廣東省肇慶市端州區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省肇慶市端州區(qū)2024--2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATodiscoverabreathtakingenclaveofChina’snaturalbeautyandtoimmerseyourselfinChinesereligiousandculturalhistory,onecanfindnobetterplacetovisitthanDinghuMountainScenicArea,whichislocatedinZhaoqingCity,GuangdongProvince.DinghuMountainNationalNatureReserveDinghuMountainisanaturepreserveinChinaknownforitsdiverseplants,animals,andbirdspecies,includingmanyunderstateprotection.IthasbeenaUNESCOInternationalManandBiosphereReserve(生物圈保護(hù)區(qū))since1956,attractingscientistsfromallovertheworld.WhentoGoThereservewasfoundedlargelyfortheprotectionofevergreenrainforeststhatliveofftheannualmonsoons(雨季).TherainscomeinAprilandstaytillJune,withtyphoonseasonfollowinginJulyandtypicallyseeingfourtyphoonsbeforetheendofSeptember.ThisleavesthetouristfromOctoberthroughMarchtovisitifheorshewishestostaydry.Bringaslicker(防水衣)ifitisthewetseasonandsunscreenifitissummer.WildlifeThereserve’splantandanimallifevarybyaltitude,offeringnumerousmini-habitats.Themountainhasevergreenandbroadleafforeststhatcover80%oftheterrain.Withouttheannualrains,itwoulddryupanddie,butit’satoweringjungleoflifewithmanymedicinalplants.LearnaboutChina’shistoryandbiospheresbeforearrivingtoappreciatethisnationaltreasuremore.SignuptousBethefirsttoreceiveexcitingupdates,exclusivepromotions,andvaluabletraveltipsfromourteamofexperts.1.Whichofthefollowingthingsarenotmentionedinthepassage?A.Naturalsituation. B.Naturalcondition.C.Sceneryaddress. D.Buddhisttemple.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesplendidlandscape?A.Themountaincanmaintainitsvitalitythankstotherains.B.ThelocalcertificationwasapprovedbyaChineseinstitution.C.Itisadvisabletoholduparaincoatduringthedryseason.D.TheadequateperiodtocomeintothesceneryisinJuly.3.Whatisthetext?A.Ageographytext B.Atouristnewsletter.C.Anewsannouncement. D.Asceneryintroduction.【答案】1.D2.A3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章詳細(xì)描述了鼎湖山的自然風(fēng)光、地理位置、最佳游覽時(shí)間以及豐富的野生動(dòng)植物資源?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TodiscoverabreathtakingenclaveofChina’snaturalbeautyandtoimmerseyourselfinChinesereligiousandculturalhistory,onecanfindnobetterplacetovisitthanDinghuMountainScenicArea,whichislocatedinZhaoqingCity,GuangdongProvince.(要發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)令人驚嘆的自然美景，并沉浸在中國(guó)的宗教和文化歷史中，沒有比位于廣東省肇慶市的鼎湖山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)更好的去處了)”可知，文章提到了鼎湖山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)的“風(fēng)景地址（Sceneryaddress）”；根據(jù)DinghuMountainNationalNatureReserve部分中“DinghuMountainisanaturepreserveinChinaknownforitsdiverseplants,animals,andbirdspecies,includingmanyunderstateprotection.(鼎湖山是中國(guó)的一個(gè)自然保護(hù)區(qū)，以其多樣的植物、動(dòng)物和鳥類物種而聞名，其中包括許多受國(guó)家保護(hù)的物種)”可知，文章提到了鼎湖山的“自然條件（Naturalcondition）”和“自然狀況（Naturalsituation）”；文章沒有提到“佛教寺廟（Buddhisttemple）”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Wildlife部分中“Withouttheannualrains,itwoulddryupanddie,butit’satoweringjungleoflifewithmanymedicinalplants.(如果沒有每年的雨水，它將會(huì)干枯而死，但它是一個(gè)高聳的生命叢林，擁有許多藥用植物)”可知，鼎湖山能夠保持其生機(jī)是因?yàn)橛晁?。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TodiscoverabreathtakingenclaveofChina’snaturalbeautyandtoimmerseyourselfinChinesereligiousandculturalhistory,onecanfindnobetterplacetovisitthanDinghuMountainScenicArea,whichislocatedinZhaoqingCity,GuangdongProvince.