Unit 1 Food matters Extended reading單詞講解選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

X1U1ExtendedReading

EatinginChina詞匯講解+課文解析Grammar——ExtendedReading詞匯講解lowervt.

降低，減少；把…放低，使…降下

(opp)raise

adj.下面的；在底部的；低洼的；較低的

(opp)upperloweroneself(bydoingsth)(通常用于否定句)降低自己的身份；自貶人格lowerone’svoice/pressure

壓低嗓門/減輕壓力e.g.Hehadtolowerhisheadtogetthroughthedoor.Thisdrugisusedtolowerbloodpressure.Iwouldn'tlowermyselfbyworkingforhim.Temperatureswillbelowerovertheweekend.Shebitherlowerlip.enhancevt.提高，增強(qiáng)enhancedadj.

提高了的,增強(qiáng)了的enhancementn.Thisisagoldenopportunitytoenhancethereputationofthecompany.這是提高公司聲譽(yù)的絕佳機(jī)會(huì)。I

should

be

confident

and

enhance

my

ability

to

achieve

my

goal.

throwoneselfinto

投身于，熱衷于boilvt.&vi.

用沸水煮；(使)沸騰fryvt.&vi.

油炸，油煎steakn.

牛排；肉排，肉塊[U,C]throwaway

扔掉；浪費(fèi)（金錢等）；錯(cuò)過（機(jī)會(huì)等）pann.

平鍋，平底鍋[C]impressvt.&vi.使欽佩，給...留下深刻印象；使意識(shí)到impressionn.印象，效果，影響impressiveadj.感人的，給人以深刻印象的，令人欽佩的impresssbwith/bysth用某物給某人留下深刻的印象Whatimpressedsbmostwas+n/從句

給某人印象最深的是…impresssthonsb

使某人意識(shí)到某事beimpressedwith/bysth對(duì)…有深刻的印象

give/leave/makeadeepimpressiononsb=leavesbadeepimpression給某人留下深刻印象e.g.WhenIwasabroad,whatimpressedmemostwastheculturaldifferences.Hispersonalityleftadeepimpressiononus.buffetn.自助餐[C]bayn.(?；蚝?灣[C]sceneryn.風(fēng)景，景色；舞臺(tái)布景[U]hold/keepsb/sthatbay

阻止；遏制scenicadj.風(fēng)景的，景色優(yōu)美的；舞臺(tái)的區(qū)別：scenery指某一國(guó)家或地區(qū)總的自然景色或風(fēng)景,集合名詞view

多指從某處看到的風(fēng)景或景色sight

指視線范圍內(nèi)的事物、景象或情景，用復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)多指用于觀光的風(fēng)景、名勝scene

指眼見的景色或場(chǎng)面，不限于自然風(fēng)景，也可指戲劇、電影、小說等的場(chǎng)景betn.

打賭，賭注;預(yù)計(jì)，估計(jì)

v.

(用…)打賭；(與…)打賭(bet-bet-betting)makeabetwithsbonsth與…就…打賭place/putabetonsth

在…上下賭注betonsth在某事上打賭Youbet!

當(dāng)然!一定!e.g.Haveyouevermadeabetwithfriendonanything?atmospheren.氣氛，氛圍[U,C]；大氣[sing.]；氣體；空氣[C]anatmosphereofsth…的氛圍upperatmosphere

上層大氣workingatmosphere

工作環(huán)境e.g.Sheusedmusicandlightingtocreatearomanticatmosphere.outofthisworld

好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫e.g.ThepartywasoutofthisworldandIwasveryhappythewholeday.versionn.變體，變種；說法；版本[C]fillingn.

(糕點(diǎn)等的)餡[C,U]最新版本官方版本/說法officialversionthelatestversione.g.Thebookwastranslatedintomanyversionsandsoldallovertheworld.Thetwonewspapersgavedifferentversionsofwhathappened.elderlyadj.年紀(jì)較大的，上了年紀(jì)的[委婉用語]bakevt.&vi.烘烤；烤硬e.g.Theelderlyarewelltakencareofinoursociety.Hehandedtheelderlywomanacrossthestreet.bakern.面包師[C]

bakeryn.

