翻譯二級筆譯綜合能力模擬46

翻譯二級筆譯綜合能力模擬46Section1VocabularyandGrammarThissectionconsistsof3parts.Readthedirectionsfor（江南博哥）eachpartbeforeansweringthequestions.Part1VocabularySelectionInthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Beloweachsentence,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,CandDrespectively.Choosethewordwhichbestcompleteseachsentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Chinaisproudofitsachievementsaccomplishedthrough______effortsthroughalltheseyearssinceitsopeningofitsmarket.A.formidableB.fortuitousC.strenuousD.long正確答案：C[解析]近義詞語義辨析。題干意為“中國為經過______努力取得的成就感到自豪”，選項中只有strenuous(艱苦的，奮發(fā)的)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選C。

2.

Thereasonwhythisarticlewasidentifiedasplagiarismwasthatthetwotheseswerein______agreementexceptforafewdetails.A.substantialB.substituteC.subsidiaryD.subsequent正確答案：A[解析]形近詞語義辨析。題干意為“這篇文章被認定為剽竊，原因除了一些細節(jié)外，這篇論文與另一篇______雷同”，選項中只有substantial(大量的，相當程度的；本質，實質的)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選A。

3.

Likehumans,ratscanalsobecome______todrugsandunabletoextricatethemselves.A.addictedB.adoptedC.adaptedD.disturbed正確答案：A[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“和人類一樣，老鼠也會對毒品______”，選項中只有addicted(成癮，上癮)符合上下文語義和詞語的搭配，故選A。

4.

Whilethepresidentwas______hisspeech,about50protestorsdemonstratedinfrontoftheUSembassy,condemningtheUSmilitarydeploymentintheregion.A.intoningB.utteringC.speakingD.delivering正確答案：D[解析]語用辨析。題干意為“在總統(tǒng)______演講時，大約50名抗議者在美國大使館前示威，譴責美國在該地區(qū)的軍事部署”，選項中只有delivering(發(fā)表)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選D。

5.

Ifyouwantto______fromthedisease,youmustrestwellandfollowthedoctor'sadvices.A.renderB.recoverC.rebateD.refrain正確答案：B[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“如果你想從疾病中______，那么你必須好好休息”，選項中只有recover(恢復)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選B。

6.

Wewereallawedbythe______oftheGreatWallandfeltthatthesceneissecondtonone.A.gratitudeB.grandeurC.gravityD.glare正確答案：B[解析]近義詞語義辨析。題干意為“我們都對長城的______感到敬畏，覺得這是無與倫比的”，選項中只有grandeur(壯麗)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選B。

7.

Ifeveryoneis______tootherpeople'ssuffering,thenthesocietywillbedifficultforeveryonetolivein.A.indigenousB.indicativeC.indifferentD.indignant正確答案：C[解析]形近詞語義辨析。題干意為“如果每個人都對他人的痛苦______，那么這個社會對每個人來說都將是難以生存的”，選項中只有indifferent(漠不關心的)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選C。

8.

Theprofessor'snewbookisagreatsellerandhasreceived______fromtheacademiccircles.A.accessoriesB.accusesC.accusationsD.accolades正確答案：D[解析]形近詞語義辨析。題干意為“教授的新書很暢銷，并且得到了學術界的______”，選項中只有accolades(贊美，表揚)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選D。

9.

TheearlyChristianchurchhadmeetingsinsecrecytoescapeRomanimperial______.A.perceptionB.persecutionC.presumptionD.execution正確答案：B[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“早期的基督教會秘密集會以逃避羅馬帝國的______”，選項中只有persecution(迫害)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選B。

10.

Mr.Simpson'sbookbecomeshisquesttouncovertheirhistory,______withthenarrativeofhisfamily'sdecline.A.scatteredB.spreadC.diversifiedD.interspersed正確答案：D[解析]近義詞語義辨析。題干意為“辛普森先生的書幫助他探尋他們的歷史，書中還______對他家族衰落的描述”，選項中只有interspersed(點綴，散布)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選D。

11.

Allthesecrashesresultfrom______driving—simplynotpayingattentiontotheroadwhenthedriversaredriving.A.distractedB.distributedC.disputedD.diverted正確答案：A[解析]近義詞語義辨析。題干意為“這些車禍都是由于司機開車時______造成的，因為他們根本沒有注意到路面”，選項中只有distracted(分心)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選A。

12.

Thiscommercial______wasthesubjectofcontroversyonthelegislationmeeting.A.statusB.statueC.statuteD.state正確答案：C[解析]形近詞語義辨析。題干意為“這項商業(yè)______在會議上引起了爭議”，選項中只有statute(法規(guī))符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選C。

13.

