重慶市2023-2024學(xué)年高一英語上學(xué)期期中試題含解析

(全卷滿分150分，考試時間：120分鐘)注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號碼填寫在答題卡上2.作答前認(rèn)真閱讀答題卡上的注意事項。3.作答時務(wù)必將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在試卷及草稿紙上無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelnow?A.Satisfied.B.Nervous.C.Disappointed.2.WhydoesthewomancallJack?A.Toaskhimtoclosethewindow.B.Tomakeacomplaint.C.Togethernotebookback.3.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Mattmightseethestrongmouse.B.Mattmightknowhowtogetmorecheese.C.Mattmighthaveeatenthecheese.4.HowdidthespeakersgotoFrance?ABytrain.B.Byair.C.Bycar.5.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoborrownow?A.Thedictionary.B.Theeraser.C.Thescissors.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段長對話，回答小題。6.Whereisthemuseum?A.Oppositethebookshop.B.Besidethecafe.C.Nexttothehotel.7.Howwillthemanprobablygettothemuseum?A.Bytaxi.B.Onfoot.C.Bybus.聽下面一段長對話，回答小題。8.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Intheclassroom.B.Athome.C.Intheoffice.9.Whydidtheboyfailtheexam?A.Hedidn’tmakeagoodstudyplan.B.Hedidn’treviewhislessons.C.HestayeduplatewatchingTV.10.Howdoestheboysoundintheend?A.Patient.BAngry.C.Ashamed.聽下面一段長對話，回答小題。11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Intherestaurant.B.Inadesigncompany.C.Atacoffeeshop.12.Howoftendoesthemaneatoutside?A.Twiceaweek.B.Fourtimesaweek.C.Sixtimesaweek.13.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Haveacoffee.B.Havelunch.C.Gotothesupermarket.聽下面一段長對話，回答小題。14.WhichlanguageisPhilprobablyfluentin?AJapanese.B.French.C.English.15.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?A.InLuxembourg.B.InBritain.C.InJapan.16.InwhichcountrydoesNancywanttoliveinthefuture?A.Belgium.B.America.C.Japan.17.WhatwillPhildoaftercompletinghisstudies?A.WorkinNewYork.B.ReturntoChicago.C.VisitLA.聽下面一段獨白，回答小題。18.WhatdoweknowabouttheSunGodstatue?A.Ithasthebodyofahumanbeing.B.Ithasthefaceofalion.C.Ithasahistoryof5,000years.19.Howmanytimeshadthestatuebeendugoutofthesand?A.Twice.B.Threetimes.C.Fourtimes.20.What’sthethirdreasonforthedestructionofthestatueaccordingtothespeaker?A.Greattemperaturedifference.B.Severeairpollution.C.Wrongfulactsofthevisitors.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中的最佳選項。AWhileteamayhaveoriginatedinAsia,nowtherearemanycountriesallaroundtheworldthathaveteawovenintotheirfoodcultureandtraditions.Thisisoneoftheveryspecialpartsofteaasithasawayofconnectingpeopleallovertheworldindifferentwaysandceremoniesthatfinallyallresultsinagroupofpeoplesittingtogetherandenjoyingacupoftea.ChineseteacultureSinceChinaisviewedasthebirthplaceoftea,itisnowonderthatChineseteacultureisrichwithhistoryandtradition.Today,ChineseteacontinuestobeusedinChinesemedicineandiscommonlyconsumedonbothcasualandformaloccasionsbothforpersonalenjoymentandtorepresentChineseculturaltraditions.JapaneseteacultureJapanalsohasalonghistorywithtea,especiallyJapaneseMatcha,whichisakindofgroundgreenteathatiscommonlyusedinJapaneseteaceremoniesandonlyinrecentyearsbecamepopularinwesternculture.BritishteacultureWhenmanypeoplethinkabouttea,Britishteacultureiswhatcomestomind.AhotcupofEnglishBreakfastorEarlGreyteaserveswithalittlemilkandabiscuitintheafternoonasapick-me-upfortheday.EventhoughteamaynotbenativetoEngland,thisBritishteatraditionisstillgoingstrongtoday.MoroccanteacultureWhenyouvisitMoroccoitishardtomisstheoutstandingteaculturethatissuchalargepartofMoroccanhospitality.Beforeanygathering,negotiation,orsaleofaproduct,apotofmintteaisalwayspreparedandservedamongthehostandguests.ThisisanexpressionofMoroccantraditionandhospitality,whichshouldalwaysbeacceptedbyguestsasasignofappreciationandrespecttothehost.1.Whycanteafinditswayintovariousfoodcultures?A.ItoriginatesinAsia. B.Itformsdifferentceremonies.C.Itgetspeopleconnectedeasily. D.Itallowspeopletosittogether.2.WhatdoChineseandJapaneseteacultureshaveincommonaccordingtothetext?A.Theyhavealonghistory.B.Theyareusedinmedicine.C.Theyarefamousforgroundgreentea.D.They’velonggainedworldwiderecognition.3.WhyaretheBritskeenonteaintheafternoon?A.Togetnewenergy. B.Tobringoutrespect.C.Toshowhospitality. D.Toobserveatradition.【答案】1.C2.A3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。雖然茶起源于亞洲，但是如今世界上許多國家的飲食文化和傳統(tǒng)中都融入了茶元素。文章主要介紹了中國、日本、英國和摩洛哥的茶文化?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thisisoneoftheveryspecialpartsofteaasithasawayofconnectingpeopleallovertheworldindifferentwaysandceremoniesthatfinallyallresultsinagroupofpeoplesittingtogetherandenjoyingacupoftea.(這是茶的一個非常特別的部分，因為它有一種方式——用不同的方式和儀式把世界各地的人們聯(lián)系在一起，最終結(jié)果是一群人坐在一起，享受一杯茶。)”可知，茶能夠進(jìn)入各種飲食文化是因為它讓人們很容易聯(lián)系起來。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Chineseteaculture部分中的“SinceChinaisviewedasthebirthplaceoftea,itisnowonderthatChineseteacultureisrichwithhistoryandtradition.(既然中國被視為茶的發(fā)源地，難怪中國的茶文化有著豐富的歷史和傳統(tǒng)。)”和Japaneseteaculture部分中的“Japanalsohasalonghistorywithtea(日本也有悠久的茶葉歷史)”可知，中國和日本的茶文化的共同點是：它們都有著悠久的歷史。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Britishteaculture部分中的“AhotcupofEnglishBreakfastorEarlGreyteaserveswithalittlemilkandabiscuitintheafternoonasapick-me-upfortheday.(一杯熱騰騰的英式早餐或伯爵茶，下午加一點牛奶和餅干，作為一天的提神飲料。)”可知，英國人喜歡在下午喝茶的原因是，為了獲得新的能量。故選A。BMyPh.D.advisercalledmeintohisoffice,sayingIneedn'tbringmynotebook.After15minutesoflistingmypositivethings,helookedmeintheeyeandsaid,“Youarefiredfromthelab.”IhadmovedtoIsraelfrommynativeIndiatheyearbefore,excitedtoexperienceanewcultureandstudyforaPh.D.Atfirstthingswentwellinmynewlab.Then,3monthsbeforeIwasfired,Iranintosomeproblems.Imadeafewmistakesinthelabthatslowedmyresearch,butIwasn'tawarethatmyadvisernoticedthem,andheneverspoketomeaboutanyconcerns.I’mstillnotsurewhyhefiredme,butIguessitwasbecauseofthosemistakes.Hewasn'tconfidentthatIcouldcompletemyresearchintimeaswe'dplanned.ThefirstfewdaysafterIwasfiredwereespeciallydifficult.Ispenthoursstaringatmycomputerscreen,unabletogetanythingdone.OnedayallIcoulddowassitonabeach,crying.Itriedtochangehismindwithpromisingresults,buthestucktohisdecision.IcouldnotbreakthenewstomyfamilyinIndia,asthefearofdisappointingthemoverwhelmed（壓垮）me.Isoongotintoastateofsadnessandanxiety.Meanwhile,thedateformetoleavethecountrywasdrawingnear