新教材適用2025版高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第2部分閱讀能力突破篇專題1閱讀理解專題模擬訓(xùn)練新聞報道類

新聞報道類A(2024·安徽省淮南市高三一模)Theworld'stopclimatescientistsoftheIPCChavejustreleasedalandmarkreport,warningaboutthefutureoftheplanet．Theheadline—burningfossilfuelsisalreadyheatinguptheplanetfasterthananythingtheworldhasseenin2,000years．TheIPCCisaU．N．bodyof195memberstatesthatassessesthesciencerelatedtotheclimatecrisisonbehalfofgovernmentseveryfewyears．Thisisthegroupthatdefinesthescientificconsensus．Hundredsofscientistsworkonaseriesofreports,whichtakeyearstoproduce．Governmentshavetosignoffonthem．AndthisoneisjustthelatestbigreassessmentoftheclimatethattheIPCChasdone,butit'sthefirstonethatisdoneineightyears．Italsohastheclearest,mostconfidentconclusionsthathaveeverbeenseeninanIPCCreport．Accordingtothereport,thegreenhousegasesthatwehavealreadyputintotheairhavewarmeduptheplanetsofarbyalmost2°Fcomparedtothepre-industrialtimes．Thiswarmingtrendappearstobeacceleratingasthegreenhousegasesaccumulateintheatmosphere．Andifwekeepburningfossilfuels,by2100—sowithinthelifetimeofachildthat'sborntoday—theplanetcouldbe5to7°Fhotter．Andonenewthinginthisreportisthatittriestoputnumbersonwhatthatmeans．So,forinstance,theysayheatwavessoextremeusedtoonlyhappenonceevery50years．Nowthey'rehappeningalmostfivetimesmoreoften．Extremedroughtscoulddoubleorfourtimesinfrequency．Insomecases,extremestormscouldbecomethreetimesmorefrequentanddrop30%morerainfallinaday．ThescientistssaypreventingtheworsteffectswilldemandaU-turnawayfromuseoffossilfuels．Anditdependsonuscollectively．Ifeverycountry,everybusinessshiftsawayfromburninggas,coalandoiloverthenext30yearsorso,wecouldprobablylimitthiswarmingtrendtoatotaloflessthan3．5°F．1．What'stheauthor'sprobablepurposeofintroducingtheIPCCinParagraph2？A．Tomakeitsworkbetterknown．B．Torespectthescientists'commitment．C．Tomakethereportmoreconvincing．D．Toappreciateitsgreatachievements．2．Whatdoyouthinkofthecurrentwarmingaccordingtothereport？A．Itresultsfromextremeweather．B．Itisrunningoutoffossilfuels．C．Itisbadlyspeedingup．D．Thereisnowaytoslowitdown．3．Howdothescientistssupporttheirconclusioninthereport？A．Bydefiningscientificconsensus．B．Byusingstatisticsandinference．C．Byquotingauthorityfigures．D．Bymodelingclimatechange．4．Whatdothescientistsexpectpeopletodo？A．Makejointeffortstostoptheuseoffossilfuels．B．Takepositiveattitudestoourplanet'sfuture．C．Followtheglobalwarmingtrendcollectively．D．Developnewapproachestousingfossilfuels．【語篇解讀】本文為一篇新聞報道。IPCC的氣候科學(xué)家們的報告指出，燃燒的化石燃料正在急劇加速地球變暖的速度，科學(xué)家們對人們發(fā)出了警告，提出了建議：為了防止最壞的影響，人類應(yīng)徹底放棄運用化石燃料。1．C寫作意圖題。依據(jù)其次段“TheIPCCisaU．N．bodyof195memberstatesthatassessesthesciencerelatedtotheclimatecrisisonbehalfofgovernmentseveryfewyears．Thisisthegroupthatdefinesthescientificconsensus．Hundredsofscientistsworkonaseriesofreports,whichtakeyearstoproduce．Governmentshavetosignoffonthem．