Asthepreviousspeecheshadbeentoolong,thechairmanhadtoaskthefollowingspeakersto______theirtalksintofiveminutes.A.repressB.depressC.compressD.impress正確答案：C[解析]形近詞語義辨析。題干意為“由于前面的發(fā)言太長，主席不得不要求后面的發(fā)言者把他們的發(fā)言______到五分鐘”，選項中只有compress(壓縮，精簡)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選C。

14.

TheWorldBankiscertainlynota______bankanditdoesnotinvolvethetypicalbankingbusiness.A.essentialB.potentialC.quintessentialD.inertial正確答案：C[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“世界銀行當然不是______的銀行，也不涉及典型的銀行業(yè)務”，選項中只有quintessential(典型的)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選C。

15.

DuringJapan'srevolutioninthe19thcentury,theJapanesedenouncedtheirowntraditionalcultureand______thewesternidealsandvaluesatthattime.A.embracedB.refusedC.dismissedD.laughed正確答案：A[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“在19世紀的日本革命期間，日本人譴責自己的傳統(tǒng)文化并______當時西方的理想和價值觀”，選項中只有embraced(擁抱，接受)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選A。

16.

Themanwasnotoriousforhismisdemeanorinthetown.Onceheevenhadthenerveto______hisbestfriendintobuyinghishouseatahighprice.A.beguileB.despiseC.bewilderD.deceive正確答案：A[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“這個人甚至膽敢______他最好的朋友以高價買下他的房子”，選項中只有beguile(欺騙)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選A。

17.

Hisjobisto______theeditsovereachnewversionofthearticles.A.propagateB.propelC.proposeD.proportionate正確答案：A[解析]近義詞語義辨析。題干意為“他的工作是在文章的每個新版本上______編輯內容”，選項中只有propagate(傳播，宣傳)的語義能構成符合英文語用習慣的搭配，故只有A選項符合題意。

18.

InJonathan'ssatirefictions,thepoliticians,leftandright,areall______,onlycaringaboutthemselvesbutneveraboutothers.A.hypocriticalB.hypnoticalC.hypotheticalD.hyperbolical正確答案：A[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“在喬納森的諷刺小說中，左右兩派的政客都是的，只關心自己，從不關心別人”，選項中只有hypocritical(偽善的)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選A。

19.

Thereporterwas______inyesterday'snewspaperforhisunprofessionalbehavior.A.abusedB.slanderedC.vilifiedD.criticized正確答案：C[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“這位記者因其非職業(yè)行為而在昨天的報紙上受到______”，選項中只有vilified(中傷，輕視)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選C。

20.

Wecouldn't______theoldladytotravelbyair,sowehadtodrivefor20hourstotakeherbackhome.A.seduceB.induceC.introduceD.produce正確答案：B[解析]語義辨析。題干意為“我們未能______那位老太太乘飛機旅行，所以我們不得不開20個小時的車送她回家”，選項中只有induce(勸誘)符合上下文語義和詞語搭配，故選B。

Part2VocabularyReplacementThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemonewordisunderlined,andbeloweach,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,CandDrespectively.Choosethewordthatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartwithoutcausinganygrammaticalerrororchangingthebasicmeaningofthesentence.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Ifthisactivegeneisamutationthatwouldotherwisehavebeenrecessive,itcanleadtodisease.Conversely,ifthesilencedgeneisharmfulinsomeway,imprintingcanbebeneficial.A.ConfusinglyB.ContrarilyC.ComparativelyD.Conceivably正確答案：B[解析]詞義辨析。觀察兩個條件之間的邏輯關系，先從“activegene”和“silencedgene”看出前后是相反相對的關系，再由“beneficial”和“l(fā)eadtodisease”的語義相悖確定判斷，因此替換部分應為“完全相反地，相對地”，B答案最符合。

2.

ThefirmsareChristian-ownedandclaimthelawabridgestheirreligiousfreedom.A.shortensB.promisesC.allowsD.diminishes正確答案：D[解析]詞義辨析。本題要抓住“claim(聲稱)”一詞，后常接觀點主張，在當下大部分國家中，世俗社會和宗教律法之間都存在沖突，替換部分最可能意為“‘限制，剝奪’他們的宗教自由”。脫離語境可能會選到A，因其也是替換詞的義項之一。

3.

