2025屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)強(qiáng)化專練考點(diǎn)04閱讀理解議論文及夾敘夾議文含解析

考點(diǎn)04閱讀理解爭(zhēng)論文及夾敘夾議文Passage1（2024·河北高三月考）Robotsaregettingbetteratdoinghumanjobs.That'sprobablygoodfortheeconomy—buttherearesomeseriousdownsides,too.Machinesareexpectedtodisplaceabout20millionmanufacturingjobsacrosstheworldoverthenextdecade,accordingtoareportreleasedbyOxfordEconomics,aglobalforecastingandquantitativeanalysisfirm.Thatmeansabout8.5%oftheglobalmanufacturingworkforcecouldbedisplacedbyrobots.Thereportalsonotesthatthemovetorobotstendstocreatenewjobsasfastasitautomatesthem;however,itcouldcontributetoincomeinequality.Theuseofrobotsisontherise:atthispoint,everynewrobotthatisinstalled(安裝)displaces1.6manufacturingworkersonaverage,accordingtotheOxfordEconomicmodel.Robotsarebecomingcheaperthanmanyhumanworkers,inpartbecauseofthefallingcostsofmachines.Andtheyareincreasinglycapableoffunctioninginmorecomplexprocessesandvariedcontexts.Ontopofthat,thedemandformanufacturedgoodsisrising.Onepotentialdownsizetotherobotrevolution:automationcouldincreaseincomeinequality."Thisgreatdisplacementwillnotbeevenlydistributedaroundtheworld,orwithincountries,"accordingtothereport."Ourresearchshowsthatthenegativeeffectsofrobotizationaredisproportionately(不成比例地)feltinthelower-incomeregionscomparedwithhigher-incomeregionsofthesamecountry."Theworkerswhodriveknowledgeandinnovationwithinthemanufacturingindustrytendtobeconcentratedinlargercities,andthoseskillsarehardertoautomate.That'swhyurbanareaswilldealbetterwiththeincreasedautomation,accordingtothereport.Onthewhole,theincreaseduseofautomationwilllikelycreatenewjobsatapacecomparabletothejobsthatwillbelost,whichcancelsoutfearsaboutpermanentjobdestruction,accordingtotheOxfordstudy.Thatsaid,thepoorerregionsthatareexpectedtolosethemostjobswillprobablynotbenefitequallyfromthisnewjobcreationduetoagapinskills.Thatwillleadtoincreasedincomeinequalitybetweencitiesandruralareas,aswellasbetweenregions.1．What"downside"doestheauthormainlydiscuss?A．Peoplewillnotbeabletofindjobsinthefuture.B．Robotswillfinallytaketheplaceofpeople.C．Displacementbyrobotswillincreaseincomeinequality.D．Robotsarebecomingcheaperthanmanyhumanworkers.2．Whatdotheworkersneedtodotocompetewithrobotsinthefuture?A．Tomakerobotshelpthemwiththeharderwork.B．Toimprovetheirinnovativeabilityandknowledge.C．Tomovetolargercitiesormoredevelopedcountries.D．Tomaketheirskillsfasterandeasiertobeautomated.3．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Theincreaseduseofautomationwillcreatemorejobs.B．Peopleneedn'tworryaboutpermanentjobdestruction.C．Thepoorercountrieswillnotbenefitfromautomation.D．Theincomegapbetweencitiesandruralregionswillwiden.4．Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A．Robotsshouldbebannedinthefuturebecauseofthedisadvantages.B．Robotscandomoreandbetterthanhumansincomplicatedprocesses.C．Theincreasingneedformanufacturedgoodspartlycontributestorobotization.D．Thenegativeeffectsofrobotizationwillbeevenlydistributedaroundtheworld.【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．C【分析】這是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。文章主要講解并描述了機(jī)器人越來(lái)越擅長(zhǎng)做人類的工作。這可能對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)有好處，但也有一些嚴(yán)峻的負(fù)面影響。