2021-2022學(xué)年上海市上海中學(xué)高一上學(xué)期10月考試英語試題（解析版）

2021-2022學(xué)年上海市上海中學(xué)高一上學(xué)期10月考試英語試題II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Whatshouldyoutakeinwithyou____1____youtakeanexam?Pen,pencil,eraser,ruler...,anddon'tforgetabottleofwater!AccordingtoastudyattheBritishPsychologicalSocietyAnnualConferenceheldinLondon,____2____(bring)waterintoexamsmayhelpstudentsimprovetheirgradesbyupto10percent.ScientistsattheUniversityofEastLondonandtheUniversityofWestminster,UK,didastudyon447students.Thestudents____3____(study)fordifferentdegreesScientiststhencomparedtheirexamresults____4____theirnormalschoolworkgrades.Theyfoundthatthosewho____5____(bring)drinkswiththemgotbettergrades____6____between2and10percent.Itisunclearwhydrinkingwaterimprovesexamresults,____7____scientistssayhavingenoughwaterinourbodiesandnotfeelingthirstycouldhaveahelpfuleffectonourbrains.Drinkingwatermayalsocutdownonanxiety,whichhasagoodeffectonexamperformances,accordingtoChrisPawson,PhD,oftheuniversityofEastLondon."Whatevertheexplanationis,____8____isclearthatstudentsshouldtryhardtostayhydratedSonexttime,whenyouaregoingtohaveabigexam,____9____(try)bringingabottleofwaterwithyou.Whoknows--it____10____helpyoupasstheexam!【答案】1.When2.Bringing3.werestudying4.with5.hadbrought6.by7.but8.it9.try10.may【解析】【詳解】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道，研究表明學(xué)生帶水參加考試可以提高成績。1.考查連詞。句意：當(dāng)你參加考試的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該隨身攜帶什么。空格處是引導(dǎo)從句的連詞，根據(jù)句意要引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語，故填When。2考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：根據(jù)在倫敦舉行的英國心理學(xué)會(huì)年度大會(huì)的一份調(diào)查顯示：帶水參加考試有助于學(xué)生提高成績10%?？崭裉幨侵髡Z，要用動(dòng)名詞。故填Bringing。3考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：那時(shí)，這些學(xué)生正在東倫敦大學(xué)為不同的學(xué)位而學(xué)習(xí)。空格處是謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)atthattime可知空格處是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填werestudying。4考查介詞。句意：科學(xué)家比較他們的考試結(jié)果和他們的正常學(xué)校分?jǐn)?shù)。根據(jù)compared...with(和...比較）可知，空格處填介詞with。5考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那些帶水參加考試的學(xué)生成績比不帶水考試的學(xué)生的成績高大約2%——10%。根據(jù)found可知空格處是過去完成時(shí)。故填hadbrought。6考查介詞。句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那些帶水參加考試的學(xué)生成績比不帶水考試的學(xué)生的成績高大約2%——10%。根據(jù)between2and10percent.可知此處表示增長幅度，因此要用介詞by。7考查連詞。句意：為什么帶水能提高成績還不清楚，但是科學(xué)家說體內(nèi)有足夠的水不會(huì)感到口渴，可能有助于大腦思維?？崭裉幈磙D(zhuǎn)折，要用連詞，故填but。8考查代詞。句意：無論解釋是什么，很明顯，學(xué)生考試時(shí)保持含水的是有助于思維?？崭裉幨侵髡Z，由于thatstudentsshouldtryhardtostayhydrated（含水的）withwaterduringexams是真正的主語，因此空格處是形式主語。故填it。9考查祈使句。句意：因此下一次參加大考時(shí)，盡可能帶一瓶水?？崭裉幈斫ㄗh，要用祈使句，即：動(dòng)詞原形。故填try。10考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：它可能幫助你通過考試?？崭裉幨侵^語部分，根據(jù)Whoknows可知表推測(cè)，因此填may。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.ideaB.understandingC.learningD.surroundingE.designF.developG.creativeH.solutionsI.technologyJ.relativelyK.rethinkTechnologyinhighereducation:learningwithitinsteadoffromit.Now,researchersattheUniversityofMissourihavefoundthatactivity-basedlearning,ratherthanlecture-based,imporvesstudentcreativityandlearningbyallowingstudentstousetechnologyto____11____IsaJahnkeassociateprofessorintheMUCollegeofEducation'sschoolofInformationScienceandLearningTechnologies,collaboratedwithformerdoctoralstudentJuliaLiebschertostudyhowhighereducationprofessorsinEuropeusemobile____12____intheirclasses.Shefoundthatstudentcreativitywasmostenhancedbyprofessorswhoallowedtheirstudentstousetechnologyinateamsettingtocomeupwithanunusualproductor____13____.Forexample,onegroupofstudentsinahistoryclassdevelopedanappthatvirtuallyteachesusersaboutthehistory____14____theBerlinWall.Ratherthansimplylecturingthematerialtothestudents,Jahnkefoundthatallowingthemtousetechnologyinacollaborativewayenhancedthestudents'creativityand____15____ofthecontent."Thisresearchisusefulforprofessorstorethinkhowthey____16____theirexistingcourses,"Jahnkesaid."Weneedtoshiftawayfrompurelylecture-basedlearningwherestudentsarejustconsumersofinformationtowardamoremeaningful____17____approachwithtechnologywherestudentsareabletocomeupwithcreativeandnewsolutionsinateamsetting."JahnkeaddedthatthereareresourcesatMU,suchastheTeachingForLearningCenter,tohelpprofessors____18____theircoursedesignsintheever-changingeducationallandscape."Ifwehaveuniversitiesthatareproducingmorecreative-thinkingstudentsthenwehavemorepeoplewhocanhelpcomeupwith____19____forallofsociety'sgrandchallenges,"Jahnkesaid."Creativitywillleadtobetterinventors,managersandbusinessowners,butfirstweneedtoaskourselvesaseducatorsifweareusingtechnologytoputourstudentsinpositionstobe____20____inthefirstplace."【答案】11.F12.I13.A14.D15.B16.E17.C18.K19.H20.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要內(nèi)容是高等教育應(yīng)該用科技來學(xué)習(xí)，而不是從科技中學(xué)習(xí)。【11題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：現(xiàn)在，密蘇里大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，基于活動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)，而不是基于講座的學(xué)習(xí)，可以通過允許學(xué)生使用技術(shù)來形成自己的獨(dú)特見解，提高學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力和學(xué)習(xí)。分析句子可知，空格處表示目的狀語，并且空格前已經(jīng)有不定式符號(hào)to，因此只需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形。develop“形成，發(fā)展”符合句意。故選F項(xiàng)。【12題詳解】考查名詞。句意：密薩根州教育學(xué)院信息科學(xué)與學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)學(xué)院的副教授IsaJahnke與前博士生JuliaLiebscher爾合作，研究了歐洲高等教育教授是如何在課堂上使用移動(dòng)技術(shù)的。分析句子可知空格前有形容詞mobile，因此空格處需要一個(gè)名詞。technology“技術(shù)，科技”符合句意。故選I項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】考查名詞。句意：她發(fā)現(xiàn)，允許學(xué)生在團(tuán)隊(duì)環(huán)境中使用技術(shù)，想出一種不尋常的產(chǎn)品或想法的教授們最能提高學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力。分析句子可知此處為選擇性連詞or并列的兩個(gè)名詞位于冠詞an之后。idea“想法，主意”符合句意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語。句意：例如，歷史課上的一組學(xué)生開發(fā)了一款應(yīng)用程序，可以向用戶教授柏林墻的歷史。分析句子可知，空格處謂語名詞history后作后置定語，surround“圍繞；包圍；與……密切相關(guān)”，其現(xiàn)在分詞為surrounding作后置定語修飾名詞history符合句意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：Jahnke發(fā)現(xiàn)，允許他們以協(xié)作的方式使用技術(shù)，可以提高學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力和對(duì)內(nèi)容的理解，而不是簡(jiǎn)單地向?qū)W生講授這些內(nèi)容。分析句子可知空格處與creativity是由and并列的兩個(gè)名詞。understanding“理解（力）”符合句意。故選B項(xiàng)。【16題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這項(xiàng)研究對(duì)教授們重新思考他們?nèi)绾卧O(shè)計(jì)現(xiàn)有的課程很有用。分析句子可知，缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，主語為they，賓語為theirexistingcourses。design“設(shè)計(jì)，構(gòu)思”，符合句意。故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語。句意：我們需要從純粹的基于講座的學(xué)習(xí)，即學(xué)生只是信息的耗用者，轉(zhuǎn)向一種更有意義的技術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)方法，即學(xué)生能夠在團(tuán)隊(duì)環(huán)境中想出創(chuàng)造性和新的解決方案。分析句子可知空格處為名詞approach“方法”的前置定語，learn動(dòng)詞“學(xué)習(xí)”，其動(dòng)名詞形式learning作名詞approach的前置定語符合句意。