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專題09函數(shù)的對(duì)稱性真題再現(xiàn)一、單選題1.(2022·全國(guó)·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域均為R,且SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,代入得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,聯(lián)立得,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0中心對(duì)稱,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镽,所以SKIPIF1<0因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:D二、多選題2.(2022·全國(guó)·統(tǒng)考高考真題)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0及其導(dǎo)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域均為SKIPIF1<0,記SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0均為偶函數(shù),則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】[方法一]:對(duì)稱性和周期性的關(guān)系研究對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0①,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,則SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,由①求導(dǎo),和SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,因?yàn)槠涠x域?yàn)镽,所以SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,從而周期SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故B正確,D錯(cuò)誤;若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足題設(shè)條件,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(C為常數(shù))也滿足題設(shè)條件,所以無(wú)法確定SKIPIF1<0的函數(shù)值,故A錯(cuò)誤.故選:BC.[方法二]:【最優(yōu)解】特殊值,構(gòu)造函數(shù)法.由方法一知SKIPIF1<0周期為2,關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,故可設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,顯然A,D錯(cuò)誤,選BC.故選:BC.[方法三]:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0均為偶函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖象分別關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,又SKIPIF1<0,且函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0可導(dǎo),所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故B正確,D錯(cuò)誤;若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足題設(shè)條件,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(C為常數(shù))也滿足題設(shè)條件,所以無(wú)法確定SKIPIF1<0的函數(shù)值,故A錯(cuò)誤.故選:BC.三、解答題3.(2023·全國(guó)·高三專題練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),求曲線SKIPIF1<0在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0處的切線方程;(2)是否存在a,b,使得曲線SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,若存在,求a,b的值,若不存在,說(shuō)明理由.【解析】(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,據(jù)此可得SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0處的切線方程為SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.(2)由函數(shù)的解析式可得SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)的定義域滿足SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,定義域關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,由題意可得SKIPIF1<0,由對(duì)稱性可知SKIPIF1<0,取SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)SKIPIF1<0滿足題意,故SKIPIF1<0.即存在SKIPIF1<0滿足題意.考點(diǎn)一判斷(證明)函數(shù)的對(duì)稱性一、單選題1.下列函數(shù)的圖象中,既是軸對(duì)稱圖形又是中心對(duì)稱的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】對(duì)于A,SKIPIF1<0圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0、坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0分別成軸對(duì)稱和中心對(duì)稱,A正確;對(duì)于B,SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),其圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對(duì)稱,但無(wú)對(duì)稱中心,B錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于C,SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0成中心對(duì)稱,但無(wú)對(duì)稱軸,C錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于D,SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),其圖象關(guān)于坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0成中心對(duì)稱,但無(wú)對(duì)稱軸,D錯(cuò)誤.故選:A.2.已知角SKIPIF1<0的頂點(diǎn)在原點(diǎn),始邊與SKIPIF1<0軸的非負(fù)半軸重合,終邊過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0圖象的對(duì)稱軸為SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0圖象的對(duì)稱軸為SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0圖象的對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0圖象的對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0【解析】依題意,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0的圖象為中心對(duì)稱圖形,其對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0,故選:C.3.設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镽,且SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0圖像(

)A.關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0中心對(duì)稱 B.關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0中心對(duì)稱C.關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱 D.關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0中心對(duì)稱.故選:A.4.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的圖象(

)A.關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱 B.關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱 C.關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱 D.關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱【解析】對(duì)于A,由SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖象不關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,故A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于B,由SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱.故B正確;對(duì)于C,由SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0不是偶函數(shù),故SKIPIF1<0的圖象不關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,故C錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于D,由SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0不是奇函數(shù),故SKIPIF1<0的圖象不關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,故D錯(cuò)誤;故選:B.5.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是定義在SKIPIF1<0上的函數(shù),那么函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象之間(

