統(tǒng)考版2025屆高考英語一輪復習選修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection課時提能練含解析北師大版

PAGE課時提能練(四十三)選修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection(A)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·綿陽市第一次診斷性考試)Wheatisamainsourceoffoodforpeopleacrosstheplanet，accountingforafifthofthecaloriesconsumedglobally.Butasaresultofclimatechange，scientistsbelievemostpartsoftheworldwherethecropisgrownwillbehitbywatershortagesbytheendofthecentury.AndtheU．S.couldbeamongthecountriesworstaffected，theauthorsoftheresearchpublishedinthejournalScienceAdvancestoldNewsweek.Ifclimatechangeisn'tdealtwith，bytheyear2100,60percentofareasthatgrowwheatwillbehitbywaterscarcity—upfromthecurrentlevelof15percent，accordingtotheinternationalteamofscientists.Co-authorsMiroslavTrnkaandSongFengtoldNewsweekthatintheirpreviousresearch，theyhadshownclimatechangemaycausesoiltobecomelessmoist(潮濕的)acrossmostmainlandU．S.states，includingthosewherewheatisgrown.Asaresult，theU．S.couldbe“oneofthetopmostaffectedwheatproducers”intermsoftheincreaseinareasaffectedbyseveredroughts，theysaidinajointstatement.Worryingly，existingresearchhaspredicteda4.0to6.5percentdropinglobalwheatproductionper1degreeCelsiusofwarmingifclimatechangeisn'teased.Andit'sunlikelythatwheatcanbereplacedifwaterbecomesscarce，asit'snotasthirstyasothercropsandcandowithoutwaterforarelativelylongperiodoftime.“Ifmultipleregionsareaffectedbydroughtatthesametime，itmightbedifficulttomeetthedemandevenifthetraderoutesstayopenandarenotrestrictedbygovernmentalmeasures，”warnedFengandTrnka.However，theysaid，“Studiesshowthatifwecontinuouslyimprovethesustainabilityandtechnologiesinthecomingdecadesandallowforinternationaltrade，wemayovercomethenegativeimpactsofclimatechange.”【語篇解讀】科學家認為由于氣候變更，到本世紀末，世界上大部分種植小麥的地區(qū)將受到缺水的影響，而假如氣候變更得不到緩解，全球小麥的產(chǎn)量將會削減。1．Howwillclimatechangehurtwheatproduction?A．Byloweringthetemperature.B．Byreducingthewatersupply.C．Bypollutingthesoil.D．Byfloodingthefield.B[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段其次句可知，由于氣候變更，小麥種植地將受到缺水的影響；又依據(jù)第四段可知，缺水會影響小麥產(chǎn)量，故選B。]2．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A．WheatproductioncauseddroughtsinmostmainlandU．S.states.B．TheUnitedStatesisthebiggestwheatproducerintheworld.C．TheUnitedStateswillsufferalotfromclimatechange.D．ClimatechangeiscloselywatchedbyAmericanscientists.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“theU．S.couldbe‘oneofthetopmostaffectedwheatproducers’”可推知，美國將在氣候變更中受到很大影響，故選C。]3．Whyiswheatunlikelytobereplacedbyothercropsinadrought?A．Itistheprimaryfoodformostcountries.B．Itisnotinfluencedbyglobalwarming.C．Itiswidelygrowninmostcountries.D．Itneedslesswaterthanothercrops.D[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段最終一句可知，小麥不像其他作物那樣那么須要水，在相當長的一段時間內(nèi)沒有水也能生存，因此小麥不太可能被其他作物取代，故選D。]4．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Health. B．Science.C．Education. D．Entertainment.B[推理推斷題。