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語。句意：Jahnke補(bǔ)充說，MU有一些資源，比如學(xué)習(xí)教學(xué)中心，可以幫助教授們?cè)诓粩嘧兓慕逃h(huán)境中重新思考他們的課程設(shè)計(jì)。分析句子可知空格處需要使用“helpsbdosth.幫助某人做某事”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此rethink“反思，重新考慮”符合句意。故選K項(xiàng)。19題詳解】考查名詞。句意：如果我們的大學(xué)正在培養(yǎng)出更多有創(chuàng)造力的學(xué)生，那么我們就有更多的人可以想出解決社會(huì)所有重大挑戰(zhàn)的解決方案。分析句子可知出現(xiàn)了“comeupwithsth.提出……”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此空格處需要一個(gè)名詞，solutions“解決方法”符合句意。故選H項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：創(chuàng)造力將帶來更好的發(fā)明家、管理者和企業(yè)主，但首先我們需要問自己，作為教育工作者，我們是否正在使用技術(shù)讓我們的學(xué)生處于創(chuàng)造性的位置。分析句子可知空格處謂語系動(dòng)詞be后作表語，因此需要一個(gè)形容詞。creative“有創(chuàng)造力的；有創(chuàng)造性的”符合句意。故選G項(xiàng)。III.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Doyoufindgettingupinthemorningsodifficultthatit'spainful?Thismightbe____21____laziness,butDr.Kleitmanhasanewexplanation.Hehas____22____thateveryonehasadailyenergy____23____.Duringthehourswhenyoulabourthroughyourwork,you____24____saythatyou're"hot".That'strue.Thetimeofdaywhenyoufeelmostenergeticiswhenyourcycleofbodytemperatureisatits____25____.Forsomepeople,thepeakcomesduringtheforenoon.Forothers,itcomesintheafternoonorevening.Noonehas____26____whythisisso,butitleadstosuchfamiliarmonologuesas:"Getup,John!You'llbelateforworkagain!"Thepossibleexplanationtothe____27____isthatJohnisathistemperature-energypeakintheevening.Much____28____quarrellingendswhenhusbandsandwivesrealizewhattheseenergycyclesmean,andwhichcycleeachmemberofthefamilyhas.Youcan't____29____yourenergycycle,butyoucanlearntomakeyourlifefititbetter.Habitscanhelp,Dr.Kleitmanbelieves.Maybeyou'resleepyintheeveningbutfeelyoumust____30____lateanyway.Counteractyourcycletosomeextentbyhabituallystayinguplaterthanyouwantto.Ifyourenergyis____31____inthemorning,butyouhaveanimportantjobtodoearlyintheday,____32____beforeyourusualhour.Thiswon'tchangeyourcycle,butyou'llgetupsteamandworkbetteratyourlowpoint.Getofftoaslowstartwhich____33____yourenergy.Getupwithaleisurelyyawnandstretch.Sitontheedgeofthebedaminutebeforeputtingyour____34____onthefloor.Avoidthetroublesomesearchforcleanclothesbylayingthemoutthenightbefore.Whenever____35____,doroutineworkintheafternoonandsavetasksrequiringmoreenergyorconcentrationforyoursharperhours.21.A.called B.touched C.begged D.wanted22.A.turned B.needed C.answered D.proved23.A.cycle B.picture C.essay D.sheet24.A.must B.may C.need D.should25.A.peak B.hill C.limitation D.sort26.A.discovered B.delivered C.reflected D.showed27.A.question B.trouble C.matter D.fault28.A.school B.factory C.family D.soil29.A.lift B.raise C.ignore D.change30.A.keepoff B.handin C.stayup D.holdback31.A.low B.high C.up D.down32.A.get B.rise C.take D.signal33.A.saves B.leaves C.fades D.steals34.A.hands B.heads C.feet D.arms35.A.possible B.important C.confusing D.distant【答案】21.A22.D23.A24.B25.A26.A27.B28.C29.D30.C31.A32.B33.A34.C35.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。Kleitman博士對(duì)早上起床困難且痛苦做出了一個(gè)新的解釋，那就是“能量循環(huán)”，他證明了每個(gè)人每天都有一個(gè)能量循環(huán)。文章解釋了能量循環(huán)的作用以及如何讓你的生活更適合能量循環(huán)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這可能被稱為懶惰，但Kleitman博士有一個(gè)新的解釋。A.called打電話，稱為；B.touched觸碰；C.begged懇求；D.wanted想要。根據(jù)后文laziness可知此處指把早上起床困難稱之為懶惰。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他證明了每個(gè)人每天都有一個(gè)能量循環(huán)。A.turned轉(zhuǎn)彎；B.needed需要；C.answered回答；D.proved證明。