1．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第五段“Onepotentialdownsizetotherobotrevolution:automationcouldincreaseincomeinequality.”（機(jī)器人革命的一個(gè)潛在縮減:自動(dòng)化可能會(huì)加劇收入不同等。）可知，機(jī)器人的替代將加劇收入不同等。故選C。2．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第六段“Theworkerswhodriveknowledgeandinnovationwithinthemanufacturingindustrytendtobeconcentratedinlargercities,andthoseskillsarehardertoautomate.That'swhyurbanareaswilldealbetterwiththeincreasedautomation,accordingtothereport.”（在制造業(yè)中推動(dòng)學(xué)問(wèn)和創(chuàng)新的工人往往集中在較大的城市，而這些技能更難實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化。報(bào)告稱，這就是為什么城市地區(qū)將更好地應(yīng)對(duì)自動(dòng)化程度提高的緣由。）可知，工人須要提高他們的創(chuàng)新實(shí)力和學(xué)問(wèn)，以在將來(lái)與機(jī)器人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。故選B。3．主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章最終一段“Thatwillleadtoincreasedincomeinequalitybetweencitiesandruralareas,aswellasbetweenregions.”（這將導(dǎo)致城市和農(nóng)村以及地區(qū)之間的收入不同等加劇。）可知，最終一段主要講解并描述了城鄉(xiāng)收入差距進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。故選D。4．推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第四段“Ontopofthat,thedemandformanufacturedgoodsisrising.”（除此之外，對(duì)制成品的需求也在上升。）可推知，對(duì)制成品日益增長(zhǎng)的需求在確定程度上推動(dòng)了機(jī)器人化。故選C。Passage2（（2024·河北石家莊市·石家莊二中高三期中）Iwasspeakingtothefaculty(全體老師)atJohnF.KennedyElementarySchoolinCanton,Massachusetts,acoupleweeksago.Iarrivedearlyanddecidedtotakeawalk.TherewasaLittleLeaguefieldnearby.Ispottedasignonthefence.Thesign,postedbytheCantonLittleLeague,read:PLEASEREMEMBER·Thesearekids.·Thisisagame.·Thecoachesvolunteer.·Youdon’tplayfortheRedSox(anAmericanprofessionalbaseballteam).Ihadtolaugh,especiallyatthejokeabouttheRedSox.ButIthinkthesignisagoodremindertoeveryoneconnectedwithyouthsports－kids,parents,coachesandthefolkswhoruntheleagues－whatisimportantaboutthegames.First,kidswhoplayarejustkids.Theyarenotminiprofessionalathletes.Soyouthsportsleaguesandcoachesshouldtakeiteasyonthem.Kidsdon’tneedlongschedulesandlotsoffarawaygamesorhigh-pressuretournaments.Adultsshouldtrytosetupyouthleaguessomorekidsplaywithandagainstkidsfromnearbyschoolsandneighborhoods.Theyshouldmakeiteasierforkidstoplayasportforjustafewmonthssothattheycantryothersports.Kidsshouldn’tplayonesportyear-round.Andeveryoneshouldstopworryingaboutwhichteamwinsorloses.Afriendofminewhocoachedalotofyouthteamsoncetoldme,“Whenyoucoachkids,it’snothowmanyyouwinorlose,buthowmanysignupfornextseason.”AccordingtotheAspenInstitute’slatest“StateofPlay”report,fewerkidsaresigningup.Researchindicatesasmallerpercentageofkidsages6to12(37percent)areplayingteamsportsonaregularbasisthanin2011(42percent).Theaimofyouthsportsshouldbetohavefun,learnsomeskillsandenjoybeingpartofateam.Whenwelosesightofthosesimplegoals,thegamessuffer,andthekidsstayaway.Maybein2024everyfieldorgymwherekidsplayshouldhaveasignliketheoneinCanton.Allyouwouldhavetodoischangethenameoftheteam.5．Howmighttheauthorfeelseeingthesignonthefence?A．Relieved. B．Worried. C．Confident. D．Disappointed.6．What’stheauthor’sadviceforadults?A．Goeasyonkids. B．Chooseyouthleaguescarefully.C．Encouragekidstosticktoonesport. D．Makeayear-roundscheduleforkids.7．WhatcanbeinferredfromtheAspenInstitute’sreport?A．Kidstodayarelessathletic.B．