,asmyvisarequiredmetoberegisteredasastudent.Iwaslonelyandwithouthope.Aroundthattime,IwatchedDasvidaniya,aBollywoodmoviethat'saboutamanwhohas3monthstolive.Onelinefromthemoviestuckouttome:“Whenlifegivesyoulemons,makelemonade（檸檬水）”.WhatkindoflemonadecouldImakeoutofmypresentsituation?MydesiretocompleteaPh.D.wasneverindoubt.Aftermuchreflection,Itoldmyselfthatonefailedattemptwasnottheendoftheworld,andthatIneededtogiveitanothertry.Withrenewedconfidence,Iemailedexpectedadvisersandappliedtootherprograms.Within2months,IlandedanofferfromaPh.D.programinItaly.IaccepteditandrelocatedtoEurope,happythatmygoalofcompletingaPh.D.wasaliveonceagain.I’mthankfulthatIdidn'tgiveuponmydreamandthatIfoundanotherprofessorwillingtotakemeon.4.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thepersonalityoftheadviser.B.Theauthor'sproblemsinstudy.C.Thepossiblereasonfortheauthor'sbeingfired.D.Theauthor'sdifficultyinadaptingtoanewculture.5.Whatdidtheauthordoafterbeingfired?A.Heappliedforanewvisa.B.Hegotaddictedtocomputergames.C.Hetriedtochangetheadviser'smind.D.HesharedthenewswithhisfamilyinIndia.6.Whatkindof"lemonade”didtheauthormakeoutofthedifficultsituation?A.Persuadingtheadvisertolethimstay.B.Beingresponsiblefordifferentprograms.C.Holdingthebelieftogetadoctor'sdegree.D.GettingacceptedbyanotherPh.D.program.7.Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthestory?A.Directionismoreimportantthaneffort,B.Turntomoviesforcomfortwhenintrouble.C.Adoctor’sdegreeisimportantforthefuture.D.Difficultiesinlifecanbeturnedintosomethingpositive.【答案】4.C5.C6.D7.D【解析】【分析】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者在以色列攻讀博士學(xué)位期間遭遇困境。一部電影中的臺詞給了他啟示：當(dāng)生活給你又酸又苦的檸檬時，那你就將它變成又甜又可口的檸檬汁。【4題詳解】主旨大意題。文章第二段中提到“3monthsbeforeIwasfired,Iranintosomeproblems.Imadeafewmistakesinthelabthatslowedmyresearch….I’mstillnotsurewhyhefiredme,butIguessitwasbecauseofthosemistakes.Hewasn'tconfidentthatIcouldcompletemyresearchintimeaswe'dplanned.（在解雇前三個月，我在實驗室犯了一些錯誤，延緩了我的研究進(jìn)度......我仍然不確定他為什么解雇我，但我猜是因為那些錯誤。他沒有信心我能如期完成我的研究。）”由此可知，該段是講述作者被解雇的可能的原因。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Itriedtochangehismindwithpromisingresults,buthestucktohisdecision.（我試圖以預(yù)期的結(jié)果來改變他的主意，但他堅持他的決定。）”可知，被解雇后，作者試圖改變導(dǎo)師的主意，但是無濟于事。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第四段中提到“Withrenewedconfidence,Iemailedexpectedadvisersandappliedtootherprograms.Within2months,IlandedanofferfromaPh.D.programinItaly.IaccepteditandrelocatedtoEurope,happythatmygoalofcompletingaPh.D.wasaliveonceagain.（滿懷重新燃起的信心，我發(fā)了一封電子郵件給預(yù)期的顧問，并申請了其他項目。不到兩個月，我就拿到了意大利一個博士項目的錄取通知書。我接受了，到了歐洲，很高興我完成博士學(xué)位的目標(biāo)再次實現(xiàn)了。）”由此可知，作者在被解雇的困境下，他的“檸檬水”是申請另一個博士項目，并且被接受了。故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。文章講述了作者在以色列攻讀博士學(xué)位期間，被導(dǎo)師解雇。在困境中，作者觀看的一部電影中的臺詞給了他啟示“Whenlifegivesyoulemons,makelemonade.(若生活給了你酸檸檬時，那就把它變成甜的檸檬汁吧)”。文章中還提到“Aftermuchreflection,Itoldmyselfthatonefailedattemptwasnottheendoftheworld,andthatIneededtogiveitanothertry.”作者認(rèn)為一次失敗的嘗試并不意味著世界末日，于是再次嘗試。由此可以推斷，作者的經(jīng)歷告訴人們在生活中遇到困境時，應(yīng)該換個角度，不斷嘗試，就可以轉(zhuǎn)化為積極的東西。故選D。