結(jié)合上文“Kleitmanhasanewexplanation.”可知Kleitman博士對(duì)這一情況做出了新的解釋，即他證明了每個(gè)人每天都有一個(gè)能量循環(huán)。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他證明了每個(gè)人每天都有一個(gè)能量循環(huán)。A.cycle循環(huán)；B.picture照片；C.essay短文；D.sheet床單。呼應(yīng)后文“whattheseenergycyclesmean”指每個(gè)人每天都有一個(gè)能量循環(huán)。故選A。【24題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：在你埋頭工作的時(shí)候，你可能會(huì)說你“很熱”。A.must必須；B.may可能；C.need需要；D.should應(yīng)該。此處表推測(cè)，意為“可能”應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一天中你感覺精力最充沛的時(shí)候是你的體溫周期處于頂峰的時(shí)候。A.peak頂峰，巔峰；B.hill山丘；C.limitation限制；D.sort種類。呼應(yīng)后文“Forsomepeople,thepeak”指感覺精力最充沛的時(shí)候是你的體溫周期處于頂峰的時(shí)候。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有人發(fā)現(xiàn)這是為什么，但它導(dǎo)致了這樣熟悉的獨(dú)白：“起來，約翰!你又要遲到了！”A.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.delivered相信；C.reflected反射；D.showed展示。根據(jù)后文“whythisisso”指發(fā)現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因是為什么，應(yīng)用discover。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)這個(gè)問題的可能解釋是，約翰在晚上處于他的溫度-能量峰值。A.question問題；B.trouble麻煩，問題；C.matter事情；D.fault錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)上文“itleadstosuchfamiliarmonologuesas:"Getup,John!You'llbelateforworkagain!"”指對(duì)約翰起床要遲到的問題的解釋。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)丈夫們和妻子們認(rèn)識(shí)到這種能量循環(huán)的意思以及每個(gè)家庭成員所處的循環(huán)之后，許多家庭爭(zhēng)吵就結(jié)束了。A.school學(xué)校；B.factory工廠；C.family家庭；D.soil土壤。根據(jù)后文“quarrellingendswhenhusbandsandwivesrealizewhattheseenergycyclesmean,andwhichcycleeachmemberofthefamilyhas”可知是在說明家庭成員之間能量循環(huán)不同會(huì)家庭導(dǎo)致爭(zhēng)吵的問題。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：你無法改變你的能量循環(huán)，但你可以學(xué)著讓你的生活更適合它。A.lift舉起；B.raise抬起；C.ignore忽視；D.change改變。根據(jù)后文“yourenergycycle,butyoucanlearntomakeyourlifefititbetter”指能量循環(huán)無法改變，但是可以學(xué)著讓生活適應(yīng)它。故選D。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：也許你晚上很困，但覺得你必須熬夜。A.keepoff讓開；B.handin上交；C.stayup熬夜；D.holdback隱瞞。根據(jù)上文“Maybeyou'resleepyintheeveningbutfeelyoumust”以及后文late可知此處指晚上熬夜，故選C?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你在早上精神不太好，但又有重要的工作要做，那就比平時(shí)早起。A.low低的；B.high高的；C.up向上的；D.down情緒低落的。根據(jù)后文“inthemorning,butyouhaveanimportantjobtodoearlyintheday”中but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明早上精神不太好，但又有重要的工作要做，后文“you'llgetupsteamandworkbetteratyourlowpoint”也是提示。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你在早上精神不太好，但又有重要的工作要做，那就比平時(shí)早起。A.get得到；B.rise上升；C.take帶走；D.signal信號(hào)。根據(jù)后文“you'llgetupsteamandworkbetteratyourlowpoint.”可知是建議早起，故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：慢點(diǎn)開始可以節(jié)省你的精力。A.saves節(jié)省；B.leaves離開；C.fades褪色；D.steals偷竊。根據(jù)后文“Getupwithaleisurelyyawnandstretch.Sitontheedgeofthebedaminute”可知此處指慢點(diǎn)開始來節(jié)省精力。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在床邊坐一分鐘，然后把腳放在地板上。A.hands手；B.heads頭；C.feet腳；D.arms胳膊。根據(jù)后文“onthefloor”指把腳放在地板上。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：只要可能，在下午做那些程序化的工作，把需要更多能量的工作留到你效率最好的時(shí)候去做。A.possible可能的；B.important重要的；C.confusing令人困惑的；D.distant遙遠(yuǎn)的。根據(jù)后文“doroutineworkintheafternoonandsavetasksrequiringmoreenergyorconcentrationforyoursharperhours”可知，指只要情況可能的話，在下午做那些程序化的工作，把需要更多能量的工作留到你效率最好的時(shí)候去做。