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中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展報(bào)告(2022)目 錄一、2021年國(guó)內(nèi)外天然氣發(fā)展形勢(shì) 1(一)世界天然氣發(fā)展 1(二)中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展 3二、2022年中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展面臨的新形勢(shì)、新要求 6(一)外部環(huán)境不確定性增加,能源安全面臨新挑戰(zhàn) 6(二)能源強(qiáng)國(guó)對(duì)天然氣行業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展提出新要求 6(三)全國(guó)統(tǒng)一能源市場(chǎng)建設(shè)提出天然氣行業(yè)發(fā)展新任務(wù)… 7三、2022年天然氣產(chǎn)供儲(chǔ)銷(xiāo)體系建設(shè)重點(diǎn)方向 8(一)力… 8(二)統(tǒng)籌謀劃適度先行,推動(dòng)天然氣基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資建設(shè)… 8(三)有為政府和有效市場(chǎng)相結(jié)合,積極應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外能源格局深刻調(diào)整 9(四)堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新發(fā)展,塑造行業(yè)發(fā)展新優(yōu)勢(shì) 10四、2022年中國(guó)天然氣市場(chǎng)展望 11結(jié)束語(yǔ) 132021—2022年中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展大事記 14中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展報(bào)告(2022)中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展報(bào)告(2022)ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022) ··PAGE1···PAGE10·一、2021年國(guó)內(nèi)外天然氣發(fā)展形勢(shì)A(一)世界天然氣發(fā)展天然氣消費(fèi)快速反彈并超過(guò)新冠疫情前水平2021年,世界天然氣消費(fèi)量4.0萬(wàn)億立方米,同比增速-1.65.3%20193.4%。北美地區(qū)全年天然氣消費(fèi)量1.03萬(wàn)億立方米,與上年持穩(wěn)。其中,美國(guó)消費(fèi)量8267億立方米,同比下降0.4%,主要是由于發(fā)電用氣下降、工業(yè)用氣疲軟。歐洲消費(fèi)量57115.7%20193.0%,居民商業(yè)和發(fā)電用氣恢復(fù)性增長(zhǎng)是主要?jiǎng)右?。亞太地區(qū)全年消費(fèi)量91836.2%,貢獻(xiàn)全球天然氣消費(fèi)增長(zhǎng)的26.8%。其中,12.5%9.0%3.1%2.6%;日本用氣需求較為低迷,同比下降0.2%。天然氣勘探開(kāi)發(fā)投資回升,但仍低于近十年平均水平2021年,受需求增長(zhǎng)和價(jià)格上漲雙重驅(qū)動(dòng),世界天然氣4.017544.8%。其中,北美、俄羅斯-中亞、中東地區(qū)產(chǎn)量位居前三,分別11358億立方米、89607149A本部分世界天然氣儲(chǔ)量、生產(chǎn)、消費(fèi)和貿(mào)易的數(shù)據(jù)主要來(lái)源于《BP液化能力和項(xiàng)目、勘探開(kāi)發(fā)投資數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源于埃信華邁(IHS);中國(guó)天然氣儲(chǔ)量數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源于自然資源部《全國(guó)油氣礦產(chǎn)儲(chǔ)量通報(bào)(2021)》,中國(guó)天然氣產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源于國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局,消費(fèi)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源于行業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì),進(jìn)出口數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源于國(guó)家海關(guān)總署。2.4%、10.94.2%。2021年全球新增儲(chǔ)量1.04億立方米,世界天然氣剩余可采儲(chǔ)量192萬(wàn)億立方米。據(jù)IHS,20213470202045015%,但遠(yuǎn)低于近十年平均水平(4800)。世界天然氣貿(mào)易量出現(xiàn)下降,全球新投產(chǎn)液化產(chǎn)能低速增長(zhǎng)202112206億立方米,同比減少2.3%70446.8%,占天然57.7%。液化天然氣(LNG)51625.6%。LNG3年內(nèi)短期合約貿(mào)易1693LNG32.8%。2021已投產(chǎn)液化設(shè)施產(chǎn)能465/754/同比增速由上年的5.8%1.6%,液化設(shè)施負(fù)荷率達(dá)到80%,同比上升2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。天然氣價(jià)格大幅攀升且全球聯(lián)動(dòng)性增強(qiáng)歐洲天然氣需求快速恢復(fù),區(qū)內(nèi)氣田明顯減產(chǎn),管道氣LNG進(jìn)口量下降,全年供需緊張。尤其是下半年,新能源荷蘭產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓設(shè)施(TTF)天然氣現(xiàn)貨價(jià)格一度達(dá)到60.28/百萬(wàn)英熱單位的歷史高點(diǎn),年均價(jià)格15.9/熱單位,同比上漲398%。受歐洲高氣價(jià)驅(qū)動(dòng),亞洲至歐洲LNG跨區(qū)套利貿(mào)易大幅增長(zhǎng),亞洲與歐洲現(xiàn)貨價(jià)格聯(lián)動(dòng)明顯增強(qiáng),年內(nèi)均呈現(xiàn)前低后高走勢(shì),年內(nèi)LNG現(xiàn)貨報(bào)價(jià)最高達(dá)46.45/14.5/英熱單位,同比上漲279%。長(zhǎng)協(xié)價(jià)格主要受油價(jià)影響,全年LNG10.7/百萬(wàn)英熱單位,同比上51%。美國(guó)由于LNG出口強(qiáng)勁,原料氣需求大幅增加,天然氣供需基本面持續(xù)緊張。美國(guó)亨利中心(HH)天然氣現(xiàn)貨3.9/93%。(二)中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展天然氣消費(fèi)快速增長(zhǎng),在一次能源結(jié)構(gòu)中占比穩(wěn)步提升2021年,中國(guó)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)“十四五”良好開(kāi)局,全國(guó)天然氣消費(fèi)量3690410億立方米,同比增12.5%。2021年中國(guó)天然氣占一次能源消費(fèi)總量的比例升8.9%,較上年提升0.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。從消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)看,工業(yè)用氣同比增長(zhǎng)14.4%,占天然氣消費(fèi)總量的40%;發(fā)電用氣同13.4%18%;城市燃?xì)馔仍鲩L(zhǎng)10.5%,占比%;化工化肥用氣同比增長(zhǎng),占比10%江蘇、四川、山東和河北消費(fèi)量位居前五,廣東和江蘇消費(fèi)30025.5%2.2%;四川、山東和河北消費(fèi)量均超200億立方米??碧介_(kāi)發(fā)持續(xù)發(fā)力,新增儲(chǔ)量產(chǎn)量再創(chuàng)新高2021年,全國(guó)天然氣新增探明地質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量16284億立方米。其中,常規(guī)氣(含致密氣)、頁(yè)巖氣、煤層氣新增探明地質(zhì)80517454779202120767.8%,連續(xù)五年增產(chǎn)超100億立方米。天然氣進(jìn)口穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng),管道氣進(jìn)口增速超過(guò)LNG2021168019.9%。其中,澳大利亞、土庫(kù)曼斯坦、俄羅斯、美國(guó)、卡塔爾及馬來(lái)西亞六個(gè)國(guó)家的進(jìn)口量合計(jì)129077%。管道氣進(jìn)口量59122.9%。LNG108918.3%。澳大利亞是中國(guó)最大的LNG43039.4%,同比7.7LNG12411.4%,191.1%。天然氣基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)加快推進(jìn),儲(chǔ)氣能力快速提升202111.6LNG外輸管線等建成投產(chǎn),西氣東輸三線中段、永清—上海管道全面開(kāi)工,西氣東輸四線完成核準(zhǔn),川氣東送二線加快推進(jìn)。儲(chǔ)氣設(shè)施開(kāi)工建設(shè)全面提速,采暖季前地下儲(chǔ)氣庫(kù)實(shí)現(xiàn)“應(yīng)儲(chǔ)盡儲(chǔ)”。