AndthisoneisjustthelatestbigreassessmentoftheclimatethattheIPCChasdone,butit'sthefirstonethatisdoneineightyears．Italsohastheclearest,mostconfidentconclusionsthathaveeverbeenseeninanIPCCreport．(IPCC是一個由195個成員國組成的聯(lián)合國機構(gòu)，每隔幾年頭表各國政府評估與氣候危機有關(guān)的科學(xué)，這是定義科學(xué)共識的小組。數(shù)百名科學(xué)家致力于一系列報告，這些報告須要數(shù)年時間才能完成。政府必需在這些報告上簽字同意。而這個報告，只是IPCC最近一次對氣候的大規(guī)模重新評估，但這是八年來的第一次。它也有IPCC報告中所見過的最清楚、最自信的結(jié)論。)”可知，其次段中介紹了IPCC的性質(zhì)、功能、報告批準流程，目的是為了增加本文中的這篇氣候方面的評估結(jié)果的勸服力：這篇報道同其他的IPCC的報告一樣，曾經(jīng)有數(shù)百科學(xué)家耗時多年，之后才有政府簽字同意。故選C。2．C細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“Thiswarmingtrendappearstobeacceleratingasthegreenhousegasesaccumulateintheatmosphere．(隨著溫室氣體在大氣中積聚，這種變暖趨勢好像正在加速。)”可知，目前的氣候變暖趨勢因為溫室氣體而正在加速。故選C。3．B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段“Andonenewthinginthisreportisthatittriestoputnumbersonwhatthatmeans．So,forinstance,theysayheatwavessoextremeusedtoonlyhappenonceevery50years．Nowthey'rehappeningalmostfivetimesmoreoften．Extremedroughtscoulddoubleorfourtimesinfrequency．Insomecases,extremestormscouldbecomethreetimesmorefrequentanddrop30%morerainfallinaday．(這份報告的一個新內(nèi)容是，它試圖用數(shù)字來說明這意味著什么。例如，他們說如此極端的熱浪過去每50年才發(fā)生一次?，F(xiàn)在它們發(fā)生的頻率幾乎是以前的五倍。極端干旱的頻率可能會增加一倍或四倍。在某些狀況下，極端風(fēng)暴的頻率可能會增加三倍，一天的降雨量會增加30%。)”可知，此處以酷暑、極端干旱和極端風(fēng)暴的三組數(shù)據(jù)為例，科學(xué)家們借助于統(tǒng)計和推理手法來說明這份報告中的結(jié)論。故選B。4．A細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段“ThescientistssaypreventingtheworsteffectswilldemandaU-turnawayfromuseoffossilfuels．Anditdependsonuscollectively．(科學(xué)家們表示，為了防止最壞的影響，須要徹底放棄運用化石燃料。這取決于我們?nèi)咳恕?”可知，科學(xué)家們希望人們共同努力，徹底放棄運用化石燃料。故選A。B(2024·四川省成都市中學(xué)畢業(yè)班二模)In2007ateamledbyStefanRahmstorfcomparedactualobservationswithpredictionsmadebytheoreticalmodelsforthreekeyclimateindicators:carbondioxide,globaltemperatureandsea-levelrise．WhilethepredictionsgotCO2levelsright,theywerelowforrealtemperatureandsea-levelrise．Climatescientistshaveasurprisinghabit:Theyoftenunderestimatetheclimatethreat．Thearticlesreportingtheunderestimateshavebeenwidelycited,soonemightthinkthatscientistshavetakencorrectivesteps．ButrecentstudiesofArcticwarmingsuggestthattheproblemmaynothavegoneaway．Aspolaricemeltsbecauseofglobalwarming,theArcticOceanabsorbsmoreheat,whichcausestheArctictowarmevenmore．Itshouldsurprisenoonethattheareaiswarmingfast．Yetscientistshavebeencaughtoff-guardbyjusthowfasttheregionisheatingup．In2013,apaperwaspublishedpointingoutthattheseunderestimatesrepresentsubconsciousbias(偏向)causedbydefensiveness．Scientiststendedtowardlowerandmisleadingpredictionbecausetheydidnotwanttobeaccusedofmakingdramaticandoverstressedclaims．Evennowscientistscontinuetobeaccusedofoverestimatingclimaterisksbyworryingfigureswhichgetmuchmediaattention,thusbiasingtheirmodelstobeunrealisticallyconservative．