浙江省金華市十校高三下學期4月模擬考試預演英語試卷

金華十校2024年4月高三模擬考試預演英語試卷本試卷分為第I卷（選擇題）和第卷（非選擇題）,共150分,考試時間120分鐘。請考生按規(guī)定用筆將所有試題的答案涂寫在答題紙上。第I卷（選擇題,共95分）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話,每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題,每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthegirllikeinthehistoryarea?A.Thefriendlypeople. B.Thequietenvironment. C.Thefortablechairs.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:WhenI’minthelibrary,Ilikesittingatthelongtablesinthereferencesection.It’squietthere.W:Iprefertoreadinthechairsinthehistoryarea.Theymakemerelaxed.M:Butthere’realwaystoomanypeopletalkingthere2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Onwhichdaydopeoplegoouttothankhealthworkers?A.Tuesday. B.Wednesday. C.Thursday.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:EveryThursday,at8:00p.m.,peoplegooutintothestreetandclap.Theydoittosaythankyoutohealthworkers.W:Yes,IreadaboutthatonTuesday.Shallwejoinintomorrow?3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Howisthemanpreparingtousethetools?A.Bylearningatwork. B.Bywatchingonlinevideos. C.Byreadingtheinstructions.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Doyouknowhowtousethosepowertools?Idon’twantyoutogethurt.Pleasereadtheinstructions.M:Ihavebeenwatchingvideosonthiswebsite.Don’tforget,Iusedtoworkwithaprofessional.Heshowedmeallthesetools.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman?A.Heisn’thardworking. B.Heisn’tstrong. C.Heisn’tpolite.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Howmuchdoyouweigh?Itcan’tbealot.Youlookprettylight,butyou’realsoverystrong.I’veseenyouliftalotofweight.W:It’srudetoaskaladyhowmuchsheweighs!Ithinkyouneedsomelessonsinmanners.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.ATVshow. B.Asportsstar. C.Amusiclesson.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:IfyouwereonthisTVshow,whattopicwouldyouanswerquestionson?Ithinkyou’dbegreatatJamesBond.M:No,Ihaven’tseentherecentonespastthe1990s.I’dbeuselessatmusictoo.Probablysport.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘；聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whatsubjectdidthemanearnhisdegreein?A.German. B.Philosophy. C.Psychology.7.WhydoesthemanwishhehadlearnedSpanish?A.HelikesSpanishculture.B.Hethinksitwouldbemoreuseful.C.HewantstoworkinSouthAmerica.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】W:WhatdidyoustudywhenyoulivedinLondon?M:Ihaveadegreeinpsychology.ButwhenyoustudyintheUnitedKingdom,youneedtostudythreesubjectstobeginwith.W:Whatwereyourothertwo?M:PhilosophyandGerman.It’sgoodformyfuturecareerifIcanspeakalanguage,butIwishI’dlearnedSpanishinstead.W:Whyisthat?M:IlikeGermanculture,andI’vebeenthereafewtimes,butalotmorepeopleintheworldspeakSpanish.W:ItwouldbeusefulifyoueverworkedinSouthAmerica.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatwillthewomandofirst?A.Washherhands. B.Answerthephone. C.Writeupanorder.9.Whatdoesthemanneednow?A.Someoil. B.Somevegetables. C.Someeggs.10.Wherewillthewomanlookfortheitem?A.Ontheshelf. B.Nearthestairs. C.Inthebox.