故選A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Everykidwishestobeanadult.Butnowasgrown-ups,someadultsfindtheycannotleavechildhoodbehind.Theybecome"kidults"(kid+adult).Beingakidulthasbecomealifestyle-choiceamongyoungpeopleacrossAsia.Somekidultscollecttoystheyonceplayedwith.HelloKitty,Garfield,andSnoopyhavemanyadultfansaroundtheworld.Itisnotunusualtoseea20-somethingwomanwithabig,Garfield-shapedcushiononhersofaoraHelloKittymobilephoneaccessory.Otherkidultsstillenjoychildren'sstoriesandfairytales.Forexample,BloomsburyevenpublishedtheHarryPotternovelswithanadultcover.Thatway,nooneelseonthesubwaywillknowthatanadultisactuallyreadingachildren'sbook!"Kidultscanbelikevitaminstosociety.Adultswhovaluetheirchildhoodandholdontopure,child-likeemotionmaybeneededinsucharoughanddrysociety,"saidLeeSojung,professorofForeignStudiesatHankukTimGreen-halgh,aprofessor,explainedthatsomekidultsjustrefusetogrowup.Theyclingto(舍不得放棄)childhoodbecauselifeinabusyandstressfulcityfrightensthem.Kidultswouldliketoforgettheirageandopenlyshowtheirfearofsocietyandadulthood."So,theycanescapefromincreasinglycomplexandstressfullivesthatarehardtodealwith."Greenhalghsaid.36.Wecanknowfromthepassagethatkidultsare________.A.childrenwhocan'twaittogrowupB.Grown-upswhoholdontochild-likeemotionC.peoplewhoenjoyplayingsports.D.youngpeoplewhopretendedtobegrown-upswhenyoung.37.Accordingtothepassage,kidultswouldliketodothefollowingexcept________.A.buyHelloKittymobilephoneaccessories.B.readachildren'sbookonthesubway.C.workinabusyandstressfulcity.D.collecttoystheyonceplayedwith.38.Themaincauseofthekidultcultureisthat________.A.somecompaniesaretakingadvantageofit.B.modernlifeisstressfulandhardC.somepeopleliketostayyoungandenergetic.D.somepeoplewishtofillthegenerationgap.【答案】36.B37.C38.B【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文章講述了亞洲年輕人群體中的一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，一些成年人害怕忙碌而充滿壓力的都市生活，他們收集童年時(shí)期的玩具，讀兒童讀物，不愿意放棄童年，成為“kidults”?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。結(jié)合第一段中“Butnowasgrown-ups,someadultsfindtheycannotleavechildhoodbehind.Theybecome"kidults"(kid+adult).(但現(xiàn)在作為成年人，一些人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們不能離開童年。他們變成了“kidadults”(kid+adult))”、第二段中“Somekidultscollecttoystheyonceplayedwith.(一些“kidults”收集他們?cè)?jīng)玩過的玩具)”、第三段中“Otherkidultsstillenjoychildren'sstoriesandfairytales.(其他的“kidults”仍然喜歡兒童故事和童話故事)”和第四段中“Adultswhovaluetheirchildhoodandholdontopure,child-likeemotionmaybeneededinsucharoughanddrysociety,(在這樣一個(gè)粗糙而枯燥的社會(huì)里，我們需要珍視童年、保持純真、孩童般的情感的“kidults”)”可推知，“kidults”是指那些懷念童年事物，擁有孩童般情感的成年人。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Somekidultscollecttoystheyonceplayedwith.(一些“kidults”收集他們?cè)?jīng)玩過的玩具)”和“Itisnotunusualtoseea20-somethingwomanwithabig,Garfield-shapedcushiononhersofaoraHelloKittymobilephoneaccessory.(20多歲的女人在沙發(fā)上放一個(gè)加菲貓形狀的大靠墊，或者在手機(jī)上放一個(gè)凱蒂貓的配件是很常見的)”可知D項(xiàng)和A項(xiàng)是“kidults”們喜歡做的事情，根據(jù)第三段中“Thatway,nooneelseonthesubwaywillknowthatanadultisactuallyreadingachildren'sbook!(這樣，地鐵上的其他人就不會(huì)知道一個(gè)成年人正在讀一本兒童讀物了!)”可知B項(xiàng)也是“kidults”們喜歡做的事情，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Theyclingto(舍不得放棄)childhoodbecauselifeinabusyandstressfulcityfrightensthem.(他們舍不得放棄童年是因?yàn)槊β刀錆M壓力的都市生活讓他們害怕)”可知“kidults”們害怕忙碌和充滿壓力的都市生活。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Theyclingto(舍不得放棄)childhoodbecauselifeinabusyandstressfulcityfrightensthem.(他們舍不得放棄童年是因?yàn)槊β刀錆M壓力的都市生活讓他們害怕)”可推知，因?yàn)槊β刀錆M壓力的都市生活讓一些成年人感到害怕，所以他們不愿意放棄童年，成為“kidults”，從而產(chǎn)生了“kidults文化”。故選B項(xiàng)。