面包(糕點(diǎn))店[C]flourn.

面粉[U]adorableadj.可愛的，討人喜愛的adorevt.

熱愛，喜愛，愛慕adorationn.崇拜，愛慕adorablyadv.可愛地；值得崇拜地adoresb/sth/doingsth非常喜歡(做…)e.g.Therearesomanyadorableanimalsatazoo.mildadj.

不濃的，淡味的；暖和的；溫和的；不嚴(yán)重的mildlyadv.

溫和地；和善地

mildnessn.溫和；暖和tiramisun.提拉米蘇layern.層，表層；層次[C]cheesen.干酪，奶酪[U,C]bitteradj.苦味的;激烈的;令人難過的；嚴(yán)寒的bitterlyadj.痛苦地；憤恨地；極其bitternessn.

苦味；憤恨e.g.Therootsofeducationarebitter,butthefruitissweet.creamn.奶油，乳脂；護(hù)膚霜[U]ingredientn.

材料，成分；因素，要素[C]looseadj.不受約束的；未固定牢的；零散的；寬松的；疏松的letsthloose釋放；放任loosenvt.

釋放;松開;放寬(loose可以作動(dòng)詞用)opp:tight疏松的土壤松動(dòng)的牙齒loosesoilaloosetoothpeppern.甜椒；胡椒粉chilli(AmEchili)n.辣椒Sichuanpepper

花椒onionn.

洋蔥，蔥頭springonion

小蔥，香蔥dampadj.潮濕的，濕氣重的foggyadj.

有霧的，霧茫茫的dynastyn.朝，代；王朝dampenv.使潮濕；減弱，抑制;vi.潮濕；喪氣(damp可以作動(dòng)詞用)e.g.Herhairwasstilldamp.fogn.霧，煙霧e.g.Tomorrowitwillbecold,cloudy,andfoggy.theQingDynasty清朝expandvt.&vi.

增加，擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)展，發(fā)展（業(yè)務(wù)）；詳談，詳述expansionn.

擴(kuò)大;擴(kuò)張;

擴(kuò)展

;膨脹expansive(ly)adj(adv).廣闊的；遼闊的；廣泛的expandon/uponsth

詳述,充分?jǐn)⑹瞿呈耬xpandone’svocabulary擴(kuò)大詞匯量expandinto...

擴(kuò)展到...，發(fā)展成為...e.g.TheHualianMallhasexpandedthebusinessbyopeningtwomorestores.

華聯(lián)超市增開了兩家商店以擴(kuò)展業(yè)務(wù)。Chinawillfurtherexpandthescopeofitsopened-upareas.

中國(guó)要進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大開放范圍。multipleadj.

數(shù)量多的，多樣的multiplyv.

乘，(使)相乘；(使)大量增加；(使)繁殖multi-多...的e.g.Thegovernmentperformedcompetentlyinthefaceofmultiplechallenges.政府在面臨多重挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)表現(xiàn)得很出色。multiplechoice多項(xiàng)選擇multimediaadj.

多媒體的multiculturaladj.多元文化的saucen.

調(diào)味汁，醬plainadj.

樸素的，簡(jiǎn)單的；清楚的

n.平原[C]slicen.薄片，片；部分，份額

vt.

把…切成片；切開，割破Itisplain(tosb)that......(對(duì)于某人)是顯而易見的beplaintosee顯而易見(了解)(as)plainasday=(as)plainasthenoseonyourface一清二楚；一目了然；顯而易見e.g.Hemadeitplainthatweshouldleave.

Theplainfactisthatnobodyreallyknows.asliceofbread一片面包c(diǎn)hefn.

主廚，廚師propertyn.性質(zhì)，特性[C]；所有物，財(cái)產(chǎn)[U]；不動(dòng)產(chǎn)[U](形近詞)chief

n.領(lǐng)袖，首領(lǐng)

adj.首要的，主要的intellectualproperty

知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)；著作權(quán)personal/privateproperty

動(dòng)產(chǎn)；私人財(cái)產(chǎn)e.g.Thisbuildingisgovernmentproperty.Thepriceofpropertyhasrisensharply.

appropriateadj.合適的

vt.撥出(款項(xiàng)等)供專用，私占，擅用inappropriateopp.不恰當(dāng)?shù)模徊幌喾Q的appropriatelyadv.