【答案】8.A9.A10.B【解析】【原文】M:Canyouanswerthephoneifsomeonecalls?Ineedtowriteupthisorder.Itisgoingtotakemeafewminutes.W:Sure,butletmegotowashmyhandsfirst.Iwasjustcuttingupsomehotpeppers.M:OK.Sinceyouaregoingdownstairs,canyoubringmeupsomevegetableoilfromtheshelf?IforgottogetitbeforewhenIbroughtuptheeggsandflourfromthecupboard.W:Sure.Butsincewemovedeverythingarounddownthere,Idon’tknowwhereitis.Woulditbeontheshelfstill?M:No.Imovedmostthingsfromtheshelfupintothekitchen.Nowthatwehavetheextraspace,Ithoughtit’dbeeasier.Theoilshouldbenexttotheboxesonthefloor.Theyarerightbythestairs.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】11.Whatsportisthewomangoodat?A.Bowling. B.Football. C.Badminton.12Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Coworkers. B.Cousins. C.Teammates.13.Whatwillthemandonext?A.CallDave. B.SendanemailtoHenry. C.Getatickettoanexhibition.【答案】11.C12.A13.B【解析】【原文】M:HeyBarbara,mybowlingteamisaplayershortforatournament.Doyouwanttojoinus?W:I’mnotreallygoodatbowling.Ifitwasbadminton,I’dbetherightperson.M:Well,weneedsomeone.Otherwise,wewillloseourplace.W:I’lltellyouwhat.I’lldoitifyoucannotfindanyonebetterthanme.M:Well,thetournamentistomorrownightat7:00p.m.Notsureifwewillfindanyoneelsebythen.W:Letmeaskaround.MycousinDaveusedtoplaybowling,butIdon’tknowwhenhelastplayed.M:Well,ifheisavailable,thespotishis.W:Ohno,I’vejustrememberedthatwe’regoingtoanewmuseumexhibitiontomorrow.M:Nottoworry,we’llfindsomeoneelse.W:WhataboutHenry?He’sourboss,buthe’squitesporty.Heplaysfootball.M:Greatidea.I’lldrophimanemail.W:SorryIcouldn’tdoit.Butifitwasme,you’dprobablylose.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】14.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inamuseum. B.Inalibrary. C.Inastudio.15.Whoistheman’sbiggesthero?A.Kristal. B.Ansel. C.Ronald.16.Whatdidthemandointhesummer?A.HewenttoAnsel’shouse.B.Hewentfishingwithhisfriends.C.Hewenthikinginamountainalone.17.Whatdoesthemando?A.He’sadesigner. B.He’saphotographer. C.He’sateacher.【答案】14.A15.A16.C17.A【解析】【原文】W:Ronald,itislovelythatyouagreedtoeanddothisforme.M:Don’tworryaboutitonebit.You’lldogreat.Thislittleinterviewisnothing,paredtosettingupthisbeautifulmuseum.W:Thankyou.Whowouldyousayisyourbiggesthero?M:Well,youalreadyknowtheanswertothat,Kristal.MyadviserwasAnselAdams,thegreatnaturephotographer.W:AndwheredidyoumeetAnsel?M:Well,it’sanoddstoryactually.Iwaswithmyfriendsinthesummerandtheywantedtogofishingthatday.ItoldthemIwouldratherwalkthroughthewoods,soIhikedamountaintorelaxalone,andranintoAnselatthetop.W:Letmeguess.Hewastakingpicturesoftherocks?M:Almost.Hewastakingpicturesofaspecialcloud.Immediately,hebegantellingmeeverythingapersoncouldknowaboutclouds.Hewasawealthofinformation.TheamountofknowledgethatAnselhadwasimportanttome.However,itwasthepurejoyandloveforteachingandappreciatingphotographythatgotme.W:Andnowyouownyourownstudio,youdesignclothingandwillsoonhaveapermanentsectionhereatthemodernmuseumofartandtechnology.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】18.Whichcourseisthemostpopularaccordingtothespeaker?A.TheStudySkillscourse.B.TheApplicationHelpcourse.C.TheAdvancedTestingcourse.19.Howmuchwillitcosttotakeallthreecourses?A.$150. B.$200. C.