河南省洛陽市2023-2024學年高一上學期期末考試英語試題（含答案）

河南省洛陽市2023-2024學年高一上學期期末考試英語試題姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________題號一二三四五總分評分一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）閱讀短文，回答問題AbsolutelyUnputdownableBooksYouHavetoReadFlowersforAlgernonDanielKeyesIfyou'reseekingapleasantread,trythisshortstorybyDanielKeyes.He'llshowyouhowapersonfeelsgoingfromasimplecleaneratabakery,whoseIQislessthan60,toageniusandthemostintelligentpersonontheplanet.Inasituationlikethis,isitpossibletoovercomeyourfearsandcopewithloneliness?Keyesoffershisanswertothisquestion.OrphansoftheSkyRobertA.HeinleinAgiantgenerationshipissailingwithoutguidancethroughthedepthsoftheuniverse.Itspassengershavelongforgottentheoutsideworldandbelievedinapre-technologicalculturemarkedbysuperstition（迷信）.ThisnovelhasbroughtHeinleinwiderecognition,andwillgraspyoutightandwon'tletyougoformonths（orevenyears）afterward.Arewe,thedigitalgeneration,differentfromthepassengersofthatimaginaryspaceship?95PoundsofHopeAnnaGavaldaAdaptedfromtheauthor'sownexperience,thisstoryisaboutthemainthingsinlife:choiceswemake,thepowerofloveanddevotion.Thestoryofathirteen-year-oldboywhoonedayhastogatherallhisstrengthandcourageandtakeasteptowardsadulthoodprovesonceagainthatdreamsdocometrue.Afterall,nomatterhowmanypoundswehave,we'realltryingnottolosehope.ACertainSmileFrancoiseSaganIfyoudon'tenjoythrillersorsci-fiandstoriesaboutdragon-ridingdetectives,ifyou'relongingforsomethingemotional,slowandgentle,thisbeautifullittlebookbyFrancoiseSaganisjustwhatyouneed.Stronglyrecommendedbypsychologicaldoctors,it'sapleasantexceptionamongtraditionalromancenovels:you'llfindalloftheadvantagesofhigh-qualityliteraturehere.Andyes,it'sarealturner.1．WhatkindofbookisOrphansoftheSky?A．Asciencefiction. B．Ahistoricalnovel.C．Adetectivestory. D．Afairytale.2．Whatisspecialabout95PoundsofHope?A．Itisnotsuitableforadultreaders.B．Itisaboutaboyservinginarmy.C．Itisbasedlooselyonatruestory.D．Itbroughtitsauthorgreatfame.3．Whichisthebestchoiceforsomeonesufferingfrommentalillness?A．FlowersforAlgernon. B．OrphansoftheSky.C．95PoundsofHope. D．ACertainSmile.閱讀短文，回答問題Themosteye-catchingperformancefromthefinalweekendoftheU.S.OlympicTrackandFieldTrialsdidn'tbreakaworldrecordorsendateenagertoTokyo.ButLindsayFlachstillbecametheshiningstar.LindsayFlachcompetedintheheptathlon（七項全能）18weekspregnantandshowedoffagrowingbelly.Thoughshefinishedadistantlastamongthe15womenwhomadeitthroughallseveneventsoftheheptathlon,herparticipationthispastweekendwasavictoryinitself.The2020seasonwassupposedtobeFlach'slastchancetocompeteintheheptathlon,thesportthatdevelopedintoherenthusiasmoverthepastdecade.SheintendedtograspachanceontheU.S.Olympicteamonefinaltimebeforemarryingherlongtimeboyfriendandstartingafamilytogether.Inearly2020,Flachquitherjob,temporarilylefthersoon-to-be-husbandbehindandmovednearly250milessouthtotrainwithhernewcoachattheUniversityofTexasRioGrandeValley.Sheintendedtoremaintherethroughthe2020U.S.OlympicTrials.Thenthepandemic（疫情）struckthreemonthsintohertraining.WhenthespreadofCOVID-19forcedthepostponement（延遲）oftheTokyoGamesandcastdoubtonwhethertheywouldeverhappen,Flach,31,decidedshecouldnolongerputherlifeonhold.InMarch,Flachbeganstrugglingtohitmarksthathadpreviouslybeenroutinetoher.Shetookapregnancytestthatcamebackpositive,aresultthatmadeherdoubtwhetherherOlympichopeful.ThepregnancyweakenedFlach'sstrengthandenergybutnotherdesiretosaygoodbyetotrackandfieldonherownterms.WhileFlach'sfinalscorewaslessthanhalfherpersonalbest,she'stryingnottofocusonthataspect,noronthefactthatsheneverqualifiedforanOlympicsinhercareer.She'sexcitedforwhat'stocomeinherlife,excitedshewasabletoparticipateinathirdOlympicTrialsandexcitedthatsheshowedhowstrongwould-bemotherscanbe.4．WhendidFlachbegintolovetheheptatblon?A．Attheageof18. B．Attheageof21.C．Attheageof30. D．Attheageof31.5．WhichwordcanbestdescribeFlachaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Determined. B．Ambitious. C．Unfortunate. D．Organized.6．WhatmadeFlachexcited?A．Shewasexpectinganewlife.B．ShewonthethirdOlympicTrials.C．Shecouldmarryherlovedboyfriendfinally.D．ShewaschosentotakepartintheOlymipicGames.7．Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanthistextberead?A．Teens. B．Sports. C．Economy. D．Advertisement.閱讀短文，回答問題Areyoupatient?Doyouhaveattentiontodetail,freetimeandaccesstoacomputer?Well,thenascientistmightwelcomeyourhelp.ResearchersintheUKsayit'sbecomingimportanttocountoncommonpeopletohelpthemwiththeirprojects.Theyneedpeopletoexaminedataandsubmittheirobservationsonline.BritishteenagersSashaandMatthewaretakingpartinastudyofpenguins（企鵝）fromthecomfortoftheirhomes.Thepairlookatpicturesandtag（標簽）photosidentifyingadults,chicksandeggs.Everyclickoftheirmouseishelpingtobuildupadetailedpictureofpenguincolonies（群）.They,andthousandsofothers,arehelpingscientiststounderstandwhysomecoloniesaregrowingandothersaredecreasing.WithinthefirstfourhoursofPenguinWatchgoinglive,"citizenscientists"markedmoreimagesthantheresearchteamhadinfiveyears.Dr.TomHart,PenguinWatchCoordinatoratOxfordUniversity,says,"Whenyougobeyondwhatascientistcananalysetowhatamassaudiencecando,thenitincreasesbeyondwhatanyotherprojectcoulddo."TheBritishScienceAssociationsaysfamiliesarehelpingoutwithcarefulresearch.ItmadeadifferencetothePlanetHuntersProject,whichranforfiveyears.Volunteerslookedatdotswhichshowedhowthebrightnessofastarchangedatdifferentpointsinitssolarsystem.AccordingtoDr.RobertSimpsonfromOxfordUniversity,whotookpartintheproject,thevolunteersdiscoveredplanetsandthesearenowinpublishedpapers.Hesayswithpride,"Wecangoandlookattheseplanetswithothertelescopesandweknowtheyexistbecauseofthosehelpers."Buthowdoscientistsguardtheirresearchagainstaccidentalordeliberatemistakesinobservation?Dr.Simpsonisn'tworried."Wegetlotsofpeoplelookingatthesamethings,"hesays.Theresearcherwarnsthatpeoplewhoaremistakenlyclickingonthesiteareveryobviousandcanbeidentifiedveryquickly.So,there'snofoolingthescientists.Andtomakesurethingsgowell,thePenguinWatchpaperwillgothroughapeerreviewbeforebeingpublished.Afterthat,every"citizenscientist"willbecredited.8．Accordingtothepassage,whowillbesuitabletohelpthescientists?A．Anengineerwhoworksinacompany.B．Auniversitystudentwholikesscience.C．Abusinessmanwhoinvestsinanewproject.D．Acarefulteenagerwhousesthecomputersmoothly.9．Whatisavolunteerrequiredtodo?A．