中英文翻譯-煤與瓦斯突出預報研究現(xiàn)狀綜述

TheSummarizedStatusQuoOfTheCoalAndGasProminentForecastingStudy1coalandgasprominentmechanismsMechanisticstudiesonprominent,canbedividedintotwostages,namelythesearchforearlystageandhighlightthefactorsinfluencingtherecentexplorationprominentroleprocessstage.（1）Themainpointoftheearlyscholarsare:theroleofgas,andstresstheroleoftheory,integratedhypothesis.Integratedhypothesismorecomprehensiveconsiderationofaprominentdrivingforce(tostress,andgas)andresistance(coalintensity),thetwomainfactors,anddomesticandforeignscholarsgenerallyacceptedthatifacertainregiontostressisgreater,gascontent(pressure)higher,moresoftcoal,theregionhighlightthegreaterrisk.Extraction,locatedontheprominent,tostressandhighlight,gasandcoalphysicalnatureofthemechanicsoftheoriginalvalueoftheparameters,isalsolocatednearalargeextentdependsontheparametersofchange,namely,locatednearcoalYanstress,thepressuredistributionofgasandcoalchangesthenatureofphysicalstrength.Workingsidebeforethegreaterstressandgaspressuregradient,thelesscoalintensitybecomes,thegreateristheriskismuchconspicuous.（2）Mostscholarsbelieveismoreprominentroleintheprocessoffactors,basedonthis,manyscholarslaunchedgascoalcontainingspecificphysicaldestructionprocessresearch.①centerexpansiondoctrine.CoalandgasprominentfromadistanceawayfromtheDepartment,locatedatthecenter,thensurroundingexpansionbylaunchingcenteraroundarockacoalgassystemtoprovideenergyandinvolvementincoalandgasprominentlocationstostress,thepressureofgas,coalandthecoalisofrelativelybodystructureisuneven,aprominentcenterforatstressfocus,coalbodiescontributetothecreationoflargelowpermeabilitygaspressuregradient.CoalandgascontaininggasishighlightedinamovingcoaleffecttostressandporegasgascouplingaliteraryprocessinthepreparationstagetohighlightgascoalcontainingbodydamageoccurredRubianformedfissuresnetaftercross-gasenergywashedcoalphysicaldamageoccurredtohighlightthesalientpointsoftheextensiongivenagoodexplanation.②Fluidchangeshypothesis.Coalandgasarehighlightedinamovetocontaintheimpactofcoalgastostresscoupledwithagasporegasdevelopmentsprocess,inthepreparatoryphasecontaininggascoalprominentbodydamageoccurredRubianformedfissuresnetaftercoalgasenergyintocross-tornbodyofprominent,giventheperspectiveofanoutstandinggoodexplanation.③SecureflowcoupledShiwenhypothesis.Highlightisthebodyinthecoalcontaininggasextractionactivities,thelocalrapid,suddendestructiongenerationphenomenon,adeepandtheincreaseingaspressurewillhighlightthedangersoftheincrease..④Spheroidshelllosestabilityhypothesis.Theprocessistohighlighttherealstressdamagecoalphysical,andthereleaseofgascoalbody,andtheexpansionofgastocoalSportsfissuresformedSpheroidshelllosestabilitydestructionprocess.Coalphysicaldamageto42,164warrantscoalshellformation,expansionandShiwenoutforthemaincharacter.2prominentforecastingmethodsManyprominentscholarsaboutdomesticandabroad,throughstudyofthephenomenonanditsprecursors,havemademanyprominentforecastingmethodsthathaveoccurredinthefightagainstprominentandconspicuousdisasterlossreductionhasplayedanimportantrole.