CCanasmallgroupofdrones(無人機)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.8.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines. B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones. D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.9.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.10.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning. B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews. D.Toacceleratetransportation.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無人機能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.(無人機已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點的正確位置)”可推知，使用無人機檢查電力線使無人機應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選A?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(據(jù)統(tǒng)計，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護上的花費就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全，畫線詞和C項：Inspectionandrepair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.(帶有先進(jìn)傳感器和人工智能的非常小的無人機可以像副駕駛一樣在火車前面行駛。憑借他們的預(yù)見能力，他們可以發(fā)出任何問題的信號，以便快速行駛的火車能夠及時做出反應(yīng))”可知，對于無人機期待的功能是提前發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones(無人機)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(一小群無人機能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時，幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元？這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù)的未來，以確保全球數(shù)百萬公里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運行。)”以及后文第二段講到了使用無人機檢查電力線路使無人機應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無人機大幅節(jié)省維護成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全；第四段講到了通過使用最新的技術(shù)，無人機還可以開始為鐵路提供更高的價值，可知文章主要講述了無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來，所以D項“無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來?！狈衔恼轮行乃枷耄m合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。【點睛】DTheproverb“Workisworship(熱愛，崇拜)”emphasizestheimportanceofworkinourlife.Itstatesthatdoingworkmustbetherealworshipofthelifeofeveryhumanbeing.Humanbeingsareconsideredthemostimportantentity(獨立存在體)inthisuniversebecauseweareblessedwithbrainsandintelligence.Thebrainprovidesthepowertothinkandunderstandaboutdifferentthingsintheworld.Weallhavesomepurposeinourlivesanddoingworkhelpsinachievingthepurposeofourlives.Itisveryimportantforallthestudentstounderstandtheimportanceofwork.Thisstageisveryimportantineveryperson’slife.Thehabitthatisdevelopedatthisageiscontinuedtilldeath.Ifthestudentslearntoworkinthisstagetheycontinuethesameinfuturetoo.Forthestudents,realworshipisnottheworshipingofgodbutdoingtheirstudiesinasincereway.Theyneedtodoregularstudieswithproperconcentrationeveryday.Thestudentswhoareattentiveanddotheirworksincerelyarerewardedwithgoodmarkswhilethelazystudentswhoavoiddoingtheirworksufferlaterintheirlives.Thisisbecausethereisnosubstitute(代替)forhardwork.Hardworkingstudentsgrowuptobecamegoodcitizensofsocietyandthenationinfuture.Workteachesthestudentstobedisciplinedintheirlife.Everydaywehearofnewinventionsandachievementsmadebythepeopleintheworld.Itcouldnotbepossibleifthepeoplewouldnothavedonetheirworksincerely.Ourhistoryisshiningbrightbecauseofthegreatdeedsofsomegreatpersonalities.Thisisalsobecauseofthepeoplewhoconsideredtheirworkasworshipandperformedithonestly.Suchpeopleneverranawayfromdoingwork.Theywouldnotbeabletomaketheirnamesshineinhistorywithouthardwork.Thus,itcanbestatedthateverysuccesshasabigstruggleanddedicationbehindit.Peoplewhoworshiptheirworkcanachievegreatheightsintheirlife.