2025人教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)全冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)清單

Oneisnevert。。oldtolearn.活到老學(xué)到老。

時(shí)態(tài)：4種一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/ia/are/do/does

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,hardlyever,never,everyday,

onceaday,twiceaweek,threetimesayear...

陳述句：主語(yǔ)+be+表語(yǔ)（其它）。Therearetwobooksonthedesk.（^i^I）

Thisismymother.（名詞）Mysisteris2yearsold.（數(shù)詞）

Mybooksareonthedesk.（介詞地點(diǎn)）Thestoryisquiteinteresting.（形容詞）

Fmhere.（副詞）*be+名詞/數(shù)詞/介詞地點(diǎn)/形容詞/副詞★

陳述句：主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+其它。IwatchTV.Shesings.

Bobplaysgameswithhissister.Myparentslikeme.

否定句：主語(yǔ)+be+not+其它。Therearen'ttwobooksonthedesk.

Thisisnotmymother.Mysisterisnot2daysold.

否定句：主語(yǔ)+doift/doesn-+動(dòng)詞原形+其它,Idon'twatchTV

Bobdoesn'tplaygameswithhissister.Myparentsdon'tlikeme.

一般疑問(wèn)句：Be+主語(yǔ)+其它？Aretheretwobooksonthedesk?

Isthisyourmother?Yes,itis./No,itisn'tIsyoursister2daysold?

一般疑問(wèn)句：助動(dòng)詞do/does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？DoyouwatchTV?

DoesBobplaygameswithhissister?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.

特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句？WhendoesMikegetup?

Whenisyourbirthday?Whatclubdoyouwanttojoin?

Whatcoloristhepen?Howdoesshegotoschool?

Howfarisit?Whattimedoyougetup?

Whattimeisit?Howlongdoesittaketogettoschool?

Howwasyourlastweekend?Whatdidyoudolastsummervacation?

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：bedoinR

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now=rightnow現(xiàn)在，atthistime在這時(shí),atthemoment此刻，

Look!看，Listen!聽(tīng)，thesedays這些天，thisweek這周

肯定句：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+doing+其他+時(shí)狀.Heisdoinghishomeworknow.

I'mdoingsomecookingathomenow.Theyareallenjoyingthemselves.

Hersister,Betty,isplayingcomputergames.HermotheriswatchingTV.

否定句：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+not+doing+其他+時(shí)狀.

Heisnotdoinghishomeworknow.

一般疑問(wèn)句：Am/Is/Are+主語(yǔ)+doing+其他+時(shí)狀？Ishedoinghishomeworknow?

肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+am/is/are.Yes,heis.

否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+amnot/isn't/aren'tNo,heisn't.

特殊疑問(wèn)句形式:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/am/are+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他？

Whatisyourbrotherdoing?Whataretheydoing?

一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were/d股

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：twohoursago（一段時(shí)間+ago）,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday前天，yesterday

evening,lastweek上周，last+year/night/month,in1999,justnow岡U才，

attheageof4,oneday一天,longago二longlongago=onceuponatime（很久以前），

thismorning.今天早上

一般過(guò)去式：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成分？Yes,主語(yǔ)+did./No,主語(yǔ)+didn，t.

Didyoudoyourhomeworkyesterday?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.

肯定句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)罷式+其它。Isawquitealot.

IwatchedTVyesterday.Bobdidhishomework.

Iwasfiveyearsoldlastnight.Mybagwasonthedeskyesterday.

否定句：Ididn'twatchTVyesterday.

Bobdidn'tdohishomework.Shewasn'tsixyearsoldlastyear.

一般疑問(wèn)句：DidyouwatchTVyesterday?Yes,Idid.

Wereyoufiveyearsoldlastnight?No,Iwasn't.

特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whatdidyoudolastnight?Whovisitedgrandparentslastweekend?

一般將來(lái)時(shí)：begoingtodo/begoingtobe

Willdo/willbe

八上知識(shí)點(diǎn)

Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?

1.How/whatabout+n/pron/V-ing?…怎么樣？（表建議詢(xún)問(wèn)）

Ilikered.Whataboutyou?（主語(yǔ)為人）

Mybagisred.Whataboutyours?（主語(yǔ)為物）

Whataboutgoingforawalk?

Whatdoyouthinkof/about,,?=Howdoyoulike???你認(rèn)為.??怎么樣?

Whatdoyouthinkofthismovie?=Howdoyoulikethismovie?

Whynotdo?為什么不做…?呢？=Whydon5tyoudo?