)A.關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱 B.關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱C.關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱 D.關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0圖象上的任意一點(diǎn),則SKIPIF1<0,作等量變換SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0的圖象上,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象之間關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,故選:A二、多選題6.下列函數(shù)中,哪些函數(shù)的圖像關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對(duì)稱(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】選項(xiàng)A:由SKIPIF1<0知定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以該函數(shù)為偶函數(shù),則圖像關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對(duì)稱,所以A正確;選項(xiàng)B:由SKIPIF1<0知定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以該函數(shù)為奇函數(shù),則圖像關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,所以B不正確;選項(xiàng)C:由SKIPIF1<0知定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以該函數(shù)為偶函數(shù),則圖像關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對(duì)稱,所以C正確;選項(xiàng)D:由SKIPIF1<0知定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以該函數(shù)為奇函數(shù),則圖像關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,所以D不正確;故選:AC.7.已知SKIPIF1<0是定義在R上的函數(shù),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖像關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,則下列說(shuō)法正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.對(duì)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0恒成立C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0中心對(duì)稱 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】∵函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱,∴函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,∵函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,∴函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0中心對(duì)稱,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,C選項(xiàng)正確;SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,B選項(xiàng)正確;SKIPIF1<0,D選項(xiàng)正確;沒(méi)有條件能確定SKIPIF1<0,A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤.故選:BCD.8.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則下列說(shuō)法正確的是(

)A.若SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱【解析】若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,故A正確;若點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0的圖象上,且點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0與點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,故B正確;設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,故C正確;令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0不恒為0;故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象不關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,故D錯(cuò)誤.故選:ABC.9.已知SKIPIF1<0是定義在R上的函數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱 B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線x=1對(duì)稱 D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是以2為周期的周期函數(shù)【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0是定義在R上的函數(shù),由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,故A正確;因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,故B正確,C錯(cuò)誤;因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故D正確.故選:ABD.10.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0成中心對(duì)稱圖形的充要條件是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0成軸對(duì)稱圖形的充要條件是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),則(

)A.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱中心是SKIPIF1<0B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱中心是SKIPIF1<0C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有對(duì)稱軸D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0有對(duì)稱軸【解析】對(duì)于A,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),所以點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱中心,所以A正確,對(duì)于B,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0不是奇函數(shù),所以點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0不是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱中心,所以B錯(cuò)誤,對(duì)于C,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0有對(duì)稱軸,所以C正確,對(duì)于D,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,所以D正確,故選:ACD三、填空題11.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的最大值與最小值分別為SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象的對(duì)稱中心是______.【解析】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0上奇函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為最小值的和為0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù),圖象的對(duì)稱中心是SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位得到SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0,再橫坐標(biāo)縮小為原來(lái)的一半得到SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0,再向下平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位得到SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱中心是SKIPIF1<0.考點(diǎn)二利用對(duì)稱性求函數(shù)解析式或函數(shù)值一、單選題1.已知定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0成中心對(duì)稱,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)槎x域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0成中心對(duì)稱,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.故SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.2.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,其中a為常數(shù),若存在SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.0 B.1 C.2 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.3.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,其中SKIPIF1<0(