(要發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)令人驚嘆的自然美景，并沉浸在中國(guó)的宗教和文化歷史中，沒有比位于廣東省肇慶市的鼎湖山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)更好的去處了)”以及全文對(duì)鼎湖山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)的詳細(xì)介紹可知，本文是一篇旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹。故選D項(xiàng)。BNestledintheheartofamountainvillageinChina’sGuizhouprovince,thereisauniqueecologicalfamilyfarm.ItisrunbyKevinCillen,a28-year-oldBelgianwhoispassionateabouttheland.Withhisparentsandsiblings,theyhavecombinedWesternfarmingtechniqueswithlocalcountrysidepracticestocultivatean“ecologicaloasis”.Thefamily’spursuitoftheirfarmingdreaminChinabeganin2000,whenKevin’smotherHettyCillenvisitedChinaasavolunteerforthefirsttime.TheenchantinglandscapesandrichculturalheritageofGuizhoufascinatedher,causinghertomakethisforeigncountryherhome.Soonafter,hisfatherPatrickJanCillenjoinedher.In2017,thefamilyrentedaplotamidtheforesttoestablishanecologicalfarmwheretheylaidthefoundation,levelingtheland,sowingpasturesandrearinglambsandchicks.Thelocalshaveopenlyembracedtheforeigners,invitingthemtofestivitiesandcelebratingtraditionalChineseholidaystogether.In2018,YangChengkai,a34-year-oldvillager,befriendedthefamily,oftenassistingthemonthefarm.“Thecommunityhasembracedthisfamily.Eventhevendorsatthelocalmarketcontributebygivingthemvegetablescrapsforfreetofeedtheirlivestock.”Yangsays.Thefamilyfarm,hiddenwithinthedenseforest,isproofofGuizhou’secologicalprogress.Thefarmpracticesdiversifiedgrasscultivationforhigh-qualityanimalfeed,usessolarpanelsforcleanenergyandemploysrainwaterharvestingsystemsforastablewatersupply.LivinginChina,the28-year-oldBelgianhaswitnessedthecountry’sremarkablechanges.HehasalsoseizedtheopportunitiesoftheInternetandnewmediatoincreasethefarm’svisibility.PartneringwithQiuYe,asocialmediainfluencer,hehassetupaccountslike“Kevin’sfamilyinGuizhou”onvariousplatforms.BysharingtheirdailylivesonthefarmandthenaturalbeautyofruralChina,theircontenthasquicklyearnedover700,000subscribers.4.WhatmadeHettyCillendecidetosettleinGuizhou?A.Thenaturalbeauty. B.Volunteerwork.C.Aresearchproject. D.Careerprospects.5.HowdoesthefamilyfarmcontributetoecologicalprogressinGuizhou?A.Bycreatingjobsforthelocals. B.ByintroducingWesternequipment.C.Bypracticingsustainablewayoffarming. D.Byfacilitatingeco-tourismandgreenliving.6.HowhasKevinpromotedthefarm?A.Hehascreatedawebsite. B.Hehassetupsocialmediaaccounts.C.Hehasitadvertisedbylocalvillagers. D.Hehasorganizedeventsforsubscribers.7.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BelgiansHarvestaGoodFarmLifeinGuizhouB.BelgiansGetEnchantedbytheBeautyofGuizhouC.BelgiansBecomeaSocialMediaInfluencerinChinaD.BelgiansLiveinaLocalChineseCommunity【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了比利時(shí)人KevinCillen和他的家人在中國(guó)貴州省的一個(gè)山村經(jīng)營(yíng)生態(tài)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的故事，他們結(jié)合西方農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)和當(dāng)?shù)剜l(xiāng)村實(shí)踐，創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)“生態(tài)綠洲”，并見證了中國(guó)的巨大變化。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thefamily’spursuitoftheirfarmingdreaminChinabeganin2000,whenKevin’smotherHettyCillenvisitedChinaasavolunteerforthefirsttime.TheenchantinglandscapesandrichculturalheritageofGuizhoufascinatedher,causinghertomakethisforeigncountryherhome.（這個(gè)家庭在中國(guó)追求他們的農(nóng)業(yè)夢(mèng)想始于2000年，當(dāng)時(shí)Kevin的母親HettyCillen第一次作為中國(guó)志愿者來(lái)到中國(guó)。貴州迷人的風(fēng)景和豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)讓她著迷，使她把這個(gè)外國(guó)當(dāng)成了自己的家。）”可知，貴州迷人的風(fēng)景和豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)讓HettyCillen著迷，所以她決定定居在貴州。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thefamilyfarm,hiddenwithinthedenseforest,isproofofGuizhou’secologicalprogress.Thefarmpracticesdiversifiedgrasscultivationforhigh-qualityanimalfeed,usessolarpanelsforcleanenergyandemploysrainwaterharvestingsystemsforastablewatersupply.（隱藏在茂密森林中的家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)是貴州生態(tài)進(jìn)步的證明。農(nóng)場(chǎng)種植多樣化的草料以提供高質(zhì)量的動(dòng)物飼料，使用太陽(yáng)能電池板提供清潔能源，并采用雨水收集系統(tǒng)以確保穩(wěn)定的水源。）”可知，這個(gè)家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)通過實(shí)踐可持續(xù)的農(nóng)業(yè)方式來(lái)促進(jìn)貴州的生態(tài)進(jìn)步。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“PartneringwithQiuYe,asocialmediainfluencer,hehassetupaccountslike‘Kevin’sfamilyinGuizhou’onvariousplatforms.（他與社交媒體網(wǎng)紅邱野合作，在各種平臺(tái)上開設(shè)了‘Kevin在貴州的家人’等賬號(hào)。）”可知，Kevin通過在各種平臺(tái)上開設(shè)賬號(hào)來(lái)推廣農(nóng)場(chǎng)。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其結(jié)合第一段“NestledintheheartofamountainvillageinChina’sGuizhouprovince,thereisauniqueecologicalfamilyfarm.ItisrunbyKevinCillen,a28-year-oldBelgianwhoispassionateabouttheland.Withhisparentsandsiblings,theyhavecombinedWesternfarmingtechniqueswithlocalcountrysidepracticestocultivatean‘ecologicaloasis’.（坐落在中國(guó)貴州省一個(gè)山村的中心，有一個(gè)獨(dú)特的生態(tài)家庭農(nóng)場(chǎng)。它由28歲的比利時(shí)人KevinCillen經(jīng)營(yíng)，他對(duì)這片土地充滿熱情。他們與父母和兄弟姐妹一起，將西方農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)與當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)村實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，培育出一片‘生態(tài)綠洲’）”可知，本文主要講述了比利時(shí)人KevinCillen和他的家人在中國(guó)貴州省經(jīng)營(yíng)生態(tài)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的故事。所以，A項(xiàng)“BelgiansHarvestaGoodFarmLifeinGuizhou（比利時(shí)人在貴州收獲美好的農(nóng)場(chǎng)生活）”最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。CIntheRomantimesandthroughouttheMiddleAges,saltwasavaluablecommodity(商品),andalsoservedas“whitegold”.SoldiersintheRomanarmyweresometimespaidwithsaltinsteadofmoney.Theirmonthlyallowancewascalled“salarium”(“sal”beingtheLatinwordforsalt).ThisLatinrootcanberecognizedintheFrenchword“salaire”anditeventuallymadeitintoEnglishastheword“salary”.Languageissomethingwetakeforgranted.However,astheexamplewiththeword“salary”shows,languagesarenotstatic.Likebiologicalspecies,languageschangeovertime,andsometimesdeveloptogiverisetoseveraldescendant(后代)languages.Forexample,French,Italian,andSpanishareamongthelanguagesthathaveevolvedfromLatin.Andlikespecies,languagescangoextinct,too.Givenallthesesimilarities,linguists(語(yǔ)言學(xué)家)whostudytheevolutionoflanguagesoftenusetoolsthataresimilartothoseusedbyevolutionarybiologists.Onesuchtoolisthereconstructionofaspeciestree.Suchatreeshowstheevolutionaryhistoryandrelationshipswithinagivengroupofbiologicalspecies.Usingareconstructedspeciestree,evolutionarybiologistscanofteninferspecificcharacteristicsofancestralspecies.Ortheycanmatchupcommonancestorsinthetreewithactualfossilsthathavebeenfoundbypaleontologists(古生物學(xué)家).Thisallowsthemtoputrealdatesatvariousbranchingpointsinthetree.Thus,speciestreereconstructionisanessentialtoolinstudyingbiologicalevolution.Asimilartechniquecanbeusedtostudylanguageevolutionbecauselanguagesalsoevolveandconsistofwordsthatcanbeeasilycompared.Indeed,linguistshavereconstructedentirelanguagetrees.Andaswithspeciestrees,characteristicsofancientancestrallanguagescanbederived(衍生)fromthem.Ofcourse,therealsoaresomedifferencesbetweenspeciesevolutionandlanguageevolution,eachrequiringuniqueadditionalmethodstostudythemindetail.But,overall,itisfascinatingtoseehowthebasicideasandresearchtoolsoflanguageevolutionaresimilartothoseofbiologicalevolution.8.Whydoestheauthormentiontheword“salary”inparagraph1?A.Toillustratetheevolutionoflanguage.B.TopresenttheeffectofLatinonlanguages.C.Tostressthevalueofsaltinancienttimes.D.Toshowdevelopmentsinlinguistictheory.9.