Whynotstudyhard?=Whydon'tyoustudyhard?為什么不努力學(xué)習(xí)？

2.moststudents=mostofthestudents大部分學(xué)生mostofus/them

Ijuststayedathomemostofthetimetoreadandrelax.

oneof+themost+adj最高級(jí)+n復(fù)數(shù)”表“最?,?之一”

HeisoneofthemostfamouswritersinChina.在中國(guó)，他是最出名的作家之一。

amust+adj+n常Hangzhouisamostbeautifulcity.杭州是非常漂亮的城市。

3.havefun=enjoyoneself=haveagood/great/wonderfultime+（in）V-ing

（做某事）玩得高興WehavefunlearningandspeakingEnglish.

WeenjoyourselveslearningandspeakingEnglish.

反身代詞第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)

單數(shù)myself我自己yourself你自己himself/herself/itself

復(fù)數(shù)ourselves我們自己yourselves你們自己themselves他彳門(mén)自己

enjoy/likedoing喜歡做某事dislikedoing不喜歡做某事（unlike,prep.不像）

some-any-no-every-

指

someone=有anyone=任何noone沒(méi)有everyone=人人

人

somebody人anybody人=nobody人everybody

指something某物anything任何事nothing沒(méi)有事everything一切事

物

地somewhere某地anywhere任何地方nowhere無(wú)處everywhere至U處

點(diǎn)

4.adj修飾不定代詞要后置anythingspecialsomethingimportant

enough.adv.修飾adj/adv后置oldenoughfastenough

else.adj.修飾疑問(wèn)代詞/不定代詞后置what/whoelse,somethingelse,anywhereelse

anyone任何人，只用于指人，一般用在否定句，疑問(wèn)句中，后面不接of短語(yǔ)。

復(fù)合不定代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)位于動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Isthereanyoneathome?

Everyoneisheretoday.

anyone任何一個(gè)，指人或物，后面接of短語(yǔ)。Youcantakeanyoneofthesebooks.

Hehassomethingimportanttodo.他有重要的事情要做。（肯定句用something,形容詞important

放后）Didyoubuyanythingspecial?（一般疑問(wèn)句用anything）

Didyougoanywhereinterestinglastmonth?

5.感嘆句：How+adj/adv+主謂!Howinterestingthebookis!（adj）---be+adj

How+adj/adv+a/an+n單+主謂!Howwellheplaysthepiano!（adv）——do+adv

What+a/an+adj+n單+主謂!Whatadifferenceadaymakes!（n單）

What+adj+n復(fù)/不可數(shù)+主謂!Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!（n復(fù)）

Whatdeliciousbread!（不可數(shù)名詞）主謂均可省

6.toomany“太多”修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Mymotherboughttoomanyeggsyesterday.

toomuch“太多”修飾不可數(shù)名詞；Wehavetoomuchworktodo.

v+toomuchDon'ttalktoomuch.Thatboyeatstoomuch,

muchtoo"實(shí)在太"修飾形容詞或副詞Thehatismuchtoobigforme.

You'rewalkingmuchtoofast.

7?keep?v,“保持???（持續(xù)的）狀態(tài)"+adj/adv/prep/doing.

keepdoing繼續(xù)做某事（無(wú)間斷）keepondoing一直繼續(xù)做某事（有間斷）

keep（sb./sth.）+adj（使某人）保持某種狀態(tài)Youshouldkeepquiet.Keephealthy,

keepsb./sth.+介詞短語(yǔ)使...處于某種狀態(tài)Hekeepsathomebecauseitishot.

keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.阻止，保護(hù)...不受keepashop開(kāi)商店keepupwith趕上

8.startdoing=starttodo開(kāi)始做某事=begintodo=begindoing

Hestarteddoinghishomework.

但以下幾種情況不能用begin.

1）倉(cāng)1J辦，開(kāi)辦：Hestartedanewbikeshoplastmonth.

2）機(jī)器開(kāi)動(dòng)：Ican'tstartmycar.

3）出發(fā)，動(dòng)身：Iwillstarttomorrowmorning.

9.different.adj.不同的differently,adv.不同地difference,n（可數(shù)）不同

bedifferentfrom“與…不同”說(shuō)一件事和做一件事很不相同。

Sayingathingisverydifferentfromdoingit.makeadifference有所不同，起作用

thesameas”和.??一樣/相同"Herhairisthesamecolorashermother's.

Iaminthesameschoolasmyyoungersister.我和我的妹妹在同一所學(xué)校。

build.v.建造建筑building.n.建筑物builder.n.建設(shè)者建設(shè)工人

lO.Theonlyproblemwasthattherewasnothinqmuchtadointheeveningbutread.

