15彈性碰撞和非彈性碰撞課件高二上學(xué)期物理人教版選擇性3

彈性碰撞和非彈性碰撞年級：高二學(xué)科：高中物理（人教版）5彈性碰撞和非彈性碰撞一、問題：兩球為什么幾乎回到同樣的高度？根據(jù)高度相同：

一個方程是如何得到：

動量守恒：

二、實驗：研究小車碰撞前后動能的變化利用PASCO傳感器實時記錄兩小車各個時刻的速度。次數(shù)紅車質(zhì)量m1/kg藍車質(zhì)量m2/kg紅車速度v1（m·s-1）藍車速度v2（m·s-1）紅車動量mv（kg·m·s-1）藍車動量mv’（kg·m·s-1）兩車動量之和（kg·m·s-1）123456次數(shù)紅車質(zhì)量m1/kg藍車質(zhì)量m2/kg紅車速度v1（m·s-1）藍車速度v2（m·s-1）紅車動能0.5mv2（J）藍車動能0.5mv’2（J）兩車動能之和（J）123456cc次數(shù)紅車質(zhì)量m1/kg藍車質(zhì)量m2/kg紅車速度v1（m·s-1）藍車速度v2（m·s-1）紅車動能0.5mv2（J）藍車動能0.5mv’2（J）兩車動能之和（J）10.7520.7600.6060.00620.7520.7600.5640.04830.7520.7600.4570.15440.7520.7600.2930.31650.7520.7600.1340.46960.7520.7600.0370.55970.7520.7600.0030.587c次數(shù)紅車質(zhì)量m1/kg藍車質(zhì)量m2/kg紅車速度v1（m·s-1）藍車速度v2（m·s-1）紅車動能0.5mv2（J）藍車動能0.5mv’2（J）兩車動能之和（J）10.7520.7600.6060.0060.13810.000020.7520.7600.5640.0480.11960.000930.7520.7600.4570.1540.07850.009040.7520.7600.2930.3160.03230.037950.7520.7600.1340.4690.00680.083660.7520.7600.0370.5590.00050.118770.7520.7600.0030.5870.00000.1309cc次數(shù)紅車質(zhì)量m1/kg藍車質(zhì)量m2/kg紅車速度v1（m·s-1）藍車速度v2（m·s-1）紅車動能0.5mv2（J）藍車動能0.5mv’2（J）兩車動能之和（J）10.7520.7600.6060.0060.13810.00000.138120.7520.7600.5640.0480.11960.00090.120530.7520.7600.4570.1540.07850.00900.087540.7520.7600.2930.3160.03230.03790.070250.7520.7600.1340.4690.00680.08360.090460.7520.7600.0370.5590.00050.11870.119270.7520.7600.0030.5870.00000.13090.1309cc次數(shù)紅車質(zhì)量m1/kg藍車質(zhì)量m2/kg紅車速度v1（m·s-1）藍車速度v2（m·s-1）紅車動能0.5mv2（J）藍車動能0.5mv’2（J）兩車動能之和（J）10.7520.7600.6060.0060.13810.00000.138120.7520.7600.5640.0480.11960.00090.120530.7520.7600.4570.1540.07850.00900.087540.7520.7600.2930.3160.03230.03790.070250.7520.7600.1340.4690.00680.08360.090460.7520.7600.0370.5590.00050.11870.119270.7520.7600.0030.5870.00000.13090.1309cc總動能減小總動能增加次數(shù)紅車動能0.5mv2（J）藍車動能0.5mv’2（J）兩車動能之和（J）10.13810.00000.138120.11960.00090.120530.07850.00900.087540.03230.03790.070250.00680.08360.090460.00050.11870.119270.00000.13090.1309c總動能減小次數(shù)紅車動能0.5mv2（J）藍車動能0.5mv’2（J）兩車動能之和（J）10.13810.00000.138120.11960.00090.120530.07850.00900.087540.03230.03790.070250.00680.08360.090460.00050.11870.119270.00000.13090.1309總動能增加c次數(shù)紅車動能0.5mv2（J）藍車動能0.5mv’2（J）兩車動能之和（J）10.13810.00000.138120.11960.00090.120530.07850.00900.087540.03230.03790.070250.00680.08360.090460.00050.11870.119270.00000.13090.1309cc彈性碰撞：如果系統(tǒng)在碰撞前后動能不變，這類碰撞叫作彈性碰撞。非彈性碰撞：如果系統(tǒng)在碰撞后動能減小，這類碰撞叫作非彈性碰撞。鋼球、玻璃球碰撞時，動能損失很小，它們的碰撞可以看作彈性碰撞；橡皮泥球之間的碰撞是非彈性碰撞。三、彈性碰撞和非彈性碰撞？根據(jù)高度相同：

一個方程是如何得到：

動量守恒：

兩個小球相碰，碰撞之前球的運動速度與兩球心的連線在同一直線上，碰撞之后兩球的速度仍會沿著這條直線，這種碰撞秤為正碰，也叫作對心碰撞或一維碰撞。

動量守恒：

彈性碰撞：