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2?A.Culturaldiversityandbiodiversityarelinked.B.Speciesandlanguageshavealotincommon.C.Human-causedmassextinctionisaccelerating.D.Languagesinfluenceandlearnfromeachother.10.Whatcanweknowaboutthereconstructedspeciestree?A.Itiscurrentlyinthedesignstage. B.Itfacilitatestheresearchoflinguists.C.Itcanbeusedinavarietyofways. D.Itisthefirstchoiceforbiologists.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheLanguageSystemEvolvedOverTimeB.TheTwinExtinctionsofSpeciesandLanguagesC.SaltPlayedaCrucialRoleinEarlyHumanHistoryD.FromSalttoSalary:LinguistsTakeaPagefromBiology【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了語(yǔ)言進(jìn)化與生物進(jìn)化有眾多相似之處，語(yǔ)言學(xué)家從研究自然物種演變的“物種樹”中獲取靈感，創(chuàng)建了“語(yǔ)言樹”?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。第一段介紹了英語(yǔ)中的“salary”一詞的由來(lái)。下文介紹了語(yǔ)言進(jìn)化同物種進(jìn)化之間的相似性，這種相似性啟發(fā)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家創(chuàng)建類似于物種樹的語(yǔ)言樹，幫助推進(jìn)語(yǔ)言研究。由此可推斷，作者在第一段提及“salary”是為了說明語(yǔ)言在不斷演變。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Likebiologicalspecies,languageschangeovertime,andsometimesdeveloptogiverisetoseveraldescendant(后代)languages.Forexample,French,Italian,andSpanishareamongthelanguagesthathaveevolvedfromLatin.Andlikespecies,languagescangoextinct,too.(就像生物物種一樣，語(yǔ)言隨著時(shí)間的推移而改變，有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)展出幾種后代語(yǔ)言。例如，法語(yǔ)、意大利語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)就是從拉丁語(yǔ)演變而來(lái)的語(yǔ)言之一。而且和物種一樣，語(yǔ)言也可能滅絕)”可知，就像生物物種一樣，語(yǔ)言會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而變化，有時(shí)會(huì)“物種化”，產(chǎn)生幾種后代語(yǔ)言。就像物種一樣，語(yǔ)言也會(huì)滅絕。由此可推斷，物種和語(yǔ)言有很多相似之處。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三、四、五段內(nèi)容可知，語(yǔ)言進(jìn)化與生物進(jìn)化有很多相似之處，因此，一些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家經(jīng)常使用與進(jìn)化生物學(xué)家使用的工具相似的工具。物種樹是幫助進(jìn)化生物學(xué)家研究生物進(jìn)化的重要工具，同時(shí)也為語(yǔ)言學(xué)家提供了靈感，促進(jìn)了語(yǔ)言學(xué)家的研究。故選B項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。作者在第一段以英語(yǔ)中的“salary”一詞的例子說明了語(yǔ)言也在進(jìn)化，進(jìn)而在下文介紹物種和語(yǔ)言有很多相似之處，物種樹啟示語(yǔ)言學(xué)家創(chuàng)建語(yǔ)言樹來(lái)推動(dòng)語(yǔ)言的研究。D項(xiàng)能概括本文大意。故選D項(xiàng)。DHere’saquickquiz.PersonAdoesafavorforyou.PersonBasksyoutodoafavorforhim.Whodoyoutendtolikemore?Surprisingly,theanswerisPersonB.Thisquirk(怪癖)ofhumannatureisknownastheBenFranklinEffect.BenjaminFranklincameacrossthephenomenonin1736whenservingasaclerktothePennsylvaniaAssembly.Apowerfulmemberdidn’tcareforFranklinandthreatenedtomakelifemiserableforhim.Whattodo?Insteadofwinninghimoverwithsweettalk,Franklinaskedifhecouldborrowarareandvaluablebookthemanowned.Thisrequestalteredtheman’sattitudeandpavedthewayfortheirfriendship.Franklin’stakeaway:“Hethathasoncedoneyouakindnesswillbereadytodoyouanother,thanhewhomyouyourselfhaveobliged.”Severalstudieshaveconfirmedthis.ButhowcanweexplaintheBenFranklinEffect?Somepsychologistsrefertocognitivedissonance(失調(diào)).It’sdifficulttoholdtwocontradictorythoughtsatthesametime.Itmakesusuncomfortable.Weresolvethistensionbychangingourmind.“Idon’tlikeJoe,butIamdoinghimafavor,”wemightthink.