(B)To:"TheShoePeople"<inquiries@>From:"JohnTrimbald"jtconstruction@ToWhomitMayConcern,IhavetrustedtheShoePeopletoprotectthefeetofmyemployeesforoverthenyearsnow.Irecentlypurchasedafewpairsofbootsfromyourcompanyformycrew.Thoughmymenwereinitiallysatisfiedwiththeboots,thesoles（鞋底）begantofallapartonthemafterjusttwelveweeks.Thiswasextremelysurprisingconsideringtheycamewithasixyearwarranty（擔(dān)保）.Thebootsareunsafetowearbecausemymenarepouringhotconcrete（混凝土）.PleaserespondassoonaspossiblewithinstructionsonhowIcanreturnthebootsandreceivearefund（退款）.Thankyou,JohnTrimbald,Foreman,JTConstructionTo:JohnTrimbald"<jtconstruction@>From:"TheShoePeople"<inquiries@>"DearMr.Trimbald,Thankyouforyoure-mailconcerningthepoorqualityofourrubbersoledblackwork-boots.Arepresentativewillbebyyourofficenextweektopickupthedamagedboots.Weapologizeforanyinconveniencethishascausedyouandyourcrew.Alongwithfivenewpairsofwork-bootsforyourcrew(weincludedoneextrapair),wehaveenclosedafreeyear'ssupplyofspray（噴霧）.Inourretailstores,thissprayisalwaysrecommendedtobuyerswhoworkonheatedfloors.Thisshouldhavebeenbroughttoyourattentionatthetimeofyourinitialorder(receivedbytelephoneonOctober12,2007).Pleaseexcuseouroversight.Todatewehavehadnocomplaintsaboutthesework-bootsfromcustomerswhohaveusedtheprotectorspray.However,shouldyouusethesprayandfindthatyouarestillunsatisfiedwiththeboots,pleasereturnthebootsandsprayforafullrefund.ThankyouforsupportingTheShoePeople.HaveaHappyNewYear.Sincerely,StanMason,President39.Accordingtothepassage,JohnTrimbaldisholdinga(n)________attitude.Aapologetic B.sympathetic C.appreciating D.complaining40.Bothsidesarecommunicatingwitheachotherthrough________.A.socialmedia B.textmessages C.e-mail D.letters41.Whatisthe"spray"usedforaccordingtothepassage?A.Torepairthedamagedboots. B.ToprotectthesolesfromheatC.Topreventthecrewfromdanger. D.Toprotectthebootsfromconcrete.42.AccordingtothepresidentofTheShoePeople,JohnTrimbald________.A.canexchangethedamagedbootswithnewonesatanytimeB.mustreturnthedamagedbootstoanyoftheretailstoresC.willgetnewpairsofbootsandafreeyear'ssupplyofsprayD.canreturnthedamagedbootsandsprayforafullrefundnow【答案】39.D40.C41.B42.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章包含了顧客與鞋店負(fù)責(zé)人之間的兩封郵件，顧客抱怨了鞋底破損，鞋店負(fù)責(zé)人提出解決方案?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一封郵件的第三、四句“Thoughmymenwereinitiallysatisfiedwiththeboots,thesoles（鞋底）begantofallapartonthemafterjusttwelveweeks.Thiswasextremelysurprisingconsideringtheycamewithasixyearwarranty（擔(dān)保）.”（雖然我的人最初對(duì)靴子很滿意，但僅僅12周后，靴子的鞋底就開始脫落?？紤]到他們有六年的保修期，這是非常令人驚訝的）可知，作者買的鞋子僅僅穿了12周后鞋底就開始脫落。所以作者是在抱怨鞋子的質(zhì)量。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個(gè)表格的開頭“To:"TheShoePeople"From:"JohnTrimbald"jtconstruction@以及第二個(gè)表格的開頭“To:JohnTrimbald"From:"TheShoePeople"”可知，他們是通過郵件的形式解決來交流的。故選C。【41題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二封郵件第五句話“Inourretailstores,thissprayisalwaysrecommendedtobuyerswhoworkonheatedfloors.”（在我們的零售店，這種噴霧器總是推薦給在加熱地板上工作的買家。）可知，噴霧是用來保護(hù)鞋底不受熱能的損壞。故B【42題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二封郵件的第四句話“Alongwithfivenewpairsofwork-bootsforyourcrew(weincludedoneextrapair),wehaveenclosedafreeyear'ssupplyofspray（噴霧）.”（隨信附上五雙新工作靴（包括一雙額外的工作靴），免費(fèi)提供一年的噴霧。）可知，John會(huì)收到鞋店發(fā)來的六雙鞋子和年免費(fèi)的噴霧。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】。本文一篇應(yīng)用文。做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案.推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。