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翻譯二級(jí)筆譯綜合能力模擬26ⅠVocabularyandGrammarPart1VocabularySelection1.
Thesoldierwasofrunningawayw(江南博哥)hentheenemy______.A.scoldedB.chargedC.accusedD.punished正確答案:C[解析]beaccusedof為一固定搭配,意為“被指控”,scold和punish通常和for搭配。charge的搭配詞為with.
2.
UncleVernon,quiteunlikeHarryPotterwholookednothingliketherestofthefamily,waslarge,veryfat,and______,withanenormousblackmustache.A.necklessB.necklaceC.recklessD.rackless正確答案:A[解析]形近識(shí)別。
neckless胖的沒(méi)脖子的;necklace項(xiàng)鏈;reckless魯莽的;rackless沒(méi)支架的。
3.
Thestatesmanwasevidently______thejournalist'squestionsandglaredathimforafewseconds.A.putdownB.putoutC.putacrossD.putaway正確答案:B[解析]本句意為“政治家顯然被記者問(wèn)煩了,帶著怒意盯著記者過(guò)了好幾秒鐘”?!皃utout打擾,麻煩”符合句意。其他三項(xiàng)“putdown放下,拒絕,鎮(zhèn)壓;putacross圓滿完成,使被接受;putaway放好,處理掉,放棄”都不正確。
4.
Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofthebodyofarunner,______tothebody.A.thestressitisgreaterB.greateristhestressC.greaterstressisD.thegreaterthestress正確答案:D[解析]固定用法。
the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)。
5.
Moreandmorepeoplethesedaysareclamoringforfull-bodyplasticsurgerypopularityintheworld.A.toattainB.tosustainC.gainingD.obtaining正確答案:C[解析]形近識(shí)別
A.toattain達(dá)到,獲得;B.tosustain支撐,維持,持續(xù);C.gaining得到,增進(jìn),賺到,增加;D.obtaining獲得,得到;此句意為:如今世上有越來(lái)越多的人叫嚷著要做全身整形來(lái)提高自己的知名度。因此C為答案。
6.
Ifaneedleisthrown______onasheetofpaperruledwithlines,howoftencanitbeexpectedtofallonaline?A.onpurposeB.withaccuracyC.atrandomD.accordingtoone'sownwill正確答案:C[解析]習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配
A.onpurpose故意;B.withaccuracy正確地;C.a(chǎn)trandom隨意地;D.a(chǎn)ccordingtOone'sownwill按照某人自己的意愿;而本句意為:如果把一個(gè)針______扔在一張用尺子畫(huà)上許多條線的紙上,那么這個(gè)針正落在一條線上的機(jī)率是多大?既然是問(wèn)概率,那么應(yīng)是隨機(jī)地去做某事;因此答案應(yīng)為C。
7.
Beingbothspoiledandlazy,he______everyoneelseforhislackofsuccess.A.accusedB.chargedC.criticizedD.blamed正確答案:D[解析]近義辨析。
blame責(zé)備,譴責(zé),歸咎:Theyblamedtheriseinoilpricesforthebigincreaseininflation.他們把通貨膨脹大幅度增長(zhǎng)歸咎于石油價(jià)格的上漲。accuse控告,譴責(zé),非難:Thepoliceaccusedhimofmurder.警方指控他謀殺。charge控訴,告誡,指示:Hewaschargedwithstealingacar.他被指控偷了一輛汽車。criticize批評(píng),責(zé)備:Hispolicieswereseverelycriticized.他的政策受到了嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)。
8.
Ionlyknowthemanby______butIhaveneverspokentohim.A.chanceB.heartC.sightD.experience正確答案:C[解析]四個(gè)詞均可與by連用。其中,bychance表示“偶然地,意外地”;byheart指“熟記”;knowsb.bysight.意為“見(jiàn)過(guò)面,面熟,僅熟悉”;by/fromexperience是指“憑經(jīng)驗(yàn),從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中”。從后半句看,顯然C項(xiàng)符合要求。
9.
Nowasinglecellphoneisabletostorealarge______ofinformationaboutanindividuallife.A.dealB.numberC.amountD.account正確答案:C[解析]
習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配。
anamountof大量;一些(后跟不可數(shù)名詞):Hercasehasattractedanenormousamountofpublicsympathy.她的案件博得了無(wú)數(shù)公眾的同情。giveanaccountof描述:Shegaveathrillingaccountofherlifeinthejungle.她繪聲繪色地描述了自己在叢林中的生活。anumberof大量;若干(后跟可數(shù)名詞):Anumberofwell.qualifiedpeoplehaverecentlyleftthecompany.一些非常稱職的人已在最近離開(kāi)了這家公司。
10.
Thepatientsayshedreads______neighborstocarryhimandhiswheelchairupthestairstohistenth-floorapartmentwhentheelevatorgoesout.A.askingB.toaskC.beingaskedD.tobeasked正確答案:A[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別
dread在此表示:懼怕,擔(dān)心;因表示這個(gè)病人時(shí)常擔(dān)心的事,又根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);此外在dread的后面既可帶現(xiàn)在分詞形式,也可帶不定式形式作賓語(yǔ);現(xiàn)在分詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,不定式表示要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;本句表達(dá)的是已發(fā)生的事,因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞;所以選項(xiàng)A為答案。
11.