“SomaybeIdolikehim.”Whilecognitivedissonanceexplainsalot,italonedoesn’texplaintheBenFranklinEffect.One2015studyfoundthatitwas,rather,theaffiliative(親和的)motivethattherequestsconvey.Thatis,wehumanswanttomaintaingoodrelationswithotherhumans,andonewaytoachievethisisbydoingfavorsforothers.Thisexplainsalotaboutaltruisticbehavior.Welikebeingusefuland,byextension,welikethosewhogiveustheopportunitytodoso.It’sinourgenes.Yetthereismuchwestilldon’tknowabouttheBenFranklinEffect.Doesitapplyequallyacrosscultures?Isthereapointbeyondwhichaskingafavormakesyouless,notmorelikable?Askingtoborrowabookisonething;askingtoborrowacarisanother.12.WhydoestheauthormentionBenjaminFranklin’sexperience?A.Toillustrateadilemmainmakingchoices.B.Tosuggestawayofstrikingupfriendships.C.Tostresstheimportanceofstrategicrequests. D.TointroducetheoriginoftheBenFranklinEffect.13.Whatisareasonforpeople’stendencytolikethoseaskingforfavors?A.Reducingthetensioncausedbysocialcontact.B.Increasingthechanceofgettinghelpinreturn.C.Avoidingthediscomfortfromconflictingthoughts.D.Establishingacooperativecommunityofsharedtrust.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruistic”probablymeaninparagraph4?A.Selfless. B.Impolite. C.Aggressive. D.Responsible.15.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheBenFranklinEffect?A.Itmakeslittlesense. B.Itappliestomostcultures.C.Ithassituationallimitations. D.Ithasgreatpracticalsignificance.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Surprisingly,theanswerisPersonB.Thisquirk(怪癖)ofhumannatureisknownastheBenFranklinEffect.(令人驚訝的是，答案是B型這種人性的怪癖被稱為本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)。)”和第二段的“BenjaminFranklincameacrossthephenomenonin1736whenservingasaclerktothePennsylvaniaAssembly.Apowerfulmemberdidn’tcareforFranklinandthreatenedtomakelifemiserableforhim.Whattodo?Insteadofwinninghimoverwithsweettalk,Franklinaskedifhecouldborrowarareandvaluablebookthemanowned.Thisrequestalteredtheman’sattitudeandpavedthewayfortheirfriendship.Franklin’stakeaway:“Hethathasoncedoneyouakindnesswillbereadytodoyouanother,thanhewhomyouyourselfhaveobliged.”(本杰明·富蘭克林(BenjaminFranklin)在1736年擔(dān)任賓夕法尼亞州議會(huì)書記員時(shí)遇到了這種現(xiàn)象。一個(gè)有權(quán)有勢(shì)的成員不喜歡富蘭克林，并威脅要讓他的生活很痛苦。該怎么辦？富蘭克林沒有用甜言蜜語(yǔ)來(lái)說服他，而是問他是否可以借他擁有的一本珍貴的書。這個(gè)請(qǐng)求改變了男人的態(tài)度，為他們的友誼鋪平了道路。富蘭克林的結(jié)論是：“曾經(jīng)善待過你的人，會(huì)比你所善待的人更愿意為你做另一件事?！?”可推斷，作者提到本杰明·富蘭克林的經(jīng)歷為了介紹“本杰明·富蘭克林效應(yīng)”的起源。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Somepsychologistsrefertocognitivedissonance(失調(diào)).It’sdifficulttoholdtwocontradictorythoughtsatthesametime.Itmakesusuncomfortable.(一些心理學(xué)家稱之為認(rèn)知失調(diào)。同時(shí)持有兩種相互矛盾的思想是很難的。這讓我們感到不舒服。)”

可知，人們傾向于喜歡尋求幫助的人是因?yàn)檎J(rèn)知失調(diào)，即避免持有矛盾的想法帶來(lái)的不適。故選C?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前文“One2015studyfoundthatitwas,rather,theaffiliative(親和的)motivethattherequestsconvey.Thatis,wehumanswanttomaintaingoodrelationswithotherhumans,andonewaytoachievethisisbydoingfavorsforothers.(2015年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，更確切地說，這是請(qǐng)求所傳達(dá)的親和動(dòng)機(jī)。也就是說，我們?nèi)祟愊Ｍc他人保持良好的關(guān)系，而實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的一種方式就是幫助他人。)”以及下文“Welikebeingusefuland,byextension,welikethosewhogiveustheopportunitytodoso.It’sinourgenes.(我們喜歡成為有用的人，推而廣之，我們喜歡那些給我們這樣做機(jī)會(huì)的人。這是我們的基因。)”可推斷，劃線詞所在句說明人類希望通過幫助他人來(lái)保持良好的關(guān)系，這解釋了無(wú)私的行為，因此推斷畫線詞與selfless“無(wú)私的”意思相近。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Yetthereismuchwestilldon’tknowabouttheBenFranklinEffect.Doesitapplyequallyacrosscultures?Isthereapointbeyondwhichaskingafavormakesyouless,notmorelikable?Askingtoborrowabookisonething;askingtoborrowacarisanother.(然而，我們對(duì)本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)還有很多不了解的地方。它在不同文化中都適用嗎？