$250.20.Whatwillpeopledotosignupforthedeal?A.GototheChicagooffice. B.Filloutaformonline. C.Callanadvisor.【答案】18.C19.B20.B【解析】【原文】Forthismonthonly,theLearningCenterishavingasaleonourthreeuniversitypreparationcourses.OurApplicationHelpcoursewilltakedaysandevenweekstofinishtheprocessalone.Theseniorstudents’StudySkillscoursefocusesontimemanagementandlearninghowtoorganizenotes.Lastly,ourAdvancedTestingcoursewillcoverthetopicsyoumustknowforuniversityentranceexams.Thiscourseisfilledupmorequicklythantheothers,soyoumustactnowtogetin.Ourdealcutsthepriceofeachcourseinhalf.Insteadof$150foreachtwoweekcourse,you’llpay$75percourse.However,ourbestdealistobuyallthreecoursesnow.Thisspecialpricewillsaveyou$250offthenormalpriceofallthreecourses.Actnowandyoucanhaveallthreecoursesforonly$200.OurdealisonlyavailabletothosewhosignuponthewebsitebeforetheendofApril.Justfillouttheformandwewillputyournamedowntosavethespot.Ifyouoryourparentswishtoknowmore,youcangivemeoranotheradvisoracallatourChicagooffice.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AABCmouseABCmouseisoneofthemostwellknownlearntoreadappsforchildren.Withitsexpertmadecurriculum,theprogramoffersendlesshoursofcontentforchildrenaged2to8.Theinteractiveappoffersthousandsofactivitiestohelpdevelopthisessentialskill,withlessonsthatexposestudentstomath,arts,andscienceatageappropriatelevelstoo.Thecostafterfreetrialisaround$15permonth.Familieswhopurchaseafullyear’ssubscriptioncangetabout70%offtheprice.HomerHomerprovidesapersonalizedlearningpathforchildrenaged2to8.Childrenwilllearnreading,math,creativethinking,andproblemsolvingskillsinafunandengagingway.Insteadofaonesizefitsmostapproach,Homercustomizeslearningplansandallowsstudentstotaketheleadindecidingwhattheywanttoworkon.Thepricepointisinlinewithsimilarappsatabout$5permonthafterafreetrial,orroughly$60forafullyearor$100forlifetimeaccess.HookedonPhonicsHookedonPhonicsisanexceptionaltoolforhomeschoolers,withawiderangeoflessons,games,andfunactivities.Itisoneofthemostpopularbrandsforteachingkidstoread,anditsintegratedsystemmakesitanidealoptionforhomeschoolingstudents.Childrenareintroducedtoeachnewconceptthroughaseriesoffunactivities,videos,andevensongs.Thesystemisalittlebitpricierthanotherapps,atabout$16permonthafteratrialmonthforroughly$1.FarFariaFarFariainviteschildrentojoininonamagicaladventurethatincludesislandhoppingandthechoicebetweenreadingthestoryorhavingitnarratedpletelywithfun,magicalanimation.Whilethefreemembershipoffersonestoryaday,paidsubscribersunlockaccesstounlimitedadventuresatroughly$8permonth.Readerscaneitherreadthebooksthemselvesortakeadvantageofthe“readtome”optiontohavestoriesreadaloudbyprofessionalnarrators.21.ForanannualsubscriptiontoABCmouse,howmuchdoesafamilyneedtopay?A.$54. B.$105. C.$126. D.$180.22.Whichappbestsuitschildrenwhoaretaughtathome?A.ABCmouse. B.Homer.C.HookedonPhonics. D.FarFaria.23.Whichsectionofnewspaperisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Finance. B.Science. C.Culture. D.Education.【答案】21.A22.C23.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個學習軟件：ABCmouse(開心鼠英語)，Homer(Homer學習軟件)，HookedonPhonics(美國自然拼讀)以及FarFaria(FarFaria學習軟件)，并對其各自特色和收費進行了詳細說明?