“Workisworship.”isapopularquotetomakepeopleunderstandtheimportanceofworkineveryone’slife.Theonewhounderstandstheimportanceoftheworkdoesitproperlywithoutthinkingofthefruit.Thefruitwillsurelybesweetiftheeffortishonest.12.Whatmakesushumanbeingsoutstandingintheuniverse?A.Theimportanceofwork. B.TheblessingofGod.C.Thepurposeoflife. D.Thepowerofbrain.13.Whydoestheauthoremphasizetheimportanceofworktostudents?A.Workpreparesthemforthefuture.B.Workmakesthemmoreintelligent.C.Workoffersthemmoresubstitutes.D.Workqualifiesthemforteachingjobs.14.WhydoestheauthortalkaboutinventionsinParagraph5?A.Tomakethemknowntotheworld.B.Tohonorthosegreatpersonalities.C.Tousethemassupportingevidence.D.Tocallonstudentstoinventthings.15.Whatistheauthor’srealpurposeofwritingthetext?A.Toexplainthequote“Workisworship”.B.Toencouragepeopletobehardworking.C.Toteachstudentstobedisciplinedittheirlife.D.Toanalysethereasonsforthosegreatsuccesses.【答案】12D13.A14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了“工作就是崇拜”這句格言，告訴了我們工作的重要性，同時也告訴我們只要努力工作，未來必然是美好的?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Humanbeingsareconsideredthemostimportantentity(獨立存在體)inthisuniversebecauseweareblessedwithbrainsandintelligence.Thebrainprovidesthepowertothinkandunderstandaboutdifferentthingsintheworld.(人類被認(rèn)為是宇宙中最重要的實體，因為我們有幸擁有大腦和智慧。大腦提供了思考和理解世界上不同事物的能力)”可知，人類之所以很杰出，是因為擁有大腦的能力。故選擇D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Itisveryimportantforallthestudentstounderstandtheimportanceofwork.Thisstageisveryimportantineveryperson’slife.Thehabitthatisdevelopedatthisageiscontinuedtilldeath.Ifthestudentslearntoworkinthisstagetheycontinuethesameinfuturetoo.(對于所有的學(xué)生來說，理解工作的重要性是非常重要的。這個階段在每個人的生活中都是非常重要的。在這個年齡養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣會一直延續(xù)到死。如果學(xué)生在這個階段學(xué)習(xí)工作，他們在未來也會繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí))”可推斷，學(xué)生在學(xué)生時期努力學(xué)習(xí)，未來也會努力，也就是在為未來做準(zhǔn)備。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Everydaywehearofnewinventionsandachievementsmadebythepeopleintheworld.Itcouldnotbepossibleifthepeoplewouldnothavedonetheirworksincerely.Ourhistoryisshiningbrightbecauseofthegreatdeedsofsomegreatpersonalities.Thisisalsobecauseofthepeoplewhoconsideredtheirworkasworshipandperformedithonestly.(我們每天都聽說世界人民的新發(fā)明和新成就。如果人們沒有真誠地做他們的工作，這是不可能的。由于一些偉大人物的偉大事跡，我們的歷史閃耀著光輝。這也是因為有些人把他們的工作當(dāng)作敬拜，并且誠實地去做)”可推斷，作者提到新發(fā)明，是為了說明之所以有這些發(fā)明，是因為人們對工作的崇拜，也就是提到發(fā)明是為了論證自己的觀點。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Theonewhounderstandstheimportanceoftheworkdoesitproperlywithoutthinkingofthefruit.Thefruitwillsurelybesweetiftheeffortishonest.(懂得工作重要性的人做事時不會考慮結(jié)果。如果努力是誠實的，果實一定是甜美的)”及全文可推斷，作者寫這篇文章是為了鼓勵人們要勤奮。