有沒有一個(gè)點(diǎn)，超過了這個(gè)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)求別人幫忙會(huì)讓你更不討人喜歡，而不是更討人喜歡？借書是一回事；向別人借車是另一回事。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為本·富蘭克林效應(yīng)有情境限制。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題,每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inthedynamicworldoffitness,wheretreadmills(跑步機(jī))humandweightsclink,anemergingconcernforsustainabilityisreshapingthegymexperience.____16____?Inthisguide,we’llnavigatethroughkeyaspectsofeco-consciousfitnesstohelpyoufigureoutifyourgymisonthesustainabletrack.●Energy-efficientequipmentAsustainablegymstartswiththetoolsthatpushyourworkout.Modernfitnessequipmentisevolvingbeyondthepursuitofpersonalrecords.____17____.Energy-efficientmachines,equippedwithregenerativebrakingsystemsandsmarttechnology,employthepowergeneratedduringworkoutstobalanceelectricityconsumption.Lookattheverytoolsthatpoweryourworkout.Arethemachinesequippedwithenergy-efficientfeatures?Dotheyemploytheenergygeneratedduringworkoutstocontributebacktothegym’spowerneeds?●____18____Theinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)ofagymplaysacrucialroleinitssustainabilityjourney.Theuseofeco-friendlymaterials,energy-efficientlightingandstrategicdesignfornaturalaircirculationarekeyelementsofagreenfitnessspace.Exploretheinfrastructureofyourgym.Doestheoveralldesignfacilitatenaturalaircirculationandusesustainableconstructionpractices?●WastemanagementAsyouaresweatingitoutatthegym,whathappenstothewastegenerated?Sustainablefitnessspacesprioritizecomprehensivewastemanagementsystems.____19____.Directyourattentiontohowyourgymmanageswaste.Aretherevisiblerecyclingprogramsforplastics,paperandothercommongymmaterials?Doesthegymuseeco-friendlycleaningproducts,demonstratingacommitmenttominimizingitsenvironmentalimpact?●Renewableenergyintegration____20____,butsustainablefitnessfacilitiesfindinnovativewaystoemployrenewableenergy.Solarpanelsandotherrenewableenergysourcesareintegratedintothegym’sinfrastructuretooffsetpowerconsumption,reducingthefacility’scarbonfootprintandcontributingtoagreenerenergylandscape.Investigatewhetheryourgymistappingintorenewableenergysources.Aretheresolarpanelsorwindturbinesintegratedintotheinfrastructure?A.ThisinvolvesrecyclingprogramsforcommongymmaterialsB.GreenbuildingpracticesC.AdaptablefitnessfacilitiesD.ButhowdoyouknowifyourgymistrulysustainableE.TheenergydemandsofabusygymcanbeconsiderableF.It’snowcontributingtothejointeffortsforagreenerplanetG.Aretheresignsthatyourworkoutincreasescarbonfootprint【答案】16.D17.F18.B19.A20.E【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了辨別一個(gè)健身房是否環(huán)保、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的方法。【16題詳解】上文“Inthedynamicworldoffitness,wheretreadmills(跑步機(jī))humandweightsclink,anemergingconcernforsustainabilityisreshapingthegymexperience.(在充滿活力的健身世界里，跑步機(jī)嗡嗡作響，重物叮當(dāng)作響，對(duì)可持續(xù)性的新關(guān)注正在重塑健身房體驗(yàn))”說明人們?cè)陉P(guān)注健身房是否是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的，以及下文“Inthisguide,we’llnavigatethroughkeyaspectsofeco-consciousfitnesstohelpyoufigureoutifyourgymisonthesustainabletrack.(在這則指南中，我們將瀏覽生態(tài)意識(shí)健身的關(guān)鍵方面，以幫助你了解你的健身房是否在可持續(xù)發(fā)展的軌道上)”說明這則指南將幫助你了解你的健身房是否是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的，D項(xiàng)“但你怎么知道你的健身房是否真正可持續(xù)”提出問題，承接上文，并引出下文的回答，符合題意。故選D?！?7題詳解】上文“Asustainablegymstartswiththetoolsthatpushyourworkout.Modernfitnessequipmentisevolvingbeyondthepursuitofpersonalrecords.(一個(gè)可持續(xù)的健身房從推動(dòng)你鍛煉的工具開始?，F(xiàn)代健身器材正在超越對(duì)個(gè)人記錄的追求)”可持續(xù)健身房會(huì)推動(dòng)健身器材超越對(duì)個(gè)人記錄的追求，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在，它正在為建設(shè)一個(gè)更綠色的星球的共同努力做出貢獻(xiàn)”承接上文，進(jìn)一步說明其作用，符合題意。