翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題五

翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題五SectionⅠEnglish-ChineseTranslationPartACompulsoryTranslation1.

MangoesinAfric（江南博哥）a,aselsewhere,oftenfallpreytofruitflies,whichdestroyabout40%ofthecontinent'scrop.Infact,fruitfliesaresocommoninAfricanmangoesthatAmericahasbannedtheirimportaltogethertoprotectitsownorchards.Africanfarmers,meanwhile,havefewpracticalmeanstodefendtheirfruit.Chemicalpesticidesareexpensive.Andevenforthosewhocanaffordthemtheyarenotthateffectivesince,bythetimeafarmerspotsaninfestation,itistoolatetospray.

Agriculturalscientistshavealsolookedatcontrollingfruitflieswithparasiticwasps.Butthemostcommononeskilloffonlyaboutoneflyin20,leavingplentyofsurvivorstogoontherampage.Lethaltrapsbaitedwithfly-attractingpheromonesareanotheroption.Butthey,too,areexpensive.Instead,mostfarmerssimplyharvesttheirfruitearly,whenitisnotyetfullyripe.Thismakesitlessvulnerabletotheflies,butalsolessvaluable.

Farmerswhosetreesareteemingwithworkerants,however,donotneedtobotherwithanyofthis.InasurveyofseveralorchardsinBenin,DrvanMeleandhiscolleaguesfoundanaverageoflessthanonefruit-flypupaineachbatchof30mangoesfromtreeswhereworkerantswereabundant,butanaverageof77pupaeinbatchesfromtreeswithoutworkerants.Theworkerants,itturnsout,areverythoroughabouthuntingdownandeatingfruitflies,aswellasahostofotherpests.

WorkerantshavebeenusedforpestcontrolinChinaandotherAsiancountriesforcenturies.ThepracticehasalsobeenadoptedinAustralia.ButDrvanMelearguesthatitisparticularlysuitedtoAfricasinceworkerantsareendemictothemango-growingregionsofthecontinent,andlittletrainingorcapitalisneededtoputthemtowork.Allyouneeddoislocateasuitablenestandrunstringfromittothetreesyouwishtoprotect.Theantswillthenquicklyfindtheirwaytothetarget.TeachingagroupoffarmersinBurkinaFasotouseworkerantsinthiswaytookjustaday,accordingtoDrvanMele.Thosefarmersnolongerusepesticidestocontrolfruitflies,andsoareabletomarkettheirmangoesasorganictoeagerEuropeanconsumers,vastlyincreasingtheirincome.Theants,sotospeak,areonthemarch.正確答案：如同其他地區(qū)一樣，非洲芒果產(chǎn)區(qū)也飽受果蠅困擾，果蠅泛濫使芒果減產(chǎn)達(dá)40%左右。事實(shí)上，非洲芒果中果蠅屢見不鮮，美國(guó)已下令對(duì)非洲芒果實(shí)施進(jìn)口禁令，保護(hù)本國(guó)果園免受果蠅之害。但與此同時(shí)，非洲果農(nóng)面對(duì)果蠅侵襲幾乎無(wú)計(jì)可施?；瘜W(xué)殺蟲劑十分昂貴，即便買得起，殺蟲劑滅蠅效果也不理想，因?yàn)楫?dāng)果農(nóng)發(fā)現(xiàn)有果蠅后再噴灑往往為時(shí)已晚。

農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家也曾經(jīng)嘗試?yán)眉纳鋪?lái)防治果蠅蟲害。但是，最常見的寄生蜂僅能殺死1/20的果蠅，躲過一劫的果蠅則繼續(xù)為非作歹。還有一種方法是利用果蠅誘捕器，通過性誘劑引誘果蠅達(dá)到滅蠅目的。但是，這種誘捕器也是成本不菲。所以，大部分果農(nóng)干脆趁芒果未全熟時(shí)提早采摘，這樣果蠅危害性是小了，但是芒果也賣不出好價(jià)錢。

但是，如果芒果樹上有大量工蟻安家的話，果農(nóng)就徹底省心了。由范·梅爾博士和同事在貝寧的幾家果園開展的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，每30個(gè)芒果中，工蟻較多的芒果樹所產(chǎn)芒果果蠅蛹還不到1個(gè)，而沒有工蟻的芒果樹所產(chǎn)芒果果蠅蛹達(dá)到77個(gè)。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，工蟻覓食果蠅及其他害蟲，滅蠅效果很好。