通讀全文可知，這是一篇有關(guān)氣候變更對小麥產(chǎn)量影響的文章，由此可推知，本文可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的科學版塊，故選B。]B(2024·“四省八校”其次次教學質(zhì)量檢測)FiressweepingacrosstheAmazonrainforestthisyearhavebeenahottopicasscientistsandenvironmentalgroupsareworriedthattheywillworsentheclimatechangecrisisandthreatenbiodiversity(生物多樣性)．Asthelargestrainforestintheworld，theAmazonrainforestisoftencalled“thelungsoftheworld”．Itisalsohometoabout3millionspeciesofplantsandanimals，and1millionnativepeople.Thevastareasoftherainforestplayanimportantroleintheworld'secosystembecausetheyabsorbheatinsteadofitbeingreflectedbackintotheatmosphere.Theyalsostorecarbondioxideandproduceoxygen，ensuringthatlesscarbondioxideisreleased，mitigatingtheeffectsofclimatechange.“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandpeople，”ThomasLovejoy，anecologistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldNationalGeographic.“Theoverwhelmingthreatisthatalotofcarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphere，”hestressed.“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis，wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity.TheAmazonrainforestmustbeprotected，”U.N.SecretaryGeneralAntónioGuterressaid.DatafromtheNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showthatthenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreasedby82percentfromJanuarytoAugustthisyearcomparedtothesameperiodlastyear.Atotalof71,497forestfireswereregisteredinthecountryinthefirsteightmonthsof2024，upfrom39,194inthesameperiodin2024，INPEsaid.“WeestimatethattheforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percentcomparedtothelast12months，”CarlosNobre，aresearcherattheUniversityofSaoPaulo，toldGermanbroadcasterDeutscheWelle.Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest，whosedegradation(惡化)couldhavesevereconsequencesforglobalclimateandrainfall.Theextentofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined，buttheemergencyhastranscended(超出)Brazil'sborders，reachingPeruvian，ParaguayanandBolivianregions.【語篇解讀】科學家和環(huán)保組織擔憂席卷亞馬遜雨林的火災將加劇氣候變更危機，威逼生物多樣性。今年，位于巴西的部分亞馬遜雨林火災數(shù)量顯著增加。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigating”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Increasing. B．Relieving.C．Ignoring. D．Improving.B[詞義揣測題。依據(jù)其次段第三、四句可知，大片的熱帶雨林在世界生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中扮演著重要的角色，因為它們汲取熱量，而不是將熱量反射回大氣中；此外，熱帶雨林還儲存二氧化碳并制造氧氣，以確保更少的二氧化碳被釋放。由此可知，熱帶雨林能夠減輕氣候變更帶來的影響。故可推知畫線詞的含義與“relieving”的含義相近，故選B。]6．WhatcanwelearnfromThomas'sandAntónio'swords?A．Thebiodiversitymakestherainforestunique.B．Therainforestfiresresultinseriousconsequences.C．Theglobalclimatecrisisbringsmorerainforestfires.D．Thedryweatherleadstotherainforestfires.B[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中Thomas所說的話“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandpeople”以及António所說的話“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis，wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity”可知，Thomas認為任何森林的破壞都是對生物多樣性和人們的威逼，António認為在全球氣候危機的狀況下，我們擔當不起氧氣和生物多樣性的主要來源(即亞馬遜雨林)被更多破壞的后果。