerbsB．LiShizhenandHisFamilyC．AMedicalScientistofTheSongDynastyD．LiShizhenandCompendiumofMateriaMedica05（23-24九年級上·山東濰坊·期中）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。DuringtheHandynasty,therewasageneral(將軍)namedBanChao.Oneday,hewassenttovisitShanshanstate(鄯善國)-nearmodernXinjianginthewest.The1ofBan’stripwastoestablish(建立)goodrelationswiththestate.Hebroughtonlyabout30soldierswithhim.TheShanshankingmetthemkindlyandtreatedthemwell.AtthattimetherewasanationcalledXiongnuorHuninthenorth.Itoftenfought2Han’sarmy.Afewdayslater,Xiongnualsosentmessengers(使者)withlotsofsoldierstothestate.Theyspoke3ofBantothekingofShanshan.Thekingbegantoshowacoldattitude(態(tài)度)towardsBan’sgroup.WhenBansawthis,hesaidtohissoldiers,“TheShanshankingis4treatingusinafriendlywayanylonger.Ifwedon’tdoanything,hemay5usovertotheHuns.Ifso,wewillneitherbeabletocompleteourtask6returnalive.”Thegeneralsaid,“TheHunshave7soldiersthanwedoandtheShanshankingmustsupportthem.Sowehavenochoicebut8allofthesoldiersattheHunsarmycampwhentheyslept.”Atnight,Banledhissoldiers9totheHuns’camp.There,hesetfireandbeatthewardrumsloudly.TheHunsoldierswerevery10.Afterafiercebattle(激戰(zhàn)),Ban’sarmykilledmorethan100enemies.Thekingadmired(欽佩)Ban’sbraveryandfearedBanatthesametime.Heimmediatelysignedapeacetreaty(條約)withBan.1．A．experience B．purpose C．trouble D．method2．A．for B．with C．behind D．a(chǎn)gainst3．A．highly B．warmly C．badly D．coldly4．A．often B．a(chǎn)lways C．never D．hardly5．A．hand B．take C．get D．pass6．A．nor B．or C．but D．a(chǎn)nd7．A．less B．more C．fewer D．weaker8．A．kill B．save C．tosave D．tokill9．A．quickly B．secretly C．slowly D．happily10．A．relaxed B．excited C．frightened D．interested06（2024·浙江溫州·三模）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，或填入括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式。Narrowlanesabouttwometreswide,orsixchiintraditionalChineseunits,areverycommoninChina.However,AnhuiProvince,isperhaps1(famous)oneofall.Thestoryaboutithappenedbetweentwolocal2(family)intheQingDynasty.TheZhangsandtheWus,oncearguedhowthey3(divide)thelinebetweentheirhomes.Theycouldn’treachanagreement.TheZhangfamilywasangry.TheirrelativeZhangYinghadahighgovernmentpositioninthecapital,4theywrotehimalettertoaskforhisadvice.Whenthereplycame,theyopeneditonlytofind5poem.AletterfromfarawayjustforawallIsnotrightorgoodatall.Threechitoyourneighbour6agift.Isnothingastimecontinuestodrift.7wiseZhangYingwas!After8(read)it,theZhangfamilyfeltashamed(羞愧)and9(move)bythisactdeeply.Inreturn,theydecidedtodothesamething.Theygaveupanotherthreechi.Socamethesix-chi-widelanebetweenthetwohouses.Hundredsofyears10(pass)sincethenandthelaneisstillthere.PeopleofTongchengstillkeepthepoeminmind.Whenevertheywalkdownthelane,theyalwaysrememberhowone’skindnessencouragesthekindnessofanother.07（23-24九年級上·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·期中）Howlongorfarissansheintheidiom“tuibisanshe(退避三舍)”?Inancienttimes,shewasaunitofdistance.Onesheisasfaras30li.Oneliis500metersand30liis15,000meters.Sosansheis45k1.Thereisastorybehindthisidiom.DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770-476BC),PrinceChong’eroftheJinstateranawayf2hishomestate.Hewantedtotraveltootherstates.Once,hewenttothestateofChu.KingChengwangofChusawhima3animportantguestandservedhimafeast(盛宴).HeaskedChong’er,“IfyourulethestateofJinoneday,howwouldyouthankme?”