Publishhisobservationdatabyhimself.B．Observepicturesandrecordhisobservation.C．Discusshisobservationwithothervolunteers.D．Takehisreporttothescientistandcorrectmistakes.10．Howcouldscientistsavoidmistakesinobservation?A．Byworkingwithvolunteers. B．Byusingtheirowndata.C．Byidentifyingpicturesandphotos. D．Bygoingthroughapeerreview.11．What'sDr.Simpson'sattitudetowardsthevolunteers'observation?A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Negative. D．Doubtful.閱讀短文，回答問題Socialdistancingisnotanewconceptinthenaturalworld,whereinfectiousdiseasesarecommonplace.Throughspecializedsensesanimalscandetectcertaindiseasesandchangetheirbehaviortoavoidgettingill.In1966,whilestudyingchimps（猩猩）inaTanzaniannationalpark,zoologistJaneGoodallobservedachimpnamedMcGregorwhohadcaughtahighlyinfectiousvirus.Hisfellowchimpsattackedhimandthrewhimoutofthegroup.Inoneinstance,McGregorapproachedchimpsinatree.Hereachedoutahandingreeting,buttheothersmovedawaywithoutabackwardglance."Forafulltwominutes,oldMcGregorsatmotionless,staringafterthem,"Goodallnotesinher1971bookIntheShadowofMan."It'sreallynotthatdifferenttohowsomesocietiesreacttodaytosuchatragedy."Notallanimalsaresoaggressivetowardtheirsickneighbors.Sometimesit'sassimpleasavoidingthosewhomayinfectyou.WhenKiesecker,aleadscientistinAmerica,studiedAmericanbullfroginthelate1990s,hefoundthatbullfrogscouldnotonlydetectadeadlysmellofinfectioninotherbullfrogs,buthealthymembersactivelyavoidedthosethatweresick.Bullfrogsrelyonchemicalssignalstodeterminewhoissickornot.Caribbeanlobsters（龍蝦）alsoavoiddiseasedmembersoftheircommunity,wellbeforetheybecomeinfectious.Ittakesabouteightweeksforlobstersinfectedwiththedeadlyvirustobecomedangeroustoothers.Normallysocialanimals,lobstersbeginkeepingawayfromthediseasedasearlyasfourweeksafterinfection—oncethelobsterscansmellcertainchemicalsreleasedbysickindividuals."Overall,it'simportanttonotethat,unlikeus,animalsdon'trealizeiftheystayhome,theymightactuallyreducetheinfectionrate,"Kieseckerexplains."Ashumans,wehavethatability.It'sabigdifference."12．WhydidotherchimpsattackMcGregor?A．Hewasaloner. B．Hegotseriouslyill.C．Hemaycausethegroupill. D．Hehurtotherchimpsfirst.13．HowdidGoodallfeelwhenseeingMcGregor'sresult?A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Sympathetic.14．HowlongwillthehealthyCaribbeanlobstersstaywiththediseasedones?A．Aboutamonth. B．Abouteightweeks.C．Aboutfourdays. D．Fewerthanfourweeks.15．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．SocialDistancinginNature.B．CarryingoutSocialDistancing.C．PuzzlingSocialDistancinginChimps.D．SocialDistancingbetweenHumanandAnimals.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）閱讀七選五Thecomfortzoneisasafespacewherewedon'trisk,butneitherdowegrow.16．Changeandgrowthoccur.Wecannotbecomewhatwewanttobe,remaininginwhatwearetoday.Therearemanygoodreasonstobeencouragedtoleavethecomfortzone.Prepareyourselffordifficulttimes.Safeaswefeelinourcomfortzone,thatspacewillnotprotectusfromtheproblems,whichusuallyappearinlifeinanunexpectedwayproducinggreatchanges.17．Theseproblemscanproducepsychologicaldisorders.Butlearningtoliveoutsidethecomfortzone,dealingwithnoveltyanduncertaintywillmakeuspeopleemotionallystronger.18．