Feweryouthleaguesarebeingsetup.C．Youthgroupsportsarelosingpopularity.D．Kidsarefocusingmoreonsucceedingthantrying.8．Whatistheauthortryingtodointhelastparagraph?A．Givepraise. B．Expressawish.C．Offersympathy. D．Showdetermination.【答案】5．A6．A7．C8．B【分析】這是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。作者在一所校內(nèi)的圍墻上看到一家青年運(yùn)動(dòng)聯(lián)盟的牌子，探討青少年團(tuán)隊(duì)體育項(xiàng)目的目的在于參與和快樂(lè)而不是輸贏，不應(yīng)當(dāng)過(guò)度強(qiáng)調(diào)競(jìng)技結(jié)果。5．推理推斷題。依據(jù)牌子內(nèi)容的下一段中“ButIthinkthesignisagoodremindertoeveryoneconnectedwithyouthsports－kids,parents,coachesandthefolkswhoruntheleagues－whatisimportantaboutthegames.”（但是我認(rèn)為這個(gè)標(biāo)記牌是一個(gè)很好的提示，提示和青年運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)的全部人-孩子，家長(zhǎng)，教練以及經(jīng)營(yíng)這些團(tuán)體的人們，關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)，最重要的是什么。）由此可知，作者很贊同牌子的內(nèi)容和意義，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，作者應(yīng)當(dāng)是感到欣慰。故選A。6．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中“Theyshouldmakeiteasierforkidstoplayasportforjustafewmonthssothattheycantryothersports.”（成年人應(yīng)當(dāng)讓孩子們一種運(yùn)動(dòng)僅玩幾個(gè)月這件事更簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn)，這樣他們可以嘗試其他的運(yùn)動(dòng)。）由此可知，成年人對(duì)孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)寬容些，允許他們參與不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)，為他們運(yùn)動(dòng)供應(yīng)便利，故選A。

7．推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“AccordingtotheAspenInstitute’slatest“StateofPlay”report,fewerkidsaresigningup.Researchindicatesasmallerpercentageofkidsages6to12(37percent)areplayingteamsportsonaregularbasisthanin2011(42percent).”（依據(jù)Aspen機(jī)構(gòu)最新“運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)”探討報(bào)告，越來(lái)越少的孩子報(bào)名參與青年運(yùn)動(dòng)團(tuán)體。）探討表明，只有很小的比例-37%年齡在6到12歲之間的孩子定期參與團(tuán)體遠(yuǎn)動(dòng)，而這個(gè)比例在2011年是42%。由此可知，參與團(tuán)體體育項(xiàng)目的孩子數(shù)量在削減。故選C。8．推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Maybein2024everyfieldorgymwherekidsplayshouldhaveasignliketheoneinCanton.”（或許在2024年，每一個(gè)孩子運(yùn)動(dòng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)地都應(yīng)當(dāng)有一個(gè)像Canton這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)一樣的標(biāo)牌。）由此可知，這是作者表達(dá)的一種個(gè)人愿望，希望運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)所都能學(xué)習(xí)Canton這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)。故選B。

Passage3（2024·山東高三月考）Whentalkingabouttheeconomicsofonlinepublishing,thefirstthingtorememberisthatjobNo.1isn’ttogetthenewstoyou.Rather,itistomonetizeyou,bysellingyouoff,inrealtime,tothehighestbidder.Thishappenseverytimeyouclickonalink,beforethepagehasevenstartedtoloadonyourphone.Onceuponatime,ifyouandIbothvisitedthesamewebpageatthesametimeusingthesamewebbrowser,wewouldendupseeingthesamething.Today,however,analmostunthinkablyenormousecosystemofscriptsandcookiesandoftenastonishinglypersonalinformationisusedtoshowyouasetofbrandmessagesandsaleslinkswhicharetailoredalmostuniquelytoyou.Thatecosystemraisesimportantquestionsaboutprivacy—thewaythattheminuteyoulookatapairofshoesonline,forinstance,theythenstartfollowingyouaroundeveryotherwebsiteyouvisitforweeks.Butwhetherornotyouvalueyourprivacy,youaredamaged,daily,bythesheerweightofallthattechnology.Onlineadshavenevergotlessannoyingovertime,andyoucanbesurethatmobileadsaregoingtogetmoreannoyingaswell,onceSiliconValleyhasworkedouthowtobetteridentifywhoyouare.Themovetogreaterprivacyprotectionsmighthelpslowthepacewithwhichsuchtechnologiesareadopted.Butthere’snorealistichopethatwebsiteswillactuallyimprovefromhere.Ifyouwanttoavoidthedreadfulexperienceofthemobileweb,you’llonlyhaveonechoice—whichistostartreadingyourarticlesnatively,intheFacebookorAppleNewsapp.Butitwon’tbeFacebookandApplewhokilledthenewsbrands.It’llbeadtech.9．Whatwillhappeniftwopeopleclickonthesamelinktoday?A．Theywillimmediatelygetthenewsthattheywant.B．Theywillseethesamethingwhenevertheybrowse.C．Theywillseedifferentbrandmessagesandsaleslinks.D．Theywillberecommendedtothesamebidder.10．Whycantheonlineadssendyouthelinksuniquetoyou?A．Becausetheecosystemknowswhoyouare.B．Becausetheyknowhowtoidentifywhoyouare.C．Becauseyoudon’tcareaboutyourprivacy.D．Becauseyoualwaysusethesamewebbrowser.11．Howcouldweprotectourprivacyagainstmobileads?A．Byslowingthepacewithsuchtechnologies.B．Byimprovingthewebsitefunctions.C．Bystoppingusingthemobilephones.D．Byreadingarticlesinspecificapps.12．What’stheauthor’sattitudetotheadtech?A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Unconcerned. D．Optimistic.【答案】9．C10．B11．D12．A【分析】本文是爭(zhēng)論文，文章批判智能設(shè)備中植入的廣告科技給讀者帶來(lái)一系列的隱患，侵?jǐn)_了人們的隱私。9．推理推斷題。題干強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“today”。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“Today,however,analmostunthinkablyenormousecosystemofscriptsandcookiesandoftenastonishinglypersonalinformationisusedtoshowyouasetofbrandmessagesandsaleslinkswhicharetailoredalmostuniquelytoyou”（然而，今日，一個(gè)幾乎無(wú)法想象的巨大的腳本和cookie的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，以及常常令人驚訝的個(gè)人信息被用來(lái)向你顯示一組品牌信息和銷售鏈接，這些幾乎是為你量身定制的。）可推知，現(xiàn)在假如兩個(gè)人點(diǎn)擊同一鏈接，他們會(huì)看到不同的廣告和銷售鏈接，這些廣告和信息是依據(jù)他們的個(gè)人信息推送的，故選C項(xiàng)。10．推理推斷題，依據(jù)第三段“Onlineadshavenevergotlessannoyingovertime,andyoucanbesurethatmobileadsaregoingtogetmoreannoyingaswell,onceSiliconValleyhasworkedouthowtobetteridentifywhoyouare.”（在線廣告從來(lái)沒(méi)有隨著時(shí)間的推移變得不那么煩人，而你可以確定的是，一旦硅谷找到了更好地識(shí)別你是誰(shuí)的方法，移動(dòng)廣告也會(huì)變得更煩人。）可知，硅谷（技術(shù)）可以更好地確定你的個(gè)人信息，因此在線廣告能給你發(fā)送獨(dú)特的鏈接。故選B項(xiàng)。11．推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Ifyouwanttoavoidthedreadfulexperienceofthemobileweb,you’llonlyhaveonechoice—whichistostartreadingyourarticlesnatively,intheFacebookorAppleNewsapp”（假如你想避開可怕的移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)體驗(yàn)，你只有一個(gè)選擇，那就是起先在Facebook或蘋果新聞應(yīng)用程序上原生閱讀你的文章。）可知要想避開鏈接廣告的煩擾只能在某些固定的應(yīng)用程序上閱讀文章，故選D項(xiàng)。12．推理推斷題。依據(jù)整篇文章描述，可判知作者對(duì)鏈接廣告很是煩擾，尤其最終一段最終一句“Butitwon’tbeFacebookandApplewhokilledthenewsbrands.It’llbeadtech.”（但殺死新聞品牌的不會(huì)是Facebook和蘋果。它將是廣告技術(shù)。）可知真正起到破壞作用的是“adtech”，由此推知，作者對(duì)此持反對(duì)看法，故選A項(xiàng)。