（主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句）

nothingmuchtodo沒(méi)什么事可做

nothing...but+n/do除…之外什么也沒(méi)有；只有

Ihavenothingspecialtodothisafternoon.

Hehadnothingtodoathomebutreadyesterday.

IhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.昨天他在家除了讀書(shū)無(wú)事可做。

ll.remembe”for口et+todo記得/忘記要做某事stoptodo停下來(lái)去做某事

remember/forget+doing記得/忘記做過(guò)某事stopdoing停止正在做的事

stopsbfromdoing阻止sb做sth

goonwith/doing繼續(xù)原來(lái)的事goontodo繼續(xù)做別的事

12.主語(yǔ)+seem+（tobe）+表語(yǔ)（n/adj）Tomseemstobeasmartboy/happy.

Itseemsthat從句Itseemsthatheunderstand.Itseemsthatnoonebelieveyou.

主語(yǔ)+seemtodoHeseemstounderstand.Theyseemtothinkso.

seemlike…?好像,似乎…Itseemslikeagodidea.Heseemslikeadoctor.

13.adj以-ing結(jié)尾”令人，,?的”指物：exciting,interesting,relaxing,boring

以-ed結(jié)尾“人感到…的“指人：excited,interested,relaxed,bored

Theexcitingnewsmadeusexcited.這個(gè)令人興奮的消息讓我們感到興奮。

Iamrelaxed.我感到很放松Thisstoryisboring.這個(gè)故事令人無(wú)聊

14.詢(xún)問(wèn)價(jià)格：Howmuchis/are????What^sthepriceof+nM/M?

Sthbeexpensive/cheap.主語(yǔ)指物Thepriceofsthishigh/low.主語(yǔ)指價(jià)格

Thebooksarecheap.書(shū)便宜。Thepriceofthebooksislow.書(shū)的價(jià)格低

15.enouwh+n=n+enoughenoughtime6noughmoney

haveenough…todosthIhaveenoughtimetofinishthework.

adj/adv+enougholdenoughfastenough

adj/advenoughforsbtodosthThejobiseasyenoughformetodo.

Thebookisn'teasyenoughformetoread.

too+adj/adv+todo太?.而不能Thebookistoodifficultformetoread.

so+adj/adv+that+結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句ThebookissodifficultthatIcan'tread.

“如此…以致…”IwassobusythatIdidn'tgotosleepfor3days.

sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀從，以便，為了（inorderto）

Theygotupearlysothattheycouldcatchtheearlybus.

so+adj+（a/an+n單數(shù)）thatItissoimportantameetingthatIcan'tmissit.

such+a/an+adj+n單數(shù)+thatItissuchanimportantmeetingthatIcan'tmissit.

such+adj+n復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)+that,such+n+that,so+adj+that

Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.他如此年輕以至于不能去上學(xué)。=Heistooyoungtogo

toschool.他太年輕以至于不能去上學(xué)。=Heisn9toldenoughtogotoschool.

16.decide（not）todoTheydecidetovisitthemuseum.Hedecidedtogohome.

decidethat從句Ican'tdecidewhereIshouldgo.（makeadecision作一個(gè)決定）

dedde+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式Hecannotdecidewhentoleave,（makeadecisiontodosth）

17.try（not）todosth盡力做某事Hetriedtohelptheoldman.

trydoingsth嘗試做某事Theboytriedridingbicycle.

try/doone5sbesttodosth盡某人最大努力去屐某事tryiton試穿（動(dòng)副結(jié)構(gòu)）

WeshouldtryourbesttostudyEnglishwell.tryout試驗(yàn)haveatry/go試一試

18.taste嘗起來(lái)、look看起來(lái)、sound聽(tīng)起來(lái)、feel摸起來(lái)、smell聞起來(lái)均

為感官動(dòng)詞+adjlook+adj看起來(lái)???looklike+n

Thefoodtastesdelicious.這食品嘗起來(lái)非?？煽?。TheT-shirtlooksbeautiful.

Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.（agoodidea名詞短語(yǔ)）Thatfenlslikepotatoes.

feellike感覺(jué)像+從句IfeltlikeIwasabird.

feellikedoingsth=wanttodo=wouldliketodo想要做某事

wantsbwantsthwant（sbnot）todo

19.because+從句Idon'tbuytheshirtbecauseitwastooexpensive.

becauseof+n/V-ing/代詞Hecan'ttakeawalkbecauseoftherain.