利用工蟻防治病蟲害的做法在中國(guó)及其他亞洲國(guó)家已有數(shù)百年歷史，澳大利亞也已予以采用。但是，范·梅爾博士稱，非洲芒果產(chǎn)區(qū)工蟻特別常見，所以這種滅蠅方法對(duì)非洲特別適用，而且操作起來(lái)不需要多少培訓(xùn)或資金。果農(nóng)只需要找到一個(gè)合適的蟻巢，用一根繩子將其引向果樹，這樣工蟻很快就可以找到果蠅。范·梅爾博士說(shuō)，在布基納法索培訓(xùn)果農(nóng)只需一天時(shí)間，這些果農(nóng)今后不再需要?dú)⑾x劑滅蠅，同時(shí)，還可以向熱衷有機(jī)食品的歐洲消費(fèi)者推銷他們的有機(jī)芒果，從而大大提高收入。打個(gè)比方說(shuō)，工蟻現(xiàn)在正向果蠅“全面開戰(zhàn)”。

PartBChoiceofTwoTranslations缺SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslation缺SectionⅠEnglish-ChineseTranslation1.

Offshoresupplyvesselsresemblinglarge,floatingflat-backedtrucksfillVictoriaDock,unabletofindchartersinasignofthedownturninBritain'soilindustry.

WithUKNorthSeaoilandgasproduction44percentbelowitspeak,self-styledoilcapitalofEuropeAberdeenfearstheslowdownisnotsimplycyclical.

TheoilindustrythatatonestagesparkedtalkofScotlandas"theKuwaitoftheWest"hasalreadyoutlivedmostpredictions.

Tourism,lifesciences,andtheexportofoilservicesaroundtheworldareamongAberdeen'stargetedsubstitutesforNorthseaoilandgas—butformanythebiggestprizewouldbetouseitsoffshoreoilexpertisetobuildarenewableenergyindustryasbigasoil.

Thecityaimstouseitsexperiencetobecomealeaderinoffshorewind,tidalpowerandcarbondioxidecaptureandstorage.

AlexSalmond,headofthedevolvedScottishgovernment,toldaconferenceinAberdeenlastmonththemarketforwindpowercouldbeworth130billionpounds,whileScotlandcouldbethe"SaudiArabiaoftidalpower."

"We'reseeingtheemergenceofanoffshoreenergymarketthatiscomparableinscaletothemarketwe'veseeninoffshoreoilandgasinthelast40years,"hesaid.

Anotherareaoffocus,tourism,haspreviouslybeenhinderedbythepresenceofoil.EagertoputAberdeenontheinternationaltouristmap,localbusinesshasstronglybackedaplanbyU.S.realestatetycoonDonaldTrumpforaluxuryhousingandgolfproject12km(8miles)northofthecity,eventhoughitmeansbuildingonanaturereserve.

ThecityalsohopestoreorientateitsvibrantoilservicesindustrytowardemergingoffshoreoilcenterssuchasBrazil."JustbecausetheproductionintheNorthSeastartstodeclinedoesn'tmeanthatAberdeenasaglobalcenteralsodeclines,"saidRobertCollier,ChamberofCommerceChiefExecutive."Thatexpertisecanstillstayhereandbeexportedaroundtheworld."正確答案：維多利亞港到處停泊著近海補(bǔ)給船，這些酷似巨型卡車的平底龐然大物漂浮在水上等待出租，卻無(wú)人問津，從側(cè)面反映了英國(guó)石油產(chǎn)業(yè)已然陷入衰退。

阿伯丁市自稱“歐洲石油之都”?，F(xiàn)如今北海油氣產(chǎn)量相比峰值下降了44%，不由令人擔(dān)心此番下滑絕非周期性衰退那么簡(jiǎn)單。

阿伯丁的石油工業(yè)發(fā)展曾經(jīng)如日中天，人們也每每將蘇格蘭比作是“西方科威特”。不過，有人曾經(jīng)指出該地區(qū)石油工業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì)不會(huì)持續(xù)太久，阿伯丁的石油工業(yè)能撐到今天已經(jīng)超出了多數(shù)人的預(yù)料。

隨著北海油氣產(chǎn)量的持續(xù)下滑，阿伯丁也不得不尋找替代產(chǎn)業(yè)，旅游業(yè)、生命科技、與石油工業(yè)相關(guān)的服務(wù)外包等都在考慮之列。但是，許多人認(rèn)為最理想的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型是，充分利用當(dāng)?shù)亟Ｊ烷_采的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)，逐步建立起規(guī)模堪比石油工業(yè)的可再生能源產(chǎn)業(yè)。