Gracetakestheblame,coverstheshame,removesthestigma...shemakesbeautyoutofuglythings.A.spotB.salvationC.stainD.slur正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。前面的“blame”“shame”，后面的“uglythings”都提示此處的替換部分指的是一些(道德等方面的)污點，因此選A。

4.

Healthsystemsstrengthening—which,inglobalhealthspeak,meansbuildingandreinforcingthestaff—mustcontinuetotakeplace.A.recruitingB.retainingC.recommendingD.registering正確答案：A[解析]形近詞辨析。根據(jù)前面“strengthening”的提示，其后的替換部分語義為“加入新力量”，注意動賓搭配。

5.

Thissystemhasmonitorcapabilitycoveringtheentireproperty,insideandout.Additionally,teachersandparentsarevigilanttoreportpersonsonthepropertywithoutasecuritybadge.A.resourcefulB.committedC.observantD.conscientious正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。本題的關鍵在理解“monitorcapability”，顯然“Additionally”提供的暗示是老師和家長所做的事(動賓)具有的特質(形容詞，副詞)和監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)有類似的功能，因此替換詞此處意為“觀察機敏的”。

6.

Thearchaeologistsexcavatedtheruins,coveredthembackupagain,andeverything'sbacktothewayitwas.A.destructionsB.wrecksC.crashesD.eruptions正確答案：B[解析]詞義辨析。發(fā)掘出再掩埋的，應該是某種需要保護的、具有歷史文化意義的東西。B和C在某些情況下有重合，但此處指的是建筑等遺址，而不是撞擊。A為“毀壞”，D為“(火山)爆發(fā)”。

7.

Suchgamesareusuallyplayedbehindcloseddoorsorinsecludedplacesduetothefactthatmanychildrenknowsuchactivityistabooinmanyhomes.A.subversiveB.divisiveC.forbiddenD.shameful正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。小孩子玩游戲得背著大人，表達了一種“隱秘”和“規(guī)訓”之間的沖突，所以替換部分的意思應該為“這種活動是不被允許的，被禁止的”，故選C。

8.

SoleParentSupport(forsingleparentswhoseyoungestchildisunder14years)andaSupportedLivingPaymentareforthosesignificantlyrestrictedbyillnessordisability.A.refinedB.affinedC.definedD.confined正確答案：D[解析]形近詞辨析。前面兩個大寫的法案，尤其是括號中的內容，表明題干中談及的是對弱勢群體的社會保障，因此替換部分也應該是某種因為病和殘疾導致的不利處境。從這個意義出發(fā)很容易選出答案D。

9.

IntheopeningsceneofStepUp2:TheStreets,someonevibratesunderneathasubwayseat.A.swingsB.fluctuatesC.quiversD.undulates正確答案：C[解析]近義詞辨析。A選項一般指的是一端固定的晃動，B表示的是不斷的、無規(guī)律的程度或價值等的變動，D是波浪狀的輕微擺動。題干中(某人)在地鐵凳子下，這不是乘客應有的位置，所以肯定是一個戲劇化的場合，但空間有限，應該是“抖動”。

10.

HolChanMarineReservehasnowallowedfishandotherspeciestoregenerate,providinganimportantsanctuaryformarinelifeandanoutstandingunderwaterexperienceforvisitors.A.settlementB.galleryC.memorialD.refuge正確答案：D[解析]詞義辨析。從“allowedfishandotherspeciestoregenerate”得到足夠的暗示，此處有保護海洋物種再生的重要功能，替換詞是海洋生物的避難所。語義清晰，應為“保護地，避難所”。

11.

Thenextstepwillbeprocessingtheresultstodeciphermorecluesabouttheattitudes,beliefsanddemographiccharacteristicsofpeopleengagedinthesepublicconversationsonTwitter.A.followB.searchC.interpretD.reveal正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。替換部分處于一個不定式中，不定式在另一動詞之后常表示其目的或動作的承接。因此應該從“處理數(shù)據(jù)和______線索”的語義邏輯尋找答案。關乎態(tài)度、信仰、個人特征的線索(clues)，都包含在推特海量的對話數(shù)據(jù)中，因此經過處理，再進行“解讀”是最合適的答案。

12.

Filledwithwhimsicalmusic,vibrantcostumesandspectacularscenicelements,thisintriguingtaleaboutacuriousandimaginativeyounggirlhasattractedreadersformanygenerations.A.enchainedB.enchasedC.enthralledD.enchanted正確答案：D[解析]形近詞辨析。替換部分之前是對音樂、服裝、布景的形容，眾多具有積極語義的詞如“intriguing”“curious”“imaginative”都能夠幫助考生找到替換部分的意思，是一種對正面吸引的自愿投入，故選D。

13.