Thecomfortzonerepresentseverythingweknow.Outsideisanotherworldtodiscover.Inthecomfortzonetherearenogreatideasornewdiscoveries.It'snecessarytoleavetheknowntofindtheinspirationtocreativity.Infact,astudyconductedattheUniversityofFloridafoundthatstudentswhospentjustonetermoutsidetheircountryscoredbetteroncreativityteststhanthosewhohadbeenstudyingatthesameuniversity.Feelmorealive.Leavingthecomfortzone,wemeetnewpeopleandlivenewexperiences.Someoftheseexperienceswillnotbepositivebutotherswillbecomeadrivingforcethatgivesusnewenergy.Thuswe'relearningtoenjoymorelife.19．Exercisestogetoutofyourcomfortzonewillallowyoutoexpandyourgrowthzonewithoutexperiencingtoomuchanxiety.20．That'sinthegrowthzone,andyoucanreachthebestofourselves,learnnewthings.A.Becomemoreproductive.B.Increaseyourcreativity.C.Generally,wearenotusedtothem.D.Yetmagicalthingshappenoutsidethecomfortzone.E.Itmightbecometheperfectexcusenottodo,notrisk.F.Facenewchallengeswithanacceptablelevelofanxiety.G.Thefeelingofbeingemptywillbediscoveredtodisappear.三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）完形填空AfterwatchingmysonToddruninarace,Imademyusualcomment,"Todd,Icouldwalkfasterthanthosewomenrun."Todd21．a(chǎn)sheknewIwasn'tarunner."Listen,Mom,howaboutyourunwithmenextyearatthisrace?"Withoutthinking,Iquicklyagreedtothis22．.Ifeltthiswasgoingtobeapieceofcake!Neverinmy23．dreamsdidIeverimaginewhatthenextyearwouldbring.Whenitwasalmosttimeforthisraceto24．,Toddwasn'tgoingtoberunning.Hehaddiedinacaraccident.Afewofhisfriendsknewthis"challenge"IhadagreedtowithTodd.Theystartedto25．metoruntherace.Ihadn't26．orpreparedanything.Quite27．,IhadalmostforgottenIsaidIwoulddoit.IdecidedIshouldkeepmy28．.Beforetherace,Ilistenedtosome29．talkingabouthowtorunyourrace.Iplayedtheraceoverandoverinmy30．whenIlistenedtothetapes.Thedayoftheracefinallycame.Ifeltpretty31．.Whenitwastimefortherace,Iwasalldressedandready.Itwasfreezingcoldthatday,butIdidn'tcare.I32．a(chǎn)llmywarmclothesandranwithonlyasleevelessshirtandshortson.Nothingwasgoingto33．me.Nooneknewwhat34．metorun.Ifinishedmypracticerun,fellonthegrass,andcriedmyeyesout.Ifoundthatrunning35．thestressIwasfeelingoflosingmydearTodd.21．A．sighed B．laughed C．nodded D．screamed22．A．challenge B．compromise C．command D．declaration23．A．mildest B．happiest C．deepest D．wildest24．A．occur B．reward C．end D．exist25．A．press B．encourage C．bother D．order26．A．a(chǎn)pplied B．recovered C．trained D．digested27．A．entertainingly B．frankly C．doubtfully D．obviously28．A．secret B．distance C．kindness D．promise29．A．tapes B．lectures C．friends D．experts30．A．dream B．memory C．mind D．soul31．A．desperate B．heartbroken C．emotional D．delighted32．A．tookoff B．toreup C．threwaway D．handedout33．A．a(chǎn)muse B．depress C．ease D．disappoint34．A．influenced B．permitted C．directed D．motivated35．A．deepened B．proved C．relieved D．fostered四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）語法填空ScientistsattheUniversityofLiverpool（UL）havedevelopedarobotthatcanrunexperimentsonitsown.It'snotnewforlabstouserobots.Butearlierrobotsusuallystayedinoneplaceand36．（do）onejoboverandoveragain.TheULrobotisdifferent.It'sableto37．