恰當(dāng)?shù)?合適地beappropriatefor/tosth對(duì)…合適/相稱Itisappropriatetodosth.

做某事是合適的。e.g.Herclotheswereappropriatetotheoccasion.estimatevt.估計(jì)，估價(jià)

n.估計(jì)；估計(jì)的成本underestimatevt.低估

overestimatevt.高估Itisestimated/Sbestimate(that)…據(jù)估計(jì)…estimatesthatsth/tobe…估計(jì)…為…makearoughestimateof

對(duì)…做個(gè)粗略的估計(jì)e.g.Itisestimated(that)theprojectwilllastfouryears.

I

estimate

thatthetotalcostfortreatmentwillbe$12500.Theyestimatethecosttorepairat$800.

Thedealisestimatedtobewortharound$1.5million.

consumevt.

吃，喝，飲；消耗，耗費(fèi)（尤指燃料、能量或時(shí)間）hitthespot使人滿意，正合需要consumern.消費(fèi)者，顧客，用戶[C]consumptionn.消費(fèi)；消耗量[U]time-consuming耗時(shí)的e.g.Hisoldcarconsumedmuchgasoline.Heconsumedallthemilkteasandsandwiches.onthespot當(dāng)場(chǎng)；在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)atouristspot

旅游景點(diǎn)e.g.Havingacoldbeerreallyhitthespot.

喝一杯冰啤酒的確正合我意。Cantoneseadj.廣東人（或文化）的，粵語的

n.(pl.Cantonese)

廣東人；粵語dimsumn.

點(diǎn)心essentialadj.必不可少的；本質(zhì)的，基本的essentiallyadv.本質(zhì)上;根本上

essencen.本質(zhì)，精髓Itisessentialforsbtodosth=Itisessential(that)sb(should)dosth

某人做某事是絕對(duì)必要的beessentialfor/tosth對(duì)…極為重要e.g.It'sessentialyou(should)maketherightdecisionsatthebeginning.

Experienceisessentialforthisjob.innovationn.創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)新；新思想，新方法conceptn.概念，觀念innovatorn.改革者，創(chuàng)新者innovatev.革新，創(chuàng)新

innovativeadj.革新的；富有革新精神的技術(shù)革新

technologicalinnovatione.g.Intheageofglobalcompetition,innovationisvital.conceptualadj.概念上的stimulatevt.

促進(jìn)，激發(fā)；刺激，使興奮appetiten.食欲，胃口；強(qiáng)烈欲望stimulationn.刺激，激勵(lì)，興奮作用stimulativeadj.

促進(jìn)的；刺激的；激勵(lì)的stimulateone’sinterest

激發(fā)某人的興趣stimulatesbtodosth

激勵(lì)某人做某事e.g.Lightstimulatesplantgrowth.haveanappetitefor對(duì)…的欲望haveagood/poorappetite胃口好/不好loseone’sappetite=havenoappetite

沒胃口satisfyone’sappetite

滿足某人的欲望developanappetitefor...

對(duì)...提起胃口e.g.Hehasanappetiteforreading.

他喜歡看書delicateadj.精致的，精細(xì)的，精密的；易損的，易碎的，脆弱的emphasisn.(pl.emphases)強(qiáng)調(diào)，重視；重讀delicatelyadv.微妙地；精致地delicacyn.微妙[U]e.g.Babieshaveverydelicateskin.嬰兒的皮膚非常嬌嫩。(了解)

delicatefingers纖細(xì)的手指adelicategift

精致的禮物adelicatevase

易碎的花瓶emphasiz(s)ev.強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重；重讀（單詞或短語）；使突出（或明顯）put/lay/placeemphasisonsth=emphasizesth

強(qiáng)調(diào)/重視某事emphasisetheimportanceof...