由此可推知，兩人意在表明，雨林大火導致了嚴峻的后果。故選B。]【干擾項分析】依據(jù)上述分析可知，兩人并沒有強調(diào)生物多樣性成就了雨林的獨特性，故A項表述錯誤。7．WhydoestheauthorlistthenumbersinParagraph4?A．Toprovetheimportanceoftherainforest.B．Toshowthereasonforforestfires.C．Toexplaintheprocessoftheresearch.D．Topresentthereductioninrainforestareas.D[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段第一句中的“thenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreased”和第三句中的“theforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percent”可推知，第四段列舉數(shù)字是為了說明，亞馬遜雨林由于森林火災的影響，其面積削減了一些。故選D。]8．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theclimatechangecrisisisworsening.B．Theforestareasareonthedecline.C．“Thelungsoftheworld”isburning.D．Theworld'secosystemisunderattack.C[主旨大意題。文章第一段為文章的總述部分，表明本年席卷亞馬遜雨林的火災將加劇氣候變更危機，威逼生物多樣性；其次至第五段介紹了亞馬遜雨林火災對生物多樣性以及森林面積等的影響，其中第四段又突出強調(diào)亞馬遜雨林火災數(shù)量顯著增加。由此可知C項符合題意。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·蘭州市高三診斷考試)Iwasstandinginaclassofwild14-year-oldgirlsastheythrewpaperandhowled(大聲叫喊)withlaughter.Theywouldn't__1__me.Iwas23andIdidn'tknowwhatIwasdoing.Ineverwantedto__2__.Iwantedtobeawriter.ButwhenIarrivedinLondon，theywereshortofteachers，notwriters.Myeffortstoteachwere__3__.Whenthebellfinallyrang，Irushedtothestaffroom，redwithanger.Theotherteachersweren't__4__.“That's4B，theworstclassinschool，”onesaid.Idreaded(膽怯 )ournext__5__，butIcouldn'tgiveup.Ineededthejob.So，I__6__formallessons.Instead，Ibrought__7__forclassdiscussions.Oneoftheliveliesttalkswasabouttheargumentstheyhadwiththeirparents.Theypaidattentionandsharedabouttheirlives.Iwas__8__.SoIhadthemwriteaboutthemselves.Mostwroteaboutfamilieswithlittlemoneyandbigproblems.Astimewenton，theiressaysbecamea__9__betweenus.Iadmiredtheirhumor，toughnessandinsight，andIthoughtthey__10__myinterestintheirlives.ThemusicalMyFairLadywasplayingintheWestEnd，buttheyhadneverseena__11__stageperformance.TheylivedjustafewsubwaystopsfromtheWestEnd，butnonehadeverbeenthere.Iaskedifthey'dliketoseethemusical.TheythoughtIwas__12__.Noteacherhadever__13__takingthemout.Afewweekslater,4BandIweresittingina__14__.Theylovedthemusic，thecostumesandthecharacters.Itwasthe__15__oftheiryear，andtheytalkedaboutitfordays.Neartheendofthesemester，someoneknockedonthedoorofthestaffroom.Thetwomostrebellious(叛逆的)girlsin4Bwerethere—withflowers.IwasproudtoknowIhad__16__theirlives.Ienjoyedteachingandgettingalongwith__17__.WhenIreturnedtoAustraliaseveralyearslater，Istillwantedtobea__18__.Forthefirsttimeinmylife，Istopped__19__andstartedwriting.MyfirststorywastitledMyFairLadies.Teachingwasn'tthe__20__ofmywritingcareer；itwasthebeginning.【語篇解讀】“我”想做一名作家，但是倫敦缺的是老師，于是“我”做了一名老師。由于帶了全校最差的班級，起先時“我”不知所措。后來“我”變更了常規(guī)的授課方式，激勵學生們寫自己經(jīng)驗的故事，帶她們?nèi)ビ^賞音樂劇?！拔摇钡男袨橛|動了她們的內(nèi)心……1．A.listento B．hearaboutC．catchupwith D．