Publicopinionisfickleandmoresoinanationlikeourswhereilliteracyandbackwardnessstillabound.A.insecureB.impatientC.impulsiveD.inconsistent正確答案：D[解析]詞義辨析。國家落后，民眾文化水平低，公眾思維能力和自我表達能力就比較弱，意見就不能保持前后一致，會“變化無?！?。

14.

Thereactionwasinstantandoverwhelming.Socialmediaexploded,radiophone-insandTVdebatescombustedwithfury,andpoliticiansofallpartieslineduptodemandmysacking.A.instantaneousB.inauspiciousC.innumerousD.injudicious正確答案：A[解析]形近詞辨析。媒體和各界的反應激烈而迅速，所以選A。

15.

Itistorevivegeneraleconomicgrowthandensurethatenergy—basedoninternationalsupply,productionandinnovation—fullylubricatesthewheelsofwealthcreation.A.inspectsB.loosensC.greasesD.polishes正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。此處運用比喻手法，說明若要創(chuàng)造財富并恢復經濟增長，提供動力的車輪需要跑起來，最需要的是“提供動力和潤滑”。

16.

Theresearchisobviouslypainstaking:theauthorincludesalargeglossaryofmorethan100pagesaswellasapronunciationkeyfortheRomannames.A.quantitativeB.inspirationalC.meticulousD.sophisticated正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。作者收集了大量的資料，100頁的詞匯表(并帶有發(fā)音說明)表明工作量非常大且工作細致。A選項不表示數(shù)量多，而是“量化”的意思。B和D項與題意不符。

17.

Next,wefocusonseveralareaswheregender-basedviolenceispervasive:inuniversities,urbansettings,duringwarandmilitarizedlocations,andintheglobaleconomy.A.extremeB.widespreadC.intimateD.physical正確答案：B[解析]詞義辨析。注意句中的冒號有詮釋或舉例的作用。冒號后是不同的地點場合，針對特定性別(女性)的暴力到處都存在，推論出替換部分的語義為“處處都有的”。

18.

However,whatisagonizingandunbearableistheduplicityandinsincerityofthesemediawhorefusedtocriticizetheGermanpoliceforitsillegalbehavior.A.hypocrisyB.barbarityC.imparityD.ardency正確答案：A[解析]詞義辨析。替換部分之前的“duplicity”、其后所屬格結構的邏輯主語“媒體”和后面的定語從句(對媒體的具體行為的描述會幫助確定寫作者的態(tài)度與觀點)都提示媒體的不發(fā)聲是一種“虛偽”，和B、C、D項的“野蠻”“不配合”“熱心”無關。

19.

TheDailyMirror'sjubilantpraiseoftheWolves'performance,crownedbytheclaimtheywerenow"ChampionsoftheWorld",raisedhiseyebrow.A.irrepressibleB.festalC.exultantD.hope-filled正確答案：C[解析]詞義辨析。注意形容詞jubilant作前置定語和名詞praise之間的語義關系，crowned和ChampionsoftheWorld分別說明了贊美的程度和性質，非常熱烈、友好，故選C。

20.

TheoriginalinspirationfortheideaofChurchgovernmentwastheself-interestofthemonkJohnofFordon,whohadfabricatedsuchanillustriouspasttoelevatetheprestigeofhisownorder.A.hilariousB.gloriousC.precariousD.vagarious正確答案：B[解析]形近詞辨析。elevatetheprestige意為“提升威望”，故編造輝煌的過往符合句意。

Part3ErrorCorrectionThispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachofthemthereisanunderlinedpartthatindicatesagrammaticalerror,andbeloweach,thereare4choicesmarkedbylettersA,B,CandDrespectively.Choosethewordorphrasethatcanreplacetheunderlinedpartsothattheerroriscorrected.ThereisonlyONErightanswer.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.

Onissuessuchasclimatechangeandtrade,ChinahasactedmoreresponsiblethantheTrumpadministration,seekingtoupholdglobalaccordsratherthanchuckgrenadesatthem.A.isactingmoreresponsibleB.actedwithmoreresponsiblyC.hasactedmoreresponsiblyD.hasactedmoreresponsibilities正確答案：C[解析]副詞用法。本題中動詞后面應該出現(xiàn)的是副詞responsibly，而不是形容詞responsible，形容詞不能修飾副詞。

2.