（easy）movearoundinthesamekindofspaceashumansdo.ItusesaspecialsystemcalledLiDARtoguide38．（it）.Withonelongarmwhichcanturninalmostanydirection,therobotcanuseseveraldifferentkindsoflabequipmentandcarryout39．varietyoftasks.Thescientistssaysittookalotofwork40．（program）therobotsothatitcoulddothingswithout41．（make）mistakes.Oncetheprogrammingisdone,though,therobotmakes42．（few）mistakesthanahuman.Totesttheirrobot,thescientistsgaveitatask:findamaterial43．wasabletoproducehydrogen（氫）fromwater.Therobotwasprogrammedtounderstandthebasicmethodsfortheexperiment,butit44．（give）10differentthingsitcouldchangewhichcouldinfluencetheresults,Thatmeantthattherobotcouldchoosefromaround98milliondifferentmini-experiments.Overthenext8days,therobotran688experiments,alwayschoosingitsnextexperimentbased45．theresultsofthelastone.五、書面表達（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）46．假定你是某國際高中的學生會主席李華。為了配合學校的歷史遺址保護宣傳活動，請你圍繞"保護歷史遺址"這個主題，為學校的英語論壇寫一封倡議書。內(nèi)容包括：1）破壞歷史遺址（heritagesite）的嚴重后果；2）學生可以作出的貢獻。注意：1）寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；2）請按如下格式在相應位置作答。Dearfellowstudents,47．閱讀表達Travellingcanteachyoualot.Sometimes,onyourjourney,despitecomingfromtotallydifferentbackgrounds,wewereabletoconnectonahumanlevelandlearnfromeachother.Ihavelearnedaboutkindnesswhentravellingintoomanyways,butthereisoneparticularexamplethatstandsoutinmymemory.Eightyearsago,afriendandIjourneyedtoPuertoPlata,DominicanRepublictorentaprivatevillaonthebeachanddosomerelaxing.Inthemorning,wewenttoseethenewsunsparkledgoldacrosstheripplesofgentlesea.Intheevening,westeppedbarefootonthesoftsandybeach,feelingthewavestouchingourfeetandwatchingthesettingsunleavingtheskyafirewithorangeandgreenlight.Itwassomuchfunlivingonthebeach.Apartfromthebreathtakingsceneryonthebeach,IwasalsoconstantlytouchedbythewarmhospitalityoftheDominicanpeopleingeneral,butPedrototallyblewmeaway.Heworkedatourvillaasthesecurityguard.Healsoregularlyprovidedassistancetoallguestsbyaccompanyingthemontheirexcursionstoensuretheywouldbesafeamonglocalsceneswheretouristsmaynotbecommonorcouldbetakenadvantageof.However,hedidnotspeakgoodEnglishsooftenitwasabitchallengingforhim.Luckily,IspeakSpanishsoIwasabletocommunicateverywellwithPedroandthisdelightedhim.Duetothis,wechattedalotandfeltveryconnected.Pedroinsistedoncateringtooureveryneed.Hewouldnotevenletusliftafingerinthevilla,whichwasaboveandbeyondhisduties.Hetoldusweremindedhimofhisdaughterandhefeltlikeour"Papa"sohehadtotakecareofus.WhatreallyblewmeawaythoughisthatPedrobasicallyendedupsavingmylife.Paragraph1:AfterIarrived,Isuddenlyfoundmyselfcatchingaheavycoldandfeltterrible.Paragraph2:Thedaybeforeourdeparture,IwasfinallyfeelingalotbetterduetothemedicalcareIwasgiven.

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．C3．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了四本讓讀者愛不釋手的書?！军c評】考查閱讀理解，包含細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項，到文中找到相關內(nèi)容并進行理解。1．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)OrphansoftheSky部分中的“Agiantgenerationshipissailingwithoutguidancethroughthedepthsoftheuniverse.Itspassengershavelongforgottentheoutsideworldandbelievedinapre-technologicalculturemarkedbysuperstition（迷信）.”一艘新一代的巨輪正在宇宙深處航行，沒有任何指引。