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Psychologistshavelongbelievedthathumanbeingshaveafairlyconsistent“negativitybias（消極偏見）”thatleadsustopaymoreattentiontonegativethoughts,feelingsandeventsthantopositiveones.____16____Thereisapositiveexplanationforthequestion.Afterall,wearemotivatedtogrowafteramisstep.However,wecan'tabandonourselvestothenegativitybiasforever.How?____17____PracticePositivity.Likeyourmuscles,yourthoughtpatternsrespondtohowtheyareusedandexercised.Youdon'thavetoerasethenegativitybiasfromyourmind.____18____Forexample,setcalendarremindersthroughoutyourdaytoconveyanexpressionofgratitudeorsimplyadjustyourbodylanguagesoyou'reholdingyourselfwithstrengthandconfidence.____19____We'relivinginatimeofpandemicorfinancialstressanddeepdivision.Ournegativitybiasescallourattentiontowardthoserealities.Butwearewellservedtoalsoseetheopportunitiesinthismoment：Maybethere'sahomeprojectweotherwisewouldn'thavefoundtimetotackle.AskforPositiveReminders.Getinthehabitofcheckinginwithpeoplewhoarewithyouwhengoodnessfindsyoutoday.Mentiontothem,“Thatisanunexpectedbitofpraisefromtheboss,isn'tit?”____20____Andwhoknows,youmayhelpyourfriend,familymemberorcoworkerhaveamorepositivedayaswell!A.Trythefollowingsuggestedideas.B.Redefinenegativityasanopportunity.C.Instead,practiceyourpositivelifestyle.D.Itsnegativeinfluencecanneverbeavoided.E.Whyandhowdoesthisphenomenonhappen?F.Howdoyouhandleitasyoutrytolivewithmorepositivity?G.Askingotherstoconfirmyourpositiveinsightscanfacilitateyourpositivity.【答案】16.E17.A18.C19.B20.G【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了，人類有一種相當(dāng)一致的“消極偏見”，但人們不能永遠(yuǎn)沉浸在消極偏見中，文章給了一些方法幫助人們走出消極偏見。【16題詳解】由上一句“Psychologistshavelongbelievedthathumanbeingshaveafairlyconsistent“negativitybias（消極偏見）”thatleadsustopaymoreattentiontonegativethoughts,feelingsandeventsthantopositiveones.”（心理學(xué)家長期以來一直認(rèn)為，人類有一種相當(dāng)一致的“消極偏見”，這導(dǎo)致我們更多地關(guān)注消極的思想、情感和事件，而不是積極的思想、情感和事件。）和下一句“Thereisapositiveexplanationforthequestion.”（對這個問題有一個肯定的解釋。）可知，上句提到了“消極偏見”這種消極的心理問題現(xiàn)象，下句又說這個問題有一個肯定的解釋，可得出該空填寫內(nèi)容應(yīng)與解釋這種現(xiàn)象為什么和如何發(fā)生的信息有關(guān)，承接上下文，E選項“這種現(xiàn)象為什么會發(fā)生，又是如何發(fā)生的？”切題。故選E項?！?7題詳解】由上兩句“However,wecan'tabandonourselvestothenegativitybiasforever.How?”（然而，我們不能永遠(yuǎn)沉浸在消極偏見中。怎樣做呢？），第二段首句“PracticePositivity.”（實踐積極性。）和最后一段首句“AskforPositiveReminders.”（索要積極的提醒。）及下文內(nèi)容可知，上文說人們不能永遠(yuǎn)沉浸在消極偏見中，下文講走出消極偏見的一些建議（如實踐積極性和要求積極的提醒），可得出該空填寫的內(nèi)容與提供建議有關(guān)，承接上下文，A選項“嘗試以下建議。”切題。故選A項?！?8題詳解】由本段小標(biāo)題“PracticePositivity.”（實踐積極性。）和上一句“Youdon'thavetoerasethenegativitybiasfromyourmind.”（你不必消除你心中消極偏見。）可知，作者建議讀者在生活中去實踐積極性，即以積極的態(tài)度去生活，所以無需消除你心中的消極偏見，只需在生活中不斷實踐積極的生活方式，承接上文，C選項“相反，練習(xí)你積極的生活方式?！鼻蓄}。故選C項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容，歸納出小標(biāo)題。由本段后文“We'relivinginatimeofpandemicorfinancialstressanddeepdivision.Ournegativitybiasescallourattentiontowardthoserealities.Butwearewellservedtoalsoseetheopportunitiesinthismoment：Maybethere'sahomeprojectweotherwisewouldn'thavefoundtimetotackle.”（我們生活在一個大流行病、經(jīng)濟壓力和嚴(yán)重分裂的時代。我們的消極偏見要求我們關(guān)注這些現(xiàn)實。但我們也很樂意看到這一刻的機遇：也許有一個家庭項目，否則我們就沒有時間去解決。）