20.alittle=abit=alittlebit=kindof+adj/advalittlequiet

Lilyisalittleclever.（修飾形容詞）Theboyofteneatsalittlequickly.M修飾副詞）

alittle=abitof+不可數(shù)名詞（一點(diǎn)兒）abitofwater=alittlewater

v+alittleIcandrawalittle.Lethimsleepalittle.讓他睡一會(huì)兒。

alittle+不可數(shù)名詞（肯定含義）Thereisalittlewater.有一點(diǎn)兒水。

little+不可數(shù)名詞（否定含義）Thereislittlewater.幾乎沒(méi)有水。

afew+可數(shù)名詞（肯定含義）Shehasafewfriends.她有一些朋友。

few+可數(shù)名詞（否定含義）Hehasfewfriends.他幾乎沒(méi)有朋友。

quiteafew相當(dāng)多=many+名詞復(fù)數(shù)onebowlofrice一碗米飯

quitealittle相當(dāng)多+不可數(shù)名詞onlyafew=few表否定，幾乎沒(méi)有

quitealotof許多，大量alotof=lotsof二plentyof許多

21.comeup升起，發(fā)生comedown下降comein進(jìn)來(lái)

comeupwith追上，想出cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)comeover過(guò)來(lái)

comeout出來(lái)，出版，開(kāi)花comehere至！J這兒comeback回來(lái)，記起

comealong一起去，進(jìn)展comeon趕快，加油

22.visitsb看望某人，拜訪某人visitthegrandparents

visitsp參觀某地visitShanghai——visitor游客

walkaround四處走動(dòng)walkupto+地點(diǎn)走到…

keepadiaryt己日ifi（diaries）goonvacation去度假

beonvacation在度假goonvacationinHainan海南

beonvacationwithsb與某人度假studyforatest為考試而學(xué)習(xí)

goout（withsb）（某人）夕卜出gettothetop至（J達(dá)山頂gettothetopofthemountain

buy/getsbsth=buy/getsthforsb為某人買(mǎi)某物tellastory講故事

tellsb（not）todosth告訴某人（不要）做某事tellsbtodotellthetruth講真相

tellsbsth二tellsthtosbtellalie撒謊drinktea喝茶

lookatthemap看地圖onthebeach在海灘

bringsb/sthto+sp把某人/某物帶到某地gotothebeach去海灘

getto=arrivein/at=reach,到達(dá)（后接地點(diǎn)副詞home/here/there，不用介詞in,at,to）

Tomgothomeyesterdayevening=Tomarrivedhomeyesterdayevening.昨晚湯姆至?。┘?。

23.waitfor等待waitalongtimeforthetrain

goshopping=dosomeshopping=shop去購(gòu)物takethetrain乘火車(chē)bytrain

takephotos拍照rainhard=rainheavily雨下得大rainalittle雨下得小

findout查明，弄清find找至!J（結(jié)果）lookfor尋找（過(guò)程）

goclimbing去爬山goskating去滑雪gohiking去遠(yuǎn)足

gobikeriding去騎自行車(chē)gofishing去釣魚(yú)godancing去跳舞

gocamping去野營(yíng)gosurfing去沖浪goswimming去游泳

goboating去劃船gosightseeing去觀光dosomelistening多聽(tīng)

dosomereading閱讀dosomewashing洗涮dosomeswimming游泳

dosomecooking做飯dosomespeaking多說(shuō)

24.morethan=over超過(guò)lessthan少于moreorless或多或少

overanhour一個(gè)多小時(shí)one/anhourlater?個(gè)小時(shí)以后

twentyminuteslater20分鐘后thenextday第二天nextday明天

Longtimenosee.好久不見(jiàn)。ofcourse二certainly=sure當(dāng)然

anothertwohours二twomorehours另夕卜兩小時(shí)thetopofthehill山頂

25.inthecorner在角落里（指在建筑物里面）lastAugust去年八月

atthecomer在拐角處（指在建筑物外面或道路的拐角）at9:30a.m.上午9:30

inthecountryside在鄉(xiāng)下upanddown上上下下at12:00atnight晚上12點(diǎn)

intherestaurant在飯店atthetopof在…頂端，名列…之前（強(qiáng)調(diào)點(diǎn)）

intheshoppingcenter在購(gòu)物中心onthetopof在…上面（強(qiáng)調(diào)面）

inexcitement興奮地alongtheway沿途inthepast在過(guò)去

onMonday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday/Sunday

Unit2Howoftendoyouexercise?

1.—HowlongdoesittaketogettoShanghaifromhere?

