統(tǒng)考版2025屆高考英語一輪復習限時提分練二十一必修⑤Unit1Greatscientists含解析

PAGE限時提分練(二十一)必修⑤Unit1GreatscientistsⅠ.閱讀理解A[2024·太原市高三年級模擬試題]TheChineseDoctorWhoBeatthePlague(鼠疫)Inthewinterof1910,Dr.WuLien-tehsteppedoffatraininthenorthernChinesecityofHarbin.Hewastheretosolveamedicalmystery,atgreatpersonalrisk.Overthepastfewmonths,anunknowndiseasehadsweptalongtherailwaysofnortheastChina,killing99.9%ofitsvictims.TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridge-educatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic(流行病)．WhenDr.WuarrivedinHarbinonDecember24,1910,hecarriedlittleinthewayofmedicalinstrumentsandhadonlyoneassistant.OneofWu'sfirstactsuponarrivalwastosetupspecialquarantine(隔離)unitsandtoorderlockdownstostopinfectedpersonsfromtravelingandspreadingthedisease.Hehadteamscheckhouseholdsforpossiblecases,andevenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911.OfparticularconcernwastheupcomingChineseNewYearholiday,whichhadbecomeagreatannualmigrationofpeopletravelingacrossthecountrytoseetheirfamilies.ThankstoDr.Wu'sefforts,thenumberofplaguevictimsbegantodecrease,andbyMarch1,1911,theepidemicwasfullycontained.Theplagueoutbreakof1910－1911lastednearlyfourmonths,affectedfiveprovincesandsixmajorcities,andaccountedforover60,000deaths.ItisclearthatwithoutthebraveanddecisiveactionstakenbyDr.Wuitcouldhavebeenmuchworse.Hadtheepidemicgoneunchecked,allowingholidayrailpassengerstospreadthediseasetotherestofChinacouldhavemeantacatastrophiclossoflifeandpossiblyaglobalhealthcrisis.InApril1911,Dr.WuchairedanInternationalPlagueConferenceinShenyang,attendedbyscientistsfrom11countriesincludingtheUnitedStates,JapanandFrance.TheypraisedDr.Wuforhishandlingofthe1910－1911outbreak.Foratime,Dr.Wuwastheworld'smostfamousplaguefighter,atitlehedefendedinfightingcholerainChinain1919,andareturnofplaguein1921.1．WhatwasDr.Wu'smissionin1910?A．Totakepersonalrisks.B．Toendanepidemic.C．Toprovidemedicaleducation.D．Toinvestigatethenumberofvictims.2．WhichofDr.Wu'sactsstoppedthediseasefromspreadingnationwide?A．Settingupspecialquarantineunits.B．Carryingmedicalinstrumentswithhim.C．Checkinghouseholdsforpossiblecases.D．Convincingauthoritiestoclosetherailways.3．Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A．ThediseaseworsenedafterMarch1,1911.B．60,000peoplewouldhavediedwithoutDr.Wu'sefforts.C．Theworldwassavedfromamajorepidemicin1911.D．Aglobalhealthcrisisfollowedthe1910－1911outbreak.4．WhatcanweknowaboutDr.Wufromthelastparagraph?A．Hecontinuedtofightepidemicsafter1911.B．Hewasinfectedwithcholerain1919.C．Hetraveledworldwidehostingconferences.D．Heclaimedtheplaguewouldneverhappenagain.B[2024·開封市高三第一次模擬]AndrewGreydoesn'tfitmostpeople'sideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop,notinalaboruniversity,yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA'sKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies,onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience,butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.