His______behaviormadeeveryonenervous.Hewasalwaysrushingtoopendoorsandperformothersmalltasks,apologizingunnecessarilyforanyinconveniencethathemighthavecaused.A.obliviousB.observantC.obsequiousD.obsolescent正確答案:C[解析]形近識(shí)別
A.oblivious遺忘的,健忘的;B.observant深切注意的;C.obsequious諂媚的,奉承的,逢迎的,卑躬的;D.obsolescent荒廢的;因此C為答案。
12.
Hewasfined$5,000bycityregulatorsforgivingmoneytoaninspector,anincidenthelaterdescribedas______.A.extentB.extinctionC.extortionD.extravagance正確答案:C[解析]形近識(shí)別
A.extent廣度,范圍;B.extinction消失,滅絕;C.extortion勒索,敲詐,強(qiáng)??;D.extravagance奢侈,鋪張,過(guò)度,放縱的言行;因表示:由于塞錢(qián)給一個(gè)檢察員,他被城管人員罰了5000美金,后來(lái)他將之稱為敲詐,因此C為答案。
13.
I'lljust______aneyeoverthesefiguresbeforeyoutypethem.A.tossB.castC.flingD.throw正確答案:B[解析]近義辨析。
這四個(gè)詞都指“投,拋,擲”。cast指轉(zhuǎn)向或引向:Alleyeswerecastuponthespeaker.所有目光皆投注在說(shuō)話者身上。toss:指以迅猛的速度突然移動(dòng)或抬起(頭):tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance在輕盈活潑的舞步中抬起他們的頭。fling指擺動(dòng)(身體一部分):Sheflungbackherheadproudly.她傲氣地把頭一揚(yáng)。throw指發(fā)出,投射:Shethrewmealookofencouragement.她向我投來(lái)鼓勵(lì)的目光。
14.
Manyyoungpeoplebelievethatwarisstupidandunnecessary.Tothem,toloseone'slifeonthebattlefieldis______.A.gloriousB.futileC.heroicD.courageous正確答案:B[解析]形容詞辨析
A.glorious光榮的,顯赫的;B.futile瑣細(xì)的,無(wú)用的,無(wú)效果的;C.heroic英雄的,英勇的;D.courageous勇敢的,有膽量的;而本句意為:許多年輕人認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是愚蠢和毫無(wú)必要的。對(duì)他們而言,在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上犧牲生命是______。根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境,B為答案。
15.
Forthesuccessoftheproject,thecompanyshould______themostoftheopportunitiesathand.A.obtainB.graspC.catchD.make正確答案:D[解析]makethemostof是習(xí)慣用法,表示“盡量利用,充分利用”。如:Wemustmakethemostofit.我們必須充分利用它。
16.
Hewascompletely______byhertaleofhardship.A.takenawayB.takendownC.takeninD.takenup正確答案:C[解析]習(xí)語(yǔ)辨析。
takein欺騙;吸收:Hewasnicelytakenin.他被騙得團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)。takeaway帶走,拿走:Thesebooksarenottobetakenaway.這些書(shū)不準(zhǔn)拿走。takedown記下來(lái):Themotorist'snameandaddressweretakendownbythepoliceman.汽車駕駛?cè)说男彰偷刂繁痪煊浵铝?。takeup開(kāi)始從事:I’mnotverygoodatFrench,Ionlytookituprecently.我的法語(yǔ)不太好,最近才開(kāi)始學(xué)。
17.
Ifwecan______anykindofkillinginthenameofreligion,thedoorisopenedforallkindsofotherjustifications.A.purifyB.satisfyC.justifyD.verify正確答案:C
18.
Anoverwhelmingrichnessofvegetationmayhavecausedthelevelofoxygen,toriseabovetoday's______,withacorrespondingdepletionofcarbondioxide.A.concentrationB.saturationC.satiationD.plenitude正確答案:A[解析]名詞辨析
A.concentration集中,濃縮,濃度;B.saturation飽和,飽和度;C.satiation飽食,飽滿,厭膩;D.plenitude充分;因此A為答案。
19.
Mymothersaysateachingmachinehastobe______tofitthemindofeachboyandgirlitteachesandthateachkidhastobetaughtdifferently.A.modifiedB.consideredC.adjustedD.remanufactured正確答案:C
20.
Themanagerjust______hisresignationtotheboardmeetingyesterdayandtodayanotheronetookhisplace.A.sentupB.sentoffC.sentoutD.sentin正確答案:D[解析]本題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是由send為中心詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。A項(xiàng)的意思是“上升”,B項(xiàng)意為“郵寄;送別”,C項(xiàng)為“送貨;發(fā)函”,D項(xiàng)為“呈送,提交”。根據(jù)句子的意思,D為正確答案。
Part2VocabularyReplacement1.