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“ABCmouse”部分內(nèi)容“Thecostafterfreetrialisaround$15permonth.Familieswhopurchaseafullyear’ssubscriptioncangetabout70%offtheprice.(免費試用后的費用約為每月15美元。購買一整年訂閱的家庭可以幫你節(jié)省原價的70%。)”可知，費用為每月15美元，一年應是“15*12=180”，同時全年訂閱可以幫你節(jié)省原價的70%，即，按價格的3折計算，180*(170%)=54。故選A項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“HookedonPhonics”部分內(nèi)容“Itisoneofthemostpopularbrandsforteachingkidstoread,anditsintegratedsystemmakesitanidealoptionforhomeschoolingstudents.(它是教孩子閱讀的最受歡迎的品牌之一，它的集成系統(tǒng)使它成為在家上學的學生的理想選擇。)”可知，HookedonPhonics平臺是在家上學的學生的理想選擇。故選C項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。通過閱讀文章可知，“ABCmouse(開心鼠英語)”，“Homer(Homer學習軟件)”，“HookedonPhonics(美國自然拼讀)”以及“FarFaria(FarFaria學習軟件)”四個部分分別介紹了該平臺的教育信息和收費方式，由此可推知，該篇文章來自于報紙上的教育專欄。故選D項。BWhenParamJaggiwasfiveyearsold,hehadapassiontotakethingsaparttoseewhatwasinside.Hestartedwithtoysandevenbrokeaputer,whichmadehisparentsnottoopleased.Ashegotolder,heshiftedfrombreakingthingstobuildingthings,whichgreatlyfortedhisparents.Inmiddleschool.hestartedworkingonprojectsinhiskitchenlaboratory,andhisfirstprojectwasmakingbiofuels.AlthoughJaggi’sparentsinitiallythoughthisexperimentswerejust.aboyhoodfancy,heremaineddeterminedtomakeadifferencetotheenvironment.Eventually,hisparentscamearoundandstartedsupportinghisdreams.Jaggi’sinterestcontinuedashegrewup,buthefocusedmoreonsolvingrealproblems,especiallythoserelatedtotheenvironment.At17,Jaggiwentbeyondhisschoolprojectsand.cofoundedEcoviate,apanythatusestechnologytosolveeverydayenergyandenvironmentalproblems.Heplannedtotransformpeople’sideathatgoinggreenisexpensive,bymakingavailableaseriesofaffordableproductsthatareeasytouse.ThroughEcoviate,hedesignedproductsthatcouldcontributetoagreenerfuture.Oneofhisnotableinventionswasthe“CO2ube”,adevicethatcouldbeattachedtovehicletailpipestoreducecarbonemissions,andit’savailabletomanypeopleatlowprices.Healsocreatedasmartwatchthatchangedbodyheatintoenergy,whichcanbeusedtopowerupthewatchaswellasmobilephones.YoungJaggi,nowathirdgradecollegestudentstudyingengineeringandeconomics,hasbeeafamousecoinnovatorandhispanyisdevelopingpromisingly.However,Jaggi’svisiontosavetheenvironmentgoesbeyondcreatingproducts.HeplanstolaunchanonlineplatformthroughEcoviate,whichwillencourageyoungstudentsinterestedinscienceandtechnologytogetactivelyinvolvedininnovationandinvention.Studentscansubmitascienceprojectonline,andtalkaboutthehelpthattheyneedtomaketheprojectareality.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJaggi?A.Hewascuriousbynature. B.Hedreamedtobeanengineer.C.Healwaysannoyedhisparents. D.Hewasaddictedtoplayingtoys.25.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedpart“camearound”inParagraph2?A.Wonout. B.Changedtheirminds.C.Walkedaround. D.Paidavisit.26.WhatdroveJaggitodevelopaffordableanduserfriendlyproducts?A.Hisloveforgreenerdevices. B.Hispursuitofacademiccareer.C.Hisdesiretomakeadifference. D.Hishopetoboostgreenindustry.27.WhydoesJaggieplantolaunchanonlineplatform?A.Topromotesmartproducts. B.Toempoweryounginventors.C.Toprovideecothemedcourses. D.Toofferenvironmentalistsfunds.