)A.3 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】設(shè)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像上,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,則SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0.故選:D4.下列函數(shù)中,其圖象與函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】設(shè)所求函數(shù)的圖象上任意一點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,由題意知點(diǎn)Q在SKIPIF1<0的圖象上,可得SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱的函數(shù)解析式為SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.5.下列函數(shù)與SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的函數(shù)是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】令SKIPIF1<0,與SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:C二、多選題6.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),則下列一定成立的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,B正確;又因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,所以SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0可得令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,D正確;可構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足題意,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,AC錯(cuò)誤;故選:BD7.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱B.SKIPIF1<0有三個(gè)零點(diǎn)C.點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是曲線SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱中心D.曲線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱【解析】對(duì)于AC選項(xiàng),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖像的對(duì)稱中心坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,AC均錯(cuò);對(duì)于B選項(xiàng),SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,B對(duì);對(duì)于D選項(xiàng),曲線SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱的曲線對(duì)應(yīng)的函數(shù)解析式為SKIPIF1<0,D對(duì).故選:BD.三、填空題8.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0中心對(duì)稱,則SKIPIF1<0______.【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0所以該函數(shù)的對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0,由已知可知該函數(shù)的圖像關(guān)于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0中心對(duì)稱,所以有SKIPIF1<0,9.奇函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0_________.【解析】因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)是奇函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.10.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0______.【解析】因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0.11.已知定義在SKIPIF1<0上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,則SKIPIF1<0___.【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,所以SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.12.給出定義:設(shè)SKIPIF1<0是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的導(dǎo)函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的導(dǎo)函數(shù),若方程SKIPIF1<0有實(shí)數(shù)解SKIPIF1<0,則稱SKIPIF1<0為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的“拐點(diǎn)”,經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的三次函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0都有“拐點(diǎn)”,且該“拐點(diǎn)”也是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像的對(duì)稱中心,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0______.【解析】由題意因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由題意得對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<013.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,則SKIPIF1<0___________.【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,14.已知SKIPIF1<0是定義在R上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱軸,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的解析式是_______.【解析】由SKIPIF1<0是定義在R上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱軸,則SKIPIF1<0,又當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),即SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的解析式是SKIPIF1<0.四、解答題15.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是定義在SKIPIF1<0上的偶函數(shù),且對(duì)任意實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,都有SKIPIF1<0成立.已知當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0.(1)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的表達(dá)式;(2)若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最大值為1,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),求不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集.【解析】(1)由SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,故所求的表達(dá)式為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(2)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0上的偶函數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,即函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是以2為周期的函數(shù).因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最大值為1,知SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0上的偶函數(shù),可得SKIPIF1<0,所以此時(shí)滿足不等式的解集為SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0是以2為周期的周期函數(shù),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0.綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0.16.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0同時(shí)滿足條件SKIPIF1<0和對(duì)任意SKIPIF1<0,都有SKIPIF1<0成立.(1)求SKIPIF1<0的解析式;(2)設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,且在定義域內(nèi)SKIPIF1<0.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象與SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,求SKIPIF1<0.【解析】(1)由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0對(duì)任意SKIPIF1<0恒成立,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,可得:SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.(2)由題意知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象上任意一點(diǎn),它關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,依題意知點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0應(yīng)該在函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象上,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.考點(diǎn)三利用對(duì)稱性研究單調(diào)性一、單選題1.已知定義在SKIPIF1<0上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,且SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),則不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】∵函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),∴SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,又∵函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,∴函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,∴由SKIPIF1<0得,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.2.已知定義在SKIPIF1<0上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0,則不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),可知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,又函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,由SKIPIF1<0,知SKIPIF1<0,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的大致圖象,如下:由圖可知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;所以不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.3.已知定義在R上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0,則不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,又函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,由SKIPIF1<0,知SKIPIF1<0,作出函數(shù)的圖象,如下:由圖可知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;所以不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集為:SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,故選:C4.已知定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,且SKIPIF1<0,則使得不等式SKIPIF1<0成立的實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,又SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0,故選:SKIPIF1<0.5.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,滿足對(duì)任意SKIPIF1<0,都有SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】由SKIPIF1<0,得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖像的對(duì)稱軸是直線SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.所以,實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.6.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【解析】令SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0均為SKIPIF1<0上的增函數(shù),故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0也為SKIPIF1<0上的增函數(shù),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上為增函數(shù),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,則函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上為減函數(shù),所以,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,因此,SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.二、多選題7.已知定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0,且圖像關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.周期SKIPIF1<0C.在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減 D.滿足SKIPIF1<0【解析】由SKIPIF1<0知SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱軸為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0故A正確;由SKIPIF1<0知:SKIPIF1<0,又圖像關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,即SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的周期為4,故B錯(cuò)誤;因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,又圖像關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,因?yàn)殛P(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,故C正確;根據(jù)周期性,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)殛P(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)橹芷赟KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;結(jié)合SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,且SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,故SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故D正確.故選:ACD.8.對(duì)于定義在SKIPIF1<0上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),且在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減【解析】令SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0圖像關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱.令SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱.A選項(xiàng),令SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,又令SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0.故A正確;B選項(xiàng),令SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,故B正確;C選項(xiàng),令SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,又因SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,由圖像關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,即SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,故SKIPIF1<0.故C錯(cuò)誤.D選項(xiàng),由SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,結(jié)合SKIPIF1<0圖像關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增.故D錯(cuò)誤.故選:AB9.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù) D.任意SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,都有SKIPIF1<0【解析】對(duì)于A,因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,所以SKIPIF1<0,A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于B,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,B錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于C,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移一個(gè)單位即SKIPIF1<0的圖象,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0

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