takecareofA[依據(jù)上文可知，這些女生扔紙并大聲談笑；依據(jù)下文可知，23歲的“我”不知所措；據(jù)此可以推斷，這些女生不聽我講話；A項意為“聽……”，故A項正確。]2．Amunicate B．teachC．discuss D．workB[依據(jù)下文可知，“我”想要當一名作家；上文提到，對這群在教室里高聲談笑的女生“我”一籌莫展，據(jù)此可以推知，“我”不準備教學，B項意為“教學”，故B項正確。]3．A.successful B．persistentC．unforgettable D．hopelessD[依據(jù)下文可知，我氣得臉都紅了，同事告知我說這個班是最差的班；據(jù)此可以推知，我感到努力毫無希望；D項意為“無望的”，故D項正確。]4．A.embarrassed B．happyC．surprised D．worriedC[依據(jù)后句可知，其中一個老師告知我說，4B班是全校最差的班級；據(jù)此可以推知，對于這種狀況，其他老師并不感到驚奇；C項意為“覺得驚奇的”，故C項正確。]5．A.appointment B．meetingC．task D．performanceB[依據(jù)上文可知，班里的女生高聲談笑不聽“我”講話，據(jù)此可以推知，“我”膽怯 和她們再次見面，B項意為“見面”，故B項正確。]6．A.abandoned B．designedC．took D．hatedA[依據(jù)后句中的“forclassdiscussions”可知，“我”放棄了常規(guī)教學，以班級探討的方式取代；A項意為“放棄”，故A項正確。]7．A.papers B．rewardsC．topics D．a(chǎn)ssistantsC[依據(jù)該句中的“brought”，并結(jié)合語境可知，“我”準備了班級探討的話題；C項意為“話題”，故C項正確。]8．A.fascinated B．disappointedC．puzzled D．relaxedA[依據(jù)后句可知，“我”讓她們寫下她們的故事；據(jù)此可以推知，“我”對她們的探討很入迷；A項意為“入迷的”，故A項正確。]9．A.deal B．bridgeC．guide D．secretB[依據(jù)該句中的“betweenus”并結(jié)合語境可知，這些文章成了“我”和她們之間聯(lián)系的橋梁；B項意為“橋梁”，故B項正確。]10．A.praised B．understoodC．ignored D．a(chǎn)ppreciatedD[依據(jù)上文可知，“我”觀賞她們的幽默、堅毅和洞察力；結(jié)合該句中的“myinterestintheirlives”可以推知，“我”認為她們也會感謝“我”對她們生活的關(guān)注；D項意為“感謝，感謝”，故D項正確。]11．A.good B．familiarC．famous D．liveD[依據(jù)該句中的“but”及后一句“TheylivedjustafewsubwaystopsfromtheWestEnd...there”可知，盡管她們的住處離倫敦西區(qū)很近，但是她們沒有看到過現(xiàn)場表演；D項意為“現(xiàn)場演出的”，故D項正確。]12．A.lying B．guessingC．joking D．promisingC[依據(jù)后句中的“Noteacherhadever”可知，沒有老師帶她們出去過；據(jù)此可以推知，當“我”問她們是否要去看現(xiàn)場表演時，她們認為“我”在開玩笑，故C項正確。]13．A.admitted B．dislikedC．minded D．suggestedD[依據(jù)上文中的“Iaskedifthey'dliketoseethemusical”可知，“我”提議她們出去看音樂??；結(jié)合該句中的“takingthemout”可知，之前沒有老師提議帶她們出去，D項意為“提議”，故D項正確。]14．A.bookstore B．theaterC．library D．classroomB[依據(jù)上文中的“Iaskedif...themusical”可知，“我”提議她們出去觀賞音樂劇；結(jié)合該句中的“4BandIweresittingin”可以推知，數(shù)周后的一天，“我”和她們坐在了一家劇院里；B項意為“劇院”，故B項正確。]15．A.highlight B．goalC．story D．a(chǎn)chievementA[依據(jù)該句中的“andtheytalkedaboutitfordays”可知，她們談論了幾天時間；據(jù)此可以推知，這是她們一年中最精彩的一天；A項意為“最精彩的部分”，故A項正確。]16．A.found B．touchedC．created D．savedB[依據(jù)前句可知，有兩位最叛逆的女生拿著花來到教員的辦公室，結(jié)合上文敘述的“我”和她們觀賞音樂劇可以推知，“我”觸及了她們的生活，B項意為“觸及”。]17．A.colleagues B．parentsC．teenagers D．playersC[依據(jù)該句中的“andgettingalongwith”，并結(jié)合上文敘述的“我”傲慢地得知“我”觸及了她們的生活可以推知，“我”喜愛上了教學，和青少年們相處融洽；C項意為“青少年”，故C項正確。]18．A.teacher B．writerC．performer D．listenerB[依據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)其次句“Iwantedtobeawriter”可知，我想要當一名作家；結(jié)合后句中的“startedwriting”可知，“我”起先寫作；據(jù)此可以推知，“我”仍舊想要做一名作家，故B項正確。]19．A.dreaming B．hesitatingC．travelling D．learningA[依據(jù)該句中的“startedwriting”，并結(jié)合語境可知，第一次“我”不再幻想，而是真正起先寫作；A項意為“想象，幻想”，故A項正確。]20．A.idea B．partC．end D．planC[依據(jù)該句中的“itwasthebeginning”可知，教學是“我”寫作的起先，據(jù)此可知，空處與句中的“beginning”對應，表示“終結(jié)”，故C項正確。]