阿伯丁市政府希望充分利用上述經(jīng)驗(yàn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)，逐步樹立在近海風(fēng)能和潮汐能發(fā)電、碳捕獲與碳封存領(lǐng)域的世界領(lǐng)先地位。

蘇格蘭首席部長(zhǎng)亞歷克斯·薩蒙德上月在阿伯丁舉行的一次會(huì)議上演講時(shí)稱，風(fēng)能市場(chǎng)規(guī)?？蛇_(dá)1300億英鎊，而蘇格蘭潮汐能發(fā)電潛力巨大，堪稱“潮汐能領(lǐng)域的沙特阿拉伯”。

他說(shuō)：“過去四十年來(lái)，我們的近海油氣市場(chǎng)規(guī)模著實(shí)令人驚嘆，現(xiàn)如今，一個(gè)規(guī)模相當(dāng)?shù)慕Ｄ茉词袌?chǎng)正逐步形成?！?/p>

過去，旅游業(yè)受到當(dāng)?shù)厥凸I(yè)的影響，毫無(wú)起色，現(xiàn)在逐漸受到當(dāng)局的重視。美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)大亨唐納德·特朗普計(jì)劃在阿伯丁市以北12公里處開發(fā)一個(gè)帶有高爾夫球場(chǎng)的高檔住宅項(xiàng)目，不過該項(xiàng)目會(huì)占用當(dāng)?shù)氐囊黄匀槐Ｗo(hù)區(qū)。盡管如此，一心想把阿伯丁打造成為世界級(jí)旅游勝地的當(dāng)?shù)毓ど探缛匀欢αχС衷撻_發(fā)項(xiàng)目。

阿伯丁市政府同時(shí)希望對(duì)蓬勃發(fā)展的油田服務(wù)業(yè)進(jìn)行重新定位，把外包目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)向巴西等新興近海石油開采中心。當(dāng)?shù)厣虝?huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)羅伯特·科利爾說(shuō)：“北海油氣產(chǎn)量下滑并不等于說(shuō)阿伯丁全球石油中心的地位也在下降。我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)仍在，可以大力發(fā)展近海油田服務(wù)外包。”

2.

Wemarkthepassingof800years,andthatisindeedaremarkablespanforanyinstitution.Buthistoryisneveraneven-flowingstream,andthemostremarkablethingaboutmodernCambridgehasbeenitsenormousgrowthoverthepasthalfcentury.SinceIcameupasanundergraduatein1961thestudentpopulationhasmorethandoubled.Morestudentshavemeantmoreteachers,and,evenmoresignificantly,morescholarsdevotedsolelytoresearch:everycategoryhasmorethandoubledinnumbers.Thishugeincreasehasbeenpartlyabsorbedbyanexpansionofthecolleges:theyallhavemorestudentsandmoreFellowsthantheydid50yearsago;and,since1954,nofewerthan11ofthe31collegesareeitherbrandnewfoundations,orhavebeenconjuredupasnewcreationsfromexistingbutquitedifferentbodies.

Frombeingauniversityprimarilydrivenbyundergraduateeducation,Cambridge'sreputationisnowoverwhelminglytiedtoitsresearchachievements,whichcanbesimplyrepresentedbythefactthatmorethanthree-quartersofitscurrentannualincomeisdevotedtoresearch.Thishasbroughtnotjustnewlaboratoriesbutnewbuildingstohousewholefacultiesanddepartments:inthemid-20thcenturyfewfacultieshadaphysicalmanifestationbeyond,perhaps,alibraryandacoupleofadministrativeoffices.

CambridgeattractsthebeststudentsandacademicsbecausetheyfindtheUniversityandthecollegesstimulatingandenjoyableplacesinwhichtoliveandwork.Thestudentsarethrowninwithsimilarlyableminds,learningasmuchfromeachotherasfromtheirteachers;thegoodsenioracademicsknowbetterthantobetoohierarchicalortocutthemselvesofffromintellectualcriticismanddebate.

Onegenerationdismissesanother:notevenErasmusorNewton,DarwinorKeynesstandunscathedbythepassageoftime;norcanwebebuthumbled,especiallyinourdaywhensomuchinformationissoeasilyaccessible,bythevaststoreofknowledgewhichwecanapproachbutneverreallycontrol.Ourlibraryandmuseumcollectionsbringusintocontactwithmanyliveslivedinthepast.Theyserveassymbolsofthecontinuityoflearning,orthediversityofviews,ofanobligationtowrestlewithfactandargument,to