Foralongtimeinthatvastregion,thislawwasinabeyance.A.activeuseB.doubtC.discussionD.disuse正確答案:D[解析]短語(yǔ)辨析。
inabeyance:處于暫時(shí)終止(或擱置)狀態(tài):Thequestionisinabeyance.這個(gè)問(wèn)題暫時(shí)擱議。indoubt不肯定的,懷疑的:Hewasindoubtastowhetherheshouldacceptthepost.他對(duì)是否應(yīng)接受這一職務(wù)拿不定主意。disuse不用,廢止:rustyfromdisuse因棄置不用而生銹。
2.
InancientEgyptianpaintings,royalfiguresweredifferentiatedbymakingthemseveraltimeslargerthanothers.A.distinguishedB.estrangedC.deferredD.enlarged正確答案:A[解析]本題中,differentiate的意思是“區(qū)別,區(qū)分”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,distinguish的意思是“區(qū)別,辨別”,如:Canyoudistinguishthedifferentmusicalinstrumentsplayingnow?(你能區(qū)分出正在演奏的各種不同的樂(lè)器嗎?)estrange的意思是“疏遠(yuǎn)”;defer的意思是“推遲,延期”;enlarge的意思是“擴(kuò)大,放大”。只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。
3.
Thefutilityoftheprogramresultedfrompoorplanning.A.possiblefailureinthefutureB.ineffectivenessanduselessnessC.blindnesstoitsmistakesD.potentialdisaster正確答案:B[解析]名詞辨析。
futility無(wú)效,無(wú)用;ineffectivenessanduselessness無(wú)效及無(wú)用;possiblefailureinthefuture將來(lái)可能的失??;blindnesstoitsmistakes對(duì)錯(cuò)誤熟視無(wú)睹;potentialdisaster潛在的災(zāi)難。
4.
ItisreportedthatthelatestoutbreakofthebirdfluinPennsylvaniaintheUnitedStateshaspromptedChinatoslapabanonpoultryimportsfromthestate.A.marineproductsB.dairyproductsC.industrialproductsD.avianproducts正確答案:D[解析]本題意為“據(jù)報(bào)道,最近美國(guó)賓夕法利亞洲爆發(fā)的禽流感促使中國(guó)很快下令禁止從該地區(qū)進(jìn)口家禽類食品”。poultry的意思是“家禽類食品”;D項(xiàng)的“avianproducts鳥(niǎo)類食品”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)“marineproducts海產(chǎn)食品;dairyproducts乳制食品;industrialproducts工業(yè)產(chǎn)品”都不正確。
5.
TheancientJewishpeopleregardedthemselvesasthesaltoftheearth,thechosenfewbyGodtoruletheworld.A.outcastB.eliteC.nomadD.disciple正確答案:B[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別。
saltoftheearth社會(huì)中堅(jiān),高尚的人。句中“thechosenfewbyGodtoruletheworld(上帝選來(lái)統(tǒng)治世界的少數(shù)人)”作“saltoftheearth”的同位語(yǔ),用來(lái)解釋“saltoftheearth”。elite[集合名詞]精華,精銳,中堅(jiān)分子:theeliteofsociety社會(huì)名流。outcast被驅(qū)逐者,流浪者,流氓;nomad游牧部落的人,流浪者,游牧民;disciple信徒,弟子,門(mén)徒。
6.
ThetradefairisdesignedtofacilitatefurthercooperationbetweenChineseautoindustriesandoverseasautoindustries.A.promoteB.protectC.preserveD.prolong正確答案:A[解析]本題意為“本次交易會(huì)旨在促進(jìn)中國(guó)汽車行業(yè)和海外汽車行業(yè)的進(jìn)一步合作”。promote意為“促進(jìn),提升”,如:commercialspromotinganewproduct.(促進(jìn)新產(chǎn)品銷售的商業(yè)廣告)。protect意為“保護(hù)”;preserve意為“維持,維護(hù)”;prolong意為“延長(zhǎng),拖延”。只有A為正確答案。
7.
HismajortaskistointegratetheworkofVariousbureausundertheministry.A.organizeB.correspondC.coordinateD.respond正確答案:C[解析]本題中,integrate意思是“使完整,使成一體”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,coordinate意思是“使協(xié)調(diào),調(diào)整”,如:Oureffortsneedtobefurthercoordinatedforhigherefficiency.(為了獲得更高的效率我們的工作需要進(jìn)一步協(xié)調(diào))。organize意思是“組織,安排”;correspond意思是“符合,通信”;respond意思是“回答,響應(yīng)”。只有C符合題意。
8.
Carefultestingisnecessarybeforeanymoreexperimentscancontinuewiththeexploringsubmarine.A.needfulB.inneedofC.necessityD.ofnecessity正確答案:D[解析]近義詞辨析
necessary必要的,必需的,必然的;而A.needful必要的,需要的;B.inneedof需要;C.necessity必要性,需要,必需品;D.ofnecessity必要性,需要,必需品;盡管幾個(gè)詞都有“必要”之意,但用法不同:benecessary是指某事(物)是必要的;needful主要指“必須的,需要的”,例:todowhatisneedful做必須做的事;有時(shí)它有necessary之意,如:needfulexpenditure必要的支出;inneedof指某人或某事由于處在困境而需要幫助、建議、金錢(qián)等,例:Thisprojectisinurgentneedoffunding.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目急需資金;necessity是名詞,表“必要性,必需品”,例:Waterisanecessityoflife.水是生命必不可少的(在此不定冠詞a不能省略)。Foodandclothingarenecessitiesoflife.食物和衣服都是生活的必需品。而beofnecessity的作用即是necessary;類似的用法有很多,如:beofimportance=beimportant;因此D為答案。
9.