(C)MentalillnessanddisabilitywerefamilyproblemsforEnglishpeoplelivingbetween1660and1800.Mostwomenandmenwhosufferedfrommentalillnesswerenotinstitutionalizedasthiswastheperiodbeforetheextensivebuildingofmentalhospitals.Instead,theywerehousedathome,andcaredforbyotherfamilymembers.NowanewstudybyCambridgehistorianDr.ElizabethFoysterwillrevealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelatives.Muchhasbeenwrittenabouttheinsanethemselvesbutfewstudieshaveconsideredmentalillnessfromtheperspectiveofthecarers.Thelifetimeburdenofcaringforthoseindividualswhosementaldevelopmentdidnotprogressbeyondchildhood,andwhocontemporarieslabeledas‘idiots’or‘fools’,hasbeenlittleexploredbyhistorians.Foyster’sresearch,whichhasbeenfundedbytheLeverhulmeTrust,willcarefullyexaminetheemotionalandeconomicconsequencesforfamiliesatatimewhenthePoorLawboundthemtolookaftertheirmentallyillanddisabledfamilymembers.Byaskingkeyquestionsabouttheimpactof‘careinthecommunity’inthe18thcentury,Foysterhopesthatherresearchwillbridgesocialandmedicalhistory.Specifically,sheaimstoprovideanhistoricalperspectiveforcontemporarydebatessuchashowresourcescanbestretchedtoprovideforchildrenwithlearningdifficultiesandanagingpopulation.“Thestressesandstrainsoffamilywereworsenedbyhighinfantmortalityandlowlifeexpectancy,andmanyindividualswerepushedtowardsmentalbreakdown,”sheexplained.“Moreover,inheritedconditions,senility(高齡)andwhattodaywouldbedescribedas‘specialneeds’couldputgreatemotionaldemandsonfamilymemberswhohadprimaryresponsibilityfortheirsickordisabledrelatives.”Theresearchwillshedlightuponhowcaringforthementallyillanddisabledraiseddifficultissuesforfamiliesaboutthelimitsofintergenerationalresponsibility,andwhetherfamilytieswereweakenedorstrengthenedbytheexperience.Thequestionsofhowfarshamewasattachedtohavinginsanityoridiocywithinafamily,andatwhatpointfamiliesbegantoseekoutsidehelp,willalsobeaddressed.“Thefamilymusthaveseemedaninescapablefeatureofdailylifebetween1660and1800,”saidFoyster.“Althoughtherewerethosewhowereabandonedandrejected,forthemajority,mentaldisabilitywasaccommodatedwithinthefamilyunit.Iaimtogettotheheartofwhatthisreallymeantforpeople’slives.”43.WhichisNOTthereasonwhythosementallyillanddisabledwerenotinstitutionalizedfrom1660to1800?AMentalillnessanddisabilitywerefamilyproblemsthen.B.Theextensivebuildingofmentalhospitalsdidn’tstartyet.C.Theywereabandonedbythegovernmentandthefamily.D.Thefamilywouldbefoundguiltyiftheydidn’tcareforthem.44.WhydoesFoysterwanttocarryoutthisstudy?A.Becauseitcanprovidesomefoodforthoughtforsomecurrentsocialissues.B.Becausethestressesandstrainsoffamilylifehavedrivenmanypeoplecrazy.C.Becauseshe’slookingforwaystocommunicatewiththesickordisabledpeople.D.Becausethelimitsofintergenerationalresponsibilityinsuchfamilies,interesther.45.WhichquestionwillNOTbestudiedintheresearch?A.Howshouldresourcestodaybestretchedtoprovideforanagingpopulation?B.Howdidcaringforthesickanddisabledaffectthefamily’searningpower?C.Howshamefuldidafamilyfeelwhentheirinsaneordisabledrelativeswerefoundout?D.Atwhatpointdidthosefamilieshavetobegintolookforoutsidehelp?46.Thepassageiswritteninorderto________.A.revealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelativesB.provideanhistoricalperspectivetocontemporarydebatesC.shedlightuponwhetherfamilytieswereweakenedorstrengthenedD.introduceanewhistoricalstudycarriedoutbyaCambridgehistorian【答案】43.C44.A45.A46.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了劍橋歷史學(xué)家伊麗莎白·福斯特博士的一項(xiàng)新研究將揭示照顧精神病患者和殘疾親屬對(duì)家庭的影響?