Passage4（2024·渝中區(qū)·重慶巴蜀中學(xué)高三月考）Iftherewereanapponyourphonethatcouldimproveyourmemory,wouldyoutryit?Whowouldn'twantabettermemory?Afterall,ourmemoriesarefragileandcanbeimpaired(損害)bydiseases,injuries,mentalhealthconditionsandaging.Amultibillion-dollarindustryforbraintrainingalreadycapitalizesonthisperceivedneedbyprovidinganabundanceofappsforphonesandtabletsthatprovidementalchallengesthatareeasilyaccessibleandrelativelyinexpensive.However,braintraininghasbecomeacontroversialattempt.Someresearchershaveexpresseddeepreservationsaboutbothitsreliabilityanditsvalidity.Therewasevenastatementissuedcallingbraintrainingintoquestion,which,inturn,resultedinacounterresponsefromresearcherswhodefendedit.Themaincontroversiescenteraroundtheextenttowhichthepracticeoftheseskillsresultsinactualbenefitsthatareconsequentialforyourdailylife.Doesrecallinganincreasingnumberofdigits(數(shù)字)helpyouremembertotakeyourmedication,dobetteronaschoolexam,rememberthenameofthepersonwhomyoumetyesterdayorevenmakebetterlifechoices?Somescientistsquestionwhetherthisisevenpossible.Othersarguethatweshouldconsiderthebrainlikeourmuscles,whichcanbeexercisedandstrengthened.Inthisanalogy(類比),dailychallenges,evendemandingonessuchasreadingadetailednewspaperarticleorsolvinganalgebraproblem,mightnotbesufficientlychallengingtofurnishanadequatework-outforthebrain.Justasathletesengageinstrengthandconditioningbyrepeatedlyexercisingcertainmusclegroupsandbodysystems,targetedrepetitionofmemoryexercisesmaybethekeytostrengtheningaridconditioningourmemoryprocesses.Memorytrainingappsrequiretrackingalargenumberofobjectswhileoneisdistractedwithasecondarytask(suchasmakingmentalcalculations).Thatdegreeofdifficultyandrepetition,however,mayberareindailylife,whichisthegapthatmemoryappsaimtofill.13．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“capitalizeson”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Providesmoneyfor. B．Takesadvantageof.C．Takesnoticeof. D．Makesupfor.14．Whatisresearchers’attitudetowardsbraintraining?A．Theythinkitshouldbetotallybanned.B．Theyareoptimisticaboutitseffectiveness.C．Theyaredividedonitspracticalbenefitsinreallife.D．Theyagreethatitwillposechallengestoourdailylife.15．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Challengesindailylifeprovideenoughexerciseforthebrain.B．Memorytrainingappsmayhelpstrengthenourbrain.C．Regularphysicalexercisecanboostourmentalcapacity.D．Braintrainingmaynotachieveitsdesiredeffects.16．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A．Toprovetheimportanceofbraintraining.B．Toanalyzethebenefitsandrisksofbraintraining.C．Todiscussthereliabilityofmemorytraining.D．Topromoteappsthataretargetedatmemorytraining.【答案】13．B14．C15．B16．C【分析】本文是爭(zhēng)論文。作者探討了大腦訓(xùn)練的可信度。13．詞句揣測(cè)題。從其次段的內(nèi)容“Amultibillion-dollarindustryforbraintrainingalreadycapitalizesonthisperceivedneedbyprovidinganabundanceofappsforphonesandtabletsthatprovidementalchallengesthatareeasilyaccessibleandrelativelyinexpensive.”可知，一個(gè)價(jià)值數(shù)十億美元的大腦訓(xùn)練產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)capitalizeson這種感知需求，為手機(jī)和平板電腦供應(yīng)了大量的應(yīng)用程序，這些應(yīng)用程序供應(yīng)了簡(jiǎn)單獲得且相對(duì)便宜的心理挑戰(zhàn)。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，一個(gè)數(shù)十億美元的大腦訓(xùn)練產(chǎn)業(yè)利用了這種感知需求。由此推知，劃線詞組意為“利用”故選B項(xiàng)。14．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段的內(nèi)容“Themaincontroversiescenteraroundtheextenttowhichthepracticeoftheseskillsresultsinactualbenefitsthatareconsequentialforyourdailylife.”可知，主要的爭(zhēng)議集中在練習(xí)這些技巧能給你的日常生活帶來(lái)多大的實(shí)際好處。由此可知，對(duì)于它在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的實(shí)際好處，探討者們存在分歧。