它的乘客早已忘記了外面的世界，相信以迷信為標志的前科技文化。可推知，OrphansoftheSky是一本科幻小說。故選A。2．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)95PoundsofHope部分中的“Adaptedfromtheauthor'sownexperience”改編自作者的親身經(jīng)歷，可知，這本書的特別之處是它改編自作者的親身經(jīng)歷，即基于一個真實的故事。故選C。3．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)ACertainSmile部分中的"Stronglyrecommendedbypsychologicaldoctors“心理醫(yī)生強烈推薦，可知，小說ACertainSmile被心理醫(yī)生大力推薦?？赏浦?，ACertainSmile是精神疾病患者們的最佳選擇。故選D?！敬鸢浮?．B5．A6．A7．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，報道了31歲的Flach在懷孕18周的情況下，依然挑戰(zhàn)自己，參加了女子七項全能的奧運會選拔賽的故事?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和數(shù)字計算三個題型的考查，是一篇新聞報道，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行推理，計算，從而選出正確答案。4．考查數(shù)字計算。根據(jù)第二段中的“The2020seasonwassupposedtobeFlach'slastchancetocompeteintheheptathlon,thesportthatdevelopedintoherenthusiasmoverthepastdecade.”2020賽季本應是弗拉赫參加七項全能比賽的最后一次機會，這項運動在過去十年中逐漸激發(fā)了她的熱情；以及第四段中的“WhenthespreadofCOVID-19forcedthepostponement（延遲）oftheTokyoGamesandcastdoubtonwhethertheywouldeverhappen,Flach,31,decidedshecouldnolongerputherlifeonhold.”當新冠肺炎疫情的蔓延迫使東京奧運會延期，并讓人懷疑奧運會能否如期舉行時，31歲的弗拉赫決定，她不能再讓自己的生活停滯不前了?？芍?，F(xiàn)lach在（31-10=21）歲時開始喜歡上了七項全能運動。故選B。5．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inearly2020，F(xiàn)lachquitherjob,temporarilylefthersoon-to-be-husbandbehindandmovednearly250milessouthtotrainwithhernewcoachattheUniversityofTexasRioGrandeValley.Sheintendedtoremaintherethroughthe2020U.S.”2020年初，F(xiàn)lach辭去了工作，暫時與她的未婚夫分開，搬到了近250英里以南的德克薩斯大學RioGrandeValley分校，和她的新教練一起訓練。她打算留在那里訓練，準備參加2020年美國奧運會選拔賽?？赏浦現(xiàn)lach是個意志堅定的人。故選A。6．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“She'sexcitedforwhat'stocomeinherlife"她為自己生活中即將到來的事情感到興奮?？芍?，讓弗拉奇興奮的是她期待著新的生活。故選A。7．考查推理判斷。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了31歲的Flach在懷孕18周的情況下，依然挑戰(zhàn)自己，參加了女子七項全能的奧運會選拔賽的故事。可推知，這篇文章可以在雜志的體育版塊被看到。故選B?！敬鸢浮?．D9．B10．D11．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了英國科學家依靠普通人來幫助他們完成科學項目的做法，及其成果?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和觀點態(tài)度三個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對應的內(nèi)容，仔細核對，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Areyoupatient?Doyouhaveattentiontodetail,freetimeandaccesstoacomputer?Well,thenascientistmightwelcomeyourhelp.”你有耐心嗎？你是否關注細節(jié)，是否有空閑時間和是否能使用電腦？那科學家可能會歡迎你的幫助。可推知，根據(jù)短文，一個謹慎的青少年，能流暢地使用電腦適合幫助科學家。故選D。9．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thepairlookatpicturesandtag（標簽）photosidentifyingadults,chicksandeggs.”它們會觀察圖片和標記圖片，以識別成年、小雞和蛋。可知，志愿者需要觀察圖片并記錄觀察結(jié)果。故選B。10．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Buthowdoscientistsguardtheirresearchagainstaccidentalordeliberatemistakesinobservation?”但是科學家如何防止他們的研究在觀察中出現(xiàn)意外或故意的錯誤呢？；以及最后一段中的"Andtomakesurethingsgowell,thePenguinWatchpaperwillgothroughapeerreviewbeforebeingpublished.”為了確保一切順利，《企鵝觀察》的論文在發(fā)表前將經(jīng)過同行評審。可知，科學家通過同行評審來避免觀察中的錯誤。故選D。11．考查觀點態(tài)度。根據(jù)第五段中的“Wecangoandlookattheseplanetswithothertelescopesandweknowtheyexistbecauseofthosehelpers.”我們可以用其他望遠鏡去觀察這些行星，因為有了這些幫手，我們才知道它們的存在。可推知，Simpson博士對志愿者的觀察持支持態(tài)度。故選B?！敬鸢浮?2．C13．D14．A15．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了自然界中動物保持社交距離的現(xiàn)象?