Theremusthavebeensomeonewhohasinstigatedarebellionbecausethepeoplearesowellorganized.A.incitedB.tamperedC.intrudedD.meddled正確答案:A[解析]動(dòng)詞辨析
instigated表:鼓動(dòng);A.incited激動(dòng),煽動(dòng);B.tampered干預(yù),玩弄,賄賂,損害,削弱,篡改;C.intruded;闖入,侵入,把(自己的思想)強(qiáng)加于人;D.meddled管閑事;因此A為答案。
10.
The20th-centurypoemsuggeststosomethingwehavebeenabletofindnothingabout.A.alludesB.avoidsC.allegesD.alerts正確答案:A[解析]動(dòng)詞辨析
suggests建議,提出,使想起,暗示;而A.a(chǎn)lludes暗指,影射,間接提到;B.a(chǎn)voids避免,消除;C.a(chǎn)lleges宣稱,斷言;D.a(chǎn)lerts警告,因此A為答案。
11.
Forthelastfewdecades,theJapaneseconceptofagoodlifewasdefinedbynarrowparameters:childrenwouldstudyhard,attendthebestuniversitypossible,andjoinabigcompanyasa"salaryman"orasan"officelady."A.capacitorsB.parachutesC.parallelsD.considerations正確答案:D[解析]名詞辨析
parameter表:參數(shù),起限定作用的因素,特征;A.capacitors電容器;B.parachutes降落傘;C.parallels平行線/面,類似的事,相似之處;D.considerations考慮,考慮因素,體貼,補(bǔ)償;因此D為答案。
12.
Generalacceptanceof3-Dfilmsmayprovehardtocomeby,astheexperienceofthreedecadesagoindicated.A.obtainB.explainC.understandD.discern正確答案:A[解析]本題中,comeby的意思是“來(lái)臨,達(dá)到”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,obtain的意思是“達(dá)到,得到”,如:HeobtainedaknowledgeofLatin.(他學(xué)會(huì)了拉丁文)。explain的意思是“解釋,說(shuō)明”;understand的意思是“懂,了解”;discern的意思是“目睹,認(rèn)識(shí)”。只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。
13.
Theincidenceofthisdiseasehasbeengreatlyreducedthankstoourhealthcareprogram.A.seriousnessB.frequencyofoccurrenceC.mortalityD.curerate正確答案:B[解析]本題中,incidence的意思是“發(fā)生(率);影響;影響的方式[范圍,程度]”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,frequencyofoccurrence的意思是“發(fā)生頻率”;seriousness的意思是“嚴(yán)肅,認(rèn)真”;mortality的意思是“死亡率”;curerate的意思是“治愈率”。只有B項(xiàng)符合題意。
14.
Thisreflectstheprioritybeingattachedtoeconomicoverpoliticalactivity,partlycausedbyagrowingreluctancetoenteracallingblightedbyrelentlesspublicitythatalltoooftenendsindestroyingcareersandreputations.A.powerfulnessB.unwillingnessC.renaissanceD.apologeticness正確答案:B[解析]名詞辨析。
reluctance勉強(qiáng),不情愿;powerfulness強(qiáng)壯、強(qiáng)大;unwillingness不情愿;renaissance再生,新生:Folkmusicisnowenjoyingarenaissance.民問(wèn)音樂(lè)現(xiàn)在又時(shí)興起來(lái)了。apologeticness道歉,辯解。
15.
Weregretbeingunabletoentertainyourrequestforprovidingfreeboardingto15sportsmenfortwoweeks.A.receiveB.complyC.coincideD.consider正確答案:D[解析]動(dòng)詞辨析。
entertain容納,接受(請(qǐng)求等),愿意考慮:entertainaproposal準(zhǔn)備考慮一個(gè)建議。consider考慮,照顧,認(rèn)為:Iamconsideringgoingabroad.我正在考慮出國(guó)。receive收到,接到,接待:Didyoureceiveanyletterstoday?你今天收到信了嗎?comply(不及物動(dòng)詞)順從,答應(yīng),遵守:Hereadilycompliedwithmyrequest,他欣然同意我的要求。coincide(不及物動(dòng)詞)一致,符合:Myideascoincidewithhis.我的想法與他的一致。
Part3CorrectingGrammaticalErrors1.
Fewpleasurescanequalsuchofacooldrinkonahotday.A.thisB.allthisC.thatD.allthat正確答案:C[解析]代詞應(yīng)用。
句中劃線部分應(yīng)該是代詞來(lái)替代前面提到的pleasure。that和those若跟有介詞短語(yǔ),可用來(lái)代表前面提到的東西,以避免重復(fù),等于“the+前面那個(gè)名詞”。
2.
