Unit1 2022屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

選擇性必修第二冊(cè)UNIT1

SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS英語(yǔ)2022高考總復(fù)習(xí)GAOKAOZONGFUXI內(nèi)容索引核心考點(diǎn)課堂突破隨堂鞏固遷移運(yùn)用核心考點(diǎn)課堂突破1.contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的;對(duì)立的;不一致的[教材原句]Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.(P2)總的來(lái)說(shuō),對(duì)于霍亂的傳播途徑,那時(shí)候的醫(yī)生有兩種對(duì)立的理論。語(yǔ)境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)Thewitnessesgavetwocompletelycontradictory(contradict)descriptions.[小話題寫作](2)跟維生素有關(guān)的新研究和聲明每天都公布出來(lái),而且很多都自相矛盾。Newstudiesandclaimsaboutvitaminsarepublisheddaily,andmanyseemtocontradict

each

other.考點(diǎn)必記(1)self-contradictory自相矛盾的contradictoryinformation矛盾信息(2)contradictvt.反駁contradictoneself自相矛盾contradicteachother互相矛盾contradictsb反駁某人2.infectionn.感染;傳染[教材原句]Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.(P2)另一種理論是霍亂是由食物或水中的細(xì)菌感染引起的。語(yǔ)境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)Thereisavirusthatinfects(infect)word-processingdocumentsrecently.(2)Theopenwoundsoonbecameinfected(infect).[小話題寫作](3)這種病毒在短短幾天內(nèi)感染了數(shù)千臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。Thisvirusinfected

thousands

of

computerswithindays.(4)她那快樂(lè)的情緒和笑聲感染了全班。Hercheerfulspiritsandlaughterinfect(ed)

the

whole

class.考點(diǎn)必記(1)preventinfection防止感染skininfection皮膚感染(2)infectvt.傳染;感染infectedadj.感染的beinfectedwith被感染(3)infectiousadj.傳染性的infectiouslaughter富有感染力的笑聲ahighlyinfectiousdisease傳染性極高的疾病3.subscribevi.認(rèn)購(gòu)(股份);定期訂購(gòu);定期交納(會(huì)費(fèi));贊同[教材原句]Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.(P2)斯諾贊同第二個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。語(yǔ)境巧練[單句語(yǔ)法填空](1)Mostscientistssubscribetotheviewthattheearthisbecomingwarmerbecauseofhumanactivities.[小話題寫作](2)我們已經(jīng)訂閱了一份晚報(bào)。Wehavesubscribed

toaneveningnewspaper.(3)每個(gè)雇員可以認(rèn)購(gòu)價(jià)值不超過(guò)2000美元的股票。Eachemployeemaysubscribe

forupto$2,000worthofshares.考點(diǎn)必記(1)subscribetoananimalprotectionsociety向一個(gè)動(dòng)物保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)捐款subscribetoamagazine訂閱一本雜志subscribeto同意;贊同subscribefor認(rèn)購(gòu)(股份)(2)subscribern.訂閱者;訂戶4.suspectvt.&vi.懷疑;疑有;不信任

n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑對(duì)象[教材原句]Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.(P2)斯諾懷疑水泵是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住ＵZ(yǔ)境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspected

(suspect)ofdrugdealing.(2)Thedrugis

suspected(suspect)ofcausingover200deaths.

(3)Suspecting(suspect)nothing,hewalkedrightintothetrap.[小話題寫作](4)從他不正常的行為來(lái)評(píng)判,我懷疑他是個(gè)小偷。Judgingfromhisabnormalbehaviour,Isuspected

him

to

beathief.考點(diǎn)必記(1)suspectdanger疑心有危險(xiǎn)suspectone’smotives懷疑某人的動(dòng)機(jī)suspectaplot懷疑有陰謀suspectsbofdoingsth懷疑某人做過(guò)某事suspectsb/sthtobe...懷疑某人/某物是……(2)amurdersuspect殺人犯罪嫌疑人theprimesuspect首要嫌疑人5.blamevt.把……歸咎于;責(zé)怪;指責(zé)

n.責(zé)備;指責(zé)[教材原句]Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.(P2)斯諾懷疑水泵是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住ＵZ(yǔ)境巧練[單句語(yǔ)法填空](1)—Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!—I’mnotto

blame(blame),Mum.Iamwhatyouhavemademe.