課時提能練(四十四)選修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection(B)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·江西金太陽聯(lián)考)Burningcoaltoprovideenergyaddsplanet-warmingcarbondioxide,orCO2,toEarth'satmosphere.Astheplanetheatsup,expertswarnthatsimplycuttinggreenhousegasemissions(排放)willnotbeenoughtoavoidpossiblydisastrouslevelsofglobalwarming.CO2mustalsobeobliteratedfromtheatmosphere,theysay.ExistingexperimentalmachinesthatremoveCO2directlyfromtheairaretoocostlytobewidelyused.ButanewreportfromtheU．S.NationalAcademyofSciences,EngineeringandMedicinesayseffectivecarbon-removaltechnologyalreadyexists.Itisnotcostly,orevencomplexscience.It'sforests.Thereportexplainsthatplantingtreesandoverseeingforestsarecost-effectivewaystocleantheair.Theyalsoworkwellacrosslargeareas.ForestsusedtocovermuchoftheAppalachianMountainsintheeasternUnitedStates.InthestateofWestVirginia,akindofminingknownasstripmining(露天開采)leftthelandtherebare,withouttrees.Nowexpertsareworkingtobringbacktheforeststhatoncecoveredmuchofthestate.WestVirginia'sMonongahelaNationalForestishometoararegroupoftrees.Theyarecalledvirgin(原始的)woods;theyhaveneverbeentouchedbyhumans.ShaneJones,abiologistwiththeU．S.ForestService,saysthetreesthereweremissedbymistakewhenthesurroundingforestwascutdownforwoodmanyyearsago.Thatmistaketurnedouttobeagoodthing;redspruce(云杉)forestssuchasthoseintheMonongahelaareextremelyeffectiveattakingCOExpertssay,natureofferspowerfultoolstofightclimatechange.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。燃燒煤導致了大量的能引起溫室效應的二氧化碳排放到了大氣中，僅僅是削減二氧化碳的排放并不足以避開全球氣候變暖帶來的災難?，F(xiàn)有的試驗階段的去除二氧化碳的機器又太貴，無法大面積普及運用。還好一項新的探討表明，有效又經(jīng)濟的去除二氧化碳的方法已經(jīng)存在，那就是森林。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obliterated”meaninParagraph1?A．Prevented. B．Cleared.C．Produced. D．Stored.B[詞義揣測題。由劃線句子上一句“Astheplanetheatsup,expertswarnthatsimplycuttinggreenhousegasemissions(排放)willnotbeenoughtoavoidpossiblydisastrouslevelsofglobalwarming.(隨著地球變暖，專家警告說僅僅是削減二氧化碳的排放并不足以避開全球氣候變暖帶來的災難。)”可推知，劃線詞所在句意為“二氧化碳必需從空氣中移除”。劃線單詞也與下段首句“ExistingexperimentalmachinesthatremoveCO2directlyfromtheairaretoocostlytobewidelyused.(現(xiàn)有的干脆從空氣中移除二氧化碳的試驗機器太貴，無法廣泛運用。)”中的remove呼應。Prevented阻擋，阻礙；Cleared移走，清除；Produced生產(chǎn)，制造；Stored貯藏，保存。故選B。]2．What'stheadvantageofforestscomparedwiththeexistingexperimentalmachines?A．Theyreleasemoreoxygen.B．TheyclearmoreCO2.C．Theysavemoremoney.D．TheyabsorbCO2faster.C[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的“ButanewreportfromtheU．S.NationalAcademyofSciences,EngineeringandMedicinesayseffectivecarbon-removaltechnologyalreadyexists.Itisnotcostly,orevencomplexscience.It'sforests.(美國國家科學、工程和醫(yī)學院的一項新報告表明，有效的去除二氧化碳的技術(shù)已經(jīng)存在。它花費不高，甚至不是困難的科學。它就是森林。)”可知，與現(xiàn)有的試驗機器相比，森林的好處是省錢。故選C。]3．WhydoestheauthormentionWestVirginiainParagraph3?A．Toprovetheplaceisunsuitableforhumansurvival.B．Tostressplantingtreesispracticalforcleanair.C．Toindicatetreesaredifficulttoliveonsuchpoorsoil.D．Toshowpeopleinthestatearenowlivingahardlife.B[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Thereportexplainsthatplantingtreesandoverseeingforestsarecost-effectivewaystocleantheair.Theyalsoworkwellacrosslargeareas.