強(qiáng)調(diào)...的重要性e.g.Heplacedgreatemphasisontheimportanceoffamilylife.steamvt.&vi.

蒸；散發(fā)蒸汽

n.

水蒸氣；蒸汽動(dòng)力；水汽gramn.

克cabbagen.甘藍(lán)，卷心菜steamyadj.充滿蒸汽的，熱而潮濕的thesteamage蒸汽時(shí)代steampower蒸汽動(dòng)力e.g.Theroomwasfilledwithsteam.Leavethevegetablestosteamoverthericeforthe20minutescookingtime.kilogramn.千克wrappern.（食品等的）包裝材料，包裝紙mixturen.

混合物；混合，結(jié)合wrapvt.包；裹；纏繞dumplingwrapper餃子皮mixv.混淆,弄亂;攪勻,拌合mixedadj.混合的mixAwithB/mixAandB(together)（使）混合，摻和e.g.Thecityisamixtureofoldandnewbuildings.

這座城市是新老建筑兼而有之。edgen.邊，邊緣；刀口;(微弱的)優(yōu)勢(shì)

ontheedgeof...

在...的邊緣；某事快要發(fā)生thecuttingedge

最前沿的位置have/gainanedgeover/on...

略占優(yōu)勢(shì)；比…占優(yōu)勢(shì)e.g.Theybuiltthelibraryontheedgeofthetown.

他們?cè)诔擎?zhèn)的邊緣建了圖書館。

Theyareontheedgeofthedanger.

他們正處在危險(xiǎn)的邊緣。Thecompanyisatthecuttingedgeofmobilecommunicationstechnology.

這家公司在移動(dòng)通信技術(shù)方面處于領(lǐng)先地位。Theyhavetheedgeonus.

他們略勝我們一籌。apartadv.

成碎片；分開；相隔fallapart破碎，破裂；崩潰apartfrom除了...外(還)e.g.Hismarriagefellapart.

他的婚姻破裂了。Whatotherfooddoyoupreferapartfromhotpot?

除了火鍋外，你還喜歡什么美食？課文解析HistoryofhotpotwhenwherewhyhowimprovementlateQingDynastyYangtzeRiverwhoforboatmenkeepwarmduringthecoldandwetwintersboilvegetables,chilliesandSichuanpeppersinwaterincludemultipleoptionsofsoups,vegetables,meatsandsaucesListentotherecordingofthe2ndentryandlistthefeaturesofNanjingsaltedduck.FeaturesofNanjingsaltedduckAppearance

Tasteplaininthin,whiteslicesjuicyandsaltyProcess

salting;drying;boiling;cooling

7March,SichuanhotpotThemouth-wateringhotpotsofSichuanareasfamousoverseasastheyareinChina,andthehotflavourisenoughtoheatupacoldmidwintereveningortoletlooseriversofsweatonasummerafternoon.Adj.令人饞涎欲滴的使變熱釋放；放任as+adj./adv.+as與……一樣heatn.高溫；壓力；暖氣v.加熱，使變暖looseadj.松動(dòng)的；零散的v.釋放，發(fā)泄；松開Igaveitmyfirsttrylastnight,togetherwithafewlocalfriends.Asthesoupbubbledslowlyoveragasburnerinthemiddleofthetable,itssurfacewascoveredwithabeautifullayerofchillies,Sichuanpeppers,springonionsandredoil.v.冒泡，沸騰煤氣爐n.鋪設(shè)物giveitatry試一試bubblen.氣泡，泡沫；氣泡框v.bubble(over)withsth洋溢著（情感）Shewasbubblingoverwithexcitement.burner:燃燒器burnv.燃燒；灼傷/n.燒傷，傷疤Slowlyatfirst,andthenfasterandfaster,wetippedplatesoffreshmeat,fishandvegetablesintothepot.Thehotflavourquickenedourlaughterandconversation,makingthemealtheperfectwaytorelaxwithfriends.v.（使）傾斜v.使更活躍結(jié)果狀語tipv.給小費(fèi)；輕碰n.小費(fèi)；建議，小竅門quicken/shtrengthen/lengthen…–en為動(dòng)詞后綴；變得，使成為Sichuanhotpotsareperfectforthedamp,foggyclimateinwhichtheywereinvented.TheyarebelievedtohavestartedoffinthelateQingDynastyasawayforboatmenontheYangtzeRivertokeepwarmduringthecoldandwetwinters.潮濕的，多霧的進(jìn)行起來潮濕的介詞+which引導(dǎo)定語從句damp=slightlywetfoggy——fog——mist——smogwetadj.濕的；下雨的；尿濕的n.雨v.把…弄濕主語+be+believed+動(dòng)詞不定式：…被認(rèn)為…Chinesefoodisbelievedtobethebestdish作后置定語，修飾wayExtendsb./sth.bebelieved/reported/said/known/claimed/expected/thought/rumored（傳聞）/whisperedtodo/tohavedone另外還有常用句型：Itisbelieved/reported/said/known/claimed/expected/thought/rumored/whisperedthat...matching1.A