故選C項(xiàng)。15．推理推斷題。文章倒數(shù)其次段說(shuō)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的挑戰(zhàn)，不足以為我們的大腦供應(yīng)足夠的訓(xùn)練，結(jié)合最終一段“Memorytrainingappsrequiretrackingalargenumberofobjectswhileoneisdistractedwithasecondarytask(suchasmakingmentalcalculations).Thatdegreeofdifficultyandrepetition,however,mayberareindailylife,whichisthegapthatmemoryappsaimtofill.”可知，記憶訓(xùn)練應(yīng)用程序須要追蹤大量的物體，而一個(gè)人被次要任務(wù)分散留意力(比如進(jìn)行心算)。然而，這種難度和重復(fù)程度在日常生活中可能很少見，而這正是內(nèi)存應(yīng)用程序想要填補(bǔ)的缺口。由此推知，記憶訓(xùn)練應(yīng)用程序可能有助于增加我們的大腦。故選B項(xiàng)。16．推理推斷題。依據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可得知，作者探討了科學(xué)界對(duì)大腦訓(xùn)練這一做法的有效性的不同看法及其緣由。由此可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了探討記憶訓(xùn)練的牢靠性。故選C項(xiàng)。Passage5（2024·南昌縣蓮塘第一中學(xué)高三月考）Thestorybeganwithayoungmotherwhohadthreesons.Unfortunately,theyoungestsondevelopedslowthinkingskills,nothavingtheintelligenceofhisbrothers.Withdoubledutyasthemotherofthehousehold,shewasexhausted,sothattheyoungestwasoftenthegargetofangerandannoyance.Badwords,suchas“youlittlefool”andthelike,servedasadailymealfortheyoungest.Thewordsandcurseshegotfromthemotherandridiculefromfriendsconvincedhimthathewasdistressingandembarrassinghisfamily.Everymorninghewokeupwithhisownfacestaringfromthemirrorreflection,hestartedtosayquietlyandsadly,“Thefoolisgoingtoschool.”Asadultcitizens,therewascompulsorymilitaryservicewhichshouldbelived.Thus,theyoungestsonalsosignedupandstartedtofollowthevarioustests:amedical,physicalabilitytestandothertests.Onthedayoftheannouncement,hewascalledintotheboardofexaminers.Inhismind,heconvincedhimselfthathewasthefoolandcouldn’tpasstheteststhistimeasheenteredtheroomwithhisheaddown.Itwasnotexpectedatall.Theteststurnedouttohavethehighestpraisefromtheboardofexaminers.“Congratulations,youngman!Yourtestresultsareincredible!Youarereallyagreatandtalentedyoungman.”Wordsfromtheboardofexaminersbecamethediscoveryofanewsideofhimselfthatwasnotknowninadvance.Voicekeptechoinginhismind,suchas“I,thegreatman,amintheshower”,“thegreatmanwasheshisface”,“Thetalentedyoungmanagainbrusheshisteeth”andsoon.Confidenceandimprovedself-imagecamebeyondusual.20yearslater,theyoungestestablishedhimselfasasuccessfulbusinessmanwhowasadmiredandrespected,andreceivedmanyawards.Themindsetandbeliefarethepowerbehindthesuccessthatiswithinus.Whateverwethinkandbelieveinormindcontinuously,itwilleventuallymaterializeinreality.That’stheuniversallyapplicablelaw.17．Whywastheyoungestoftenscoldedbyhismother?A．Hewasnotascleverashisbrother.B．Heconsideredhimselftobeafool.C．Hedidn’tbehavehimselfatschool.D．Hedidn’tcookmealsforhismother.18．Fromthestoryweknowthattheyoungmotheris____.A．selfishandlazy B．gentleandcaringC．ill-temperedandimpatient D．kind-heartedanddiligent19．Whathappenedtotheyoungestsonlateron?A．Hereceivedaidfromothers.B．Hebecameanadmirablepsychologist.C．Hebecameconfidentandsuccessful.D．Hedevelopedstrangementaldiseases.20．Fromthispassage,theauthormainlytellsusthat____.A．Militaryservicecanchangeapersoncompletely.B．Mothersshouldtreateverychildequally.C．Evenafoolcanbecomeasuccessfulbusinessman.D．Thinkbigandyouwillgetbigresults.【答案】17．A18．C19．C20．D【分析】這是一篇夾議夾敘文。