(探討顯示，植樹造林是劃算的清理空氣的方法。它們也適合大面積的運用。)”可知，本段中的舉例是為證明用植樹造林來清理空氣是切實可行的。故選B。]4．Whatcanweknowabouttheredsprucetrees?A．TheycanonlybefoundinMonongahelaB．Theyweregiventhenamevirginwoodsforbeauty.C．Theywerecutdownforwoodbyfarmers.D．Theycouldstorecarbondioxideinthesoil.D[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“redspruce(云杉)forestssuchasthoseintheMonongahelaareextremelyeffectiveattakingCO2outoftheatmosphereandlockingitintothesoil(像莫農(nóng)加希拉的這些云杉在汲取空氣中的二氧化碳，并將它們鎖在土壤內(nèi)這些方面是極其有效的)”可知，云杉能將二氧化碳儲存在土壤中。故選D。]B(2024·威海模擬)A2024reportfoundthatfoodwastewouldincreasebyathirdto2.1billiontonsby2030.Beyondthecostofthewasteitself，thrown-awayfoodgeneratesagasthatcontributestoclimatechange.Homedeliverymealkits(盒)canreducefoodwastebymorethantwo-thirds，butsuppliersneedtoswitchtoreusablepackagingtomakethemenvironmentallyfriendly.Tailor-mademealkitscutwastebyprovidingpeoplewithpreciseamountsoffreshingredients(烹飪原料)forchosenrecipes，meaningleftoversareminimized.Butwhilethedeliveryservicesscorewellonreducingfoodwaste，buyingthesamefoodingredientsfromthesupermarketalmostalwayssavesenergyoverallsimplybecausemealkitsusesomuchsingle-usepackaging.Thegoodnewsisthatifpeoplehavemealsthataretailoredforconsumption，theywon'toverbuyandhavelessfoodwaste.Theyfine-tunetheamountoffoodtowhattheywillactuallyeat.Mealkitscanreducetransportemissions(排放)ifpeoplegotothesupermarketlessfrequently.Ifpeopleonlygoandbuysuchgoodsassoapandtoiletpaper，theymayonlyhavetovisitonceeverycoupleofmonths.Adeliverytruckcancarrymealsforalotofpeopleintheneighborhood.Sodozensofcartripsmightbereplacedwithonetrucktrip.However，studyfoundthatevenifdeliverymealkitsreducedfoodwastetozero，theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthanbuyingthesamefoodfromthesupermarketunlesstheenergyusedforthemealkitpackagingwascutbyafifth.Thepackagingisakillerifit'ssingle-useandthrownaway，whichcanmakealltheenvironmentalbenefitslost.Butifthepackagingcanbereused，ifit'sglassbottles，likeintheolddays，wecangetsomebenefits.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。套餐可以削減食物奢侈，但包裝是個問題。家庭送餐包可以削減超過三分之二的食物奢侈，但供應商須要改用可重復運用的包裝，使其更加環(huán)保。5．Whatcanwelearnabouthomedeliverymealkits?A．Theycancutdownondailyexpenses.B．Theywilltotallysolvetheproblemoffoodwaste.C．Theycankeepenergyconsumptiontoaminimum.D．Theywillbenefittheenvironmentwithreusablepackaging.D[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Homedeliverymealkits(盒)canreducefoodwastebymorethantwo-thirds(家庭送餐包可以削減三分之二的食物奢侈)”可知可利用的包裝對環(huán)保有益。故選D。]6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fine-tune”inParagraph3mean?A．Attach. B．Adjust.C．Raise. D．Compare.B[詞義揣測題。第三段主要講解并描述量身定制餐會降低奢侈。依據(jù)畫線句“Theyfine-tunetheamountoffoodtowhattheywillactuallyeat.(人們可以依據(jù)將要吃多少來調(diào)整食物數(shù)量。)”可知，fine-tune意為“調(diào)整，調(diào)整”，故選B。]7．Theauthorsuggestscarryingmealswithadeliverytruckto________.A．