Allinall,itisnowbeyonddoubtthatinsizeandscopetherapidglobalspreadofthehabittowearjeans,howeveritmaybeexplained,isanaccidentwithoutprecedentinthehistoryofhumanattire.A.ofwearing...incidentB.wearing...eventC.ofwearing...eventD.tobewearing...incident正確答案:C[解析]“穿……的習(xí)慣”應(yīng)用thehabitofwearing...;incident和event都表示“事件”,但incident常用來(lái)表示一個(gè)不平常、重要的或激烈的事件;而event常用來(lái)表示某事的發(fā)生是有趣、令人振奮、或不平常、重要的。例:Aspokesmansaiditwasanisolatedincident.發(fā)言人說(shuō)這只是一個(gè)孤立的事件。Oneofthemostimportanteventsinthehistoryofmankind.人類歷史上最重要的事件之一。因此答案為C。
3.
TheaffluentmiddleclasscreatedbytheAsianboomnowtakeupoverfromexportsasthemainengineofgrowth.A.takeoverfromexportsB.takefromexportsC.takeexportsD.takesexports正確答案:D[解析]
習(xí)慣搭配。
takesth.a(chǎn)ssth.(以某種方式)理解或解釋某事:Shetookwhathesaidasacompliment.她把他的話看做是恭維話。themiddleclass是集合名詞,后接動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式。
4.
Toweakenthedamageforearthquakes,scientistsareworkingonwaystoenableaccurateprediction.A.relieveB.deductC.minimizeD.rid正確答案:C[解析]weaken削弱,(使)變?nèi)?;Arelieve減輕,接觸,援救;B.deduct,扣除,演繹;C.minimize將……減到最少;D.rid(與of連用)擺脫;除去;例:toridthetownofrats消滅城里的老鼠;因此C為答案。
5.
Manystudentsagreedtocome,butsomestudentsagainstbecausetheysaidtheydon'thavetime.A.didnotbecausetheysaytheydidnotB.wereagainstbecausetheysaytheydon'tC.didnotbecausetheysaidtheydidnotD.wereagainstcomingbecausetheysaidtheydon't正確答案:C[解析]
時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用。
B和D的“wereagainst”與“agreed”不平行,所以是錯(cuò)誤的。A中的“say”與整句的時(shí)態(tài)不一致。在一個(gè)句中,如果動(dòng)詞重復(fù)使用時(shí),可用助動(dòng)詞,省掉動(dòng)詞。所以正確答案應(yīng)是C。
6.
Itisamarketwhichsalesvaluemightbemorethan10billionyuan.A.amarketwithasalesvaluethatmightbeB.amarketwhichmightbesalesvalueC.amarketwithsalevaluemightbeD.marketwithsalesmightbeavalue正確答案:A[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用。
本句應(yīng)用with短語(yǔ)修飾market,that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞salesvalue,而salesvalue是從句中的主語(yǔ)。
7.
Whenherealizedhehadbeensuggestedtosignthecontractbyintrigue,hethreatenedtostartlegalproceedingstocanceltheagreement.A.elicitedB.excitedC.deducedD.induced正確答案:D[解析]本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。本句意為“當(dāng)他意識(shí)到自己是受到蒙蔽才簽這份合同時(shí),就威脅說(shuō)要訴諸法律來(lái)終止這份協(xié)議”。而elicited“引出”;excited“激動(dòng);喚起”;deduced“推斷”;induced“引誘”,所以,答案是D。
8.
YesterdayImetJerryonWangfujingStreetandfoundhisbikewasthesamebrandthatofmine.A.asthatB.likethatC.asifthatD.likeit正確答案:A[解析]本句是比較級(jí)的應(yīng)用:thesame+名詞+as+名詞/代詞是同級(jí)比較;另外,被比較的兩個(gè)事物應(yīng)該是同等成分,為了避免重復(fù),往往使用that來(lái)代替前面已提及的名詞(復(fù)數(shù)用those代替),因此本句應(yīng)用thatofmine(指thebrandofmine),選項(xiàng)A為答案。
9.
Theproject,whichwillbeaccomplishedbytheendof2008,willexpandthecity'stelephonenetworktocoveronemillionusers.A.accomplishedB.beingaccomplishedC.havingbeenaccomplishedD.tobeaccomplished正確答案:D[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用
原句中which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句不能和bytheendof2008連用,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有動(dòng)詞不定式可表將來(lái),如果不定式動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,要用一般式;且不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)在此是不定式所表示動(dòng)作的承受者,因此要用被動(dòng)式;因此D為答案。
10.
Thehousewassituatedonahilloverthevillage.A.abovethevillageB.beyondthevillageC.underthevillageD.withinthevillage正確答案:A[解析]此句意為:那所房屋坐落在村莊上方的一山坡上。beyond和within都沒(méi)有“在……上方”之意;而over和above均有“在……上面,在……之上”之意,但above一般籠統(tǒng)地“指在……上方”,兩者之間一般不相互接觸,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)物體比另一個(gè)物體所處的位置高;反義詞為below。例如:Hishouseisabovemineonthehill.他的房子在山坡上,位置高于我的房子。而over表示“在……正上方”,指一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體的垂直上方,兩者之間一般不相互接觸,反義詞為under。例如:Theirofficeisrightoverours.他們的辦公室就在我們的辦公室上面。因此A為答案。
11.