-Atleasttenhours.

How如何（方式）

詞語(yǔ)詞義用法答語(yǔ)特征

howlong多久時(shí)間多久及物體長(zhǎng)度f(wàn)or/about+一段時(shí)間

howoften多久一次詢(xún)問(wèn)動(dòng)作的頻率①often②twiceaweek>③everymonth等

howsoon多快,過(guò)多久詢(xún)問(wèn)時(shí)間多快in+一段時(shí)間

howfar多遠(yuǎn)詢(xún)問(wèn)距離多遠(yuǎn)tenminutes9walk10分鐘步行的距離、

（Ifs+）數(shù)詞+miles/meters/kilometers

howmany多少詢(xún)問(wèn)可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

多少詢(xún)問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量數(shù)詞+表示量的詞+不可數(shù)名詞

howmuch

多少錢(qián)詢(xún)問(wèn)價(jià)格數(shù)詞+錢(qián)

—Howlongistheruler?---About20cm.

—HowoftendoyouwatchTV?---1watchTVeveryday.（every….句末）

Howoften有三種回答方式---1hardlyeverwatchTV.（always行前系后）

---1watchTVtwiceaweek.（句末）

—Howsoonshallweknowtheresults?---1don'tknow.

—Howfarisitfromheretothepark?-It"sabout2kilometers.（間距離）

-Howmanypicturesarethereonthewall?—Four.（問(wèn)數(shù)量）

---Howmuchwateristhereintheglass?—Alittle.（問(wèn)數(shù)量）

—Howmucharetheapplesinthebasket?---Theyarenineyuan.（問(wèn)價(jià)格）

—Howmuchisthisbag?---It'sfivedollars.（問(wèn)價(jià)格）

其它：

—Howareyou?---VmOK.（詢(xún)問(wèn)身體健康）

---How'stheweathertoday?---It'scloudy.（問(wèn)天氣）

—Howdoesyourmothergotoworkeveryday?---Shegoestoworkbybike.（問(wèn)方式）

—Howdoyoulikethisbook?---It'sinteresting.（問(wèn)程度）

—Howoldisyourfriend?---Heis14（yearsold）.（問(wèn)年齡）

—Howdoyoufeel?—Happy.

—Howisthefoodattherestaurant?——Delicious.

2.exercise.n.（可數(shù)）操，練習(xí)Wedomorning/eyeexerciseseveryday.

WedoEnglishexercisestohelpuslearnEnglishwell.我們做英語(yǔ)練習(xí)以便學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。

n.（不可數(shù)）鍛煉takemuch/moreexercise=exercise=do/playsports

Exercisemakesmekeephealthy.運(yùn)動(dòng)使我保持健康。（不可數(shù)n+三單）

Johnlikestotakeexerciseintheopenair.約翰喜歡在戶外鍛煉。

3.watch觀看，看watchTV看電視

watchafootball/soccergame看一場(chǎng)足球比賽

watchaboatrace看龍舟比賽watchthenews看新聞

watchNBAgames看NBA球賽watchamovie看電影=gotothemovies

watchsbdo/doingIcanseethebirdinthetree.

see看見(jiàn)（看的結(jié)果）seeamovie看電影gotothemovieseeadoctor看病

look看（看的動(dòng)作）Pleaselookattheblackboard.Look!Tomisoverthere.

read閱讀，讀書(shū)，讀報(bào)readanewspaper看報(bào)紙readastoryreadstories

4.helpwithhousework幫助做家務(wù)helpsbwithsth/doinq=helpsb（to）do

Hehelpsme（to）leamEnglish.=HehelpsmewithmyEnglish.

can5thelpdoing情不自禁做某事helponeself（tosth）.隨便吃（某物）

withsb's/one'shelp=withthehelpofsb在…的幫助下

WithMary9shelp,ImadegreatprogressinEnglishlearning.=WiththehelpofMary,Imadegreat

progressinEnglishlearning.在Mary的幫助下，我在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方面取得了大的進(jìn)步。

5.頻度副詞（行前系后）（系后：be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞的后面）

always總是、永遠(yuǎn)地100%usually通常70%左右often經(jīng)常50%左右

sometimes有時(shí)20%左右seldom很少10%never從不0%

hardlyever幾乎不5%左右=hardly=almostnot

Heusuallygoestobedatteno'clock.Peterisalwayslateforschool.

Sometimeshedoesitthiswayandsometimeshedoesitthatway.