2021年,全國(guó)已建成儲(chǔ)氣能力同比增15.8%,三年多時(shí)間實(shí)現(xiàn)翻番。天然氣保供穩(wěn)價(jià)取得積極成效在國(guó)際油氣價(jià)格高企、劇烈波動(dòng)的不利形勢(shì)下,國(guó)內(nèi)天然氣市場(chǎng)總體實(shí)現(xiàn)量增價(jià)穩(wěn)。市場(chǎng)化、合同化保供機(jī)制深入人心,合同內(nèi)保供、合同內(nèi)調(diào)節(jié)穩(wěn)定行業(yè)發(fā)展和資源保供基本盤(pán)。國(guó)產(chǎn)氣和進(jìn)口長(zhǎng)協(xié)氣源發(fā)揮保供穩(wěn)價(jià)壓艙石作用,大企業(yè)特別是國(guó)有企業(yè)發(fā)揮天然氣保供穩(wěn)價(jià)主力軍作用。主干管網(wǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)加快管網(wǎng)投資建設(shè)速度,大力提升管網(wǎng)互聯(lián)互通水平,全國(guó)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施尖峰供氣能力進(jìn)一步提升。各地扎實(shí)做好有序用氣調(diào)節(jié)及應(yīng)急預(yù)案,民生用氣需求得到有力保障。出臺(tái)《天然氣管道運(yùn)輸價(jià)格管理辦法(暫行)》和《天然氣管道運(yùn)輸定價(jià)成本監(jiān)審辦法(暫行)》,加強(qiáng)自然壟斷環(huán)節(jié)價(jià)格監(jiān)管。技術(shù)攻關(guān)成果顯著,自主創(chuàng)新能力進(jìn)一步提升創(chuàng)新發(fā)展深層頁(yè)巖氣鉆井提速技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)水平段高效2021年底,四川盆地深層頁(yè)巖氣最短鉆井周307000米以上,最長(zhǎng)水平3601米。深層超深層天然氣實(shí)現(xiàn)了一批重大裝備和關(guān)鍵工具的自主研發(fā),多口超深井邁上8500米新臺(tái)階。海洋油氣3攻克12項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵裝備國(guó)產(chǎn)化難題。地下儲(chǔ)氣庫(kù)強(qiáng)化庫(kù)(群)集約化建設(shè)新模式,創(chuàng)新形成復(fù)雜斷塊油氣藏新老井協(xié)同排液與注采建庫(kù)技術(shù),完成國(guó)內(nèi)首個(gè)復(fù)雜連通老腔改建鹽穴儲(chǔ)氣庫(kù)工程建設(shè)方案。天然氣管道重大技術(shù)裝備研發(fā)持續(xù)推進(jìn),首次提出管道金屬損失及裂紋缺陷電磁控陣檢測(cè)原理和方法,研制首臺(tái)1016毫米口徑油氣管道電磁控陣內(nèi)檢測(cè)器等。二、2022年中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展面臨的新形勢(shì)、新要求(一)外部環(huán)境不確定性增加,能源安全面臨新挑戰(zhàn)近年來(lái),全球能源格局加快調(diào)整,市場(chǎng)波動(dòng)明顯加劇。烏克蘭危機(jī)等地緣政治角力影響能源市場(chǎng)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行,國(guó)際能源市場(chǎng)秩序和運(yùn)營(yíng)規(guī)則面臨新挑戰(zhàn),能源底線安全成為各國(guó)面臨的共同課題。當(dāng)前全球化石能源生產(chǎn)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資強(qiáng)度仍不能完全適應(yīng)能源安全發(fā)展需要,疊加新能源快速發(fā)展,中長(zhǎng)期全球能源安全面臨的不確定性增加。歐洲尋求減少對(duì)俄羅斯天然氣的依賴(lài),進(jìn)口LNG需求上升,歐美亞區(qū)域天然氣市場(chǎng)聯(lián)動(dòng)增強(qiáng),區(qū)域供需風(fēng)險(xiǎn)對(duì)全球天然氣市場(chǎng)影響進(jìn)一步放大。能源安全領(lǐng)域新舊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)交織,如何建立健全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范和應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制,持續(xù)推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行等,是中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展面臨的新挑戰(zhàn)。2021年,中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議提出加快建設(shè)能源強(qiáng)國(guó)。圍繞天然氣發(fā)展,明確國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)自給的戰(zhàn)略底線,發(fā)揮國(guó)有企業(yè)支撐托底作用,加快油氣等資源先進(jìn)開(kāi)采技術(shù)推廣應(yīng)用,著力釋放國(guó)產(chǎn)氣特別是非常規(guī)天然氣增儲(chǔ)上產(chǎn)潛力。加強(qiáng)天然氣儲(chǔ)備能力建設(shè),發(fā)揮其在季節(jié)調(diào)峰、應(yīng)急保供和應(yīng)對(duì)突發(fā)事件短供斷供等方面的調(diào)節(jié)保障作用。進(jìn)一步完善開(kāi)放條件下的保供責(zé)任劃分與制度建設(shè),發(fā)揮好各類(lèi)市場(chǎng)主體在保供穩(wěn)價(jià)中的積極作用。實(shí)現(xiàn)科技自立自強(qiáng),進(jìn)一步提升核心技術(shù)自主研發(fā)能力,推動(dòng)在天然氣上游勘探開(kāi)發(fā)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、節(jié)能高效利用等領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)裝備攻關(guān)和智能化應(yīng)用。立足“雙碳”發(fā)展目標(biāo),不斷強(qiáng)化產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈發(fā)展的韌性和彈性,在穩(wěn)定供應(yīng)基礎(chǔ)上,推動(dòng)天然氣高效利用,促進(jìn)油氣與新能源融合發(fā)展,在促進(jìn)減污降碳協(xié)同方面發(fā)揮更大作用。夯實(shí)高水平對(duì)外開(kāi)放合作,充分發(fā)揮中國(guó)在推動(dòng)全球天然氣貿(mào)易和投資穩(wěn)健發(fā)展、構(gòu)建互利共贏的國(guó)際合作格局中的積極作用,深度融入全球天然氣產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。(三)全國(guó)統(tǒng)一能源市場(chǎng)建設(shè)提出天然氣行業(yè)發(fā)展新任務(wù)加快建設(shè)全國(guó)統(tǒng)一大市場(chǎng)強(qiáng)調(diào)立破并舉,深化發(fā)展要素市場(chǎng)化配置改革。強(qiáng)化天然氣市場(chǎng)建設(shè),一方面要求不斷健全自身市場(chǎng)體系,建立完善市場(chǎng)規(guī)則、標(biāo)準(zhǔn),另一方面要著力推動(dòng)天然氣與新能源融合發(fā)展。要堅(jiān)持基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施“全國(guó)一張網(wǎng)”統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、適度先行,發(fā)揮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施促投資、穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)作用,發(fā)揮基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施對(duì)天然氣市場(chǎng)培育和完善引導(dǎo)作用。要打破行政性、區(qū)域性壟斷,立足全國(guó)加快天然氣產(chǎn)供儲(chǔ)銷(xiāo)體系建設(shè),持續(xù)推動(dòng)天然氣管網(wǎng)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通并向各類(lèi)市場(chǎng)主體高質(zhì)量開(kāi)放;加快推動(dòng)省級(jí)管網(wǎng)市場(chǎng)化融入國(guó)家管網(wǎng),促進(jìn)天然氣在市場(chǎng)的自由流動(dòng)和靈活調(diào)配。加快推動(dòng)構(gòu)建天然氣能量計(jì)量計(jì)價(jià)體系。三、2022年天然氣產(chǎn)供儲(chǔ)銷(xiāo)體系建設(shè)重點(diǎn)方向2022年是第二個(gè)百年目標(biāo)的開(kāi)局之年,是“十四五”規(guī)劃的關(guān)鍵之年。油氣行業(yè)深刻認(rèn)識(shí)和把握“三新一高”要求,以落實(shí)“十四五”規(guī)劃目標(biāo)和重大任務(wù)為抓手,不斷推進(jìn)產(chǎn)供儲(chǔ)銷(xiāo)體系建設(shè)走深走實(shí),努力實(shí)現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。