【答案】24.A25.B26.C27.B【解析】【導語】本文是記敘文。它講述了ParamJaggi從小對拆解事物的熱愛，到后來轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閯?chuàng)造事物，特別是關(guān)注環(huán)境問題的解決?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenParamJaggiwasfiveyearsold,hehadapassiontotakethingsaparttoseewhatwasinside.Hestartedwithtoysandevenbrokeaputer,whichmadehisparentsnottoopleased.(當帕拉姆·賈吉五歲的時候，他就熱衷于拆卸東西看看里面是什么。他從玩具開始，甚至弄壞了一臺電腦，這讓他的父母很不高興)”可知，帕拉姆·賈吉從小熱衷于拆卸東西看看里面是什么，所以推知他生性好奇。故選A項?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“AlthoughJaggi’sparentsinitiallythoughthisexperimentswerejust.aboyhoodfancy,heremaineddeterminedtomakeadifferencetotheenvironment.(盡管賈吉的父母最初認為他的實驗只是男孩子的一時興起，但他仍然堅定地想要為環(huán)境做出改變)”以及后文“startedsupportinghisdreams(開始支持他的夢想)”可知，起初，賈吉的父母認為他的實驗只是男孩子的一時興起，后面開始支持他，所以是父母的改變了主意，推知camearound意為“改變主意”，和B項意思相近。故選B項?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Jaggi’sinterestcontinuedashegrewup,buthefocusedmoreonsolvingrealproblems,especiallythoserelatedtotheenvironment.(賈吉的興趣隨著年齡的增長而持續(xù)，但他更加專注于解決現(xiàn)實問題，尤其是與環(huán)境相關(guān)的問題)”以及第三段“At17,Jaggiwentbeyondhisschoolprojectsand.cofoundedEcoviate,apanythatusestechnologytosolveeverydayenergyandenvironmentalproblems.Heplannedtotransformpeople’sideathatgoinggreenisexpensive,bymakingavailableaseriesofaffordableproductsthatareeasytouse.ThroughEcoviate,hedesignedproductsthatcouldcontributetoagreenerfuture.(17歲時，賈吉超越了學校項目的范疇，與他人共同創(chuàng)立了Ecoviate公司，該公司利用技術(shù)解決日常的能源和環(huán)境問題。他計劃通過提供一系列易用且價格實惠的產(chǎn)品來改變?nèi)藗冋J為環(huán)保成本高昂的觀念。通過Ecoviate，他設(shè)計了一些有助于創(chuàng)造更綠色未來的產(chǎn)品)”可知，賈吉決心為環(huán)境做出改變，他認為綠色是昂貴的觀念需要改變，因此他計劃推出一系列價格實惠、易于使用的產(chǎn)品。這表明他開發(fā)這些產(chǎn)品的驅(qū)動力是他想要為環(huán)境和社會做出改變，即他的渴望有所不同。故選C項?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“YoungJaggi,nowathirdgradecollegestudentstudyingengineeringandeconomics,hasbeeafamousecoinnovatorandhispanyisdevelopingpromisingly.However,Jaggi’svisiontosavetheenvironmentgoesbeyondcreatingproducts.HeplanstolaunchanonlineplatformthroughEcoviate,whichwillencourageyoungstudentsinterestedinscienceandtechnologytogetactivelyinvolvedininnovationandinvention.Studentscansubmitascienceprojectonline,andtalkaboutthehelpthattheyneedtomaketheprojectareality.(年輕的賈吉現(xiàn)在是一名學習工程和經(jīng)濟學的三年級大學生，他已經(jīng)成為了一位著名的生態(tài)創(chuàng)新者，他的公司發(fā)展前景看好。然而，賈吉拯救環(huán)境的愿景不僅僅局限于創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)品。他計劃通過Ecoviate推出一個在線平臺，鼓勵對科學和技術(shù)感興趣的年輕學生積極參與創(chuàng)新和發(fā)明。學生可以在線提交科學項目，并談論他們需要幫助才能使項目成為現(xiàn)實的相關(guān)事宜)”可知，賈吉計劃通過Ecoviate推出一個在線平臺，鼓勵對科學和技術(shù)感興趣的年輕學生積極參與創(chuàng)新和發(fā)明。因此，賈吉計劃推出在線平臺的目的是為了賦能年輕的發(fā)明家，讓他們有更多的機會去創(chuàng)新和發(fā)明。故選B項。CPeoplehaveetounderstandtheenormousimpactsbeneficialaswellasharmfulplasticshaveonhumanlivesandtheenvironment.Aspolymer(聚合物)scientistsmittedtoinventingsustainablesolutionsforrealworldproblems,wesetouttotackletheissueofplasticwastebyrethinkingthewaypolymersaredesignedsowecouldmakeplasticswithrecyclabilitybuiltrightin.Everydayitemsincludingmilkjug,grocerybags,andtakeoutcontainersaremadefromaclassofpolymerscalledpolyolefins.Theseplasticsarereallydurable(耐用的)becausethechemicalbondsinthosepolymersareextremelystable.Inaworldsetupfordisposable(一次性的)items,durabilityisnolongeradesignfeaturebutratheradesigndrawback.Imagineifhalftheplasticsusedtodaywererecyclablethroughtwiceasmanyprocessesastheyarenow.Alsoconventionalrecyclingrequirescarefulsortingofallthecollectedmaterials,whichcanbechallengingwithsomanydifferentplastics.Forexample,separatingpaperfrommetaldoesn’trequireplextechnology,butsortingacontainerfromamilkjugofadifferentpolyolefinisdifficulttodowithouttheoccasionalmistake.InastudypublishedinScienceinOctober2023,wedescribedaseriesofpolymerswithonlytwobuildingblocksonesoftpolymerandonehardpolymerthatbehavelikepolyolefinsbutcouldbechemicallyrecycled.Connectingtwodifferentpolymersmultipletimesuntiltheyformasingle,longmolecule(分子)createswhat’scalledamultiblockpolymer.Bychanginghowmuchofeachpolymertypegoesintothemultiblockpolymer,ourteamproducedawiderangeofmaterialswithpropertiesthatcoveredallpolyolefintypes.Usingthesamestrategybutbyaddinghydrogen,wecoulddisconnectthepolymersbackintotheirbuildingblocksandeasilyseparatethemtouseagain.Whenwemadenewpolymersoutoftheserecycledplastics,theyperformedjustaswellastheoriginalmaterialsevenafterseveralroundsofchemicalrecycling.Sowewereabletocreatematerialswithsimilarpropertiesoftheplasticstheworldrelieson.Webelievethisworkisasteptowardmoresustainableplastics.28.Whatisparagraph2mainlyaboutconcerningplastics?A.Theirmultipleuses. B.Theirchemicalproperties.C.Theirrecyclingchallenges. D.Theirclassificationcriteria.29.Akeyfactorofproducingdiversemultiblockpolymersis______.A.mixingbuildingblockswithlongmoleculesB.integratingchemicalsintothetwopolymersC.biningtwodifferentmultiblockpolymersD.adjustingthepercentageofthetwopolymers30.Whichisafeatureofmultiblockpolymers?A.Theyaremadefromsustainablematerials.B.Theycanberecycledbyaddinghydrogen.C.Theirreliabilityoutperformstraditionalplastics.D.Theirpropertieschangewithroundsofrecycling.31.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitle?A.DesigningforRecycling B.ClassifyingPlasticWasteC.ReplacePlasticswithPolymers D.TechnologyCreatestheFuture【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了聚合物科學家如何致力于解決塑料廢物問題，通過重新設(shè)計聚合物的結(jié)構(gòu)以實現(xiàn)其可回收性?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ Inaworldsetupfordisposable(一次性的)items,durabilityisnolongeradesignfeaturebutratheradesigndrawback.Imagineifhalftheplasticsusedtodaywererecyclablethroughtwiceasmanyprocessesastheyarenow.Alsoconventionalrecyclingrequirescarefulsortingofallthecollectedmaterials,whichcanbechallengingwithsomanydifferentplastics.Forexample,separatingpaperfrommetaldoesn’trequireplextechnology,butsortingacontainerfromamilkjugofadifferentpolyolefinisdifficulttodowithouttheoccasionalmistake.(在一次性物品的世界中，耐用性不再是一個設(shè)計特征，而是一個設(shè)計缺陷。想象一下，如果今天使用的一半塑料可以通過兩倍于現(xiàn)在的過程進行回收。此外，傳統(tǒng)的回收需要對所有收集到的材料進行仔細的分類，這對于這么多不同的塑料來說是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。例如，將紙和金屬分開并不需要復雜的技術(shù)，但將一個容器和一個牛奶罐中不同的聚烯烴進行分類卻很難做到?jīng)]有偶爾的錯誤。)”