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“asthiswastheperiodbeforetheextensivebuildingofmentalhospitals.”可知，這是在精神病院廣泛建立之前的時(shí)期，根據(jù)第一段中的“Instead,theywerehousedathome,andcaredforbyotherfamilymembers.”可知，相反，他們被安置在家里，由其他家庭成員照顧（當(dāng)時(shí)精神疾病和殘疾主要是家庭問題），根據(jù)第三段中的“atatimewhenthePoorLawboundthemtolookaftertheirmentallyillanddisabledfamilymembers.”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)的濟(jì)貧法規(guī)定家庭必須照顧患有精神疾病和殘疾的家庭成員（不照顧他們就會(huì)被判有罪），以上三點(diǎn)是1660年至1800年精神病患者和殘疾人沒有被收容的原因，文中并沒有提到原因是他們被政府和家庭遺棄。故C項(xiàng)正確?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Specifically,sheaimstoprovideanhistoricalperspectiveforcontemporarydebatessuchashowresourcescanbestretchedtoprovideforchildrenwithlearningdifficultiesandanagingpopulation”可知，具體地說，她旨在為當(dāng)代的爭(zhēng)論提供一個(gè)歷史視角，例如如何利用資源為有學(xué)習(xí)困難和人口老齡化的兒童提供幫助。由此可知，她進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究的原因是它能為當(dāng)前的社會(huì)問題提供一些發(fā)人深思的東西。故A項(xiàng)正確。【45題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“willcarefullyexaminetheemotionalandeconomicconsequencesforfamiliesatatimewhenthePoorLawboundthemtolookaftertheirmentallyillanddisabledfamilymembers.”可知，該研究將仔細(xì)研究在濟(jì)貧法規(guī)定家庭必須照顧他們的精神病和殘疾家庭成員的情況下照顧精神病患者和殘疾人給家庭造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)后果，再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thequestionsofhowfarshamewasattachedtohavinginsanityoridiocywithinafamily,andatwhatpointfamiliesbegantoseekoutsidehelp,willalsobeaddressed.”可知，我們還將討論家庭中的精神錯(cuò)亂或白癡與羞恥感之間的關(guān)系，以及家庭在什么時(shí)候開始尋求外界幫助的問題，以上三個(gè)方面是該項(xiàng)研究要研究的內(nèi)容，而沒有提到要研究當(dāng)今的資源應(yīng)如何用于應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化。故A項(xiàng)正確。【46題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“NowanewstudybyCambridgehistorianDr.ElizabethFoysterwillrevealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelatives.”可知，本文主要介紹了劍橋歷史學(xué)家伊麗莎白·福斯特博士的一項(xiàng)新研究將揭示照顧精神病患者和殘疾親屬對(duì)家庭的影響，本文的目的就是介紹這項(xiàng)新的歷史研究。故D項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)睛】涉及到文章意圖的推理判斷題難度較大，抓住文章主題是關(guān)鍵，例如本篇第4題，根據(jù)第二段“NowanewstudybyCambridgehistorianDr.ElizabethFoysterwillrevealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelatives.”可知，本文主要介紹了劍橋歷史學(xué)家伊麗莎白·福斯特博士的一項(xiàng)新研究將揭示照顧精神病患者和殘疾親屬對(duì)家庭的影響，因此本文的目的就是介紹這項(xiàng)新的歷史研究。故D項(xiàng)正確。SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.RaisingConfidentKidsSelf-esteemisacollectionofbeliefsorfeelingswehaveaboutourselves.Havingahealthyself-esteemcanprotectusthroughdifficulttimesandhelpusremainfocusedonwhatisimportanttous.Researchshowsthatchildrenwithhighself-esteemgrowuptobemoreconfidentadults.Self-esteembuildingshouldstartyoung.____47____PraiseactionsYoungchildrenneedfeedback.It'showtheymeasuretheiractionsanditplaysaroleinlearningfromexperience.Providespecificpraiseaboutactualactionsperformedandeffortsmadeintheprocess.____48____IdentifystrengthsPreschoolersarealwayswatchingeachother.Onthebrightside,theylearnnewthingsfromeachother.Ontheotherside,theycanbecomeself-criticalwhentheyseeapeeraccomplishingsomethingtheystillstruggletodo.____49____Tellyourchildrentofocusontheirstrengthswhentheystarttodrawcomparisons.FosterasenseofbelongingYoungchildrenmaynotunderstandhowpeerpressureworks,buttheyfeelitwhenthey'rebeingexcluded.Showyourchildrenthattheyareimportantbylisteningtoandrespondingtotheirneedsandideas.Asmuchaspossible,saveg