（1）Usetemperaturesforecastprominent.Coalbedinthehighlandsofstress(orhighstressconcentration)andtheroleofhigh-pressuregas,andgasadsorptionbysqueezingout,surroundingrockandcoalbodytemperaturetorise;Atthesametime,coalresponsetohighbodygatheredforamaximumdrillingdrillingthere,caughtdrilling,drillingandsprayedKongcardssuchprominentriskwarningphenomenon,anddrillingfootagehasslowed,drillingholeswithbitsofcoalwallfrictiontimegrowth,therebydrillingscraptemperaturerise.Tuesdaysteadythroughanalysisofcoalandgasprominentprocesstemperaturechangesofthemainfactorsistostress,pressureandcoalgasintensitybody,andthustemperaturereflectstheoutstandingcombinedrole,hefurtherdiscoveredthroughlaboratoryresearch,highlightingprocess,coalbodytemperaturetoriseafterloweringthatbodytemperaturethroughcontinuousobservationofcoaltoachieveoutstandingforecasting.Liangicethroughnumericalsimulationresultsalsoshowthatwhenthetemperaturegradientchangesinthelarger,coalandgaswilloccuroutstanding.ButsomescholarsofcoalgasasanevaluationbodytemperatureprominentriskindicatorsarguethatdrillingtemperatureandthetemperaturemarginPikmainlycoalminesaffectedbyatmospherictemperatureandwindismuchforthevolumeeffects.Andthecoalbedgasprominentrisknot.（2）Accordingtoelectromagneticradiationforecastingprominent.20Inthe1990s,Ho-autumn,Liucited,suchasforcoal,Wangenmillionlowintensityelectromagneticradiationeffectsbrokenrockdeformationstudied.Studieshaveshownthatelectromagneticradiationandtheloadofcoalandrockdeformationisabreakdownprocessassociatedbasicallywiththeloadanddeformationbrokentheincreaseinintensity.Furtherstudyalsofoundthattheriskofaprominentcoalbed,theintensityofelectromagneticradiation(worth),orpulseafewmorenoapparentincreasedrisk,andincreasingtrend.Linhaiyancontaininggas,coalfracturethroughthegeomagneticradiationexperimentsstudyfoundthatdamagefrombrokencoalgascontainingelectromagneticradiationdirectlyreflectstheworkofextractionofcoalbedsidebeforetheedgedamage,andthuscouldserveasaprominentforecastingmethods.（3）Useofthephenomenonfiredwarningconspicuous.Long-termcoalandgastohighlightresearchfoundthatthecoalofnon-uniformphysicalbody,whichexistvariousmicrofissures,andpore,resultinginthefailureofcoal,willbeforcingthewrongplaceshavestressconcentrationoccurredsuddenrupturetoaccumulateinthecoalquicklytothereleaseofenergy,andflexibilityintheformofwavefieldspreadandtheformationoffiringphenomenon.XinShekHinresearchbelievethatthelaunchofthetotalevents,bigeventsandenergyparameters-launchactivitiestobetterreflectthecharacteristicsoftotalincidentsincreasedinfrequency,bigsharpincreaseinincidents,Isthejudgepronouncedthewell.Wangenbillioninthelaboratorystudyfoundthatdespitethebreakdownofcoalrocksoundofthelaunchsignalisveryrich,butinthecoalmassdestructionprocessistachycardia,showsthedeformationofcoalmassdestructionprocesscannotbeconsecutive,buttachycardia,uneven,andincoalandgastobeoutstandingforecastingcontinuousmonitoring.（4）Accordingetc.forecastingprominent.Amovetomakethemassredistributionofstress,theinternalstructureofrocksmalladjustments,whichresultedinthereleaseofseismicenergy.TheActismainlyusedtomonitorshaftrockrupture,thetestresultsofthestudyshowedthatlowfrequencymulti-probesystemcancontinuouslymonitorcoaletc.bodystructure,stressconcentrationandchangescanforecasttheimpactofpotentialdamageandprominentlocationfortheeliminationofhighstressconcentrationareasandtakemeasurestoprovideabasis.High-frequencyinterferometrysystemcouldbeusedtomonitorvarioustypesofdamage.Usetwo(high-frequency,lowfrequency)interferometrytechnologynotonlytohighlightthepotentialgasCirclelocationcanforecastgasprominentplacetime.