翻譯三級筆譯實務(wù)分類模擬題5

翻譯三級筆譯實務(wù)分類模擬題5EnglishChineseTranslationIntheearlydaysofthesettlementofAustralia,enterprising（江南博哥）settlersunwiselyintroducedtheEuropeanrabbit.ThisrabbithadnonaturalenemiesintheAntipodes,sothatitmultipliedwiththatpromiscuousabandoncharacteristicofrabbits.

1

Itoverranawholecontinent.Itcauseddevastationbyburrowingandbydevouringtheherbagewhichmighthavemaintainedmillionsofsheepandcattle.Scientistsdiscoveredthatthisparticularvarietyofrabbit(andapparentlynootheranimal)wassusceptibletoafatalvirusdisease,myxomatosis.Byinfectinganimalsandlettingthemlooseintheburrows,localepidemicsofthisdiseasecouldbecreated.

2

Lateritwasfoundthattherewasatypeofmosquitowhichactedasthecarrierofthisdiseaseandpasseditontotherabbits.Sowhiletherestoftheworldwastryingtogetridofmosquitoes,Australiawasencouragingthisone.

3

Iteffectivelyspreadthediseasealloverthecontinentanddrasticallyreducedtherabbitpopulation.Itlaterbecameapparentthatrabbitsweredevelopingadegreeofresistancetothisdisease,sothattherabbitpopulationwasunlikelytobecompletelyexterminated.Therewerehopes,however,thattheproblemoftherabbitwouldbecomemanageable.

4

Ironically,Europe,whichhadbequeathedtherabbitasapesttoAustralia,acquiredthisman-madediseaseasapestilence.AFrenchphysiciandecidedtogetridofthewildrabbitsonhisownestateandintroducedmyxomatosis.Itdidnot,however,remainwithintheconfinesofhisestate.

5

ItspreadthroughFrance,wherewildrabbitsarenotgenerallyregardedasapestbutasasportandausefulfoodsupply,anditspreadtoBritainwherewildrabbitsareregardedasapestbutwheredomesticatedrabbits,equallysusceptibletothedisease,arethebasisofaprofitablefurindustry.ThequestionbecameoneofwhetherMancouldcontrolthediseasehehadinvented.1.

正確答案：歐洲兔子遍布整個澳洲。它們挖地洞，吃掉了本可用來飼養(yǎng)成百萬頭牛羊的牧草，造成了毀滅性的災(zāi)難。

2.

正確答案：后來發(fā)現(xiàn)有一種蚊子是這種傳染病的攜帶者，它能使兔子染上這種疾病。就這樣，當(dāng)世界其他地區(qū)在想方設(shè)法消滅蚊子時，澳大利亞卻在助長這種蚊子的滋生繁殖。

3.

正確答案：這種蚊子使疾病迅速蔓延到整個澳洲，造成兔子數(shù)量的劇減。后來，兔子顯然對這種疾病產(chǎn)生了一定的免疫力，因此不太可能遭到完全滅絕。

4.

正確答案：具有諷刺意味的是，歐洲把兔子作為有害動物給了澳洲，卻從澳洲染上了這種最終造成瘟疫的人為疾病。

5.

正確答案：疾病蔓延到整個法國，而在法國一般并不把野兔看成是有害動物，而是把它作為獵物和有用的食物來源。疾病然后又傳到英國，在那里，野兔雖然被看成是有害動物，但同樣會受到這種疾病感染的家兔卻為有利可圖的皮毛業(yè)提供原料。

6

Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidelyvaryingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,oratleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheword)ofthecrimespecies.ItscreationisoftentherelaxationofUniversitydons,literaryeconomist,scientistsorevenpoets.

7

Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,AfricanjungleorAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgaslitLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.

8

Theelaborate,carefully-assembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsof"significant"novels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.WiththeguiltofescapismfromRealLifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyararelysuperhumandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.

9

Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgasfilledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,whosufferingfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebruisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestle.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.

10

Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.6.

正確答案：描寫犯罪的小說的共同特點是它們都對犯罪感興趣，但題材范圍廣泛，體裁變化多種多樣，所以堪稱文學(xué)的一個獨立分支，或者至少要被視為是傳統(tǒng)小說中的一個盡管名聲有點不好但卻別具一格的支脈。

7.

正確答案：在上流社會中，人命案件出現(xiàn)可能要比料想的更頻繁、更神秘；但是，這些事件的案發(fā)地點——村莊、海濱勝地、學(xué)院或工作室，卻是我們所熟悉的：即使不是我們親身經(jīng)歷，至少也是報上登載或出現(xiàn)在朋友們的生活之中的。

8.