Conversely,aEuropeweakenanddividebytheworld'smostpowerfulcountrywouldexacerbateproblemsfarbeyondtheEU'sborders.A.weakeningordividingB.weakeninganddividedC.weakenedbutdividingD.weakenedanddivided正確答案：D[解析]過去分詞的用法。本題中畫線部分作Europe的后置定語，意思為“一個被分裂、削弱的歐洲”，因此應該用過去分詞表示被動。

3.

InJapan,morepupilscommitsuicideonSeptember1st,justbeforethestartofthenewterm,aswellasonanyotherday.A.likeanydayB.asanyotherdayC.thanonanyotherdayD.onanyotherday正確答案：C[解析]比較級用法。句子前面出現(xiàn)的more提示后面應該有than出現(xiàn)。

4.

AgraduatestudentatOxfordUniversitysayshewas"emotionallyscarredforatleastfiveyears"aftertormentedinmiddleschoolinHongKong.A.beforehavingtormentedB.afterbeingtormentedC.whilehavebeentormentedD.aftertormenting正確答案：B[解析]動名詞的用法。在介詞after后面跟動詞時，動詞應該以v.-ing形式出現(xiàn)，本題中依語義，應該用動名詞的被動語態(tài)。

5.

Stateswiththestrictestlaws,suchasMassachusetts,requiringschoolofficialstoreportallbullyingtothehead,whomust"promptlyconductaninvestigation".A.schoolofficialsrequireB.schoolofficialsarerequiringC.requiresschoolofficialsD.requireschoolofficials正確答案：D[解析]主謂一致。本句中的主語是States，畫線部分應該是謂語部分，所以謂語動詞要與主語在數(shù)上保持一致，故選D。

6.

Lookingathismap,hetriestoworkoutfromwhereshootingswilltakeplace.A.whereB.inwhichC.bywhichD.whereis正確答案：A[解析]賓語從句。本題中在動詞workout后面應該跟賓語，因此從句是一個賓語從句。從語義上來看，應該由where來引導該從句。

7.

Historicallybeingdevotedtocatchingparkingoffenders,themetropolicenowhasananti-gangunit.A.devotingtoB.hasdevotedtoC.weredevotingtoD.devotedto正確答案：D[解析]過去分詞作狀語。句子的主語是police，畫線部分是非謂語動詞形式，按照語法規(guī)則，其邏輯主語應該是句子的主語police。從語義上來判斷，畫線部分應該用過去分詞，意為“從歷史上看其主要工作是抓違章停車者”，警察的工作是分配的，所以要用表示被動的過去分詞。

8.

Manyweredumpinggroundswhentheapartheidregimeremovedpeopleofmixedraceliketheinnercityinthe1960s.A.aboutB.onC.fromD.within正確答案：C[解析]介詞與動詞的搭配。from與remove連用意為“從……中除去……”，屬于固定搭配。

9.

OnememberwhichlivesinHanoverParkexplainshisinitiationintotheAmericans,probablythelargestgang.A.wholivesB.wholiveC.thatislivingD.withliving正確答案：A[解析]定語從句。由于先行詞是人，并且是單數(shù)，所以要選A。

10.

Inspiteofmemberspassinandoutofjail,linesblurbetweenprisonandstreetgangs,creatingnewrivalries.A.LestB.ThoughC.IfD.As正確答案：D[解析]連詞使用。從本句的語義上來看，前面的從句應該是時間狀語從句，故選as作為引導詞。

11.

Whenchangestakeplaceinthemarketstheyareinvolvedin,itcanencouragenewentrantsandbattlesforturf,whichleadingtosurgesinviolence.A.isleadingtoviolenceinsurgesB.ledtoinviolencesurgesC.leadingtosurgesinviolenceD.leadstosurgesinviolence正確答案：C[解析]現(xiàn)在分詞的用法。本題中已經有主句、從句，因此畫線部分是補充信息的附屬成分，故選現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語。

12.

ThegovernmentisgettingnothingdonebecauseBrexitoccupiesmostoftheirconsiderablecapacityforinternecinewarfare.A.mostofitsconsiderablecapacityB.mostofhisconsiderablycapacityC.theirmostconsiderablycapacityD.mostconsiderablecapacityoftheir正確答案：A[解析]代詞指代用法。畫線部分是一個原因狀語從句，其中的代詞their指代的是thegovernment，在本句中該集體名詞是單數(shù)，所以代詞應該用its。

13.

Havingmorethan800minternetusersmeansthecountryhasanoverabundanceofdata,amostimportantinputforAIservices.A.mostimportantlyinputforAIservicesB.themostimportantinputforAIservicesC.importantlyinputforAIservicesD.mostoftheimportantinputforAIservices正確答案：B[解析]同位語的用法。畫線部分從語義上來看，是對data進一步補充信息，意為“用于人工智能服務最重要的數(shù)據(jù)輸入”，作同位語。此同位語是一個典型的名詞詞組結構(限定詞+前置修飾語+名詞+后置修飾語)。

14.