他有時(shí)這樣做,有時(shí)那樣做。

sometimes=attimes=fromtimetotime有時(shí)

單詞詞義用法

sometimes有時(shí)用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)中

sometime某時(shí)（時(shí)間點(diǎn)）用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)中

sometime一段時(shí)間可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)（指時(shí)間段）

sometimes幾次，幾倍表示次數(shù)或倍數(shù)

Hewassometimeslateforschool.他有時(shí)上學(xué)遲到。

Hecameheresometime.他某個(gè)時(shí)候來(lái)過(guò)這里。

Hewillstaythereforsometime.他將在那里待一段時(shí)間。

Shecamehomesometimes.她回了幾次家。

hard.adj.“困難的:硬的；hardwork困難的工作adj+n

hard.adv.常表示程度“努力地:猛烈地；劇烈地workhard工作努力v+adv

Thisgroundistoohardtodig.這塊地太硬，挖不動(dòng)。（be+adj,har作形容詞）

Theytriedhardtosucceed.他們努力工作，以求得成功。（v+adv,hard作副詞）

hardly是表頻率的副詞，意為“幾乎不；幾乎沒(méi)有”=almostnot

Thereishardlyanycoffeeleft.=There9salmostnocoffeeleft.

hard-working,adj勤奮的，努力工作的ahard-workingboy（作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞）

Thisboyishard-working.（作表語(yǔ)）

6.no是形容詞，后接可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞=not...a/anyo

Ihavenofriends.=Idon'thavea/anyfiriend.我沒(méi)有朋友。

【拓展】（1）no常用于省略句中，表示“不許，不可，不要九

Nosmoking!不要抽煙。Nophotos!禁止拍照！

（2）no可單獨(dú)使用，回答一般疑問(wèn)句，而not則不能單獨(dú)使用。

一CanIcome?一No,youcan't.

（3）not...atall:一點(diǎn)兒也不（not構(gòu)成否定句）Sheisn'tcuteatall.（主be表）

Idon'tlikethemovieatall.我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡這部電影。（主謂賓）

Hedidn'tdohishomeworkatallyesterday.昨天他根本沒(méi)有做作業(yè)。（主謂賓）

7.花費(fèi)：人+spend/spends/spent+時(shí)間/錢(qián)+（in）doing

人+spend/spends/spent+時(shí)間/錢(qián)+onsthspendtimewithsb

人+pay/pays/paid+錢(qián)+forsth

Ittakes/tooksb+時(shí)間+todosth

物+cost/costs+sb+錢(qián)Lily花了4元買(mǎi)了本書(shū)。

Lilyspends4yuanonabook.=Lilyspends4yuaninbuyingabook.=Lilypays4yuanfora

book.=IttakesLily4yuant。buyabook.=AbookcostsLily4yuan.

8.begoodfor對(duì)...有好處bebadfor對(duì)...有害處

Swimmingisgoodforourhealth.Junkfoodisnotgoodforus.

WatchingTVisbadforoureyes.Smokingisbadforyou.

1）begoodto，，對(duì)…好”，反義短語(yǔ)bebadto“對(duì)…不好”。介詞to之后一般接表示人的名詞或

代詞。Thebossisbadtohisworkers.那個(gè)老板對(duì)他的工人不好。

Sheisverygoodtous.她對(duì)我們很好。

2）begoodat“在???方面擅長(zhǎng)”后常接n/pron/doing=dowellin

SheisgoodatEnglishandChinese.=ShedoeswellinEnglishandChinese.

3）begoodwith...與…相處得好；與…合得來(lái)=getonwellwith

AuntWangisgoodwitholdpeople.=AuntWanggetsonwellwitholdpeople.

9.free空閑的inone'sfreetimebefree二havetime（反）bebusy

自由的asfreeasafishbefreetodo自由地做某事

免費(fèi)的Thebestthingsinlifearefree,freedom,n?自由

bebusy，忙的二havenotime.bebusydoingbebusywithsth.

befullof充滿二befilledwith.befull飽的---behungry饑餓的

befull滿的---beempty空的befull（forsb）（對(duì)sb來(lái)說(shuō)）是忙的

lO.suchas+n/pron/doing比如（幾個(gè)）forexample例如（一個(gè)）

Helikesfruits,suchasapples,bananas.他喜歡水果，例如蘋(píng)果、香蕉等。

HehassomegoodwaystostudyEnglish,forexample,heoftenlistenstotapes.

ll.Whafsyourfavorite...?=What...doyoulikebest?你最喜歡的…是什么？

Whafsyourfavoriteprogram?=Whatprogramsdoyoulikebest?