IfscientistshaveunderestimatedArcticwarming,theyhavelikelyminimizedamountsofpermafrost(永久凍土)meltingandmethane(甲烷)releaseaswell．Andthatcouldbetrulydirebecausethepermafrostholdsabout1．5billiontonsoforganiccarbon,twiceasmuchasnowintheatmosphere．Werethatcarbontoberapidlyreleased,itcouldcauseapicture:arunawaygreenhouseeffect．Whateverthecause,it'stimethatscientistslookedseriouslyatwhethertheirmeasuringmodelscontinuetounderestimatecriticalaspectsoftheclimateproblem．Lowestimatescancreatethefalseimpressionthatwehavemoretimetofixtheproblemthanweactuallydo．5．WhyisRahmstorf'sresearchinParagraph1mentioned？A．Tohighlighttheurgencyinglobalwarming．B．Toshowtheinaccuracyofclimatepredictions．C．Tostatetheimportanceofprecisemeasurement．D．Toexpressthedifficultyinmakingrightpolicies．6．Whydoclimatescientistsalwaysunderestimateclimatethreats？A．Theyaremisledbythestatistics．B．Theirreportshavebeenwidelycited．C．Theywanttoavoidblameforcausinganxiety．D．Theyaimtodefendthemselvesfromfakeinformation．7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dire”inParagraph4probablymean？A．Disastrous． B．Confusing．C．Impressive． D．Discouraging．8．What'sthebesttitleofthistext？A．TheArcticOceanIsCallingforHelpB．ClimateScientistsAreUnderFireC．TheWarmingPaceIsUnderestimatedD．ClimatePredictionsProveCorrect【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了探討表明，全球變暖的速度被低估了，而這會給人類帶來可怕的后果。5．B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“In2007ateamledbyStefanRahmstorfcomparedactualobservationswithpredictionsmadebytheoreticalmodelsforthreekeyclimateindicators:carbondioxide,globaltemperatureandsea-levelrise．WhilethepredictionsgotCO2levelsright,theywerelowforrealtemperatureandsea-levelrise．(2007年，StefanRahmstorf領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個探討小組對三個關(guān)鍵氣候指標(二氧化碳、全球溫度和海平面上升)的實際觀測結(jié)果與理論模型的預(yù)料結(jié)果進行了比較。雖然預(yù)料的二氧化碳水平是正確的，但與實際溫度和海平面上升相比，這些預(yù)料都很低。)”可知，第一段提到Rahmstorf的探討結(jié)果是為了表明氣候?qū)W家對于氣候預(yù)料的不精準。故選B。6．C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“Scientiststendedtowardlowerandmisleadingpredictionbecausetheydidnotwanttobeaccusedofmakingdramaticandoverstressedclaims．(科學(xué)家傾向于做出更低的、誤導(dǎo)性的預(yù)料，因為他們不想被指責做出夸張的、過度強調(diào)的斷言。)”可知，科學(xué)家們低估氣候威逼是為了不想被指責造成了恐慌。故選C。7．A詞句揣測題。依據(jù)“becausethepermafrostholdsabout1．5billiontonsoforganiccarbon,twiceasmuchasnowintheatmosphere(因為永久凍土含有大約15億噸有機碳，是現(xiàn)在大氣中有機碳含量的兩倍)”可知，假如放任這種狀況的發(fā)展，導(dǎo)致北極凍土溶化和甲烷的釋放，后果是恐怖的。故選A。8．C標題歸納題。依據(jù)第一段“In2007ateamledbyStefanRahmstorfcomparedactualobservationswithpredictionsmadebytheoreticalmodelsforthreekeyclimateindicators:carbondioxide,globaltemperatureandsea-levelrise．WhilethepredictionsgotCO2levelsright,theywerelowforrealtemperatureandsea-levelrise．(2007年，StefanRahmstorf領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個探討小組對三個關(guān)鍵氣候指標(二氧化碳、全球溫度和海平面上升)的實際觀測結(jié)果與理論模型的預(yù)料結(jié)果進行了比較。雖然預(yù)料的二氧化碳水平是正確的，但與實際溫度和海平面上升相比，這些預(yù)料都很低。)”