Thissortoftechnologicalcapacitycouldleadtoa"techcoldwar",aseachsideseekingtodominatetheotherbyfairmeansandfoul.A.soeachsideseekingtodominateB.everysideseekstodominateC.foreachsidetoseektodominateD.witheachsideseekingtodominate正確答案：D[解析]獨立主格結構。畫線部分是一個“with+獨立主格”，對techcoldwar作進一步解釋，在句子中是次要成分。

15.

SurveysinBritainandAmericaconsistentlyshowthatthebiggestworryparentshavefortheirschool-agechildreniswhattheywillbebullied.A.thattheywillbebulliedB.theirbullyingC.whytheyarebullyingD.tobullythem正確答案：A[解析]表語從句。本題中有多個從句，show后面的that從句(賓語從句)中有一個定語從句和一個表語從句，表語從句補充說明worry的具體內容，應該由that來引導。

16.

Still,takingtogether,China'seffortsareshapingatechnosystemquitedifferentfromanyintheWest.A.iftotaketogetherB.takentogetherC.totaketogetherD.bytakingtogether正確答案：B[解析]過去分詞。本句中畫線部分是非謂語動詞形式，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，從語義上來看是作條件狀語，因此應該用過去分詞表示被動，意為“如果從整體來看”。

17.

Itwasdawnwhenthebussighedandknelt,andtheydescendedintothecitywherehadbeenthewoman'shome.A.whatwasB.thathadbeenC.inwhichitwasD.inthathadbeen正確答案：B[解析]定語從句。盡管先行詞是表示地點的city，但由于從句中沒有主語，所以要選用關系代詞that來引導，并作從句的主語。

18.

Thegirlsawalookonthewoman'sfacethatinthefutureshewouldthinkofunlesssomeonecrumpledasheetofpaperintoaball.A.whyB.whileC.untilD.everytime正確答案：D[解析]時間狀語從句。定語從句中(that從句)有一個時間狀語從句，從語義上來看，是每一次看見有人將紙揉成球狀她就會想起那張臉，故選D。

19.

Thewomantookashowerthatwassofamiliarinallitsdetails—theheat,thepinescentofthesoap,theprecisediscolorationofthegroutaroundcertaintiles—whichitseemedtowashawayallthathadhappenedtoher.A.whenB.thatC.muchD.if正確答案：B[解析]結果狀語從句。shower后面的定語從句中出現(xiàn)了sofamiliar...，并且在兩個破折號之間又插入了補充details的內容，形成了干擾，但最后部分的意思明顯是表示結果，因此應該是so...that...從句。

20.

Eachpicturewassignedwiththenamethattheteacherscalledoutatcircletimethatwaswrittenwithwoodenlettersonthewallofthebedroom.A.waswritingonwoodenlettersB.waswrittenbywoodenlettersC.waswritingforletterswoodenD.waswritteninwoodenletters正確答案：D[解析]介詞辨析。介詞in表示用某種語言(文字)書寫，故選D。

Section2ReadingComprehensionInthissectionyouwillfindaftereachofthepassagesanumberofquestionsorunfinishedstatementsaboutthepassage,eachwith4(A,B,CandD)choicestoanswerthequestionorcompletethestatement.Youmustchoosetheonewhichyouthinkfitsbest.Blackenthecorrespondingletterasrequiredonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.

Asthefederalgovernmentshutdownapproachesthetwo-weekmark,it'sbecomepainfullyapparentthatthepubliccannolongerrunamokvirtuallyunsupervisedinthenationalparks.What'stheevidenceofthat?Thelitter,vandalismandtrampledground.Thehumanfecesoverflowingthepublictoiletsandtheurinealongtheroads.

Unlikethelastlengthyshutdownin2013,theTrumpadministrationthistimehasoptedtokeepthenationalparksopenbutlargelyunstaffed.Privateconcessionoperatorsandnonprofitgroupshavehelpedwithmaintenancewheretheycan.Somestateshavedippedintotheirowncofferstokeepparksstaffedandoperating—atleastforawhile.Manyotherstates,includingCalifornia,havenot.