Whafsyourfavoriteanimal?=Whatanimalsdoyoulikebest?

12.maybe為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形，在句中做謂語(yǔ)Youmayberight.

maybe.adv?表可能，大概，一般放在句首二perhaps.Maybeyouareright.

YourEnglishbookmaybeinthebag.=MaybeyourEnglishbookisinthebook.

13.stayuplate指“熬夜到很晚，遲睡Don"tstayuplatenexttime.

stayup指“熬夜，不睡覺(jué)”。Hestayedupallnighttowritehisstory.

14.health.n.健康healthy.adj.健康的healthily,adv.健康地unhealthy不健康的

n+y-adj：rain-rainysun-sunny太陽(yáng)一晴朗的luck-luckywind-windy

keephealthy=stayhealthy保持健康=behealthy

beingood/bad/poorhealthbegood/badforone'shealth

healthylifestyle健康的生活方式keep/beingoodhealth保持健康

15.asksbaboutsth問(wèn)某人關(guān)于某事的情況askaquestion問(wèn)一個(gè)問(wèn)題

asksb（not）todo要求某人（不）做某事asksbforsth向某人要某物

asksbforhslp/advice/information向某人尋求幫助/建議/信息

havedanceandpianolessons上舞蹈和鋼琴課have/takelessons上課

givesbalesson給某人一個(gè)教訓(xùn)/經(jīng)驗(yàn)havea/an...lesson上…課

16.surftheInternet上網(wǎng)useoftheInternet（名詞短語(yǔ)）

usetheInternet用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)（動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）=goonline上網(wǎng)

ontheInternet在因特網(wǎng)上（介詞短語(yǔ)）usesthtodo用某物做某事（動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）

Heisan8-year-oldboy.=Heis8yearsold.（8-year-old是形容詞）

gotothemovies去看電影gotobedearly早點(diǎn)睡覺(jué)

gotothedentist去看牙醫(yī)二seeadentistseeadoctor看醫(yī)生

gotoNewYorkCity去紐約gotosummercamp去參加夏令營(yíng)

gotothemountains去爬山gotothebeach去海灘

17.atickettotheballgame球賽的票akeytothedoor門(mén)的鑰匙

thesolutiontotheproblem問(wèn)題的解決方式atleast至少

theanswertothequestion這些問(wèn)題的答案atmost最多

thewaytothepark公園的路morethan=over超過(guò)，多于（反）lessthan不到，少于

18.by.prep.+n/pron/v-ing通過(guò)…方式bydoing通過(guò)做某事

Mr.Whitemakesalivingbyteaching.懷特先生以教書(shū)為生。

byoneself獨(dú)自地（foroneself為自己）bytheway順便說(shuō)

bymistake錯(cuò)誤地learnbyheart記住bychance/accident偶然地

IwenttoBeijingbyplane.我乘飛機(jī)去了北京。（by+交通工具）

Imustbeinbedbyteno'clock.我必須在10點(diǎn)前睡覺(jué)。（by+時(shí)間）

Welivedbythesea.我們住在海邊。（by+地點(diǎn)）

19.die.v.死亡，消失died過(guò)去式Thefishwilldiewithoutwater.

Hediedtwoyearsago.

dead.adj死亡的，無(wú)生命的deaddogThedogsarealldead.

dying.adj垂死的，快死的Thisisadyingbird.

death.n死亡thedeathof…Thedeathofhermotherwassudden.她媽媽的死很突然。

20.although=though（不能與but連用）because不與so連用

eventhough=evenif即使，盡管asthough二asif仿佛，好像

Althoughitrained,theboysstillplayedoutside.=Itrained,buttheboysstillplayedoutside,

thebestway/timetodo做某事最好的方式/時(shí)間

2Lat+鐘點(diǎn)at7o'clockatnoon/nightatthis/thattime

attheageof4atthatmoment止匕亥（J

on+具體某天、星期、特指的一天、紀(jì)念日、節(jié)日

onApril1stonSundayonacoldwintermorningonTeachers9Day

onChildren'sDayonDecember1st在12月1日=onthefirstofDecember

ontheafternoonofNovember5thonSundayevening

in+上午、下午、晚上、年、月、季節(jié)、年代、世紀(jì)in1999

inthemorning/afternoon/evening

inthe1960s在20世紀(jì)60年代inthe21stcentury在21世紀(jì)

inspring/summer/autumn/winter在春/夏/秋/冬季

inJanuary/February/March/April/May/June/July/August/September

inOctoberNovember/Decemberinthemoming/aftemoon/evening

22.beafraidof+n/prondoing害怕???