“Thisisacollaborative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin，”saysChrisLintott,anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist(天體物理學家)andco-founderofZooniverse,aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield,fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved,therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject，”Lintottsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages,graphs,orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans,particularlyamateurscientists,don'tstayfocusedonwhatthey'resupposedto.Andthat'sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcitizensciencedoesn'thavetobedirectedbyascientist，”saysSheilaJasanoff,directoroftheProgramonScience,TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthemcanalsobecitizenscientists，”shesays.That'swhathappenedinFlint,Michigan,whenalocalmotherstarteddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizen-poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized,regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels,scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself,Lintottsays,“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent,butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”5．Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?A．Thehighlevelofscienceprojects.B．Thedevelopmentoftechnology.C．Thesupportofthegovernment.D．ThefoundationofZooniverse.6．Whatisanadvantageofhumansinpatternrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?A．Humanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.B．Humansfocustheirattentionondata.C．Humanscanobserveuncommonthings.D．Humanshavestrongeremotions.7．WhatisLintott'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Favorable. B．Cautious.C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．CitizenScientistsCanBeIntelligentB．ScienceIsImportanttoEveryoneC．AnyoneCanBeaScientistD．ScienceIsEverywhereⅡ.完形填空[2024·太原市高三年級模擬試題]WhenpeoplefindoutthatmysonSamisacompetitivemathlete,theyusuallyaskifmyhusbandandIare“mathpersons”.Theansweris“Definitelynot”．Ninthgradewas__1__forSam.Toprepareforacompetition,hetook__2__practicetests,whichweresometimesas__3__asthreehours.Intheend,hedidn'tdoaswellashe'dhopedandwas__4__byamathcamphe'dappliedto.Hewanderedintomyofficeonedaylastspring,murmuring.“Ijustfeellikethewholeyearhasbeena__5__.”Igetit.Howmanydays—weeks,months—haveI“wasted”writingthe__6__sceneoverandoveragain?Writinganovelsometimesfeelsliketwostepsforward,onestepback.__7__wheneverIfeellikethat,Itryto__8__myselfthatnomatterwhathappenswithmybook,I've__9__thetimeI'vespentworkingonit.ThedelightIfindinwritingis__10__forme.“Nothing'severwasted.Youmaynothavegottenthe__11__youwanted,butasyoutrytosolvethe__12__problems,youaremakingprogresswitheacheffortyoumake.”Heshrugged(聳肩).“Ifeellikeeveryoneelsedidbetterthanme.”Samwastalkingaboutthe__13__boards,wheremathkidscometogethertoshareresourcesand,moreoftenthannot,__14__theirwins.“Iknowitfeelsthatway,butitisn'ttrue.Youknowpeople__15__theirsuccessesfarmorethantheir__16__，”Isaid,asmuchtomyselfastoSam.JustlikeSam,Ican'tcontrolthe__17__，andIcanonlycontrolmyinput.Todevotetimetosomethingwithno__18__ofitssuccessisriskyand__19__.But,thenagain,soiseverything.Andyoudon'tneedtobea(n)__20__persontoknowthat.1．A.simple B．toughC．peaceful D．exciting2．A.few B．casualC．multiple D．easy3．A.far B．longC．deep D．straight4．A.accepted B．praisedC．replied D．rejected5．A.waste B．vacationC．pleasure D．trouble6．A.same B．vividC．brief D．literary7．A.So B．AndC．But D．Because8．A.help B．convinceC．improve D．answer9．A.offered B．killedC．saved D．enjoyed10．A.limited B．popularC．obvious D．enough11．A.exam B．adviceC．course D．result12．A.challenging B．urgentC．historical D．imaginary13．A.message B．chessC．drawing D．safety14．A.escapefrom B．thinkaboutC．showoff D．competein15．A.ban B．postC．doubt D．receive16．A.methods B．intentionsC．struggles D．reasons17．A.solution B．outcomeC．custom D．fortune18．A.courage B．accidentC．chance D．guarantee19．A.terrifying B．instructiveC．personal D．ridiculous20．A.art B．adultC．math D．business