作者通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)要講解并描述一則三個(gè)孩子的家庭，小兒子在成長(zhǎng)中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，向我們表達(dá)了來(lái)自別人的認(rèn)可有助樹立信念，在主動(dòng)的心理示意的幫助下，信任自己能夠成就一番大事，這是成功的重要前提之一。17．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)“Unfortunately,theyoungestsondevelopedslowthinkingskills,nothavingtheintelligenceofhisbrothers.（不幸的是，最小的兒子發(fā)展緩慢的思維技能，沒(méi)有他的兄弟們的智力。）”可知，小兒子不如大兒子聰慧，因此常常成為被媽媽生氣的對(duì)象。故選A項(xiàng)。18．推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段“Withdoubledutyasthemotherofthehousehold,shewasexhausted,sothattheyoungestwasoftenthegargetofangerandannoyance.（由于家務(wù)繁重，這位母親身心俱疲，于是總是對(duì)不如其它兄弟聰慧的最小的兒子發(fā)脾氣）”可知，這位母親缺乏耐性，脾氣也不夠好。故選C項(xiàng)。19．推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Confidenceandimprovedself-imagecamebeyondusual.（自信并且提高了的自我形象超出了平常的狀態(tài)。）”可知，小兒子受到四周環(huán)境的影響，變得自信起來(lái)；以及依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“20yearslater,theyoungestestablishedhimselfasasuccessfulbusinessmanwhowasadmiredandrespected,andreceivedmanyawards.（20年后，這位最年輕的兒子成為了一名成功的商人，受到人們的敬佩和敬重，并獲得了很多獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。）”可知，最小的兒子變得很成功。故選C項(xiàng)。20．目的意圖題。閱讀全文以及最終一段“Themindsetandbeliefarethepowerbehindthesuccessthatiswithinus.Whateverwethinkandbelieveinormindcontinuously,itwilleventuallymaterializeinreality.That'stheuniversallyapplicablelaw.（心態(tài)和信念是我們成功背后的力氣。無(wú)論我們始終在想什么、信任什么、想什么，最終都會(huì)在現(xiàn)實(shí)中實(shí)現(xiàn)。這是普遍適用的法律。）”可知，通過(guò)文章作者告知我們，只要信任自己是了不得的人最終才能取得成功。故選D項(xiàng)。Passage6（（2024·四川成都市·北大附中成都為明學(xué)校高三月考）ItwasonApril14th,2010thatmyentirelifechangedinaninstant.OnemomentIwasjoyfullyridingthroughthesunshine.Thenextmoment,metal,fleshandboneswerespreadingagainstthepavementinathunderouscrash.Anothercyclist,bikingcarelessly,hadcutmeoffandsentmesupermanningtowardoncomingtraffic.Asiftosymbolizetheaccidentthathadhitmylife,anotherdisasteralsooccurredonApril14th,2010.Itcosttheairlineindustry$1.7billion.Tenmilliontravelerswerestuckfordays.Economicsallovertheworldweredisturbed.ThiswastheeruptionofEyjafjallajokull,oneofIceland’smanyvolcanoes.However,volcanoesarenotallbad.Infact,theyarenecessary.Theyareresponsibleforthebirthofnewearth,andforthecreationofrichsoil.Thiseruptiongaveoff0.15milliontonsofcarbondioxideintotheatmospheredaily.Butcancelling48%oftheworld’sflighttravelsavedabout2.8milliontonsofCO2fromenteringtheatmosphere,temporarilydecreasingourcarbonfootprint.Similarly,theaccidenthadbadlyaffectedmyemotionbutitalsoallowedmetolookmorecloselyinsidemyselfanddiscoverthingsaboutmyselfIwouldneverhaverealized.Ilearnedhownottojudgemyselfformynewlimitations.In1973,anotherIcelandicvolcano,Eldfell,brokeout.Icelandersdecidedtobombitwithcoldwateruntilitfrozeandchoseadifferentpath.Aftertheirplanworked,theyusedthegeothermal(地?zé)岬?energyforthenext15yearstoheattheirhomes.Agoodexampleoflifebringinglemons,andmakinglemonade!Onemustmoveonfrommisfortunes,focusingonlyonthepresentmomentandbeinghopefulforthefuture.IranfromApril14th,2010toeverykindofescape.EventuallyIendedupinuniversityforanewfoundloveinEarthsciences.25．WhathappenedtothewriteronApril14th,2010?A．Hewasinvolvedinacarcrash.B．Hewitnessedavolcaniceruption.C．Hewasbadlyinjuredonabikeride.D．HewasstuckinanIceland’sairport.26．