ThebeliefisthelegendarylostcontinentofAtlantismaysomedaybefound.A.ItisbelievedthatB.ItisbelievingthatC.ThebeliefthatD.Thatbeliefis正確答案:A[解析]結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用。
Itisbelievedthat…人們普遍相信/認(rèn)為……
12.
Inordertoearnmoneyforhisfamily,itisnecessaryforhimtogetajob.A.itisnecessarytogetajobB.itisnecessarytofindajobC.hemustgetajobD.ajobmustbefound正確答案:C[解析]本句要注意主語(yǔ)與狀語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)保持一致;因狀語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是he,所以主語(yǔ)也應(yīng)為he;C為答案。
13.
I'mratherconcernedhowhewilltakeinhisschool.A.takeonB.takeupC.takeoffD.taketo正確答案:D[解析]習(xí)慣搭配。
taketo喜愛(ài),親近;Twokeenmindsthattheyare,theytooktoeachother.越敏銳的兩顆心,越容易互相吸引。takeon從事,開(kāi)始對(duì)付:tookonextraresponsibilities擔(dān)負(fù)了額外的責(zé)任。takeoff放開(kāi),離開(kāi):tookthebrakeoff開(kāi)閘。
14.
Hedidn'ttoreturnearlierthan3o'clock.A.wasnotexpectedB.didnotexpectC.wasexpectednotD.wasnotexpecting正確答案:A[解析]本句意為:別指望他三點(diǎn)前會(huì)回來(lái)。因是對(duì)過(guò)去的預(yù)期,應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí);He在此作主語(yǔ),應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);因此答案為A。
15.
Thegovernmenthashardlytakenmeasurestocrackdownonthesecrimeswhennewonesoccurred.A.HardlyhadthegovernmenttakenB.ThegovernmenthadhardlytakenC.HardlythegovernmenthadtakenD.Thegovernmentishardlytaking正確答案:A[解析]本句考查的是倒裝句的使用,hardly放在句首時(shí),要求句子部分倒裝;因此A為答案。
ⅡReadingComprehension
ThefactthatmostAmericansliveinurbanareasdoesnotmeanthattheyresideinthecenteroflargecities.Infact,moreAmericansliveinthesuburbsoflargemetropolitanareasthaninthecitiesthemselves.
TheBureauoftheCensusregardsanyareawithmorethan2,500peopleasanurbanarea,anddoesnotconsiderboundariesofcitiesandsuburbs.
AccordingtotheBureau,thepoliticalboundariesarelesssignificantthanthesocialandeconomicrelationshipsandthetransportationandcommunicationsystemsthatintegratealocale.ThetermusedbytheBureauforanintegratedmetropolisisanMSA,whichstandsforMetropolitanStatisticalArea.Ingeneral,anMSAisanyareathatcontainsacityanditssurroundingsuburbsandhasatotalpopulationof50,000ormore.
Atthepresenttime,theBureaureportsmorethan280MSAs,whichtogetheraccountfor75percentoftheUSpopulation.Inaddition,theBureaurecognizes18megapolises,thatis,continuousadjacentmetropolitanareas.Oneofthemostobviousmegapolisesincludesachainofhundredsofcitiesandsuburbsacross10statesontheEastCoastfromMassachusettstoVirginia,includingBoston,NewYork,andWashington,D.C.IntheEasternCorridor,asitiscalled,apopulationof45millioninhabitantsisconcentrated.AnothermegapolisthatisgrowingrapidlyistheCaliforniacoastfromSanFranciscothroughLosAngelestoSanDiego.1.
Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.MetropolitanStatisticalAreasB.TypesofPopulationCentersC.TheBureauoftheCensusD.Megapolises正確答案:B[解析]
主旨題型。
A和D都是文章敘述的一部分,C是進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)的機(jī)構(gòu),因而應(yīng)選B。
2.
Accordingtothepassage,wheredomostAmericanslive?A.Inthecenterofcities.B.Inthesuburbssurroundinglargecities.C.Inruralareas.D.Insmalltowns.正確答案:B[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。
答案出自第一段的第二句話...moreAmericansliveinthesuburbsoflargemetropolitanareasthaninthecitiesthemselves.metropolitan的意思是“大城市的”。
3.
Theunderlinedword"reside"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.fillB.decideC.occupyD.live正確答案:D[解析]詞義題型。
reside居住:resideabroad定居國(guó)外。
4.
AccordingtotheBureauoftheCensus,whatisanurbanarea?A.Achainofadjacentcities.B.Anareawithatleast50,000people.C.The18largestcities.D.Anareawith2,500peopleormore.正確答案:D[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。
答案出自第二段TheBureauoftheCensusregardsanyareawithmorethan2,500peopleasanurbanarea,anddoesnotconsiderboundariesofcitiesandsuburbs。
5.