以及其次段“Aspolaricemeltsbecauseofglobalwarming,theArcticOceanabsorbsmoreheat,whichcausestheArctictowarmevenmore．Itshouldsurprisenoonethattheareaiswarmingfast．Yetscientistshavebeencaughtoff-guardbyjusthowfasttheregionisheatingup．(由于全球變暖，極地冰溶化，北冰洋汲取了更多的熱量，這導(dǎo)致北極更加暖和。該地區(qū)正在快速變暖，這應(yīng)當不足為奇。然而，科學(xué)家們對該地區(qū)升溫的速度感到措手不及。)”及全文可知，文章主要講解并描述的是全球變暖速度被低估了。故選C。C(2024·遼寧省沈陽市高三一模)AfewdaysbeforeChristmas1944,PatriciaKruegerreceivedatelegramfromtheU．S．Army．Shehopeditwouldcontainabelatedbirthdaygreetingfromherhusband,anarmyflightengineer,CharlesKrueger,whomshehadnotheardfromfor2weeks．Instead,themessagesaidhewasn'tcominghome:HisB-29hadbeenlostoverMukdenandhewaslaterdeclaredMIA(missinginaction)．Theirson,JohnKruegerofMiddleton,Wisconsin,now78,stilltearsupwhenherecountsthisstory．Decadeslater,themilitarycontinuestoworktobringbacktheremainsofsoldierslikeCharlesKrueger．ThejoboffindingthemfallstoDPAA(DefensePOW/MIAAccountingAgency),createdin2015aftercriticschargedthatthepreviousMIAsearchprocesswasslow,andbehindoninnovationsinscienceandtechnology．Between1973and2014,theremainsofonly1849missingservicememberswerereturnedtotheirfamilies;in2024,theagencyaccountedfortheremainsof141MIAs,accordingtoDPAAfigures．Toacceleratethework,CongressgaveDPAAtheauthoritytodeveloppublic-privatepartnershipswithscientistsandgroupsoutsidegovernment．“Teamingupwithacademicscientistsintroducesnewwaysofthinking，”saysmilitaryhistorianMichaelDolski．“Workingwithpartnersallowsustotapintotheirtechnologiesandcapabilitiesinwaysthatwejustcan'tmaintain．”Forscientists,theworkismorethantechnicallysatisfying．“It'sthemostrewardingaspectofmycareer，”saysMires,ascientistworkingwiththeagency．“InotherarchaeologysitesI'veworkedon,thehistoryisremote，”hesays．“Here,you'researchingsomethingnotforathing,butforaperson,andallthepeopletheytouched．”9．WhatwasthetelegramaboutinParagraph1？A．AChristmasdinner．B．CharlesKrueger'sloss．C．Abirthdaygreeting．D．JohnKrueger'smemory．10．WhydidpeoplecriticizethepreviousMIAsearchprocess？A．BecauseDPAAwantstocontinuethesearch．B．Becauseittooklongandlackedcreativeness．C．Becausetheworkwasstoppedbythemilitary．D．Because141MIAs'remainswasfoundin2024．11．WhatisMichaelDolski'sattitudetothecooperationwithscientistsandgroups？A．Patient． B．Critical．C．Doubtful． D．Approving．12．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext？A．AlongsearchforMIAsB．AchievementsofDPAAC．AssistancefromscienceD．Consequencesofwars【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。短文介紹了對在戰(zhàn)斗中失蹤人員搜尋的努力。9．B細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Instead,themessagesaidhewasn'tcominghome:HisB-29hadbeenlostoverMukdenandhewaslaterdeclaredMIA(missinginaction)．(相反，這條消息說他不會回家了：他的B-29在Mukden上空失蹤了，后來他被宣布為MIA。)”可知，電報是關(guān)于CharlesKrueger的失蹤。故選B。10．B細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“ThejoboffindingthemfallstoD