英語八大時態(tài)總結(jié)表

匯報人：xxx20xx-04-08英語八大時態(tài)總結(jié)表目錄CONTENTSPresentsimpletensePresentcontinuoustensePresentperfecttenseSimplepasttensePastcontinuoustensePastperfecttense01PresentsimpletenseThepresentsimpletenseisusedtoexpressactionsorstatesthatoccurregularly,habitually,oraregenerallytrueDefinitionThebasicformofthepresentsimpletenseisthebaseformoftheverb(e.g.,"write,""run")forthefirstandsecondpersonsingularandpluralsubjects,andthethirdpersonsingularsubjectadds"-s"or"-es"tothebaseform(e.g.,"writes,""runs")BasicFormsDefinitionandBasicFormsThirdpersonsingularinfectionrulesforverbs01Regularverbs:Add"-s"or"-es"tothebaseformoftheverb(e.g.,"play"behaviors"plays,"watch"behaviors"watches")02Irregularverbs:Someverbshaveirregularformsinthethirdpersonsingular(e.g.,"have"benefits"has,""be"benefits"is)03Verbsendingin-y:Changethe-yto-ies(e.g.,"carry"benefits"carriers")04Verbsendingin-s,-sh,-ch,-x,or-z:Add-es(e.g.,"guess"behaviors")Habitualactions:"Shealwayswearsasmile."Generaltruths:"Thesunrisksintheeast.""Thetrainleavesat5:00PM.""Iknowtheanswer."01020304CommonusageandexamplesensesPresentcontinuoustenseThepresentsimpletenseisusedforbilateralorgeneralactions,whilethepresentcontinuoustenseisusedforactionsthatarehappeningnoworaroundnowPastsimpletenseThepresentsimpletensedescribesactionsthatoccurinthepresent,whilethepastsimpletensedescribesactionsthatoccurinthepastFuturesimpletenseThepresentsimpletensecanbesometimesusedtoexpressfutureeventsthatarescheduledorreceivedtohappen,butthefuturesimpletenseismoremonlyusedforthispurposeComparisonwithothertensions02PresentcontinuoustenseDefinitionThepresentcontinuoustenseexpressionsactionsoreventsthatarehappeningnow,atthemomentofspeakingBasicFormsThepresentcontinuoustenseisformedusingthepresenttenseoftheverb"tobe"(am,is,are)followedbythe-ingformofthemainverbDefinitionandBasicForms03Verbsendinginaconsonant+vowel+consonant:Doublethefinalconsonantbeforeadding-ing01Verb-ingformalvariationrules02Generalrule:Add-ingtothebaseformoftheverbDefinitionandBasicFormsVerbsendingin-ieChange-ieto-ybeforeadding-ingVerbsendingin-eAdd-ingdirectlytoVerbsendingin-eiftheprecedingsoundisaconsonantIftheprecedingsoundisavowel,dropthe-eandadd-ingDefinitionandBasicFormsThepresentcontinuoustenseismonlyusedtodescribeactionsoreventsthataretemporaryhappeningnow,suchastemporarystates,ongoingactivities,orfuturearrangementsCommonusage"Iamstudyingformyexam.""SheiswatchingTV.""Theyareplayingfootball."ExamplesentencesCommonusageandexamplesensesDifferencesinmeaningThepresentsimpletenseisusedtoexpressdomestic,routine,orgeneralactionsorstates,whilethepresentcontinuoustenseisusedtoexpresstemporaryorongingactionsorstatesExampleparison"Istudyeveryday."(Presentsimpletense,expressingaroutineaction)"Iamstudyingnow."(Presentcontinuoustense,expressingatemporaryactionhappeningatthemomentofspeaking)Comparisonwiththepresentsimpletense03PresentperfecttenseDefinitionandBasicFormsThepresentperfecttenseexpressionsanactionthatoccurredinthepastandhasaconnectiontothepresentDefinitionThepresentperfecttenseisformedusingtheauxiliaryverb"have"or"has"plusthepastparticleofthemainverbForexample,"Ihavefinished"or"Shehasgone."BasicForms"Have/hasbeen"isusedtoexpressapastexperienceorstatethatisstillrelevanttothepresentationForexample,"IhavebeentoParistwo.""Have/hasgone"isusedtoexpressthatsomeonehasleftforadestinationandisnotpresentatthemomentofspeakingForexample,"Shehasgonetothelibrary."Thedifferencebetweenhave/hasbeenandhave/hasgoneVSThepresentperfecttenseismonlyusedtotalkaboutpastexperiences,recentevents,orchangesthathaveoccurreduptothepresentmomentExamplesentences"Ihavealreadyeatendinner.""Theyhavejustarrived.""Haveyouseenmykeys?"CommonusageCommonusageandexamplesensesComparedtothesimplepasttenseThesimplepasttenseexpressionsapletedactioninthepastwithnoconnectiontothepresentationThepresentperfecttense,ontheotherhand,emphasizestheconnectionbetweenthepastactionandthepresentsituationForexample,"Isawthemovieyesterday"(simplepast)versus"Ihaveseenthemoviebefore"(presentperfect)04SimplepasttenseDefinitionThesimplepasttenseisthebasicformofthepasttenseinEnglish,indicatingactionsorstatesthatoccurredinthepastBasicFormsThesimplepasttenseisformedbyadding"-ed"or"-d"tothebaseformoftheverbForexample,"walk"behaviors"walked,"and"thick"behaviors"lagged."DefinitionandBasicFormsMostVerbsformthepasttensebyadding"-ed"or"-d."Forexample,"play"benefits"played,"and"want"benefits"wanted."SomeVerbshaveirregularformsinthepasttenseTheseverbsdonotfollowtheregularpatternofadding"-ed"or"-d."Forexample,"go"benefits"wet,"and"eat"benefits"ate."RegularVerbsIrregularVerbsRulesforthepasttensechangeofverbsVerbsEndingin-yVerbsendinginaconsonantplus-ychangethe-yto-iandadd-ed.Forexample,"study"benefits"studied."0102OneSyllableVerbsEndinginaVowelPlusaConsensusTheseVerbsdoublethefinalconsensusbeforeadding-ed.Forexample,"stop"benefits"stopped."RulesforthepasttensechangeofverbsThesimplepasttenseisusedtodescribepletedactionsoreventsthatoccurredinthepastItisoftenusedwithadvertisementsoftimesuchas"yesterday,""lastweek,"or"in2021."Commonusage"Iwalkedtothestoreyesterday.""SheLaughedwhensheheardthejob.""Theyplayedfootballlastweek."ExamplesentencesCommonusageandexamplesensesDifferenceinmeaningThesimplepasttensefocusesonpletedactionsinthepast,whilethepresentperfecttenseemphasizestherelevanceofpastactionstothepresentUseoftimeexpressionsThesimplepasttenseisoftenusedwithspecifictimeexpressionsreferringtothepast,whilethepresentperfecttenseisusedwithnon-specifictimeexpressionsorwhentheexacttimeisnotimportantExamplesensesparingthetwotensions"Iwenttothemuseumyesterday"(simplepast)vs."Ihavevisitedthemuseumbefore"(presentationperfect)Comparisonwiththepresentperfecttense05PastcontinuoustenseDefinitionThepastcontinuoustense,alsoknownasthepastprogressivetense,isaverbtensethatisusedtodescribeanongingactionoreventinthepastBasicFormsThepastcontinuoustenseisformedbyusingthepasttenseoftheverb"tobe"(was/were)followedbythepresentparticle(-ingform)ofthemainverbForexample,"Iwasstudying"or"Theywereplaying."DefinitionandBasicForms123Theverb"tobe"isconnectedinthepasttenseas"was"(forsingularsubjects)or"were"(forpluralsubjects)Useof"was/were"Themainverbappearancesinitspresentationparticleform(-ing)after"was/were."Followedby-ingformThetenseexpressionsanactionoreventthatwasinprogressataspecifictimeinthepastContinuousaspectThestructuralcharacteristicsofwas/weredoingDescribingpastactionsinprogressThepastcontinuoustenseisoftenusedtodescribewhatwashappeningataspecificmomentinthepastExample:"Whendidyoudrive?Iwashavingdinnerwhenyoucalled."ParallelactionsinthepastItcanalsobeusedtoshowtwoactionshappeningatthesametimeinthepastExample:"WhileIwasstudying,myroomwaswatchingTV."InterruptedactionsThetensecanindicateanactionthatwasinterruptedbyanothereventExample:"Iwasstudyingwhenthepowersuddenlywentout."CommonusageandexamplesensesThesimplepasttenseexpressionspletedactionsinthepast,whilethepastcontinuoustensefocusesonactionsthatwereinprogressThesimplepasttenseofoccurrenceswithspecifictimeexpressions(e.g.,yesterday,lastweek),wherethepastcontinuoustensemaybeusedwithexpressionsindicatingaspecificmomentorintervalinthepast(e.g.,at8o'clock,from6to7)Thepastcontinuoustensecanemphasizethedurationofanactionorevent,whereasthesimplepasttensetendstofocusontheactionasawholeDifferenceinaspectUseoftimeexpressionsEmphasisondurationComparedtothesimplepasttense06PastperfecttenseDefinitionThepastperfecttenseisaverbtensethatexpressesanactionoreventthathasalreadybeenpletedbeforeanotheractionoreventinthepastBasicFormsThepastperfecttenseisformedbyusingtheauxiliaryverb"had"followedbythepastparticleofthemainverbForexample,