故選F?！?8題詳解】下文“Theinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)ofagymplaysacrucialroleinitssustainabilityjourney.Theuseofeco-friendlymaterials,energy-efficientlightingandstrategicdesignfornaturalaircirculationarekeyelementsofagreenfitnessspace.(健身房的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施在其可持續(xù)發(fā)展之旅中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。使用環(huán)保材料、節(jié)能照明和自然空氣循環(huán)的戰(zhàn)略設(shè)計(jì)是綠色健身空間的關(guān)鍵要素)”說明健身房的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施在可持續(xù)發(fā)展中扮演重要角色。使用環(huán)保材料、節(jié)能照明和自然通風(fēng)的巧妙設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)綠色健身空間的關(guān)鍵，B項(xiàng)“綠色建筑實(shí)踐”引出下文內(nèi)容，適合作為段落主題句。故選B?！?9題詳解】上文“Sustainablefitnessspacesprioritizecomprehensivewastemanagementsystems.(可持續(xù)健身空間優(yōu)先考慮全面的廢物管理系統(tǒng))”說明可持續(xù)發(fā)展的健身房會(huì)將細(xì)致的廢棄物管理系統(tǒng)放在首位，A項(xiàng)“這涉及對(duì)常見健身房材料的回收計(jì)劃”承接上文，進(jìn)一步說明其具體的做法，與回收健身房材料相關(guān)，符合題意。故選A。【20題詳解】下文“butsustainablefitnessfacilitiesfindinnovativewaystoemployrenewableenergy.Solarpanelsandotherrenewableenergysourcesareintegratedintothegym’sinfrastructuretooffsetpowerconsumption,reducingthefacility’scarbonfootprintandcontributingtoagreenerenergylandscape.(但可持續(xù)的健身設(shè)施找到了利用可再生能源的創(chuàng)新方法。太陽(yáng)能電池板和其他可再生能源被整合到健身房的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中，以抵消電力消耗，減少設(shè)施的碳足跡，并有助于打造更綠色的能源景觀)”說明可持續(xù)發(fā)展的健身房中健身設(shè)施可以減少設(shè)施的碳足跡，E項(xiàng)“繁忙健身房的能量需求可能相當(dāng)大”介紹客觀情況，與下文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出下文介紹的可持續(xù)發(fā)展健身房的益處，符合題意。故選E。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MygrandmothersuffersfromAlzheimer’sdisease.Seeingherconditionworsenovertime,andknowingIcoulddonothing,createdafeelingof____21____inme.Astheyearspassedandmyunderstandingofthediseasegrew,myfrustrationturnedfirsttoanger,thenresignation(順從),andfinally____22____.Thoughthediseasewasboundtoslowlyeatawayather,therewerewaysto____23____itsprogress.Everynightthetwoofuswouldsittogetherand____24____whilemygrandmotherwouldcountbeans.Theexercisecouldhelptokeephermentally____25____.Graduallyhercountingbecameslower,andshewouldlosetrackofthingsmore____26____.Whileatnightwewouldcountbeans,inthedayIinvolvedmyselfinstudiesof____27____.Myearlierfeelingsofdespairgavewayto____28____;advancesingeneticengineeringofferedthepossibilitythatonedaythoselikemygrandmothercouldbecured,or____29____fromdevelopingAlzheimer’sinthefirstplace.Seeingmygrandmotherslipaway____30____metotakebiologycoursestolearnmoreaboutcells,thenervoussystem,andgeneticinformation,whichhelpedmebetterunderstandhowour____31____ofthisdiseasehasgrowninthepastdecade.____32____IbegantoseenewpossibilitiesforpreventingdiseaseslikeAlzheimer’s.Nowadays,mygrandmothercannotcountbeansanymoreanddoesn’t____33____meatall.OncesheusedtotellmestoriesandIwhisperedtoherallmyproblems.NowIama____34____toher.HowIwishonedayIcouldcontributetoafuture,wherenochildhastowatchtheirgrandmothercountthe____35____theyhavelefttogether.21.A.regret B.dilemma C.annoyance D.hopelessness22.A.pity B.sympathy C.tolerance D.acceptance23.A.stop B.slow C.change D.accelerate24.A.chat B.sigh C.think D.complain25.A.strong B.sharp. C.busy D.fresh26.A.easily B.naturally C.slowly D.painfully27.A.nursing B.biology C.companion D.psychology28.A.anxiety B.calmness C.optimism D.indifference29.A.excused B.defended C.prevented D.separated30.A.urged B.forced C.required D.motivated31.A.concern B.sympathyC.knowledge D.experience32.A.Instantly B.Gradually C.Temporarily D.Accidentally33.A.miss B.expect C.notice D.recognize34.A.listener B.follower C.stranger D.watcher35.A.time B.beans C.money D.stories【答案】21.D22.D23.B24.A25.B26.A27.B28.C29.C30.D31.C32.B33.D34.C35.