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關信息，就可以確定正確答案。12．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“In1966,whilestudyingchimps（猩猩）inaTanzaniannationalpark,zoologistJaneGoodallobservedachimpnamedMcGregorwhohadcaughtahighlyinfectiousvirus.Hisfellowchimpsattackedhimandthrewhimoutofthegroup.”1966年，動物學家珍?古道爾在坦桑尼亞國家公園研究黑猩猩時，觀察到一只名叫麥格雷戈的黑猩猩感染了一種高度傳染性的病毒。他的黑猩猩同伴攻擊他，把他扔出了黑猩猩群，可推知，猩猩們攻擊McGregor是因為它可能會導致整個群體生病。故選C。13．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"‘Forafulltwominutes，oldMcGregorsatmotionless,staringafterthem，'Goodallnotesinher1971bookIntheShadowofMan.‘It'sreallynotthatdifferenttohowsomesocietiesreacttodaytosuchatragedy.'”"老McGregor一動不動地坐了整整兩分鐘，盯著它們的背影，"Goodall在她1971年出版的IntheshadowofMan一書中寫道。"這和如今一些社會群體對這樣的悲劇的反應沒有什么不同。"可推知，當看到McGregor的結(jié)局時，Goodall對此感到同情。故選D。14．考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Normallysocialanimals,lobstersbeginkeepingawayfromthediseasedasearlyasfourweeksafterinfection—oncethelobsterscansmellcertainchemicalsreleasedbysickindividuals.”可知，龍蝦通常是群居動物，一旦它們聞到生病的龍蝦釋放出的特定化學物質(zhì)，會在生病的龍蝦感染四周后盡可能早地開始遠離它。所以說健康的加勒比龍蝦會和生病的龍蝦在一起待約一個月的時間。故選A。15．考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Socialdistancingisnotanewconceptinthenaturalworld,whereinfectiousdiseasesarecommonplace.”在傳染病屢見不鮮的自然界，保持社交距離并不是一個新概念。可知，本文介紹了自然界中動物保持社交距離的現(xiàn)象?！白匀恢械纳缃痪嚯x”適合作本文標題。故選A?！敬鸢浮?6．D；17．C；18．B；19．G；20．F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了走出舒適區(qū)的好處?！军c評】考查七選五，本文是一篇教育類閱讀，要求在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據(jù)空前“Thecomfortzoneisasafespacewherewedon'trisk,butneitherdowegrow.”舒適區(qū)是一個安全的地方，我們不會冒險，但我們也不會成長；以及空后“Changeandgrowthoccur.Wecannotbecomewhatwewanttobe，remaininginwhatwearetoday.”改變和成長在發(fā)生，我們不能成為我們想成為的人，不能保持我們今天的樣子?？芍孢m區(qū)是一我們無需冒險，但也不能讓我們成長的安全空間；后面講述了改變和成長就出現(xiàn)了。D.Yetmagicalthingshappenoutsidethecomfortzone.“然而神奇的事情發(fā)生在舒適區(qū)之外"符合語境。故選D。17．根據(jù)空前“Safeaswefeelinourcomfortzone,thatspacewillnotprotectusfromtheproblems,whichusuallyappearinlifeinanunexpectedwayproducinggreatchanges.”雖然我們在舒適區(qū)感到安全，但這個空間不會保護我們遠離困難的影響，這些困難通常以一種出乎意料的方式出現(xiàn)在生活中，并使我們的生活產(chǎn)生巨大的變化；以及空后“Theseproblemscanproducepsychologicaldisorders.”這些問題會產(chǎn)生心理障礙?？芍孢m區(qū)也沒有安全感，也會有困難，使生活產(chǎn)生變化。C.Generally,wearenotusedtothem.“通常，我們不適應它們"符合語境。故選C。18．根據(jù)空后“Thecomfortzonerepresentseverythingweknow.Outsideisanotherworldtodiscover.Inthecomfortzonetherearenogreatideasornewdiscoveries.It'snecessarytoleavetheknowntofindtheinspirationtocreativity.”舒適區(qū)代表了我們所知道的一切。外面是另一個需要發(fā)現(xiàn)的世界。在舒適區(qū)里沒有偉大的想法或新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。有必要離開已知去尋找創(chuàng)造力的靈感?？芍?，有必要離開舒適區(qū)去尋找創(chuàng)造力的靈感。B.Increaseyourcreativity.“增加你的創(chuàng)造力"符合語境。故選B。19．根據(jù)空前“Feelmorealive.Leavingthecomfortzone，wemeetnewpeopleandlivenewexperiences.Someoftheseexperienceswillnotbepositivebutotherswillbecomeadrivingforcethatgivesusnewenergy.Thuswe'relearningtoenjoymorelife.”感覺更有活力。離開舒適區(qū)，我們會遇到新的人，體驗新的生活。這些經(jīng)歷中的一些不會是積極的，但是其他的將會成為給予我們新能量的動力。因此，我們正在學習享受更多的生活。可知，我們感覺（生活）更加有活力，這樣我們才能學會更多地享受生活。G.Thefeelingofbeingemptywillbediscoveredtodisappear.“空虛的感覺就會消失"符合語境。故選G。20．