可知，文章第二段主要講述的是關(guān)于塑料回收的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“InastudypublishedinScienceinOctober2023,wedescribedaseriesofpolymerswithonlytwobuildingblocksonesoftpolymerandonehardpolymerthatbehavelikepolyolefinsbutcouldbechemicallyrecycled.Connectingtwodifferentpolymersmultipletimesuntiltheyformasingle,longmolecule(分子)createswhat’scalledamultiblockpolymer.Bychanginghowmuchofeachpolymertypegoesintothemultiblockpolymer,ourteamproducedawiderangeofmaterialswithpropertiesthatcoveredallpolyolefintypes.(在2023年10月發(fā)表在《科學》雜志上的一項研究中，我們描述了一系列聚合物，它們只有兩種基本成分——一種軟聚合物和一種硬聚合物——它們的行為像聚烯烴，但可以化學回收。將兩種不同的聚合物多次連接，直到它們形成一個單一的長分子，就形成了所謂的多嵌段聚合物。通過改變多嵌段聚合物中每種聚合物的含量，我們的團隊生產(chǎn)出了各種各樣的材料，其性能涵蓋了所有類型的聚烯烴。)”可知，生產(chǎn)多種多嵌段聚合物的關(guān)鍵因素是調(diào)整兩種聚合物的含量。故選D?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Usingthesamestrategybutbyaddinghydrogen,wecoulddisconnectthepolymersbackintotheirbuildingblocksandeasilyseparatethemtouseagain.Whenwemadenewpolymersoutoftheserecycledplastics,theyperformedjustaswellastheoriginalmaterialsevenafterseveralroundsofchemicalrecycling.(使用相同的策略，但通過添加氫，我們可以將聚合物分離回它們的組成部分，并輕松地將它們分離出來再次使用。當我們用這些回收塑料制成新的聚合物時，即使經(jīng)過幾輪化學回收，它們的性能也和原始材料一樣好。)”可知，多嵌段聚合物可以通過添加氫的方式被分離出來再次使用。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Peoplehaveetounderstandtheenormousimpactsbeneficialaswellasharmfulplasticshaveonhumanlivesandtheenvironment.Aspolymer(聚臺物)scientistsmittedtoinventingsustainablesolutionsforrealworldproblems,wesetouttotackletheissueofplasticwastebyrethinkingthewaypolymersaredesignedsowecouldmakeplasticswithrecyclabilitybuiltrightin.(人們已經(jīng)開始了解塑料對人類生活和環(huán)境的巨大影響，既有有益的，也有有害的。聚合物科學家致力于為現(xiàn)實世界的問題發(fā)明可持續(xù)的解決方案，我們開始通過重新思考聚合物的設(shè)計方式來解決塑料垃圾問題，這樣我們就可以制造出具有可回收性的塑料。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了聚合物科學家如何通過重新設(shè)計聚合物的結(jié)構(gòu)來解決塑料廢物問題，以實現(xiàn)其可回收性。文章強調(diào)了設(shè)計的重要性，并介紹了如何通過特殊的化學方法制造和回收一種新型的多嵌段聚合物。因此，最能概括文章主題的標題應該是強調(diào)“設(shè)計”和“回收”這兩個關(guān)鍵詞的。故選A。DAlotofmanufacturedglasstodaymadefromsandandsodiumcarbonate(碳酸鈉)canbereusedormelteddownandrecycledintonewitems,butitdoesn’tbreakdownintheenvironmentandwillsitinlandfillsforthousandsofyears.AteamofChinesescientistsaimedtodealwiththisenvironmentalconcernbydevelopinganecoconsciousalternative.InastudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalScienceAdvances,ateamattheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofProcessEngineeringdescribehowtheyengineeredbiodegradableglassmadefromaminoacids(氨基酸).Thatglasswouldhaveasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandcanbreakdowninafewweeksorinseveralmonths.Inatest,glassbeads(珠)madeoutofaminoacidswereplacedundertheskinofmice,andthebreakdownofthebeadsandtheskinhealingprocesswereobservedfor30days.Adiagramfromthestudyshowshowthemice’sbodiesbrokedownthebeads.Inthatmonth,theglassimplantdegradedbeneaththeskin,thewoundsitehealed,andfurgrewback.“Throughouttheexperimentalperiod,nomiceexhibitedanypainrelatedbehaviorthatmayhavebeencausedbytheglassimplantation,andnoneofthemexperiencedobviousweightloss,”theresearcherswroteintheirpaper.Althoughaminoacidsdodegradeovertimeintheenvironment,thisbiodegradableglassisnotasdurableastraditionalglass,becauseaminoacidscanbreakdownquicklyinheat.Inordertooverethishurdle,theresearcherschemicallymodifiedtheaminoacidsusingtheheatingcoolingprocedureappliedinglassmanufacturing.Thisiswhenmaterialsfortheglassareheatedtobeesoftandthenrapidlycooledsoastomaketheglasstougher.