WhichofthefollowingareNOTconsideredimportantindefininganurbanarea?A.Politicalboundaries.B.Transportationnetworks.C.Socialrelationships.D.Economicsystems.正確答案:A[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。
根據(jù)第三段第一句話AccordingtotheBureau,thepoliticalboundariesarelesssignificantthanthesocialandeconomicrelationshipsandthetransportationandcommunicationsystemsthatintegratealocale.lesssignificant不太重要。
6.
Theunderlinedword"integrate"inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.benefitB.defineC.uniteD.restrict正確答案:C[解析]詞義題型。
integrate使成整體,使一體化:Thebuildingandthelandscapearewellintegrated.這些建筑物和周圍的自然景物相融合,渾然一體。unite聯(lián)合,團(tuán)結(jié):Weshoulduniteinfightingpovertyanddisease.我們應(yīng)該團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)為消除貧困和疾病而斗爭(zhēng)。
7.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.AnintegratedmetropolisisanMSA.B.MSAstandsforMetropolitanStatisticalArea.C.Ametropolisincludesatleastametropolitan.D.AnMSAreferstocityanditssuburbs,withover50,000people.正確答案:C[解析]是非題型。
根據(jù)第三段第二、三句ThetermusedbytheBureauforanintegratedmetropolisisanMSA,...Ingeneral,anMSAis...得知,A、B、D三項(xiàng)在文中一一提到,因此,只有C項(xiàng)是不正確的。
8.
Theunderlinedword"adjacent"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.besideeachotherB.growingveryfastC.thesamesizeD.denselypopulated正確答案:A[解析]詞義題型。
adjacent鄰近的,接近的:adjacentcities相鄰的城市。選項(xiàng)A的意思是“互相挨著”,因此,與adjacent相近。
9.
Accordingtothepassage,whatisamegapolis?A.Oneofthe10largestcitiesintheUnitedStates.B.Oneofthe18largestcitiesintheUnitedStates.C.Oneofthel00citiesbetweenBostonandWashington.D.Anynumberofcontinuousadjacentcitiesandsuburbs.正確答案:D[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。
答案出自第四段第二句Inaddition,theBureaurecognizes18megapolises,thatis,continuousadjacentmetropolitanareas.
10.
WhydoestheauthormentiontheEasternCorridorandtheCaliforniacoastinParagraph4?A.Asexamplesofmegapolises.B.Because75percentofthepopulationlivesthere.C.Toconcludethepassage.D.TheBureauoftheCensusislocatedthere.正確答案:A[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。
根據(jù)第四段的theBureaureportsmorethan280MSAs,whichtogetheraccountfor75percentoftheUSpopulation,即75%的人住在MSA,但不單是theEasternCorridor,Californiacoast地區(qū),因而排除B。第四段是對(duì)megapolis的介紹,不是對(duì)文章的總結(jié),排除C。選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容沒(méi)有在文中提到。
Socialcontrolreferstosocialprocesses,plannedorunplanned,bywhichpeoplearetaught,persuaded,orforcedtoconformtonorms.Ineverysociety,somepunishmentsornegativesanctionsareestablishedfordeviantbehavior.Withoutdeviantbehaviortherewouldnotbeneedforsocialcontrolandwithoutsocialcontroltherewouldnotbeawayofrecognizingtheboundarybetweentheacceptableandtheunacceptable.
Socialcontrolmaybeeitherformalorinformal.Informalmechanismsincludeexpressionsofdisapprovalbysignificantothersandwithholdingofpositiverewardsfordisapprovedbehavior.Mostpeopleinternalizenormsinthecourseofsocialization.Thisisanygroup'smostpowerfulprotectionagainstdeviance,inthattheindividual'sownconscienceoperatesasanagentofsocialcontrol.Wheninformalsanctionsfail,formalagentsofsocialcontrolmaybecalledupon.Incontemporarysociety,suchformalagentsandagenciesincludepsychiatryandothermentalhealthprofessions;mentalhospitals;policeandcourtsoflaw;prisons;andsocialwelfareagencies.Alltheseformalagentsfunctiontolimit,correct,andcontrolviolationofnorms.Conflicttheoristswouldalsopointoutthatsocialcontrolagentsandsystemstend,inanysociety,toservetheinterestsofpowerfulgroupsandtoenforcethenormsmostbeneficialtothosewhomaketherulesandwho,therefore,defineunacceptablebehavior.
Socialcontrol,whetherformalorinformal,hasadualfunction.First,itpunishesthewrongdoerandreaff'irmstheboundariesofacceptablebehavior.Second,andlessrecognized,itregulatesthemannerinwhichdeviantsaretreated.11.
Socialcontrolreferstoprocessesbywhich______.A.normsaredevelopedB.normsareenforcedC.peopleareeducatedandtrainedD.peoplearerewardedandpunished正確答案:B[解析]
細(xì)節(jié)題型。
根據(jù)開(kāi)篇第一句Socialcontrolreferstosocialprocesses...bywhichpeoplearetaught,
persuaded,orforcedtoconformtonorms.(社會(huì)約束就是教育、勸導(dǎo)、強(qiáng)迫人們服從社會(huì)準(zhǔn)則的過(guò)程)可得知答案。選項(xiàng)B中enforce是強(qiáng)迫人服從(法律),因此,forcedtoconformtonorms等于normsareenforced。
12.