正確答案：精心安排、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密的情節(jié)，盡管受到現(xiàn)代唯理智論的批評家和“有重大意義的”小說的創(chuàng)作者們的鄙視，但卻在描寫謀殺案件的偵探小說中找到了庇護所，這種小說有一些關(guān)鍵的情節(jié)，以看來顯然不可能的事情來增添趣味，故事結(jié)束時又全部有妥善的解決辦法與說明。

9.

正確答案：連續(xù)不斷的拳擊戰(zhàn)、手槍決斗、撞車和逃出裝滿汽油的地窖，要比至少有兩根肋骨被打折、一只眼睛被打腫、遍體鱗傷并宿醉未醒，卻仍然能夠以摔跤運動員一樣的體格追擊并制服武裝歹徒的英雄人物更能使讀者精疲力竭。

10.

正確答案：也許在驚險小說中，我們領(lǐng)略不到那沉著冷靜的調(diào)查員幾經(jīng)周折和失敗最終安全地引領(lǐng)我們找出嫌疑犯的安全感。此時，使我們感到迷惑的一切都無可爭議地得以澄清，正義和善良取得絕對勝利。

Inman'searlydays,competitionwithothercreaturesmusthavebeencritical.Butthisphaseofourdevelopmentisnowfinished.Indeed,welackpracticeandexperiencenowadaysindealingwithprimitiveconditions.

11

Iamsurethat,withoutmodernweapons,Iwouldmakeaverypoorshowofdisputingtheownershipofacavewithabear,andinthisIdonotthinkthatIstandalone.Thelastcreaturetocompetewithmanwasthemosquito.Buteventhemosquitohasbeensubduedbyattentiontodrainageandbychemicalsprays.

12

Competitionbetweenourselves,personagainstperson,communityagainstcommunity,stillpersists,however;anditisasfierceasiteverwas.

Butthecompetitionofmanagainstmanisnotthesimpleprocessenvisionedinbiology.

13

Itisnotasimplecompetitionforafixedamountoffooddeterminedbythephysicalenvironment,becausetheenvironmentthatdeterminesourevolutionisnolongeressentiallyphysical.Ourenvironmentischieflyconditionedbythethingswebelieve.MoroccoandCaliforniaarebitsoftheEarthinverysimilarlatitudes,bothonthewestcoastsofcontinentswithsimilarclimates,andprobablywithrathersimilarnaturalresources.

14

Yettheirpresentdevelopmentiswhollydifferent,notsomuchbecauseofdifferentpeopleeven,butbecauseofthedifferentthoughtsthatexistinthemindsoftheirinhabitants.ThisisthepointIwishtoemphasize.Themostimportantfactorinourenvironmentisthestateofourownminds.

15

Itiswellknownthatwherethewhitemanhasinvadedaprimitiveculturethemostdestructiveeffectshavecomenotfromphysicalweaponsbutfromideas.Ideasaredangerous.TheHolyOfficeknewthisfullwellwhenitcausedhereticstobeburnedindaysgoneby.Indeed,theconceptoffreespeechonlyexistsinourmodemsocietybecausewhenyouareinsideacommunityyouareconditionedbytheconventionsofthecommunitytosuchadegreethatitisverydifficulttoconceiveofanythingreallydestructive.11.

正確答案：我可以肯定，要是我不用現(xiàn)代武器而去和一頭熊爭奪一座山洞的所有權(quán)，我會窘態(tài)畢露的，而且我相信，會出洋相的絕非我一人。

12.

正確答案：然而人類之間的競爭，個人與個人、社會與社會之間的競爭仍然在繼續(xù)，而且這種斗爭的激烈程度并不亞于過去。

13.

正確答案：人與人之間的競爭并不是那種為了爭奪由物質(zhì)環(huán)境決定的一定量食物而進行的簡單競爭，因為決定人類進化的環(huán)境已經(jīng)不再主要是物質(zhì)的了。

14.

正確答案：然而，它們目前的發(fā)展程度卻全然不同，這并不是因為人的不同，而是因為存在于兩地居民頭腦中的觀念不同。

15.

正確答案：眾所周知，凡是原始文化遭到白人入侵的地方，最具有破壞效果的不是有形的武器，而是思想。

Althoughtruthandjusticemaybethemostpowerfulimpulsestoshowmoralcourage,thereareothers.Compassionisoneofthese.Tentativelyitcanbesuggestedthatthisisthemaininfluenceuponthosewhourgetheabolitionofcapitalpunishment.