(2)Joeisproudandstubborn,neveradmittingheiswrongandalwayslookingforsomeoneelseto

blame(blame).

(3)Theteacherdidn’tknowwhoistoblameforthebrokenwindow.(4)Manychildrenwere

blamed(blame)formakingmistakesintheexam.

[小話題寫作](5)許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)早上起床很難,并把責(zé)任推到鬧鐘上。Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andput

the

blame

onthealarmclock.考點(diǎn)必記betoblame(forsth)該(為……)受責(zé)備,應(yīng)該(為……)負(fù)責(zé)blamesthonsb把某事歸咎于某人blamesbforsth/doingsth因?yàn)槟呈仑?zé)備某人/責(zé)備某人做了某事beblamedfor因……受譴責(zé)/責(zé)備accept/bear/taketheblameforsth對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)任puttheblameonsth把責(zé)任歸咎于……[名師點(diǎn)津]betoblame意為“該受譴責(zé),該受責(zé)備”,用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。6.handlen.把手;拉手;柄

vt.處理;搬動(dòng);操縱(車輛、動(dòng)物、工具等)[教材原句]Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.(P2)相應(yīng)地,他讓人把水泵的把手去掉,這樣它就不能用了。語(yǔ)境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,wemustsendforanengineerto

handle(handle)theproblem.

[小話題寫作](2)然后,先處理最重要的任務(wù),這樣你會(huì)感到真正的成就感。Then,handle

the

most

importanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseofachievement.(3)我們都得學(xué)會(huì)調(diào)節(jié)壓力。Weallhavetolearntohandle

pressure.(4)他轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)把手,打開(kāi)了門。Heturned

the

handleandopenedthedoor.考點(diǎn)必記(1)handleamachine操縱機(jī)器handleaproblem處理問(wèn)題handlethepaperwork處理文書工作handlethedata處理數(shù)據(jù)handleacase處理一個(gè)案件handlethecrisis處理危機(jī)handleacomplaint處理投訴(2)thehandleofthedoor門把手getahandleonsth開(kāi)始了解/掌握某事7.linkn.聯(lián)系;紐帶

vt.把……連接起來(lái);相關(guān)聯(lián)[教材原句]Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.(P3)而且,后來(lái)斯諾能夠表明,其他霍亂的病例和倫敦不同的自來(lái)水公司有關(guān)。語(yǔ)境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)Thetwocitiesare

linked(link)byarailway.

(2)Thepolicemenarelookingforpeoplelinked(link)totheaccidentwhichhappenedlastnight.[小話題寫作](3)這些攝像機(jī)與一臺(tái)功能強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)相連接。Thevideocamerasare

linked

toapowerfulcomputer.(4)英吉利海峽隧道把英國(guó)和歐洲其他國(guó)家連接起來(lái)。TheChannelTunnellinks

Britain

withtherestofEurope.考點(diǎn)必記(1)alinkoffriendship友誼的紐帶alinkbetweendrinkingandlivertrouble喝酒與肝病的關(guān)系(2)belinkedby...用……連接link...with...把……和……連接起來(lái)belinkedto與……有聯(lián)系;與……有關(guān)聯(lián)link...to...把……和……聯(lián)系起來(lái)[名師點(diǎn)津]berelatedto與……有聯(lián)系,與……有關(guān)系relate...to...把……和……聯(lián)系起來(lái)beconnectedwith與……有關(guān)系;與……有親戚關(guān)系connect...with...把……和……連接起來(lái)8.decreasen.減少;降低;減少量

vt.&vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少;減小;降低[教材原句]ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.(P3)通過(guò)斯諾孜孜不倦的努力,自來(lái)水公司開(kāi)始銷售干凈的水,全世界范圍內(nèi)的霍亂威脅有了很大的下降。語(yǔ)境巧練[單句語(yǔ)法填空](1)Watercantransformadesertintoagarden.(2)Transformed(transform)intoafrogbythewitch,theprincewasdrivenoutofthecastle.(3)Asisknowntoall,watercanbe

transformed(transform)intopower.