reducetransportemissionsB．savemorefoodC．shoponlyinthesupermarketD．shortencartripdistancesA[推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“Mealkitscanreducetransportemissions(排放)ifpeoplegotothesupermarketlessfrequently.Ifpeopleonlygoandbuysuchgoodsassoapandtoiletpaper，theymayonlyhavetovisitonceeverycoupleofmonths.Adeliverytruckcancarrymealsforalotofpeopleintheneighborhood.Sodozensofcartripsmightbereplacedwithonetrucktrip.”可知餐盒可以削減交通排放，運輸卡車可以一次給小區(qū)許多人送餐飯，削減交通排放。故選A。]8．What'stheauthor'sattitudetomealkits?A．Supportive. B．Unfavorable.C．Objective. D．Indifferent.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“However，studyfoundthatevenifdeliverymealkitsreducedfoodwastetozero，theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthanbuyingthesamefoodfromthesupermarketunlesstheenergyusedforthemealkitpackagingwascutbyafifth.”可知探討表明外賣飯盒比超市買食物會耗費更多的能源，再依據(jù)最終一句“Butifthepackagingcanbereused，ifit'sglassbottles，likeintheolddays，wecangetsomebenefits.(但是假如這些包裝能夠被再利用，對我們還是會有一些好處的。)”可推出作者對飯盒的運用是客觀的看法。故選C。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2024·濟寧沖刺卷)HealthySee,HealthyDoVisitthegrocerystoreonanemptystomach,andyouwillprobablycomehomewithafewthingsyoudidnotplantobuy.Buthungerisnottheonlycauseofadditionalpurchases.Thelocationofstoredisplays(擺放)alsoinfluencesourshoppingchoices.1Thecheckoutareaisaparticularhotspotforjunkfood.Studieshavefoundthattheproductsmostcommonlyfoundtherearesugaryandsaltysnacks.23Ithasbeenworkingwithmorethan1,000storeownerstoencouragethemtoorderandpromotenutritiousfoods.“Weknowthatthestoresarefullofcues(示意)meanttoencourageconsumption，”saysTamarAdjoian,aresearchscientistatthedepartment,“Makinghealthyfoodsmoreconvenientorappealingcanleadtoincreasedsalesofthoseproducts.”Adjoianandhercolleagueswonderedifsuchfindingswouldapplytotheircity'scrowdedurbancheckoutareas,sotheyselectedthreeBronxsupermarketsfortheirownstudy.4Thentheyrecordedpurchasesoversixthree-hourperiodsineachstorefortwoweeks.Ofthemorethan2,100shopperstheyobserved,just4percentboughtanythingfromthecheckoutarea.Amongthosewhodid,however,customersinthehealthylinespurchasednutritiousfoodsmorethantwiceasoftenasthoseinthestandardlines.5ThesefindingswerereportedinSeptemberintheJournalofNutritionEducationandBehavior.Thepotentialinfluencemayseemsmall,butAdjoianbelievesthatchangingmorecheckoutlineswouldopencustomers'eyestonutritious,lower-caloriefoods.HealthdepartmentofficialsarenowexploringwaystoexpandhealthyoptionsatcheckoutcountersthroughoutNewYorkCity.A．Thesefoodsgivepeoplemoreenergy.B．Theyboughtunhealthyfoods40percentlessoften.C．Anditmaymakeorbreaksomehealthyeatinghabits.D．Thesupermarketsbegantooffernutritious,lower-caloriefoods.E．ThesefindingscaughttheattentionofNewYorkCityDepartmentofHealth.F．Theyreplacedcandiesandcookieswithfruitsandnutsnearthecheckoutcounter.G．Andafewstudieshavesuggestedthatsimplyswappinginhealthieroptionscanchangecustomerbehavior.