16

Itisrecognitionofcompassion'spartthatleadstheupholdersofcapitalpunishmenttoaccusetheabolitionistsofsentimentalityinbeingmoresorryforthemurdererthanforhisvictim.ThisisnonsensebutwithitsomeorgansofthepopularPressplayedupontheemotionsoftheirreaderssosuccessfullythatmanycandidatesforParliamentwereafraidtosupportabolitionforfearoflosingvotesandtheresultwasthemuddle-headedHomicideActof1957whichmademurderwithrobberyacapitalcrimeandallowedthepoisonertoescapethegallows.Thatillogicalqualificationshowshowflimsyistheargumentthatcapitalpunishmentisadeterrenttomurder.

17

Thepoisoneralwaysworksonacalculatedplanofactionandthereforeisabletoconsiderwhetherornothistakinganother'slifeisworththeriskofhisown;theviolentthiefisusuallyatthemercyofaninstantemotion.Theonlyarguablepleaforcapitalpunishmentistherightofsocietytoretributioninthisworldwiththeprospectoflifeinanother,butsincewhatusedtoseemtothegreatmajorityofcivilizedhumanitytheassuranceofantherlifebeyondthegravehascometoseemtomoreandmorepeoplelesscertain,afeelingforthevalueofhumanlifehasbecomedeeperandmorewidespread.Thismayseemaparadoxicalclaimtomakeatatimewhenmankindissomuchpreoccupiedwithweaponsofdestruction.

18

Nevertheless,itisaclaimthatcanbesustainedandifcompassionanimatesthosewhourgetheabolitionofthedeathpenaltyitisnotasentimentalcompassionforthementalagonyinflicteduponacondemnedmanbutadreadofdestroyingthemiracleoflife.

19

Whenintheeighteenthcenturyoffencesagainstthelawthattodaywouldnotearnamonthinprisonwerepunishedwiththedeathpenalty,theseverityofthepenalcodehadnoseriouseffectontheprevalenceofcrime.Whenitmadenodifferencetothefateofahighwaymanwhetherhehadkilledhisvictimormerelyrobbedhimofafewpiecesofsilver,therewerenomoremurdersthantherewerewhenmenlikeSirFrancisBurdettsucceededinlighteningtheexcessiveseverityofthepenallaws.

20

Inthosedaysthesacrednessoflifeonearthwasnotgreatlyregardedbecausealifeintheworldtocomewastakenforgrantedexceptbyacomparativelysmallminorityofphilosophers.16.

正確答案：正是由于認識到憐憫的作用，才使主張死刑的人指責(zé)提倡廢除死刑的人感情用事，說他們?yōu)闅⑷朔竿锵儆跒槭芎φ咄锵А?/p>

17.

正確答案：投毒者總是按照周密的行動計劃行事，因此他能夠考慮是否值得冒自己的生命危險去干掉別人；而行兇的竊賊則通常是受一時沖動所支配。

18.

正確答案：盡管如此，這卻是一個可以得到認可的主張；如果說憐憫之心使那些極力要求廢除死刑的人感到激動，這并不是對死刑囚犯所受精神痛苦感情用事的憐憫，而是對毀滅奇跡般的生命感到恐懼。

19.

正確答案：今天不足以判處一個月監(jiān)禁的觸犯法律的行為，在18世紀(jì)卻被判處死刑，刑法的嚴(yán)峻對犯罪行為的猖獗并無重大影響。

20.

正確答案：那個時代并不十分重視生命的神圣，因為除了相當(dāng)少的一部分哲學(xué)家外，人們都理所當(dāng)然地認為來世還有生命。

Peopleallovertheworldtodayarebeginningtohearandlearnmoreandmoreabout,theproblemofpollution.

21

Pollutioniscausedeitherbythereleasedbymanofcompletelynewandoftenartificialsubstancesintotheenvironment,orbyreleasinggreatlyincreasedamountsofanaturalsubstance,suchasoilfromtankersintothesea.

22

Thewholeindustrialprocesswhichmakesmanyofthegoodsandmachinesweneedanduseinourdailylives,isboundtocreateanumberofwasteproductstoupsettheenvironmentbalance,ortheecologicalbalanceasitisalsoknown.Manyofthesewasteproductscanbepreventedordisposedofsensibly,butclearlywhilemoreandmorenewgoodsareproducedandmadecomplex,therewillbenew,dangerouswastestobedisposedof,forexample,thewasteproductsfromnuclearpowerstations.Manypeople,therefore,seepollutionasonlypartofalargerandmorecomplexproblem,thatis,thewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods.

23

Othersagainseetheproblemmainlyinconnectionwithagriculture,wherenewmethodsarehelpingfarmersgrowmoreandmoreontheirlandtofeedourever-increasingpopulations.However,thelanditselfisgradually