“It’simportanttopointoutthatthisbiodegradableglassiscurrentlyinthelabstage,andfarfromlargescalemercialization,”emphasizedYanXuehai,aprofessorinvolvedinthestudy,inapressrelease.32.Whatisanadvantageofthenewglass?A.Itcanberecycledatalowcost. B.Itisproducedwithoutpollution.C.Ittakeslesstimeto.breakdown. D.Ithasawiderangeofapplications.33.Whydidresearchersimplantglassbeadsinsidemice?A.Toassesswhethertheglassisbiologicallyharmless.B.Toinvestigatewhyaminoacidsaremedicallyuseful.C.Toexplorehowlongittakesfortheglasstodegrade.D.Toobserveiftheglasscanbemeltdowninmice’sstomach.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hurdle”inparagraph4referto?A.Theinstabilityofaminoacids.B.Thedifficultyofselectingmaterialsfortheglass.C.Environmentalproblemscausedbytraditionalglass.D.Thechallengeofimprovingtheheatingcoolingprocedure.35.WhatistheattitudeofYanXuehaitowardsthenewglass’slaunchonthemarket?A.Optimistic. B.Critical. C.Indifferent. D.Uncertain.【答案】32.C33.A34.A35.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國科學院的專家團隊利用氨基酸研制出一種可降解的環(huán)保玻璃?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Alotofmanufacturedglasstodaymadefromsandandsodiumcarbonate(碳酸鈉)canbereusedormelteddownandrecycledintonewitems,butitdoesn’tbreakdownintheenvironmentandwillsitinlandfillsforthousandsofyears.(今天，許多由沙子和碳酸鈉制成的人造玻璃可以重復使用或熔化并回收成新的物品，但它不會在環(huán)境中分解，并將在垃圾填埋場中存放數(shù)千年)”和第二段中“Thatglasswouldhaveasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandcanbreakdowninafewweeksorinseveralmonths.(這種（新）玻璃對環(huán)境的影響較小，可以在幾周或幾個月內(nèi)分解)”可知，新型玻璃的優(yōu)點是它需要更少的時間來分解。故選C項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Throughouttheexperimentalperiod,nomiceexhibitedanypainrelatedbehaviorthatmayhavebeencausedbytheglassimplantation,andnoneofthemexperiencedobviousweightloss(在整個實驗期間，沒有小鼠表現(xiàn)出任何可能由玻璃植入引起的疼痛相關(guān)行為，也沒有小鼠出現(xiàn)明顯的體重減輕)”可知，研究人員要在老鼠體內(nèi)植入玻璃珠是為了評估玻璃在生物學上是否無害。故選A項?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“Althoughaminoacidsdodegradeovertimeintheenvironment,thisbiodegradableglassisnotasdurableastraditionalglass,becauseaminoacidscanbreakdownquicklyinheat.Inordertooverethishurdle,theresearcherschemicallymodifiedtheaminoacidsusingtheheatingcoolingprocedureappliedinglassmanufacturing.(盡管氨基酸在環(huán)境中會隨著時間的推移而降解，但這種可生物降解的玻璃不如傳統(tǒng)玻璃耐用，因為氨基酸在高溫下會迅速分解。為了克服這一hurdle，研究人員使用玻璃制造中應用的加熱冷卻程序?qū)Π被徇M行了化學改性)”可知，這種氨基酸玻璃確實可以隨著時間的推移而降解，但是它卻不如傳統(tǒng)的玻璃那樣經(jīng)久耐用，因為氨基酸在加熱下會迅速分解。由此可推知，下文中的“hurdle”指的是氨基酸的不穩(wěn)定性，是研究者要克服的障礙。故選A項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段中YanXuehai說的話“It’simportanttopointoutthatthisbiodegradableglassiscurrentlyinthelabstage,andfarfromlargescalemercialization(需要指出的是，這種可生物降解的玻璃目前正處于實驗室階段，遠未大規(guī)模商業(yè)化)”可知，這種可降解玻璃目前仍在實驗室階段，還遠遠不能大規(guī)模商業(yè)化生產(chǎn)，所以YanXuehai態(tài)度是不確定的。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。DiscoveringYourTrueSelfIsVitaltoHappiness!Haveyoufoundfocusingonyourselfisatthebottomofthetodolist,becauseyoufeeleveryoneelseinyourlifeesfirst?___