(4)Inrecentyears,themovieindustryhasundergoneasubstantialtransformation(transform).考點(diǎn)必記(1)o...把……變成……transforminto變成(2)transformationn.改變;轉(zhuǎn)換[名師點(diǎn)津]trans表示“從一……到另一……”,如translate,transplant,transfusion,transport等。9.breakout(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開(kāi)始;爆發(fā)[教材原句]However,aftertheSonghuBattlebroke

outin1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.(P7)然而,在1932年淞滬會(huì)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,錢做出了把專業(yè)改為航空制造業(yè)的決定,因?yàn)樗庾R(shí)到中國(guó)需要自己強(qiáng)大的空軍來(lái)保護(hù)并且保衛(wèi)這個(gè)國(guó)家。語(yǔ)境巧練[選短語(yǔ)填空](1)Themeetingdidn’tbreak

upuntilnoon.

(2)Abigfirebroke

outinthetownlastnight.

(3)Don’tbreak

inwhileothersarespeaking.

breakout,breakoff,breakthrough,breakin,breakinto,breakdown,breakup(4)Aftertenyearsofhardwork,hishealthisbreaking

down.(5)Wehopetobreak

throughsooninthefightagainstAIDS.

(6)Therewasnoonenearbywhomightseehimtryingto

break

intothehouse.

(7)Thetwocountriesbroke

offdiplomaticrelationsbecauseofwar.

考點(diǎn)必記breakdown(機(jī)器)損壞;破壞;(身體/精神)垮下來(lái);感情失去控制breakup拆散,分開(kāi);驅(qū)散,解散;分手breakin強(qiáng)行闖入,侵入;插話breakinto闖入,侵入;突然發(fā)出/做出……breakoff折斷;中斷;停止說(shuō)話;(工作中)稍作休息breakthrough突破10.defendvt.保衛(wèi);防守;辯解[教材原句]However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.(P7)然而,在1932年淞滬會(huì)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后,錢做出了把專業(yè)改為航空制造業(yè)的決定,因?yàn)樗庾R(shí)到中國(guó)需要自己強(qiáng)大的空軍來(lái)保護(hù)并且保衛(wèi)這個(gè)國(guó)家。語(yǔ)境巧練[單句語(yǔ)法填空](1)Theydidn’tgivehimachanceto

defend(defend)himself.

(2)Thewallwasbuiltasadefense(defend)againsttheenemyattacks.(3)Exercisecandefendpeopleagainstillness.[小話題寫作](4)我們所有的警察都接受過(guò)自衛(wèi)訓(xùn)練,能夠?qū)Ω冻值兑u擊。Allourpolicemenaretrainedtodefend

themselves

againstknifeattacks.(5)我得為她說(shuō)句話,她對(duì)此事一無(wú)所知。Ihavetosayin

defense

of

herthatsheknewnothingaboutit.考點(diǎn)必記(1)defend...against...保護(hù)……免受……defendsb為某人辯護(hù)defendoneself為自己辯解defendaplace保衛(wèi)一個(gè)地方defendachild保護(hù)孩子defendone’sconduct為某人的行為辯解defendthecountry保衛(wèi)國(guó)家defendthenationalinterest保護(hù)民族利益(2)defensen.防御;防衛(wèi)indefenseof保衛(wèi);為……辯護(hù)theDepartmentofDefense國(guó)防部asadefenseagainst作為針對(duì)……的防御手段11.inchargeof主管;掌管[教材原句]Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputin

charge

ofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.(P8)他受到了來(lái)自祖國(guó)的英雄般的歡迎,不僅被任命負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)展中國(guó)的火箭事業(yè)還有它的太空導(dǎo)彈項(xiàng)目。語(yǔ)境巧練[單句語(yǔ)法填空](1)Theyleftmeinchargeofthechildrenforaweek.(2)Iamleavingtheschoolinyourcharge.(3)Howmuchdidtheychargefortherepairs?[句式升級(jí)]Heisinchargeofthenewspaper’sadvertisementsection.(4)→Thenewspaper’sadvertisementsectionis

in

the

charge

of

him.(5)→Thenewspaper’sadvertisementsectionis

in

his

charge.考點(diǎn)必記incharge負(fù)責(zé);掌管inthechargeofsb/inone’scharge由……負(fù)責(zé)takechargeof負(fù)責(zé);掌管chargesbsomemoneyforsth因?yàn)槟呈孪蚰橙耸召M(fèi)freeofcharge免費(fèi)chargesbwithdoingsth指控某人做某事12.notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……[教材原句]Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnot

onlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebut

alsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.(P8)他受到了來(lái)自祖國(guó)的英雄般的歡迎,不僅被任命負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)展中國(guó)的火箭事業(yè)還有它的太空導(dǎo)彈項(xiàng)目。語(yǔ)境巧練[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空](1)NotonlyTombutalsohisparentswere(be)invitedtheotherday.(2)NotonlyhisparentsbutalsoTomwas(be)invitedtheotherday.[小話題寫作](3)電腦應(yīng)用于教學(xué)中。結(jié)果不僅節(jié)省了老師的精力,學(xué)生們也對(duì)課堂更感興趣。Thecomputerisusedinteaching.Asaresult,notonlyis

teachers’

energy

saved,butstudentsbecomemoreinterestedinthelessons.考點(diǎn)必記“notonly...butalso...”連接并列成分,當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式采用“就近一致”原則。[名師點(diǎn)津]notonly放在句首,后接句子時(shí)要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),但but(also)后的句子不倒裝。13.aboveall最重要的是;尤其是[教材原句]Above

all,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.(P9)最重要的是,霍金愿意承認(rèn)自己的過(guò)失。語(yǔ)境巧練[選短語(yǔ)填空](1)Thereweretwelveofusin

allfordinner.

(2)Tobegreat,youmustbesmart,confident,and,above

allhonest.

(3)Bobthoughthecouldn’tgotothepartybecausehehadtowriteareport,buthewentafter

all.

(4)Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerfirst

of

allhastoknowtheirstrengthsandweaknesses.

inall,afterall,aboveall,firstofall考點(diǎn)必記inall總共,共計(jì)afterall終究;畢竟(not)atall根本(不)aboveall尤其,最重要的是firstofall首先(強(qiáng)調(diào)次序)[語(yǔ)境串記](méi)Youshouldn’thavescoldedtheboyat

all.Heisachildafter

all.Above

all,hemadeonlytwomistakesin

all.你根本不該責(zé)備那個(gè)男孩。他畢竟還是個(gè)孩子。最重要的是,他總共才出了兩處錯(cuò)。隨堂鞏固遷移運(yùn)用Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Wearefacedwithtwoapparentlycontradictory(contradict)statements.2.Thevaccinewasusedtoprotectthewholepopulationagainstinfection(infect).3.Theauthoritiesnolongersubscribetotheviewthatdisabledpeopleareunsuitableasteachers.4.IthinkTom,ratherthanyouisto

blame(blame)forthematter.

5.Pilcherwas

suspected(suspect)ofgivingawaygovernmentsecretstotheenemy.

6.Mostcustomersweresatisfiedwiththewaytheircomplaintswere

handled(handle).

7.Despitetheintervention(intervene)oftheinternationalcommunity,thetwocountrieswereunabletosettletheirdifferences.8.To

decrease(decrease)theamountofrubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.

9.(2020·天津卷)ThankstotheSilenceMachine,aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.10.(2020·江蘇卷)Thehealthsecuritysystemsofmanycountries