（5）Usingamarketpressureschangeforecastsprominent.Zhangzhimingthatsupportcoalintimatepressuremakesthefissures,andporebeencompressed(Hop),thegasflowpassagesareclosed,coalporelowerrateforthegaspressuretoincrease,andthattheaccumulationofcoalrockdeformationtoincreaseflexibility,whileunderminingcoalbody,thebodyinthecoalandcoalproducedparalleltothewallclosedfissures.increasedgasareaandtheroleofcoallowerbodyresistanceenginedamage.Therefore,thesizeandsupportspeakpressuregasprominentlocationandtheexistenceofrelations.（6）Accordinggaspouringoutofforecastingprominent.Andthelargenumberofprominentexamplesshowthatthereisaconsiderablenumberofprominent,locatedgaspouringoutofachange.Cengqingyanganalysisartillerytookupacoalbedstreet,locatedsourcesforcoalbedgasfloodingexposedfaceandmouthafterloadingcoal,andcoal-gasconcentrationsonthedissoluteimpactwillnotbelong,thus,thedissolutegasconcentrationsprimarilyreflectthegasislocated.Furtheranalysis,theprocessismuchgaspouringoutofoperationreflectsthechangesthathighstressandstreetfrontinShiwenstate,districtandhighgascontentincoalbodyeasilydamaged,whichispronetohighlightlots.WestGermanyHAikeerobservationanalysisIbnthanLungasconcentrationsinthecoalmine,locateddissolutefoundprominent,thehighgascontentinaconsistentvalue,andthatvaluelarger,wellhighlightpossible.（7）Forecastinggastoelectricfieldhighlight.Coalbedinthedestructionprocess,inadditiontoobviouseffectsofheat,ofelectromagneticradiation,andelectricpropertiesalsochangeaccordingly,butalsomayrepresentamovestressonimpact,themovementofgastobetransportedandcoalphysicaldamagelimitstressbandwidthdegrees,coalporerateandtheintensityofcoal,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,toelectricpowersituationandtheintensitychangesreflectingcurrentgasprominentparameterschange.RussiaB.T.Tarassovstudiesindicatethatthephenomenonofconspicuousmomentumoftenoccurredintheborderbeltandfissurespressuregeneratedprocessforward,theflexibilityofcoalfromthestateintopseudo-genre,accompaniedbyasharpelectricfieldtodisappear,leadingtotheadsorptioncapacitysignificantlyreducedaccordinglyascontaminatedasaresultofavalanchesofgas,gaspressuredoubledover,thestaticpressurecausedgaspressureandmovingfastrise.Toelectricpowersituationisoccurringgaslandedprominentsigns.Therefore,thelawofchangeinthetrendbaseelectricmotorforthegasmayhighlightSchedule.3Prominentwarningindicators3.1TemperatureindicatorsWandHongtuandso,throughtheboringlocatedprominentstudyofrisk，definedrillingscrapcoalbodytemperatureandthetemperatureassensitiveindicators.3.2RelativechangesintherateoffiringZhangWeimin,accordingtotheprocessofdestructionismuchcoalbedlaunchcharacteristicsofinspection,locatedfiredphenomenondiscoveredwhenmonitoringchangesintherelativefiringratesofcertainlargeNEcertainvalue,tobeprominent.3.3GasfloodingV30indicatorsManyscholarsinthestudyofgaspouringoutandhighlighttheinfluenceoftherelationshipbetweenrisk,thegeneraluseoftheentire30minandthevolumeofgaspouringoutofcoalthanblastingdownthevalueofV30toforecastprominent4ConclusionMeasurestoreducelossestoaminimumlevel.Evenso,intheuseofavailabletechnologyforcoalandgas,therearestillsomemajoroutstandingissuesconstrainingforecastingconvenience,rapidandaccuracy.