Withtensofthousandsofparkemployeesfurloughed,thatmeansmanyparkshavenoworkerscollectingentryfeesatthegates,patrollingthecampgroundsoremptyingthegarbagecansandportabletoilets.Butthevisitorskeepcoming.Thelackofmaintenanceandoversightistakingatoll.Therearereportsofillegalcampingandoff-roaddrivinginsensitivehabitatareas.UnsupervisedtouristswereharassingelephantsealsatthePointReyesNationalSeashore,promptingofficialstocloseoffpartofthebeach.

Visitorshavepostedpicturesonsocialmediaofoverflowinggarbagebins.EmptychampagnebottleswereleftstrewnonthegroundatJoshuaTree.Yosemiteofficialshadtorestrictentrytocertainareasoftheparkaftertheaccumulationofhumanurineandfecesbecameahealthhazard.TheNationalParkServicehastheauthoritytoturnawayvisitorsforsafety,healthorenvironmentalprotectionreasons.That'swhattheSequoiaandKingsCanyonNationalParksdidWednesday,whentheyclosedlargesectionsbecauseofconcernsthatvisitorscouldbeendangeredonicyroadsandhikingtrails.

Andthethreatisn'tjusttothenaturalwondersandtopublicsafety.Thenationalparksarefullofculturalandhistoricresourcesthatcouldbedamagedorstolenwithsolittleoversightandprotection.Duringthe2013shutdown,theObamaadministrationorderedthenationalparksystemcompletelyclosed.Thatwasacontroversialdecisionatthetime.Visitorswhohadtraveledgreatdistancestovisittheparkswereturnedaway.Localbusinessesthatrelyonparktourismsuffered.OtherssawtheclosuresasapoliticaltacticbyPresidentObamatodrumupnegativepublicityfortheRepublican-ledshutdown.Butgiventhedamagecurrentlybeinginflictedonthenation'smostmajesticopenspaces,temporarilyclosingsomeparksmightbethebestwaytoprotectthem.

Indeed,asoneformerNationalParkServicedirectorsaid,keepingtheparksopenbutunstaffedislikeleavingtheSmithsonianopenwithoutemployeesmindingthepricelessartifacts.Itinvitesabuseandpracticallyguaranteesdamagetosomeofthenation'smosttreasuredpubliclands.

Yes,it'salosstothetouristswhoplannedtheirvacationsaroundavisittoYosemiteValley,orwhohadhopedtohikethroughtheforestsofSequoiaNationalPark.Yes,therewillbeaneconomiccostforlocalcommunities.Butthatisthecostofagovernmentshutdown.ThepoliticalstalemateinWashington—thefailureofPresidentTrumpandcongressionalleaderstoreachabudgetdealastheyhaggleoverhisinsistenceonacostlyborderwall—hasreal-worldconsequences.

Thenation'smostmagnificentpublicassetsshouldn'tbesacrificedtothispoliticalbattle.It'sworthnotingthatthenationalparksystemalreadystruggleswithan$11-billionbacklogofdeferredmaintenanceandwithmassivecrowdsthatstressexistingcapacity.Therearepotholedroads,crumblingtrails,agingsewersystemsinneedofrepairtopreventcontaminationofnearbystreams.Throwingopenthegatestoallcomerswithlittlecontrolor

oversightonlyexacerbatesthoseproblems.

Americanslovetheirnationalparks,butdon'talwaystreatthemwiththecaretheydeserve.Theparksshouldshutdownuntilthefederalgovernmentreopens.

(選自《洛杉磯時報》

2019年1月3日))1.

Thepubliccannolongerrunamokinthenationalparksforthereasonthat______.A.thefederalgovernmenthasbeenshutdownB.theparksareunsupervisedC.theenvironmenttherehasbeendestroyedD.visitorstotheseparksarenotbehavingproperly正確答案：D[解析]細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞定位第1段第1句，最后兩句提到公園里垃圾遍地、糞水橫流，顯然是游客不文明行為導致的，故正確答案為D。

2.

Theword"coffers"underlinedinParagraph2issynonymouswith______.A.resourcesB.fundsC.savesD.banks正確答案：B[解析]語義題。coffers意為“資金”，故正確答案為B。

3.

InParagraph3,theauthormentionsillegalcamping,off-roaddrivingandharassingelephanntsealsinordertoindicatethat______.A.thenationalparksareinamessB.visitorsaredoingharmtothenationalparksC.thegovernmentshutdownhasnegativeeffectsonthenationalparksD.thenationalparksaretakingatollonmaintenance正確答案：C[解析]推斷題。舉例的目的是為了說明觀點，即前一句Thelackofmaintenanceandoversightistakingatoll(缺乏監(jiān)管和維護正造成損失)，而監(jiān)管和維護的缺失是政府停擺(governmentshutdown)造成的，故正確答案為C。

4.