根據(jù)空前“Exercisestogetoutofyourcomfortzonewillallowyoutoexpandyourgrowthzonewithoutexperiencingtoomuchanxiety.”走出你的舒適區(qū)的練習可以讓你在不經(jīng)歷太多焦慮的情況下擴展你的成長區(qū)?？芍叱瞿愕氖孢m區(qū)的鍛煉會讓你擴大你的成長區(qū)，而不會經(jīng)歷太多焦慮。F.Facenewchallengeswithanacceptablelevelofanxiety.“在可接受的焦慮水平內(nèi)迎接新的挑戰(zhàn)"符合語境。故選F?！敬鸢浮?1．B；22．A；23．D；24．A；25．B；26．C；27．B；28．D；29．A；30．C；31．C；32．A；33．B；34．D；35．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者在兒子托德車禍去世后，遵守承諾，參加跑步比賽的故事?！军c評】考查完形填空，本題考點涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語等多個知識點的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。21．句意：托德笑了，因為他知道我不擅長跑步。A.sighed“嘆氣”；B.laughed“笑”；C.nodded“點頭”；D.screamed“尖叫”。根據(jù)上文中的“Icouldwalkfasterthanthosewomenrun”及語境可知，Todd笑了，因為他知道母親不擅長跑步。故選B。22．句意：我想都沒想就答應了這個挑戰(zhàn)。A.challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”；B.compromise“妥協(xié)”；C.command“命令”；D.declaration“宣告”。根據(jù)上文“Iwasn'tarunner”及下文“Afewofhisfriendsknewthis‘challenge'IhadagreedtowithTodd.”可知，不經(jīng)思考，作者迅速接受了這個挑戰(zhàn)。故選A。23．句意：在我最瘋狂的夢想中，我從來沒有想象過明年會發(fā)生什么。A.mildest“最溫和的”；B.happiest“最高興的”；C.deepest“最深的”；D.wildest“最狂野的”。根據(jù)空后“dreamdidIeverimagine”及下文“Hehaddiedinacaraccident.”，可知Todd在第二年的比賽到來前因車禍身亡,這是作者最瘋狂的夢也沒有想到的事。故選D。24．句意：當這場比賽快要開始時，托德沒有參加比賽。A.occur“發(fā)生”；B.reward“獎勵”；C.end“結(jié)束”；D.exist“存在”。根據(jù)空前“race”以及空后“Toddwasn'tgoingtoberunning”可知，第二年的比賽快到來時，Todd已經(jīng)無法參賽了。故選A。25．句意：他們開始鼓勵我參加比賽。A.press“按”；B.encourage“鼓勵”；C.bother“使(某人)煩惱”；D.order“命令”。根據(jù)上文“Afewofhisfriendsknewthis‘challenge'IhadagreedtowithTodd.”可知，兒子的朋友知道作者與兒子的約定，在兒子離世后，他們開始鼓勵作者去參加比賽。故選B。26．句意：我沒有訓練或準備任何東西。A.applied“應用”；B.recovered“康復”；C.trained“培訓”；D.digested“消化”。根據(jù)空后“preparedanything”可知，作者沒有經(jīng)過訓練也沒有做任何準備。故選C。27．句意：坦白地說，我?guī)缀跬宋艺f過我會做這件事。A.entertainingly“有趣地”；B.frankly“坦白地說”；C.doubtfully“懷疑地”；D.obviously“明顯地”。根據(jù)空后“IhadalmostforgottenIsaidIwoulddoit”可推知，此處是坦白講，作者幾乎忘記了自己曾經(jīng)說過要參加比賽。故選B。28．句意：我決定遵守我的諾言。A.secret“秘密”；B.distance“距離”；C.kindness“仁慈”；D.promise“諾言”。根據(jù)下文“Whenitwastimefortherace,Iwasalldressedandready.”可知，作者參加了比賽，所以是決定自己應該信守承諾。故選D。29．句意：比賽前，我聽了一些關于如何參加比賽的磁帶。A.tapes“磁帶”；B.lectures“講座”；C.friends“朋友”；D.experts“專家”。根據(jù)下文中的“whenIlistenedtothetapes”可知，比賽前，作者在賽前聽了一些講述如何賽跑的磁帶。故選A。30．句意：當我聽磁帶的時候，我在腦海里一遍又一遍地播放比賽。A.dream“夢”；B.memory“記憶”；C.mind“頭腦”；D.soul“靈魂”。根據(jù)空前“Iplayedtheraceoverandover”和空后“whenIlistenedtothetapes”可知，當作者聽磁帶時，她在腦海中一遍遍地想象著比賽的場景。故選C。31．句意：我很激動。A.desperate“絕望的”；B.heartbroken“極為悲傷的”；C.emotional“情緒激動的”；D.delighted“高興的”。根據(jù)上文“Withoutthinking,Iquicklyagreedtothis2.”可知，這次比賽是作者和Todd的約定，根據(jù)常理推知，此處指當比賽到來時，作者的情緒很激動。故選C。32．句意：脫下所有保暖的衣服，只穿了一件無袖襯衫和短褲。A.tookoff“脫(衣服,帽子,鞋子等)”；B.toreup“撕碎”；C.threwaway“扔掉”；D.handedout“分發(fā)”。根據(jù)空后“ranwithonlyasleevelessshirtandshortson”可知，作者脫去了所有保溫暖的衣服，只穿著無袖襯衫和短褲。故選A。33．句意：沒有什么能讓我沮喪。A.amuse“逗樂”；B.depress“使沮喪”；C.ease“緩解”；D.disappoint“使失望”。根據(jù)上文“Itwasfreezingcoldthatday,butIdidn'tcare.”可知，那天極為寒冷，但作者并不在乎，什么事也不能使她消沉。故選B。34．句意：沒人知道我參選的動機是什么。A.influenced“影響”；B.permitted“允許”；C.directed“監(jiān)督”；D.motivated“成為…...的動機”。根據(jù)空后“metorun”指促使作者去跑步的理由沒人知道，motivatesb.todosth.固定短語，“激勵某人做某事”，故選D。35．句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)跑步可以緩解失去親愛的托德帶來的壓力。A.deepened“變強烈”；B.proved“證明”；C.relieved“減輕”；D.fostered“促