(一)立足國(guó)內(nèi)加大釋放國(guó)內(nèi)供應(yīng)潛力,提升自主保障能力牢記習(xí)近平總書(shū)記“能源的飯碗必須端在自己的手里”的囑托,大力提升勘探開(kāi)發(fā)力度,保障能源安全。強(qiáng)化國(guó)有企業(yè)的責(zé)任考核和使命擔(dān)當(dāng),不斷增強(qiáng)國(guó)內(nèi)天然氣生產(chǎn)保障能力,持續(xù)增儲(chǔ)上產(chǎn)。強(qiáng)化勘探特別是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)勘探投資,加快資源探明,夯實(shí)資源基礎(chǔ),強(qiáng)化儲(chǔ)量接續(xù)。加快科技創(chuàng)新和工程示范,推動(dòng)油氣等資源先進(jìn)開(kāi)采技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用。圍繞深層深水常規(guī)氣、深層頁(yè)巖氣、煤層氣等難動(dòng)用儲(chǔ)量資源,強(qiáng)化勘探評(píng)價(jià)和科技攻關(guān),推動(dòng)效益建產(chǎn)、高效上產(chǎn)。(二)統(tǒng)籌謀劃適度先行,推動(dòng)天然氣基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資建設(shè)落實(shí)國(guó)務(wù)院穩(wěn)住經(jīng)濟(jì)大盤(pán)工作部署要求,適度超前加快天然氣基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資建設(shè),更好地滿(mǎn)足天然氣行業(yè)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的形勢(shì)要求。加快推進(jìn)永清—上海管道、西氣東輸三線中段、西氣東輸四線、川氣東送二線等一批重大、標(biāo)志性工程,強(qiáng)化“十四五”規(guī)劃落地實(shí)施。加快完善區(qū)域及省內(nèi)管道,強(qiáng)化供需銜接。支持實(shí)施天然氣長(zhǎng)輸老舊管道更新改造,保障產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。督促和指導(dǎo)相關(guān)企業(yè)切實(shí)簡(jiǎn)化優(yōu)化管道、地下儲(chǔ)氣庫(kù)等重大工程內(nèi)部決策程序,強(qiáng)化落實(shí)國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略相關(guān)考核,加快投資批復(fù),加大投資力度,加快建設(shè)進(jìn)度。依托產(chǎn)供儲(chǔ)銷(xiāo)體系建設(shè)專(zhuān)班工作機(jī)制,央地企聯(lián)動(dòng),不斷強(qiáng)化重大工程實(shí)施的資源要素保障。(三)有為政府和有效市場(chǎng)相結(jié)合,積極應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外能源格局深刻調(diào)整當(dāng)前國(guó)際油氣價(jià)格高企,國(guó)內(nèi)天然氣行業(yè)發(fā)展不平衡不協(xié)調(diào)新問(wèn)題有所顯現(xiàn)。多措并舉,積極化解產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈各環(huán)節(jié)矛盾,疏導(dǎo)痛點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)。督促和引導(dǎo)國(guó)有企業(yè)天然氣增儲(chǔ)上產(chǎn),并進(jìn)一步激發(fā)基層企業(yè)干勁和活力。壓實(shí)地方政府民生保供主體責(zé)任和城鎮(zhèn)燃?xì)馄髽I(yè)民生保供“最后一公里”主體責(zé)任。強(qiáng)化合同簽訂、規(guī)范合同執(zhí)行、加強(qiáng)履約監(jiān)管。在保供穩(wěn)價(jià)的同時(shí),積極發(fā)揮價(jià)格在合理區(qū)間波動(dòng)等市場(chǎng)信號(hào)對(duì)資源配置的決定性作用,不斷強(qiáng)化合同內(nèi)保供、合同內(nèi)調(diào)節(jié),誰(shuí)欠供誰(shuí)賠付,誰(shuí)超用誰(shuí)補(bǔ)償;更好地發(fā)揮政府作用,圍繞居民用氣供應(yīng)保障,合理核定居民用氣等民生用氣量,聚焦重點(diǎn)矛盾、因地制宜、精準(zhǔn)施策,不斷探索完善區(qū)域性、差異化、可落地的保障措施。堅(jiān)持市場(chǎng)化改革方向,穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)管網(wǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)體制機(jī)制改革,完善管網(wǎng)運(yùn)行調(diào)度規(guī)則,加強(qiáng)管網(wǎng)設(shè)施公平開(kāi)放監(jiān)管,提升管網(wǎng)設(shè)施利用效率,推動(dòng)建立管網(wǎng)氣量平衡輔助服務(wù)市場(chǎng)機(jī)制;明確和規(guī)范各類(lèi)市場(chǎng)主體保供責(zé)任,推進(jìn)設(shè)施高質(zhì)量開(kāi)放。(四)堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新發(fā)展,塑造行業(yè)發(fā)展新優(yōu)勢(shì)加強(qiáng)科技裝備攻關(guān)。加快油氣等資源先進(jìn)開(kāi)采技術(shù)、裝加強(qiáng)模式探索創(chuàng)新。因地制宜、因省施策,積極推動(dòng)省級(jí)管網(wǎng)以市場(chǎng)化方式融入國(guó)家管網(wǎng)公司;壓縮供氣層級(jí),簡(jiǎn)化收費(fèi)模式,結(jié)合省網(wǎng)融入鼓勵(lì)探索開(kāi)展管輸費(fèi)“一票制”結(jié)算碳”發(fā)展目標(biāo),推動(dòng)油氣行業(yè)低碳轉(zhuǎn)型,推進(jìn)天然氣與新能源融合發(fā)展;立足行業(yè)發(fā)展優(yōu)勢(shì),開(kāi)展二氧化碳捕集、利用與封存(CCUS)、管道摻氫輸氫、二氧化碳管道關(guān)鍵技術(shù)裝碳減排、CCUS、制氫等領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)交流、引進(jìn)、合作與共同研發(fā)。加強(qiáng)與國(guó)際燃?xì)饴?lián)盟(IGU)、國(guó)際能源機(jī)構(gòu)(IEA)等主要國(guó)際能源組織的交流合作,持續(xù)推動(dòng)完善國(guó)際天然氣公平交易、投資安全和商務(wù)合作的合理規(guī)則。中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展報(bào)告(2022)中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展報(bào)告(2022)ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022) ··PAGE13···PAGE12·四、2022年中國(guó)天然氣市場(chǎng)展望2022年以來(lái),中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng),能源轉(zhuǎn)型和發(fā)展持續(xù)推進(jìn)。面對(duì)極端復(fù)雜的外部環(huán)境,中國(guó)天然氣行業(yè)產(chǎn)供儲(chǔ)銷(xiāo)協(xié)同發(fā)力,“強(qiáng)國(guó)產(chǎn)、強(qiáng)設(shè)施、強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)”“穩(wěn)進(jìn)口、穩(wěn)價(jià)格、穩(wěn)預(yù)期”“保合同、保民生、保存量”“三強(qiáng)三穩(wěn)三保”多措并舉,天然氣購(gòu)銷(xiāo)銜接更為穩(wěn)健,市場(chǎng)規(guī)則和合同機(jī)制運(yùn)行穩(wěn)健,行業(yè)發(fā)展總體平穩(wěn)。同時(shí),中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展主動(dòng)融入全球市場(chǎng),成為促進(jìn)區(qū)域間資源再平衡的有效力量,行業(yè)發(fā)展顯示出更高靈活性和更大彈性。11207.9%。7418.9%。其中,管道氣31210%;LNG42819%。1—6月,中國(guó)天然氣消費(fèi)量與上年同期基本持平。分行業(yè)看,城市燃?xì)庥脷夥€(wěn)步增長(zhǎng),化工化肥用氣小幅增長(zhǎng),商服用氣受新冠疫情影響下降,工業(yè)和發(fā)電用氣增速明顯回落。20222200億立方米左右,力爭(zhēng)全年增產(chǎn)超過(guò)100億立方米。天然氣進(jìn)口量穩(wěn)中有降,LNG進(jìn)口可能出現(xiàn)近年來(lái)首次負(fù)增長(zhǎng)。預(yù)計(jì)20223750~38001~3%,下半年需求將受到今冬明春氣候不確定性、國(guó)際能源市場(chǎng)價(jià)格大幅波動(dòng)不確定性雙重影響。分行業(yè)看,城市燃?xì)庥脷庑枨蠓€(wěn)健增長(zhǎng),居民生活、采暖用氣是主要增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力。氣電增速放緩,主要是全社會(huì)用電量增速有所放緩、去年同期基數(shù)較高、水電及風(fēng)電光伏等可再生能源發(fā)電量較快增長(zhǎng)。工業(yè)用氣增速放緩,主要是國(guó)際進(jìn)口現(xiàn)貨LNG價(jià)格高企提高資源增供的邊際成本,高氣價(jià)擠出部分高耗能及低端產(chǎn)業(yè)用氣需求。