Everysocietyhasitsown______.A.plannedsystemsB.controllednormsC.recognizedboundaryD.establishedsanctions正確答案:D[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。
答案出自第一段第二句Ineverysociety,somepunishmentsornegativesanctionsareestablishedfordeviantbehavior.
13.
InformalmechanismsofsocialcontrolincludethefollowingEXCEPT______.A.ahighlevelofinterestinensuringconformityB.expressionofdisapprovalbysignificantothersC.withholdingofpositiverewardsforthedeviantsD.people'sinternalizationofnormsinsocialization正確答案:A[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。
從第二段第二句Informalmechanismsincludeexpressionsofdisapprovalbysignificantothersandwithholdingofpositiverewardsfordisapprovedbehavior.我們可以排除B、C兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第三句Mostpeopleinternalizenormsinthecourseofsocialization.的信息可判斷D項(xiàng)不是正確答案。第五句Wheninformalsanctionsfail,formalagentsofsocialcontrolmaybecalledupon.我們可知本句前面的內(nèi)容指的都是informal的內(nèi)容可以排除D項(xiàng)。
14.
Themostpowerfulprotectionagainstdevianceis______.A.negativesanctionsB.severepunishmentsC.theindividual'sconscienceD.unrestrainedsuppression正確答案:C[解析]推斷題型。
第二段的第四句Thisisanygroup'smostpowerfulprotectionagainstdeviance,inthattheindividual’sownconscienceoperatesasanagentofsocialcontrol.This指代的就是前面一句話,“大多數(shù)人在社會(huì)化的過(guò)程中把社會(huì)準(zhǔn)則內(nèi)在化”,inthat就是解釋為什么,“因?yàn)閭€(gè)人的是非觀是社會(huì)控制的施動(dòng)者之一”,所以,C項(xiàng)個(gè)人的是非觀才是正確答案。
15.
FormalagentsofsocialcontrolincludethefollowingEXCEPT______A.policestationsB.mentalhospitalsC.welfareagenciesD.vocationalschools正確答案:D[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。
根據(jù)第二段的第6句Incontemporarysociety,suchformalagentsandagenciesincludepsychiatryandothermentalhealthprofessions;mentalhospitals;policeandcourtsoflaw;prisons;andsocialwelfareagencies.文中沒(méi)有提到D項(xiàng)。
16.
Thepurposeofformalagentsisto______.A.makebeneficialrulesB.preservesocialordersC.controlviolationofnormsD.defineacceptablebehavior正確答案:C[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。
答案出自第二段第七句Alltheseformalagentsfunctiontolimit,correct,andcontrolviolationofnorms.
17.
WhichstatementaboutsocialcontrolagentsisNOTtrue?A.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoenforcethenorms.B.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoreceiveabenefit.C.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhomaketherules.D.Theytendtoservetheinterestofthosewhoarepowerful.正確答案:B[解析]是非題型。
從第二段第八句Conflicttheoristswouldalsopointoutthatsocialcontrolagentsandsystemstend,inanysociety,toservetheinterestsofpowerfulgroupsandtoenforcethenormsmostbeneficialtothosewhomaketherulesandwho,therefore,defineunacceptablebehavior.(矛盾論者指出,在任何社會(huì)中,社會(huì)約束的執(zhí)行者或執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)往往為有權(quán)勢(shì)的社會(huì)群體服務(wù),執(zhí)行對(duì)這些人有利的社會(huì)準(zhǔn)則,是這些人制定了準(zhǔn)則,規(guī)定了什么是不能認(rèn)可的行為。)得知,只有B項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到,因此,為正確答案。
18.
Accordingtoconflicttheorists,socialcontrolagentsandsystemsare______.A.liberalB.partialC.neutralD.overall正確答案:B[解析]
推斷題型。
根據(jù)第二段第八句中提到的,這樣的機(jī)構(gòu)是有偏向的。partial有偏向的,部分的、不完整的;liberal慷慨的、寬容的;neutral中立的、公平的;overall包括一切的、全部的。
19.
Inthethirdparagraph,"adualfunction"refersto______.A.formalandinformalB.rewardsandpenaltiesC.approvalanddisapprovalD.clarificationandregulation正確答案:D[解析]推斷題型。
文章的最后一段First,itpunishesthewrongdoerandreaffirmstheboundariesofacceptablebehavior.Second,andlessrecognized,itregulatesthemannerinwhichdeviantsaretreated.中的First...分句中的reaffirm“重申”,Second...分句中的regulate“控制和管理”與D項(xiàng)clarificationandregulation是對(duì)應(yīng)詞。
20.
Theperspectivefromwhichtheauthordiscussessocialcontrolis______.A.biologicalB.sociologicalC.psychologicalD.anthropological正確答案:B[解析]推斷題型。
本文通篇都在談?wù)撊说男袨楹蜕鐣?huì)約束的本質(zhì),這些是與社會(huì)學(xué)有關(guān)
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