限時提分練(二十一)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與社會——衛(wèi)生與健康——中國醫(yī)生伍連德限制住了鼠疫【語篇解讀】1910年的冬天一種死亡率極高的流行病席卷中國東北，在劍橋受過教化的伍連德醫(yī)生被派去阻擋這種流行病，他到達目的地后，實行了諸如設立特地的隔離病區(qū)、對感染者實行活動限制之類的有效措施，由于伍連德醫(yī)生的努力，鼠疫最終被完全限制。1．答案與解析：B考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據第一段尾句“TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridge-educatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic(流行病)”可知，清朝政府派遣在劍橋受過教化的伍醫(yī)生北上，以阻擋這種流行病。故B項正確。2．答案與解析：D考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據題干關鍵詞“spreadingnationwide”定位至其次段最終兩句中的“evenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911...toseetheirfamilies”和第三段最終一句可知，他勸服當局在春節(jié)前徹底關閉鐵路，防止人口通過鐵路流淌，從而阻擋了鼠疫在全國流行，故D項正確。3．答案與解析：C考查推理推斷。依據第三段尾句可知，假如疫情沒有得到限制，允許假期乘坐火車的旅客將疾病傳播到中國其他地方，可能意味著災難性的生命損失，并可能引發(fā)全球健康危機。據此可以推斷，鼠疫在1911年得到完全限制，有效阻擋了其向世界傳播，故C項正確。4．答案與解析：A考查推理推斷。依據本文尾句可知，那時伍醫(yī)生是世界上最聞名的抗擊鼠疫的人，他在抗擊1919年中國的霍亂和1921年卷土重來的鼠疫中捍衛(wèi)了這一稱號。據此可推知，在1911年之后，他接著卓有成效地抗擊流行病，故A項正確。B語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——人與科學——公民科學家【語篇解讀】數個世紀以來，只有少數一般人為科學作出了貢獻，但科技的進步已經為科學帶來了更高水平的民主化，科學是任何人都能參與的，每個人都有可能成為科學家。5．答案與解析：B考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據其次段中的“onlyafewordinarypeople...toscience”可知，科技的進步為科學帶來了更高水平的民主化，從而使更多的一般人也能參與科學探討，促成了公民科學家的出現，故選B。6．答案與解析：C考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據第四段最終一句“Andthat'sgood,becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset”可知，在模式識別方面，人類與機器相比，人類的優(yōu)勢在于其能夠留意到一些不尋常的東西，故C項正確。7．答案與解析：A考查觀點看法。依據第三段Lintott表述的科學人人都能參與，第四段他表述的公民科學家有自身的優(yōu)勢和尾段中他說的話“‘Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent,butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp’”可推知，Lintott支持公民科學，故選A。8．答案與解析：C考查主旨大意。文章第一段以表述澳大利亞汽車修理工AndrewGrey成為公民科學家來引入話題，接著又講到天體物理學家ChrisLintott和SheilaJasanoff對于公民科學的看法，并結合倒數其次段中的“scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople”可知，本文主要確定了公民科學家，表達了任何人都可能成為科學家的觀點，故C項最適合作文章標題。Ⅱ.完形填空語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與自我——主動的生活看法——努力的過程就是進步的過程【語篇解讀】作者的兒子為打算一個競賽而參與了各種訓練測試，但并沒有獲得自己想要的結果，最終被數學營拒絕了，他為此向作者發(fā)牢騷。作者依據自己寫書的經驗，告知兒子，他所作的每一次努力都是在進步，雖然他人總是將成功展示出來，但是背后他們也付出了許多努力。1．答案與解析：B依據該段最終一句中的“Intheend,hedidn'tdoaswellashe'dhoped”和語境可知，九年級對Sam來說特別艱難。故選B。2．答案與解析：C依據本句中的“Toprepareforacompetition”和語境可知，為了打算一個競賽，Sam參與了多種練習測試。multiple“多種的”符合語境，故選C。3．答案與解析：B依據本句中的“threehours”和常識可知，這些測試的時間有時長達三個小時，故選B。4．答案與解析：D依據第三段中的“wanderedintomyoffice”和“murmuring”以及下文作者勸慰他可知，Sam最終被數學營拒絕了，因此他到作者的辦公室里發(fā)牢騷，故選D。5．答案與解析：A依據第6空前的“wasted”和下文中的“Nothing'severwasted”可知，Sam感覺自己一整年的時間都被奢侈了，故選A。6．答案與解析：A依據本句中的“overandoveragain”和下文中的“Writinganovelsometimesfeelsliketwostepsforward，onestepback”可知，這里作者是在反問自己，反復地寫同一個場景是不是也在奢侈時間，故選A。vivid“生動的，逼真的”；literary“文學的”。7．答案與解析：C依據下文中的“ThedelightIfindinwriting”和語境可知，作者看待自己的寫作和Sam看待他的數學營結果的方式不同，此處表轉折，故選C。8．答案與解析：B依據第10空前的“ThedelightIfindinwriting”和第五段第一句“‘Nothing'severwasted’”可知，作者努力讓自己確信，無論她寫的書會有一個什么樣的結果，她都已享受(enjoyed)寫書所度過的那段時間。從寫作中發(fā)覺的歡樂對她來說已經足夠(enough)了。convince“使確信，使信任，使信服”符合語境，故選B。9．答案與解析：D參見上題解析。10．答案與解