WhichwasaneffectoftheeruptionofEyjafjallajokull?A．Theworldeconomysufferedbadly.B．Carbondioxideincreasedtemporarily.C．Alloftheworld’splaneswereheldup.D．TheearthinIcelandwasterriblypolluted.27．WhydidthewritermentiontheEldfellvolcano?A．Itencouragedhimtorecoverquickly.B．ItbrokeoutinIcelandonApril14thaswell.C．ItprovedmorevolcanoeshappenedinIceland.D．Itshowedushowtomakethebestofagivensituation.28．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．EscapefromVolcanoes B．LoveforEarthSciencesC．AttitudeTowardNature D．InspirationfromDisasters【答案】25．C26．A27．D28．D【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者把自己遭受突發(fā)事務(wù)和火山爆發(fā)這種自然災(zāi)難進(jìn)行類比，說(shuō)明遭受到不幸也并非都是壞事，面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況要樂(lè)觀主動(dòng)，壞事也可以變成好事。25．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“Thenextmoment,metal,fleshandboneswerespreadingagainstthepavementinathunderouscrash.”（緊接著，金屬、肉和骨頭在雷鳴般的碰撞聲中散落在人行道上。）和“Anothercyclist,bikingcarelessly,hadcutmeoffandsentmesupermanningtowardoncomingtraffic.”（另一個(gè)騎自行車的人漫不經(jīng)心地騎著自行車，把我擋在了前面，把我逼向迎面而來(lái)的車流）可知，一個(gè)馬虎的騎車人撞到了作者，他遭受了事故，受傷嚴(yán)峻。故選C。26．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段中的“Economicsallovertheworldweredisturbed.”（全世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)都受到了干擾。）可知，艾雅法拉火山爆發(fā)后，全世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)都受到了干擾，即火山的爆發(fā)使全球經(jīng)濟(jì)受損。故選A。27．推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第五段中的“Aftertheirplanworked,theyusedthegeothermal(地?zé)岬?energyforthenext15yearstoheattheirhomes.”（在他們的安排成功后，他們?cè)诮酉聛?lái)的15年里運(yùn)用地?zé)崮転樗麄兊募彝ス┡＃?，并結(jié)合“Onemustmoveonfrommisfortunes，focusingonlyonthepresentmomentandbeinghopefulforthefuture.”（一個(gè)人必需從不幸中走出來(lái)，只關(guān)注當(dāng)下，對(duì)將來(lái)充溢希望。）可推知，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用特定的環(huán)境，將壞事變?yōu)楹檬?。故選D。28．主旨大意題。本文作者通過(guò)講解并描述自己遭受和火山爆發(fā)帶來(lái)的好處及壞處，啟示人們要主動(dòng)應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況。D項(xiàng)：InspirationfromDisasters（靈感來(lái)自災(zāi)難）符合題意。故選D。Passage7（2024·南昌縣蓮塘第一中學(xué)高三月考）It’softensaidofBritishpeoplethattheyareveryawareofeachother’ssocialrank.Britonscanusuallyworkoutafellowcountryman’sbackgroundfromthewaytheyspeakordress,andmayeventreatthemdifferentlybasedonthis.Butalthoughthismayhavebeentruerinthepastthanitistoday.VisitorstoBritainsaythattheystillnoticeit.ThecomicplayPygmalionbytheIrishmanGeorgeBernardShaw(1856-1950),isafamousexplorationoftheimportanceofsocialrankinBritishsociety.Themainstoryoftheplayconcernsaworkingclassgirl,ElizaDoolittle,aflowersellerfromLondon.TwoupperclassgentlementrytoseeiftheycangetDoolittletoappearlikeanupperclassladyaftersendingherforelocutionlessons.ProfessorHenryHiggins,alanguageexpert,saysitcanbedone;hisfriendColonelPickeringsaysthatit’simpossible.Evenso,HigginssetsouttoteachElizahowto“speakproperly”.OfcourseElizaisn’talumpofclay;shehasherownwill.Shecanseethatit’sinherbestinteresttogoalongwithHiggin’splanto“improveherself”.Shewantstobeabletosellflowersinashopratherthanonthestreet.Still,Eliza’swillfulnessmeansthatit’sabumpy（坎坷的）rideforeveryone.Atthebeginningoffourthact,thecharactersareathomeafteraball（舞會(huì)）,atwhichElizaprovedthataflowergirlcanpassherselfoffasaladyafterall.Shewasatriumphatthebal