AllthefollowingmeasureshavebeentakentohandletheproblemscausedbytheshutdownEXCEPTthat______.A.partofthePointReyesNationalSeashorewasclosedoffB.certainareasofYosemitewererestrictedforentryC.theNationalParkServiceturnedawayvisitorsD.theSequoiaandKingsCanyonNationalParksclosedlargesections正確答案：C[解析]推斷題。根據(jù)選項定位第4段，仔細甄別后可知，C與原文(國家公園管理局有權拒絕游客進入景區(qū))不符，因為有權并不等于真的這么做，故正確答案為C。

5.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofPresidentObama?______A.Heorderedthegovernmenttocloseallthenationalparksin2013.B.Hisdecisiontoclosethenationalparkswasmuchdisputed.C.HeclosedthenationalparkstoshowthenegativeeffectsoftheRepublican-ledshutdown.D.Hebelievedclosingsomeparksmightbethebestwaytoprotectthem.正確答案：D[解析]推斷題。根據(jù)選項定位第5段，仔細甄別后可知，D與原文(目前關閉一部分公園也許是最佳的保護方法)不符，因為奧巴馬執(zhí)政時公園是全部關閉的，故正確答案為D。

6.

InParagraph6,"theSmithsonian"ismostlikelya______.A.shopB.museumC.hotelD.library正確答案：B[解析]推斷題。本句將theSmithsonian與免費開放但無人值守的公園進行了類比，可知兩者應該都是公益場所，更何況其中有“價值連城的工藝品”，可以推斷是博物館，故正確答案為B。

7.

Theword"stalemate"underlinedinParagraph7istheclosestinmeaningto______.A.impasseB.situationC.argumentD.stagnation正確答案：A[解析]語義題。stalemate意為“僵局”，故正確答案為A(僵局)。

8.

AccordingtoParagraph8,thenationalparks______.A.havelimitedfundsformaintenanceB.havelimitedcapacityforincomingvisitorsC.havesewersystemstoberepairedD.havebrokenroadsandtrails正確答案：A[解析]推斷題。根據(jù)選項定位第8段，仔細甄別后可知，A與原文(110億美元維修資金未到位)一致，故為正確答案。

9.

Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.A.TheProblemsoftheNationalParksB.GovernmentShutdownCrisisC.TheFutureoftheNationalParksD.TheNationalParks:OpenorShutDown?正確答案：D[解析]主旨題。本文講述了美國國家公園因政府停擺出現(xiàn)的許多問題，討論了特朗普總統(tǒng)繼續(xù)開放公園的舉措是否正確，提出了可行的解決方案。根據(jù)相關性和全面性的原則，正確答案為D。

10.

Theauthor'sattitudetowardthegovernment'sdecisionis______.A.neutralB.criticalC.indifferentD.supportive正確答案：B[解析]態(tài)度題。作者在文章最后一段提出，國家公園應關閉至政府恢復運作，可見作者對特朗普政府的舉措持否定意見，故正確答案為B(批評的)。

EveryyearBerryBros&Rudd,Britain'soldestwinemerchant,issuesapocket-sizedpricelist.Readingoldcopiesmakesamateursofqualityquaffwanttotime-travel.In1909acaseof12bottlesofDomainedelaRomanée-Conti1891,Burgundy'smostfamousGrandCru,cost180shillings(about￡1,000,or$1,300,intoday'smoney).InitshistoricLondonstore,whichopenedin1698,asingle18-year-oldbottleofsimilarqualitynowsellsfor￡25,000.

Finewineisexpensivetostore,anditsrarityandhightransactioncostsmakeit—oddlyenough—anilliquidasset.Evenso,itsappreciationwithageandperceivedabilitytodiversifyportfolioshavemadeitpopularwithinvestorsoverthepasttwodecades.Thevalueofwineexchangedyearlybetweenconsumers,connoisseursandcollectors—thesecondarymarket—hasquadrupledto$4bnsince2000,saysJustinGibbsofLiv-ex,awine-tradingplatform.Hereckonsthatjust15%ofthosebuyingwineonhiswebsitearedoingsotodrinkit.Therestseeitasastoreofvalue.

Finewinesaretradedprivately,atauctionsorthroughexchangeslikeLiv-ex,wheremembersbidforlistedcrus.Theequivalentofaninitialpublicofferingcomeswhenestatesreleasetheirlatestvintages.Thewineworldalsohasassetmanagers,whichbuyandsellhundredsof