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者陪伴患老年癡呆癥奶奶一起生活的故事。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：看著她的病情隨著時(shí)間的推移而惡化，知道我無(wú)能為力，我產(chǎn)生了一種絕望的感覺。A.regret后悔；B.dilemma困境；C.annoyance煩惱；D.hopelessness絕望。由上文“Icoulddonothing”可知，這是很“絕望”的感覺。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著歲月的流逝，我對(duì)這種疾病的了解與日俱增，我的沮喪首先變成了憤怒，然后是順從，最后是接受。A.pity可憐；B.sympathy同情；C.tolerance容忍；D.acceptance接受。由上文“anger,thenresignation”以及語(yǔ)境可知，作者最后“接受”了事實(shí)。故選D項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管這種疾病一定會(huì)慢慢折磨她，但還是有辦法減緩它的進(jìn)展。A.stop停止；B.slow減緩；C.change改變；D.accelerate加快。由下文“mygrandmotherwouldcountbeans”可知，作者用奶奶數(shù)豆子的方式來(lái)“減緩”疾病的惡化。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每天晚上，我們倆坐在一起聊天，而我奶奶則數(shù)豆子。A.chat聊天；B.sigh嘆氣；C.think思考；D.complain抱怨。由上文“sittogether”以及語(yǔ)境可知，作者和奶奶坐一起“聊天”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)可以幫助她保持精神敏銳。A.strong強(qiáng)的；B.sharp鋒利的，敏銳的；C.busy忙的；D.fresh新鮮的。由上文“mygrandmotherwouldcountbeans”以及語(yǔ)境可知，這里指數(shù)豆子可以幫助作者奶奶保持精神“敏銳”，延緩老年癡呆。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：漸漸地，她的計(jì)數(shù)速度變慢了，她也更容易忘記事情。A.easily容易地；B.naturally自然地；C.slowly慢慢地；D.painfully痛苦地。由上文“Graduallyhercountingbecameslower”可知，作者奶奶老年癡呆癥越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重了，所以更“容易”忘事。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：晚上我們會(huì)數(shù)豆子，白天我會(huì)研究生物學(xué)。A.nursing護(hù)理；B.biology生物學(xué)；C.companion陪同；D.psychology心理學(xué)。由下文“metotakebiologycoursestolearnmoreaboutcells”可知，作者在研究“生物學(xué)”。故選B項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我早些時(shí)候的絕望感讓位于最佳狀態(tài)；基因工程的進(jìn)步提供了一種可能性，即有一天，像我奶奶這樣的人可以被治愈，或者從一開始就避免患上阿爾茨海默氏癥。A.anxiety焦慮；B.calmness冷靜；C.optimism樂觀主義；D.indifference冷漠。由下文“advancesingeneticengineeringofferedthepossibilitythatonedaythoselikemygrandmothercouldbecured”可知，作者變得“樂觀”，相信有一天阿爾茨海默氏癥可以避免或者治療。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我早些時(shí)候的絕望感讓位于最佳狀態(tài)；基因工程的進(jìn)步提供了一種可能性，即有一天，像我奶奶這樣的人可以被治愈，或者從一開始就避免患上阿爾茨海默氏癥。A.excused原諒；B.defended為……辯護(hù)；C.prevented預(yù)防；D.separated分開。由上文“couldbecured”可知，作者期待阿爾茨海默氏癥可以被治療或者“預(yù)防”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：看到奶奶越來(lái)越健忘，我開始學(xué)習(xí)生物學(xué)課程，更多地了解細(xì)胞、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和遺傳信息，這幫助我更好地了解我們對(duì)這種疾病的了解在過去十年中是如何增長(zhǎng)的。A.urged催促；B.forced強(qiáng)制；C.required要求；D.motivated激勵(lì)。由上文“Seeingmygrandmotherslipaway”可知，看到奶奶的狀況“激勵(lì)”作者選擇學(xué)習(xí)生物學(xué)課程，希望更好幫助奶奶。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：看到奶奶越來(lái)越健忘，我開始學(xué)習(xí)生物學(xué)課程，更多地了解細(xì)胞、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和遺傳信息，這幫助我更好地了解我們對(duì)這種疾病的了解在過去十年中是如何增長(zhǎng)的。A.concern關(guān)心；B.sympathy同情；C.knowledge知識(shí)，了解；D.experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)。由上文“cells,thenervoussystem,andgeneticinformation”可知，作者希望通過學(xué)習(xí)這些更多“了解”這種疾病。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：漸漸地，我開始看到預(yù)防阿爾茨海默氏癥等疾病的新可能性。A.Instantly立刻地；B.Gradually逐漸地；C.Temporarily暫時(shí)地；D.Accidentally意外地。由下文“newpossibilitiesforpreventingdiseaseslikeAlzheimer’s”以及語(yǔ)境可知，“逐漸地”，作者期待像這樣的疾病可以被預(yù)防。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如今，我的奶奶再也不會(huì)數(shù)豆子了，根本認(rèn)不出我了。A.miss想念；B.expect期待；C.notice注意到；D.recognize認(rèn)出。由上文“mygrandmothercannotcountbeansanymore”以及語(yǔ)境可知，奶奶情況惡化，最終不能“認(rèn)出”作者了。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在我對(duì)她已經(jīng)陌生了。A.listener聽眾