化工化肥用氣保持平穩(wěn)。結(jié)束語(yǔ)2022年是進(jìn)入全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家、向第二個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)進(jìn)軍新征程的重要一年。百年未有之大變局下,多重因素加劇世界能源市場(chǎng)不確定性。天然氣行業(yè)要堅(jiān)決貫徹落實(shí)黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)天然氣產(chǎn)供儲(chǔ)銷(xiāo)體系建設(shè)的各項(xiàng)決策部署和保供穩(wěn)價(jià)工作要求,扎實(shí)推進(jìn)“十四五”規(guī)劃落地實(shí)施,為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和能源低碳轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)揮更大作用?!吨袊?guó)天然氣發(fā)展報(bào)告》已連續(xù)發(fā)布七年,期待《中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展報(bào)告(2022)》的發(fā)布進(jìn)一步激發(fā)社會(huì)各界為天然氣未來(lái)發(fā)展出謀劃策的積極性。誠(chéng)摯感謝各相關(guān)部門(mén)、研究機(jī)構(gòu)、行業(yè)學(xué)會(huì)、企業(yè)、國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)及眾多專(zhuān)家的大力支持和幫助。祝婧祎、孫慧、張繼龍、李易隆、沈鑫、石云、李秋揚(yáng)、王丹旭、劉秉謙等對(duì)報(bào)告成稿的積極貢獻(xiàn),感謝行業(yè)專(zhuān)家學(xué)者和企業(yè)代表對(duì)報(bào)告提出的修改建議。感謝北京太科石油信息印刷出版等工作的大力支持。2021—2022年中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展大事記202111617(行)》,并印發(fā)配套的配額分配方案和重點(diǎn)排放單位名單。202133月13日,《中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展第十四個(gè)五年規(guī)劃和2035年遠(yuǎn)景目標(biāo)綱要》發(fā)布。首次提出油氣核心需求依靠自保,部署加快深海、深層和非常規(guī)油氣資源利用,夯實(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)量基礎(chǔ),保持原油和天然氣穩(wěn)產(chǎn)增產(chǎn),拓展油氣進(jìn)口來(lái)源,維護(hù)戰(zhàn)略通道和關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)安全等重點(diǎn)任務(wù)。3月15日,習(xí)近平總書(shū)記主持召開(kāi)中央財(cái)經(jīng)委員會(huì)第九次會(huì)議,研究促進(jìn)平臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展問(wèn)題和實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和的基本思路和主要舉措,強(qiáng)調(diào)要把碳達(dá)峰、碳中和納入生態(tài)文明建設(shè)整體布局,如期實(shí)現(xiàn)2030年前碳達(dá)峰、2060年前碳中和的目標(biāo)。3124式接管原中國(guó)石油昆侖能源下屬北京管道公司和大連LNG司股權(quán),標(biāo)志著中國(guó)油氣主干管網(wǎng)資產(chǎn)整合全面完成,實(shí)現(xiàn)了國(guó)內(nèi)全部油氣主干管網(wǎng)并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行。2021422日,國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平在北京以視頻方式出席領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人氣候峰會(huì),并發(fā)表題為《共同構(gòu)建人與自然生命共同體》的重要講話(huà)。4222021提出推動(dòng)油氣增儲(chǔ)上產(chǎn),推進(jìn)天然氣主干管網(wǎng)建設(shè)和互聯(lián)互通,加強(qiáng)儲(chǔ)氣能力建設(shè)等。29日,我國(guó)首個(gè)海上智能氣田群——東方氣田群全面建成,海上油氣生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)邁入智能化和數(shù)字化時(shí)代。202156于“十四五”期間能源資源勘探開(kāi)發(fā)利用進(jìn)口稅收政策的通知》,出臺(tái)石油(天然氣)、煤層氣勘探開(kāi)發(fā)作業(yè)項(xiàng)目和海上油氣管道應(yīng)急救援項(xiàng)目免稅規(guī)定與天然氣進(jìn)口增值稅先征后返規(guī)定等。518日,中國(guó)油氣企業(yè)甲烷控排聯(lián)盟成立。該聯(lián)盟由中國(guó)石油、中國(guó)石化、中國(guó)海油、國(guó)家管網(wǎng)、北京燃?xì)?、華潤(rùn)燃?xì)狻⑿聤W能源72025年實(shí)現(xiàn)將天然氣生產(chǎn)過(guò)程甲烷平均排放強(qiáng)度降到0.2525時(shí)期深化價(jià)格機(jī)制改革行動(dòng)方案的通知》(發(fā)改價(jià)格〔2021〕689),要求深入推進(jìn)能源價(jià)格改革。202169運(yùn)輸價(jià)格管理辦法(暫行)》和《天然氣管道運(yùn)輸定價(jià)成本監(jiān)審辦法()》(2021〕818)步完善天然氣管道運(yùn)輸價(jià)格管理體系。610LNG公平開(kāi)放專(zhuān)項(xiàng)監(jiān)管工作方案》,推動(dòng)天然氣管網(wǎng)設(shè)施公平開(kāi)放,促進(jìn)管網(wǎng)設(shè)施高效利用,規(guī)范管網(wǎng)設(shè)施運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)開(kāi)放服務(wù)行為。25日,中國(guó)首個(gè)自營(yíng)勘探開(kāi)發(fā)的1500米深水大氣田“深海一號(hào)”在海南陵水海域正式投產(chǎn),標(biāo)志著中國(guó)海洋油氣勘探開(kāi)發(fā)邁向“超深水”。2021715日,國(guó)家能源局在北京組織召開(kāi)2021年大力提升油氣勘探開(kāi)發(fā)力度工作推進(jìn)會(huì),深入貫徹落實(shí)習(xí)近平總書(shū)記關(guān)于油氣勘探開(kāi)發(fā)系列重要指示批示精神,總結(jié)前期工作經(jīng)驗(yàn),分析當(dāng)前面臨的形勢(shì),研究部署下步工作,對(duì)大力提升油氣勘探開(kāi)發(fā)力度進(jìn)行再學(xué)習(xí)再動(dòng)員,推動(dòng)油氣產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展再上新臺(tái)階。162021828日,中國(guó)首個(gè)海上二氧化碳封存示范工程在南海珠江口盆地正式啟動(dòng),將把海上恩平15-1油田群開(kāi)發(fā)伴生的80030總計(jì)超146萬(wàn)噸。2021911日,國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)印發(fā)《完善能源消費(fèi)強(qiáng)度和總量雙控制度方案》(發(fā)改環(huán)資〔2021〕1310)。9月15日,國(guó)家能源局制定實(shí)施全國(guó)儲(chǔ)氣能力建設(shè)實(shí)施方案。23日,西氣東輸三線中段工程(中衛(wèi)—吉安)開(kāi)工建設(shè)。2021108日,中國(guó)首個(gè)商業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)大型頁(yè)巖氣田——江漢油田涪陵頁(yè)巖氣田累計(jì)生產(chǎn)頁(yè)巖氣400億立方米,創(chuàng)造中國(guó)頁(yè)巖氣田累計(jì)產(chǎn)量新紀(jì)錄。1021勝利油田萊113區(qū)塊考察調(diào)研。習(xí)近平總書(shū)記指出:“石油能源建設(shè)對(duì)我們國(guó)家意義重大,中國(guó)作為制造業(yè)大國(guó),要發(fā)展實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì),能源的飯碗必須端在自己手里?!?0月24日,中共中央、國(guó)務(wù)院印發(fā)《關(guān)于完整準(zhǔn)確全面貫徹新發(fā)展理念做好碳達(dá)峰碳中和工作的意見(jiàn)》(中發(fā)〔2021〕36號(hào)),提出了碳達(dá)峰、碳中和工作的10方面31項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)任務(wù)。262030(國(guó)發(fā)〔2021〕23),提出重點(diǎn)實(shí)施能源綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型行動(dòng)、節(jié)能降碳增效行動(dòng)等“碳達(dá)峰十大行動(dòng)”。20211120LNG船舶加注站在海南省澄邁縣馬村港碼頭正式投運(yùn)。