health

care

project

is

reported

_______

treatment

at

half

the

cost

or

less

next

year,

depending

on

the

needs

of

the

patient.

2.

The

teaching

building

is

said

________

last

year.

3.Any

student,

who

is

thought

_______

the

rules,

for

example,

by

cheating,

has

to

appear

ina

student

court

.

4.Russia's

winter

____

so

warm

that

a

bear

in

the

zoo

has

awakened

from

her

hibernation

two

months

earlier.

A.

is

said

to

beB.

to

have

broken

D.toprovide

C.

to

have

been

painted

DACBInthebeginning,thedeliciousdishwasmadesimplybyboilingvegetables,chilliesandSichuanpeppersinwater.Overtime,ithasexpandedtoincludemultipleoptionsofsoups,vegetables,meatsandsauces,appealingtopeopleofdifferenttastes.吸引v.增加，擴(kuò)大Adj.多樣的Expandv.①youneedtoexpandyourvocabulary②擴(kuò)展，發(fā)展（業(yè)務(wù)）Sheintendtoexpandherhotelbusinessvi.細(xì)談，詳述expandonupnsth.Couldyouexpandonthispoint,please?ExpandvsextendExpand指范圍、體積的擴(kuò)大Extend指空間范圍等的擴(kuò)大，長(zhǎng)度或?qū)挾鹊难由旒皶r(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)Multiple:multi-表示多…的為形容詞詞綴Multimediaadj.多媒體的multiculturaladj.多元文化的WhatIlovebestaboutSichuanhotpotsisthattheyofferagreatopportunitytosocializewithfriendssinceamealcanlastforhours.IinstantlybecameabigfanofSichuanhotpotsandI’llsoonbebackformore!與…交往Adv.立即地What引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句中作賓語表語從句Socializev.交往，交際socializewithsb.=mixwithsb.Ienjoysocialingwiththeotherstudents.Socialize——socialism——social——societyinstantly=immediately=atonce=rightaway12

August,NanjingsaltedducksaltedduckisNanjing'smostfamousfoodexport.Servedplaininthin,whiteslices,themeatisjuicyandsalty.EachNanjingsaltedducktakesseveraldaysto

prepare,andtheprocessincludessalting,

drying,

boiling

andcooling.AsIfinishedmyfirsthelpingonarecentafternooninNanjing,myhost,ChefZhang,toldmealittlemoreaboutthedish.Servedplaininthin,whiteslices

此處為過去分詞作狀語plainadj.樸素的，簡(jiǎn)單的(simple)；清楚的(clear)n.平原slicen.薄片；部分vt.把...切片v.切開，割破helpingn.(進(jìn)餐時(shí)的)一份食物

chefn.主廚，廚師(cook)plain,mountains,lakes,valley,bay,highland...asliceof...一片slicesth.(up)pleasesliceonionup.asmall/generoushelping一小/大份食物Weallhadasecondhelpingofpie.又一份ThecountrysidearoundNanjinghasbeenfamousfor

itsducksforcenturies；itscountlesswaterwaysmaketheareaperfectforraising

waterbirds.

AlocalhistorybookfromthelateQingDynastypraisedsaltedduckin

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