“Itseemsyourstatehase4youwant.Ihavenothingthatyoulike,”Chong’ersaid.However,thekingstillaskedforsomething.Finally,Chong’ersaid,“Iwouldaskmyarmytoretreat(撤退)sansheifweeverfight.”Later,Chong’erreturnedtohishomestateofJinandbecamei5rulercalledWengong.Bothofthetwostateswantedtobecomestrongerandgetm6land.Theywenttowarwitheachother.JinWengongdidn’tbreakh7promise.HeaskedhisarmytoretreatsansheandstayinChengpu.TheChuarmyt8thattheJinsoldierswereafraidtofight,sotheyfollowedthem.T9theirsurprise,theJinarmysurrounded(包圍)them.Intheend,Jinw10thewar.ThiswasthefamousBattleofChengpu.Afterthiswar,peopleused“tuibisanshe”tomeanretreatingtoavoidaconflict(沖突).08（23-24九年級上·江蘇泰州·期中）綜合填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在橫線上填上適當(dāng)單詞，使短文完整、通順。Manyyearsago,thereweremanystatesinChina.TheStateofQiusedtobeverystrong,butitbecamelesspowerful.SothekingofQisentYanZi,1manwithbigwisdom,toaskChutosupporteachother.ThekingofChuknewYanZiwasveryshort.HetriedtomakeYanZifeelshyabouthis2(high).WhenYanZiarrived,theguardtoldhimtoenter3thesmallgate.YanZididn’tgetangry.“Onlyastateofdogswillgreet4(visit)withagatefordogs.I’mvisitingtheStateofChu.Thisgateisn’tforme.”YanZisaid.Sotheguardhadtotakehimthroughthemaingate.YanZi’saction5(consider)tobeagainstthekingofChu.Sothekingtriedanotherway.“WhydidQisendYOU?Don’ttheyhaveanyone6(good)?”“IfQimeetsagreatking,it’llsendthebestambassador(使臣).I’mtheworst.That’swhyI’mhere.”YanZi7(reply)calmly.Atthistime,theguardsbroughtathief(小偷)totheking.ThethiefisfromQi,“Ha!YanZi,isQiastateofthieves?”askedtheking8(rude).YanZianswered,“TheorangetreessouthofHuaiRiverproducebiganddeliciousfruit,9theorangetreesnorthofHuaiRiverproducesmallandsourfruit.Theenvironmentmakesthefruitgrowdifferently.InQi,peoplearegoodandhonest,buthere,theysteal.Whatmadethatperson10(be)athiefhere?”Finally,thekinglookedatYanZiandlaughed.“Iwaswrongaboutyouandyourstate!”09（23-24九年級上·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·期中）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及所給首字母提示寫出所缺單詞，使短文意思完整，每空一詞。ZuChongzhiwasoneofthegreatestmathematicians(數(shù)學(xué)家)inancientChina.Hewasb1duringtheNorthernandSoutherndynasties.Fromayoungage,hewastaughtnaturalscience,astronomy,mathandsoon.Thelittleboyshowedani2inallofthesesubjects,especiallyinmath.Hewasbestknownforhiscalculation(計(jì)算)ofpi(π).A3totherecord,hedidalltheworkusingnothingbutwoodensticks.Ittookhimlotsoftimetoworkoutthevalue—b43.1415926and3.1415927.Atthattimenoonewasabletodobetterthanhim.Andnowtheachievementiss5praisedbypeoplearoundtheworld.Somemathematicianss6callingpi“ZuLv”inordertorememberhim.Hisa7wentbeyond(超越)math.Heworkedoutthatayearshouldbe365.24281481dayslongandcreatedtheDamingCalendar.However,governmentofficials