2021122日,國(guó)務(wù)院安全生產(chǎn)委員會(huì)印發(fā)《全國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)燃?xì)獍踩挪檎喂ぷ鞣桨浮?,部署全?guó)范圍內(nèi)為期一年的城鎮(zhèn)燃?xì)獍踩挪檎喂ぷ鳌?28—10日,中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會(huì)議在北京舉行。會(huì)議要加快建設(shè)能源強(qiáng)國(guó)。12月15日,中國(guó)科學(xué)院廣州能源研究所自主研制出國(guó)際首套有效體積2585升、最大模擬海深3000米的大尺度全尺寸開(kāi)采井天然氣水合物三維綜合試驗(yàn)開(kāi)采系統(tǒng)。這是當(dāng)前國(guó)際規(guī)模最大、模擬海深最深、技術(shù)水平國(guó)際領(lǐng)先的天然氣水合物開(kāi)采試驗(yàn)裝備。1220LNG湖段建成并投入試運(yùn)營(yíng),該加注站年設(shè)計(jì)加注能力3.02萬(wàn)噸,最大可???000噸級(jí)船舶。12312021年分四批依次掛牌出讓煤層氣(黔西向斜西翼區(qū)塊)探礦權(quán)、新疆準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地大14個(gè)石油天然氣探礦權(quán)、新疆塔里木盆地疏勒—岳普湖勘查等7個(gè)石油天然氣探礦權(quán)、新疆塔里木盆地尉犁西2勘查等7個(gè)石油天然氣探礦權(quán)。202211月24日,中共中央政治局就努力實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和目標(biāo)進(jìn)行第三十六次集體學(xué)習(xí)。習(xí)近平總書(shū)記強(qiáng)調(diào),實(shí)現(xiàn)碳達(dá)峰、碳中和是貫徹新發(fā)展理念、構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局、推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的內(nèi)在要求,是黨中央統(tǒng)籌國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際兩個(gè)大局作出的重大戰(zhàn)略決策。29CCUSCCUS202223目購(gòu)銷(xiāo)協(xié)議,約定自俄羅斯遠(yuǎn)東通過(guò)管道對(duì)華供應(yīng)天然氣,100210于完善能源綠色低碳轉(zhuǎn)型體制機(jī)制和政策措施的意見(jiàn)》(發(fā)改能源〔2022〕206)。2823庫(kù)一期工程建成投產(chǎn)。2022322日,國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)、國(guó)家能源局印發(fā)《“十四五”現(xiàn)代能源體系規(guī)劃》,提出“十四五”時(shí)期現(xiàn)代能源體系建設(shè)的主要目標(biāo)。292022提出2022年主要目標(biāo)為增強(qiáng)供應(yīng)保障能力。2022413日,習(xí)近平總書(shū)記在海南考察時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào),建設(shè)海洋強(qiáng)國(guó)是實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的重大戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)。要推動(dòng)海洋科技實(shí)現(xiàn)高水平自立自強(qiáng),加強(qiáng)原創(chuàng)性、引領(lǐng)性科技攻關(guān),把裝備制造牢牢抓在自己手里,努力用我們自己的裝備開(kāi)發(fā)油氣資源,提高能源自給率,保障國(guó)家能源安全。4月21日,國(guó)家能源局組織召開(kāi)全國(guó)油氣管道規(guī)劃建設(shè)和保護(hù)工作會(huì)議,貫徹落實(shí)黨中央、國(guó)務(wù)院決策部署,推動(dòng)油氣“十四五”規(guī)劃落地實(shí)施,加快管道基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),統(tǒng)籌做好管道保護(hù)。26日,習(xí)近平總書(shū)記主持召開(kāi)中央財(cái)經(jīng)委員會(huì)第十一次會(huì)議,對(duì)全面加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)作出新部署,為構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施體系指明方向。2022526日,國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)印發(fā)《關(guān)于完善進(jìn)口液化天然氣接收站氣化服務(wù)定價(jià)機(jī)制的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》(發(fā)改價(jià)格〔2022〕768)。2022610日,國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳發(fā)布《城市燃?xì)夤艿赖壤匣?022—2025(20222227日,住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部及國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)(建辦城函〔2022〕225號(hào))。2022年至今,自然資源部分兩批掛牌出讓廣西柳城北勘查等2個(gè)頁(yè)巖氣探礦權(quán)、黑龍江拜泉南勘查等4個(gè)石油天然氣探礦權(quán)。2022724日,國(guó)家能源局在北京組織召開(kāi)2022年大力提升油氣勘探開(kāi)發(fā)力度工作推進(jìn)會(huì)。會(huì)議指出,全國(guó)能源系統(tǒng)和油氣行業(yè)堅(jiān)定不移推動(dòng)油氣增儲(chǔ)上產(chǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)勘探大突破、原油穩(wěn)增長(zhǎng)、天然氣快上產(chǎn)。會(huì)議要求切實(shí)提高政治站位,牢牢守住油氣戰(zhàn)略安全底線,以國(guó)內(nèi)油氣增產(chǎn)保供的確定性,來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)外部環(huán)境的不確定性。ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)OilandGasDepartment,NationalEnergyAdministrationInstituteforResourcesandEnvironmentalPolicies,DevelopmentResearchCenteroftheStateCouncilCenterforOilandGasResourceStrategies,MinistryofNaturalResourcesPetroleumIndustryPressChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022)EditorialBoard(intheorderofsurnamebynumberofstrokes)Chairpersons:RENJingdong LINGYueming LONGGuoqiangDeputyChairpersons:LIUHong YUGuo WUYugen GAOShijiCommitteeMembers:Jing Xiaowei LIUXiaoxiao LUJialiangLei Shangming Lili CHENJindianLILi LIZheng LIJifeng JIANGXuefengDUANZhaofang GUOJiaofeng JipingSupportingInstitutions:CNPCEconomics&TechnologyResearchInstituteResearchInstituteofPetroleumExploration&DevelopmentPetroChinaPlanning&EngineeringInstituteSinopecEconomics&DevelopmentResearchInstituteCNOOCEnergyEconomicsInstitutePipeChinaResearchInstituteofScienceandTechnologyChinaInternationalEngineeringConsultingCorporationInstituteofEnergy,PekingUniversityInstituteofClimateChangeandSustainableDevelopment,TsinghuaUniversityPrefaceIn2021,amidtheongoingspreadofCOVID-19epidemic,theworldeconomyrecoveredslowly.Withtheresumptionofenergyconsumptiongrowth,theprominentcontradictionbetweenregionalsupplyanddemand,andtheinterweavingofglobalgeopoliticalandfinancialrisks,globalenergypricessurgedandfluctuatedsharply.Pushingthelow-carbonenergytransitionwhileensuringthesecurityofenergysupplyhasbecomeaworldwidechallengeforenergydevelopment.In2021,facingtoughsituation,risksandchallengesathomeandabroad,Chinacoordinatedepidemicpreventionandcontrolandsocio-economicdevelopment,andhasachievedremarkableresults,offtoagoodstarttothe14thFive-yearPlanperiod.ThroughthoroughlyimplementingimportantinstructionsofPresidentXiJinping,China’snaturalgasindustrywitnessedconsiderableresultsintheconstructionofnaturalgasproduction,supply,storageandmarketingsystem.Anoverallincreaseinnaturalgassupplyandstabilityinpriceswasaccomplished.Gasconsumptionforpeople’slivelihoodintheheatingseasonwaswellguaranteed.Theproportionofnaturalgasintheprimaryenergyconsumptionstructureincreasedconstantly.Inthefaceofthemorecomplexexternalenvironment,andthenewsituationandrequirementsofenergydevelopmentandreform,China’snaturalgasindustryshouldfocusonthemajorworkofbuildingthenaturalgasproduction,supply,storageandmarketingmechanism,coordinateenergydevelopmentandsecurity,ensurenaturalgassupply,maintainstableprices,consolidatethefoundationofdomesticresources,andacceleratetheinvestmentandconstructionoffacilitiesthroughsystematicplanningandcomprehensivestrategies.Additionaleffortswillbemadetoenhancetheabilityoftechnologicalinnovation,deepenthereformofinstitutionalmechanisms,andimprovethedesignofmarketsystem,soastopromotethehigh-qualitydevelopmentoftheindustryandcontributetoensuringnationalenergysecurityandmovingtowardsanenergypowerhouse.CONTENTSGlobalandChina’sNaturalGasDevelopmentin2021 1GlobalNaturalGasDevelopment 1China’sNaturalGasDevelopment 5NewSituationandRequirementsforChina’sNaturalGasDevelopmentin2022 10Energysecurityfacesnewchallengesasmoreuncertaintiesoccurred 10Thegoalofbecominganenergypowerhousepushesthenaturalgasindustrytowardshigh-qualitydevelopment Thegoalforbuildinganationalunifiedenergymarketasksnewtaskforthedevelopmentofnaturalgasindustry KeyDirectionsfortheConstructionofNaturalGasProduction,Supply,StorageandMarketingSystemin202215Domesticsupplypotentialshallbepromoted,soastoenhancetheabilityofindependentguarantee 15Investmentandconstructionofnaturalgasinfrastructureshallbepromoted,withmoderatepriorityonoverallplanning 16Improvemacroadjustmentmechanism,playabetterroleoftheefficientmarket,andactivelyrespondtoprofoundadjustmentsintheenergylandscapeathomeandabroad 18Adheretoinnovativedevelopmentandcreatenewadvantagesofindustrydevelopment 19ProspectsofChina’sNaturalGasMarketin2022 22Conclusion 25ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentEvents(2021–2022) 27中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展報(bào)告(2022)中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展報(bào)告(2022)ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022) ··PAGE1···PAGE10·GlobalandChinasNaturalGasDevelopmentin2021AGlobalNaturalGasDevelopmentaNaturalgasconsumptionreboundedrapidlyandexceededthepre-epidemiclevelIn2021,theworld’snaturalgasconsumptionwas4.0trillioncubicmeters(tcm),withtheyear-on-yeargrowthratereboundedto5.3%from-1.6%inthepreviousyear,anincreaseof3.4%over2019.TheannualnaturalgasconsumptioninNorthAmericawas1.03tcm,flatwiththepreviousyear.Amongthem,U.S.consumptionwas826.7billioncubicmeters(bcm),ayear-on-yeardecreaseof0.4%,mainlyduetothedeclineingasconsumptionforelectricitygenerationandweakgasconsumptionforindustrialuse.ConsumptioninEuropewas571.1bcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof5.7%andanincreaseof3.0%over2019,forwhichthemaindriverwasAInthischapter,thedataonnaturalgasreserves,production,consumptionandtradeismainlysourcedfromBPStatisticalReviewofWorldEnergy,dataonnaturalgasliquefactioncapacityandprojects,andexploration&developmentinvestmentfromIHS.ThedataonChina’snaturalgasreservesissourcedfromtheNationalOilandGasReservesBulletin(2021)oftheMinistryofNaturalResources.ThedataonnaturalgasproductionissourcedfromtheNationalBureauofStatistics,consumptionfromindustrystatistics,andimportandexportfromtheGeneralAdministrationofCustoms.therecoveryofgasconsumptionforresidential,commercialandelectricitygenerationuses.TheannualconsumptionintheAsia-Pacificregionwas918.3bcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof6.2%,contributing26.8%ofthegrowthinglobalnaturalgasconsumption.Inparticular,China,SouthKorea,India,andemergingmarketsincreasedby12.5%,9.0%,3.1%and2.6%year-on-yearrespectively;whileJapansawayear-on-yeardeclineof0.2%duetorelativelysluggishgasdemand.bInvestmentinnaturalgasexplorationanddevelopmentpickedup,butstilllowerthantheaveragelevelinthepastdecadeIn2021,drivenbybothdemandgrowthandpriceincreases,theworld’snaturalgasproductionreached4.0tcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof175.4bcmor4.8%.Inparticular,NorthAmerica,Russia-CentralAsiaandtheMiddleEastrankedthetopthreeintermsofproduction,with1,135.8bcm,896bcmand714.9bcmrespectively,andgrowthratesof2.4%,10.9%and4.2%respectively.In2021,theworld’snewlyaddednaturalgasreserveswere1.04tcm,andremainingrecoverablenaturalgasreserveswere192tcm.AccordingtoIHSstatistics,globalinvestmentinoilandnaturalgasexplorationanddevelopmentin2021wasUS$347billion,anincreaseofUS$45billionor15%over2020,butfarbelowtheaverageofthepastdecade(US$480billion).cTheworld’snaturalgastradevolumedeclined,andtheglobalnewlycommissionedliquefactioncapacitygrewatalowrateIn2021,theworld’snaturalgastradevolumewas1.22tcm,ayear-on-yeardecreaseof2.3%.PNGtradevolumewas704.4bcm,ayear-on-yeardecreaseof6.8%,accountingfor57.7%ofthetotalnaturalgastrade.LNGtradevolumewas516.2bcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof5.6%.IntheLNGtrade,thevolumeofspotandshort-termcontractswithinthreeyearswas169.3bcm,accountingfor32.8%ofthetotalLNGtradevolume.In2021,theglobalexistingliquefactioncapacitywas465milliontons/year(t/y),andthenewlyaddedcapacitywas7.54milliont/y.Theyear-on-yeargrowthratedroppedto1.6%from5.8%inthepreviousyear,andtheutilizationrateofliquefactionprojectsreached80%,up2percentagepointsyear-on-year.dNaturalgaspricesclimbedsharply,andgloballinkagesincreasedIn2021,thedemandfornaturalgasinEuroperecoveredrapidly.Theproductionofgasfieldsintheregionwassignificantlyreduced.ImportsofPNGandLNGdeclined.Supplywastightthroughouttheyear.Especiallyinthesecondhalfoftheyear,theoutputofnewenergywasinsufficient,carbonpriceswerehigh,andthestockofundergroundgasstorageswaslowerthantheaveragelevelofthepastfiveyears.TitleTransferFacility(TTF)spotpriceoncereachedanall-timehighofUS$60.28/MMBtu,withanannualaverageofUS$15.9/MMBtu,ayear-on-yearincreaseof398%.DrivenbyhighgaspricesinEurope,cross-regionalLNGarbitragebetweenAsiaandEuropegrewsignificantly,andthelinkageofspotpricesbetweenAsiaandEuropeincreasednotably,showingatrendoffirstlowthenhighduringtheyear.TheAsiaspotLNGpricereachedamaximumofUS$46.45/MMBtuduringtheyear,andtheannualaveragewasUS$14.5/MMBtu,ayear-on-yearincreaseof279%.Thelong-termcontract(LTC)pricesweremainlyaffectedbyoilprices.In2021,theaverageimportpriceofLNGinNortheastAsiawasUS$10.7/MMBtu,ayear-on-yearincreaseof51%.IntheUnitedStates,thefundamentalsofnaturalgassupplycontinuedtobetightduetostrongLNGexportsandasubstantialincreaseofgasdeliveredtoLNGexportfacilities.HenryHub(HH)spotpriceaveragedUS$3.9/MMBtu,upby93%year-on-year.China’sNaturalGasDevelopmentaNaturalgasconsumptiongrewrapidly,withaproportionintheprimaryenergyconsumptionstructureincreasedconstantlyIn2021,China’smacro-economymadeagoodstarttothe14thFive-YearPlanperiod,withthecountry’snaturalgasconsumptionof369bcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof41bcmor12.5%.In2021,theproportionofnaturalgasconsumptioninChina’stotalprimaryenergyconsumptionroseto8.9%,anincreaseof0.5percentagepointsoverthepreviousyear.Intermsofconsumptionstructure,gasconsumptionforindustrialuseincreasedby14.4%year-on-year,accountingfor40%ofthetotalnaturalgasconsumption;gasconsumptionforelectricitygenerationincreasedby13.4%year-on-year,accountingfor18%;urbangasconsumptionincreasedby10.5%year-on-year,accountingfor32%;andgasconsumptionforchemicalandfertilizerusesincreasedby5.8%year-on-year,accountingfor10%.Intermsofconsumptionregion,Guangdong,Jiangsu,Sichuan,Shandong,andHebeiwereamongthetopfiveprovinces.TheconsumptioninGuangdongandJiangsubothexceeded30bcm,withagrowthrateof25.5%and2.2%respectively;andtheconsumptioninSichuan,ShandongandHebeiallexceeded20bcm.bEffortssteppedupinexplorationanddevelopment,withnewreservesandproductionreachednewhighsIn2021,China’sprovedreservesofnaturalgasincreasedby1.6284tcm,ofwhichprovedreservesofconventionalgas(includingtightgas),shalegasandcoalbedmethaneincreasedto805.1bcm,745.4bcmand77.9bcmrespectively.In2021,China’snaturalgasoutputwas207.6bcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof7.8%andanincreaseofmorethan10bcmforfiveconsecutiveyears.cNaturalgasimportsincreasedconstantly,andPNGimportsgrewfasterthanLNGIn2021,Chinaimported168bcmofnaturalgas,ayear-on-yearincreaseof19.9%.Amongthem,theimportvolumefromAustralia,Turkmenistan,Russia,theUnitedStates,QatarandMalaysiatotaled129bcm,accountingfor77%.TheimportvolumeofPNGwas59.1bcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof22.9%.TheimportvolumeofLNGwas108.9bcm,ayear-on-yearincreaseof18.3%.AustraliawasChina’slargestsourceofLNGimports,withanimportvolumeof43bcm,accountingfor39.4%,ayear-on-yearincreaseof7.7%;theUnitedStatessurpassedQatartobecomeChina’ssecondlargestsourceofLNGimports,withanimportvolumeof12.4bcm,accountingfor11.4%,ayear-on-yearincreaseof191.1%.dConstructionofnaturalgasinfrastructureaccelerated,resultinginarapidincreaseingasstoragecapacityIn2021,thetotalmileageofChina’smainnaturalgaspipelinesreached116,000kilometers.TheChangling–YongqingPipeline,theChenzhou-ShaoguansectionofNorth-southCentralPipeline,theeasternringlineofHainanPipelineNetwork,andtheLNGoutboundpipelineintheeastofGuangdongwerecompletedandputintooperation.TheconstructionofthemiddlesectionofWest-EastGasPipeline3andtheYongqing-ShanghaiPipelinebeganinanall-roundway.TheconstructionofWest-EastGasPipeline4wasapproved,andtheconstructionofSichuan-EastGasPipeline2wasaccelerated.Theconstructionofgasstoragefacilitieswasspeededup,withundergroundgasstoragesachievingmaximumcapacitybeforeheatingseason.In2021,China’sgasstoragecapacityhasincreased15.8%yearonyear,doubledinjustoverthreeyears.ePositiveresultsachievedinensuringnaturalgassupplyandstabilizingpricesUndertheunfavorablesituationofabnormallyhighandvolatileinternationaloilandgasprices,thedomesticnaturalgasmarketsawanincreaseinvolumeandastabilityinprices.Thewell-establishedgassupplyguaranteemechanismbasedonmarketandcontractsplayedafundamentalroleinregulatingandstabilizingthedevelopmentoftheindustry.Domesticgasandimportedgassourcesplayedaroleof“ballaststone”andlargecompanies,especiallystate-ownedcompanies,playedamajorroleinensuringnaturalgassupplyandstabilizingprices.Thebackbonepipelineoperatorsacceleratedtheinvestmentandconstructionofpipelinenetworksandvigorouslyimprovedthelevelofpipelinenetworkinterconnection,furtherincreasingthepeakgassupplycapacityofinfrastructureacrossthecountry.Alllocalitiesmadesolidandorderlygasregulationandemergencyplans,effectivelyensuringthegasdemandforpeople’slivelihood.“TheMeasuresfortheAdministrationofthePriceofNaturalGasPipelineTransportation(interim)”and“theMeasuresfortheSupervisionandExaminationofthePricingCostofNaturalGasPipelineTransportation(interim)”wereissuedtostrengthenthepricesupervisiontonaturalmonopoly.fWithremarkableachievementsmadeintacklingkeytechnologicalproblems,theabilityofindependentinnovationfurtherimprovedWithinnovativetechnologydevelopedforacceleratingdeepshalegasdrilling,Chinaachievedefficientandfastdrillinginlonghorizontalsections.Bytheendof2021,theshortestcyclefordeepshalegasdrillinginSichuanBasinwaslessthan30days,thedeepesttotaldepthwasover7,000meters,andthelongesthorizontalsectionreached3,601meters.Independentresearchanddevelopmentofanumberofmajorequipmentandkeytoolsfordeepandultra-deepnaturalgasdrillingwasachieved,withthetotaldepthofanumberofultra-deepwellshitarecordof8,500meters.Inthefieldofoffshoreoilandgas,“DeepSeaNo.1”gasfieldstartedoperation,witnessingtherealizationofthreeworld-classinnovationsandthesuccessfultacklingof12keyproblemsinequipmentlocalization.Anewmodeofintensiveconstructionofundergroundgasstorages(intensifiedstorages/clusters)wasintroduced,cooperativefluiddrainageandinjection-productionreservoirconstructiontechnologyofnewandoldwellsincomplexfaultblockreservoirswasinnovated,andtheconstructionschemeofthefirstcomplexandconnectedoldcavityreconstructionprojectofsaltcaverngasstorageinChinawascompleted.Theresearchanddevelopmentofmajortechnicalequipmentfornaturalgaspipelinesadvancedfurther.Forthefirsttime,theprincipleandmethodofelectromagneticarraydetectionforpipelinemetallossandcrackdefectswereproposed,andthefirstelectromagneticarraydetectorforoilandgaspipelinesof1,016mmindiameterwasdeveloped.NewSituationandRequirementsforChinasNaturalGasDeelopmentin2022EnergysecurityfacesnewchallengesasmoreuncertaintiesoccurredInrecentyears,theadjustmentoftheglobalenergypatternhasbeenaccelerated,andmarketvolatilityhasintensifiedsignificantly.GeopoliticaleventssuchastheUkrainecrisishaveaffectedthesmoothoperationoftheenergymarket.Theorderandoperationrulesoftheinternationalenergymarketarefacingnewchallenges.Energybottomlinesecurityhasbecomeacommonissueforallcountries.Atpresent,theintensityofglobalfossilenergyproductionandinfrastructureinvestmentstillcannotfullymeettheneedsofenergysecuritydevelopment.Consideringtherapiddevelopmentofnewenergy,themedium-andlong-termuncertaintyofglobalenergysecurityisincreasing.EuropeseekstoreduceitsdependenceonRussiannaturalgas.ThedemandforimportedLNGisrising.ThelinkageofnaturalgasmarketsinEurope,theUnitedStatesandAsiaisenhanced,andtheimpactofregionalsupplyanddemandrisksontheglobalnaturalgasmarketisfurthermagnified.The中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展報(bào)告(2022)中國(guó)天然氣發(fā)展報(bào)告(2022)ChinaNaturalGasDevelopmentReport(2022) ··PAGE13···PAGE12·newandoldrisksinthefieldofenergysecurityareintertwined.HowtoestablishandimprovetheriskpreventionandresponsemechanismandcontinuetopromotethesmoothoperationoftheindustrialchainandsupplychainisanewchallengeforthedevelopmentofnaturalgasinChina.Thegoalofbecominganenergypowerhousepushesthenaturalgasindustrytowardsh

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