（1）Althoughexperts,andscholarshaveputforwardmanyprominentwarningindicators,butsomeindicatorsofthesensitivityofprominentvaryhighlightthethresholdofchangewiththedifferentmineinadequate,suchastemperatureindicators;Someindicatorsareinagunandartilleryduginthecircumstances,conditionsnolongermeetmodernmechanizedoperations,suchasV30indicators.（2）Somemethodsofforecastingneed,locatedatpoints,andinthepracticalengineeringisstillacertainamount(seekinghittingdrillingmosquitolarvae,generaloperatinglongeroperational,butacertaindegreeofrisk.（3）Someforecastingmethodsfortheestablishmentofspecializedequipment,limitedworkingspacehamperedoperations.Sincecoalandgasprominentistheworldlargestcoalproducerintheminepitsofthemainproblemsfacingthecommon,coalandgastoachieveoutstandingfast,accurateforecastingistheurgentneedofsafeproduction.Inviewofthis,itisnecessarytoconductfurtherstudies,thesearchformoreeffectiveandmoreefficientmethodsofforecastingindicators.Becauseoftheexistingcontrolsystemusinggasmonitoringsensorstappotentialgasprominentwarninginformation,andachieveoutstandingforecastingisafeasiblesolution.煤與瓦斯突出預報研究現(xiàn)狀綜述1煤與瓦斯突出機理關于突出機理的研究，可以分為兩個階段，即早期的尋求突出的影響因素階段和近期的探索突出作用過程階段。（1）早期的學者提出的主要觀點有：瓦斯作用論、地應力作用論、綜合假說等。綜合假說較全面的考慮了突出動力(地應力、瓦斯)和阻力(煤強度)兩個方面的主要因素，因而得到國內(nèi)外學者的普遍認可，若某區(qū)域地應力越大，瓦斯含量(壓力)越高，煤越松軟，則該區(qū)域突出危險性越大。對采掘工作面突出而言，突出與地應力、瓦斯和煤物理力學性質各參數(shù)的原始值有關，還在很大程度上取決于近工作面各參數(shù)的變化，即工作面附近煤巖應力，瓦斯壓力的分布狀況和煤體強度性質的變化。工作面前方應力和瓦斯壓力梯度越大，煤強度越不均質，則工作面突出危險性也就越大。（2）大部分學者認為突出是多因素作用的過程，在此基礎上，眾多學者開展了含瓦斯煤體具體破壞過程的研究。①中心擴張學說。煤與瓦斯突出是從離工作面某一距離處的中心開始，而后向周圍擴展，由發(fā)動中心周圍的煤一巖石一瓦斯體系提供能量并參與活動，在煤與瓦斯突出地點地應力、瓦斯壓力、煤體結構和煤質是不均勻的，突出發(fā)動中心就處在應力集中點，煤體的低透氣性有助于建立大的瓦斯壓力梯度。②流變假說。煤與瓦斯突出是含瓦斯煤在采動影響后地應力與孔隙瓦斯氣體耦合的一種流變過程，在突出的準備階段含瓦斯煤體發(fā)生蠕變破壞形成裂隙網(wǎng)，之后瓦斯能量沖跨破壞的煤體發(fā)生突出，該觀點對延期突出給予了很好的解釋。③固流耦合失穩(wěn)假說。突出是含瓦斯煤體在采掘活動影響下，局部發(fā)生迅速、突然破壞而生成的現(xiàn)象，采深和瓦斯壓力的增加都將使突出發(fā)生的危險性增加。④球殼失穩(wěn)假說。突出的過程實質是地應力破壞煤體、煤體釋放瓦斯、瓦斯使煤體裂隙擴張并使形成的球殼失穩(wěn)破壞過程。煤體的破壞以球殼狀煤殼的形成、擴展以及失穩(wěn)拋出為主要特點。2突出預報方法國內(nèi)外眾多學者通過對突出的規(guī)律及其前兆現(xiàn)象的研究，提出了許多突出預報方法，這些方法在防治突出的發(fā)生及減小突出災害的損失中起到了重要的作用。(1)利用溫度異常預報突出。煤層在受到高地應力(或高應力集中)和高瓦斯壓力的作用下，由于擠壓和瓦斯吸附，圍巖和煤體溫度要上升；同時，煤體聚集高應變能，使打鉆時出現(xiàn)頂鉆、夾鉆、卡鉆和噴孔等突出危險性的前兆現(xiàn)象，并使鉆孔進尺速度減慢，鉆孔孔底煤壁與鉆頭摩擦時間增長，從而鉆屑溫度上升。郭立穩(wěn)等通過分析認為，煤與瓦斯突出過程中的溫度變化的主要影響因素是地應力、瓦斯壓力和煤體強度，因而溫度反映了突出的各因素的綜合作用，他進一步通過實驗室研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，突出過程中，煤體溫度先升高后降低，認為通過對煤體溫度進行連續(xù)觀測能夠實現(xiàn)突出預報。梁冰通過數(shù)值模擬，結果也表明，當溫度變化梯度較大時，將發(fā)生煤與瓦斯突出。但有一些學者對用煤體溫度作為評價瓦斯突出危險性指標持有異議，認為鉆孔溫度與煤壁溫度的差值主要是受礦井大氣溫度和工作面供風量的影響．與煤層瓦斯突出危險性關系不大。(2)根據(jù)電磁輻射預報突出。20世紀90年代初，何學秋、劉明舉、王恩元等對煤等強度較低巖石變形破裂電磁輻射效應進行了研究。研究結果表明，電磁輻射與煤巖體的載荷及變形破裂過程呈正相關，基本上隨著載荷及變形破裂強度的增加而增加。進一步的研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)場中有突出危險性的煤層，其電磁輻射強度(幅值)或脈沖數(shù)較沒有危險時明顯增大且呈增長趨勢。林海燕等通過對含瓦斯煤斷裂的地磁輻射實驗研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，含瓦斯煤斷裂破壞產(chǎn)生的電磁輻射直接反映了采掘工作面前方的煤層受力破壞情況，因而可作為突出預報方法。(3)利用聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象預報突出。長期的防治煤與瓦斯突出研究工作中發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于煤體的非均質體，其中存在各種微裂隙、孔隙等，以致煤巖體在受到外力作用時就會在這些缺陷部位產(chǎn)生應力集中，發(fā)生突發(fā)性破裂，使積聚在煤巖體中的能量得以釋放，且以彈性波的形式向外傳播，而形成聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象。石顯鑫等研究認為，聲發(fā)射的總事件、大事件和能量參數(shù)能較好地反映聲發(fā)射活動的特征，總事件的頻繁增多、大事件的急劇增加，是判別突出的預兆。王恩元在實驗室研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管煤巖體破裂時的聲發(fā)射信號非常豐富，但在煤巖體的破壞過程中是陣發(fā)性的，表明了煤巖體的變形破壞過程不是連續(xù)的，而是陣發(fā)性的、不均勻的，因而在進行煤與瓦斯突出預報時需進行連續(xù)監(jiān)測。(4)根據(jù)微震預報突出。采動使巖體發(fā)生應力的重新分布，巖石內(nèi)部結構發(fā)生小規(guī)模的調(diào)整，