Somechildrenareafraidofthedark.Don"tbeafraidofaskingquestion.

beafraidtodo不敢做某事I'mafraidtotravelbyplane.

I5mafraid+從句，恐怕,擔(dān)心：VmafraidIhavetogonow.

23.“數(shù)字+percentof+n”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于n

Twentypercentofthestudentsexerciseeveryday.Twentypercentoftimepasses.

24.activitysurvey活動(dòng)調(diào)查junkfood良圾食物theresultof…的結(jié)果

someadvice一些建議（不可數(shù)n）eatinghabits飲食習(xí)慣swingdance搖擺舞

alotofvegetables二manyvegetables許多蔬菜asaresult結(jié)果everyMonday

onceadaytwiceaweekthreetimesamonthonetothreeayear

fourorsixayearonweekends二ontheweekend在周末

oldhabitsdiehard.積習(xí)難改。afterschool放學(xué)后oncemore再一次，重新

onceuponatime從前Howcome?=Why?asfor至于

everyday每天everyday日常的，每天的themostpopular最受歡迎的

atonce=rightnow二rightaway二inaminute=inamomentumnotime立亥U,馬上

25.do（the）housework=dochores做家務(wù)事playtennis打網(wǎng)球

dohomework做家庭作業(yè)eatlessmeat吃更少的肉

goskateboarding去戈ll板comehomefromschool放學(xué)回家

lookafter...well=takegoodcareof=carefor照顧careabout關(guān)心，在乎

takecare=becareful小心，當(dāng)心lookover檢查lookfor尋找lookaround環(huán)顧

looka仁havealookat看???lookup（在字典等）查找lookforwardto期待，盼望

makeadifferenceto對(duì)什么有影響getgoodgrades取得好成績(jī)

bethesameas與.??相同bedifferentfrom與...不同

toone'ssurprise另某人驚訝的是insurprise驚訝地besurprisedat

besurprisedthat對(duì)…很驚訝besurprisedtodo做某事很驚訝

Unit3I'mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.

1.原級(jí)

?very,more,quite,so,too等修飾原級(jí);

?as…as中間接原級(jí)，“與…一樣"，否定notas/so…as不如,不及=lessthan

Heisastallashisfather.Heisnotastallashisfather.TaraworksashardasTina.

HisEnglishianotasgoodasmine.JackrunsasfastasTom.TomgetsupasearlyasJim.

LilyisnotsotallasLucy.二LilyisshorterthanLucy.=LilyislesstallthanLucy.不如...

2.比較級(jí)用法“^

?基本句型：比較級(jí)+than

TinaistallerthanTara.SamissmarterthanTom.

SamplaysthedrumsbetterthanTom.ShesiagsmoreloudlythanTara.

?兩者比較用比較級(jí)Whoismoreoutgoing,LilyorLucy?

?much,far,alot（…得多）alittle,abit（…一些）even（甚至）修飾比較級(jí)

I'mmuch/alittle/alot/abit/farmoreoutgoingthanmysister.

I'mevenworsenow.Sheismuchmorebeautifulthanhersister.

?求演人或事物自身相比較

Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.（同一范圍）anyother+名單

ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.（不同范圍）any+名單

?比較對(duì)象要一致（that代替不可數(shù)n,those代替可數(shù)n復(fù)數(shù)，所有格-ones）

TheweatherinHarbinismuchcolderthanthatinWuhan.

ThestudentsofClassOnestudyharderthanthoseofClassTwo.

MybikeisnewerthanTom's.

?比較級(jí)ofthetwo/twins結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí).adj比較級(jí)前要+the,不用than

Tomisthetallerofthetwobrothers.

?get/become+比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)"變得越來(lái)越...”

（多音節(jié)或部分雙音節(jié)用“moreandmore+原級(jí)）

Itgetswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.Thebuildingsaretallerandtaller.

Ourschoolisgettingmoieandmorebeautiful.You'regettingmoreandmorebeautiful.

?“the+比較級(jí)?…??，the+比較級(jí)……”表示"越……，就越……”

Themoreyouexercise,thestrongeryouwillbe.

?比較級(jí)+than（more/less+原級(jí)+than）與notas/so…as可互換

I'mtallerthanyou.ChineseismoreimportantthanBiology.

You'reshorterthanme.BiologyislessimportantthanChinese.

You9renotas/sotallasme.Biologyisnotas/soimportantasChinese.

?比…大/多/長(zhǎng)/寬幾倍“主語(yǔ)+be+…times+比較級(jí)+tha