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章用幾個試驗向我們證明白商店里商品的擺放位置，特殊是結(jié)賬處旁邊的商品擺放會影響我們購物的選擇。所以健康部門和專家都呼吁將健康食品放在這些地方，提高大家對健康食品的關(guān)注度。1．C[空格位于首段最終一句?？崭袂耙痪渚湟鉃椋旱陜?nèi)商品的擺放位置也會影響購物的選擇。選項C中的it與上句話中的“Thelocation”可形成指代關(guān)系，并且“makeorbreaksomehealthyeatinghabits”與文章主題HealthySee,HealthyDo(看到的健康的，買的就是健康的)呼應。故選C。]2．G[空格位于段中?？崭袂熬湟鉃椋航Y(jié)賬處擺放的商品常常是糖或者咸的零食?？崭窈蟮膬蓚€舉例都是強調(diào)假如購物者看到的常常是健康食品的話，他們會更多的選擇健康食品。由此可推知，空格處應當是強調(diào)換一下擺放在結(jié)賬處的食品的重要性。選項G中的“simplyswappinginhealthieroptionscanchangecustomerbehavior(簡潔地將垃圾食品換成健康一點的食品能變更顧客的購物行為)”與這一語境呼應，起到承上啟下的作用。故選G。]3．E[空格位于段首。由本段中的“aresearchscientistatthedepartment”可知，前邊應當出現(xiàn)過department，選項E中的“DepartmentofHealth”與之呼應。故選E。]4．F[空格位于段中。分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，第四段和第五段主要講解并描述Adjoian和她同事們做的試驗?？崭袂熬湟鉃椋簽榱俗C明把健康食品放在收銀處，是不是影響擁擠的市區(qū)內(nèi)的顧客的購買行為，他們選擇了三家超市?？崭窈缶湟鉃椋核麄冞B續(xù)三周每天分六次每次三小時記錄購買狀況?？梢酝浦?，中間一句話應當是試驗的設置方式。選項F“Theyreplacedcandiesandcookieswithfruitsandnutsnearthecheckoutcounter.(他們把收銀處旁邊的糖和餅干換成了水果和堅果。)”與這個試驗的目的一樣。故選F。]5．B[空格位于段中。這一段講解并描述Adjoian和她同事們做的試驗的結(jié)果。由空格后的“Thesefindings”可知，前邊至少有兩項發(fā)覺?？崭袂熬湟鉃椋涸谀切┰谑浙y處買了東西的人當中，站在健康食品隊列的人比站在不健康食品隊列的人買了多于兩倍的東西。這是一個發(fā)覺，選項B中的“Theyboughtunhealthyfoods40percentlessoften.(他們買不健康食品的概率也降低了40%。)”與上一句句式接近，并且表達的是與上一句意思一樣的一個發(fā)覺，又與下句中的“Thesefindings”呼應。故選B。]Ⅲ.語法填空(2024·撫順模擬)Lastweek,anactivitycalled“BeijingoperaenteringCampus”washeldinourschool.Inthemorning,twoartists，1.________actingskillswerewonderful,cametoourschoolasplanned.When2.________(reach)theroom,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.Afteracasualchat,theartists3.________(invite)tothehalltogiveusadetailedintroductiontoBeijingopera.Withgreat4.________(expect),welistened5.________(attentive)andlearnedthattherearefivemainrolesinBeijingopera,andthefacialmaskoneachofthemtellsthecharacteristicsoftherole.TohelpusbetterunderstandBeijingopera,theartistalsoshowedusseveralclassic6.________(example)ofsingingandacting.Afterthelecture,wecouldn'twaittostartthefollowingtrainingsessions.Oneartistshowedushowtopaintthefacialmaskonourface,andtheothertaughtusthetypicalmovesstep7.________step.Underthe8.________(patience)guidanceoftheartists,welearnedthebasicskillsanddevelopedastronginterest.Afterseveralrehearsals,wewerereadytostageascenefromJourneytotheWest.Ontheperformingday,withexcitementandnervousness,IplayedSunWukongwiththeladyartist.Toourgreatdelight,ourperformancewontheapplauseofourschoolmates.Throughthisactivity,I'vefoundBeijingoperaappealing9.________learneditmusttakealongandhardtraining10.________(become)agoodperformer.IamexpectingtospreadBeijingoperatomoreaudiences.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要記敘了上周在作者學校實行的一個名為“京劇走進校內(nèi)”的活動過程。1．whose[考查定語從句。本句為定語從句修飾先行詞artists，且先行詞在從句中作定語，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。]2．reaching[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，reach在句中作非謂語動詞，與邏