可知，即使我們的消極偏見要求我們關(guān)注那些消極的現(xiàn)實，但我們也要在消極中看到機遇，可得出本段主要講在消極中找到機遇，承接下文，B選項“將消極性重新定義為機遇?！鼻蓄}。故選B項?！?0題詳解】由本段小標(biāo)題“AskforPositiveReminders.”（索要積極的提醒。）和上一句“Mentiontothem,“Thatisanunexpectedbitofpraisefromtheboss,isn'tit?””（對他們說：“這是老板出乎意料的表揚，不是嗎？”）可知，在本段中作者建議讀者要去向別人索要積極的提醒來擺脫消極偏見，如用反義疑問句“這是老板出乎意料的表揚，不是嗎？”來肯定自己的積極性，承接上文，G選項“讓別人確認(rèn)你的積極見解可以促進(jìn)你的積極性。”切題。故選G項。第三部分語言運用(共四節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。OnSept.1,PaulMiller,ateacherinAmerica,____21____avideoonYouTubewherehedoeshistakeon“I’llBeThereForYou,”asongfromFriends.“Noonetoldmeschoolwasgonnabethisway,"Millersingsinaclassroom,in____22____tothepandemicandthenationwide____23____ofin-personteaching.“Igotmylessonsreadybutstudentsareabsent.Thoughtheyare____24____,wecanstillhaveagreatyear.'CauseI'llbehereforyouwhenyou'relearningathome."“____25____oursocialdistance,schoolwillstillbegreat.”Millercontinues.Having____26____thereasonswhyonlinelearninghasits____27____Millerjumpsintothechorus,tellinghisstudentswhattheycan____28____.“Whenback,”hesings.“Youreallystarttoshine.Nomatterwhat,I'mhereforyou.”Miller'svideohasreceivedover25,000viewsandlotsof____29____comments.Onewrote:"Teachersare_____30_____onearthinhumanform.”Inan_____31_____withWMTVMillersaidhe_____32_____startsoffeveryschoolyearwithasong.Thisyear,however,hehadtobemorecreative.Theteachersaidhe'sbeen_____33_____bythepositiveresponseshe'sgotten.“Reallythe_____34_____wearegettingthisyeariscompletelybeyond_____35_____,”hesaid.“IhavegottenmessagesfromArizonatoIndia.Apparently,Friendsisaverypopularshow.”21.A.marked B.recorded C.praised D.shared22.A.response B.relation C.devotion D.addition23.A.preparation B.cancellation C.admiration D.promotion24.A.private B.attractive C.virtual D.passive25.A.For B.Despite C.Against D.Across26.A.listed B.gained C.told D.realized27A.contributions B.effects C.tendencies D.benefits28.A.expect B.develop C.treasure D.correspond29.A.objective B.indifferent C.casual D.supportive30.A.heroes B.spirits C.angels D.sponsors31.A.interview B.conversation C.debate D.argument32.A.specially B.normally C.particularly D.temporarily33.A.influenced B.burdened C.overwhelmed D.defeated34.A.strength B.preference C.responsibility D.attention35.A.control B.reach C.expectation D.recognition【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.B26.A27.D28.A29.D30.C31.A32.B33.C34.D35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。美國教師PaulMiller疫情期間在YouTube上分享了一段視頻，他在視頻中改編了《老友記》中的一首歌來回應(yīng)疫情期間全國范圍內(nèi)取消面對面教學(xué)這件事，受到廣泛關(guān)注和好評?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：9月1日，美國教師PaulMiller在YouTube上分享了一段視頻，他在視頻中改編了《老友記》中的一首歌《我會在那里等你》。A.marked標(biāo)記；B.recorded記錄；C.praised贊揚；D.shared分享。因為空后提到了社交媒體“onYouTube”，所以應(yīng)該是在上面分享了一個視頻。故選D項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Miller在教室里唱道：“沒人告訴我學(xué)校會這樣?！币曰貞?yīng)疫情和全國范圍內(nèi)取消面對面教學(xué)。A.response回應(yīng)；B.relation關(guān)系；C.devotion奉獻(xiàn)；D.addition添加。根據(jù)“Igotmylessonsreadybutstudentsareabsent”可知，這位教師是為了回應(yīng)疫情和全國范圍內(nèi)取消面對面教學(xué)這件事而改編了歌曲。inresponseto意為“回應(yīng)”。故選A項。23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Miller在教室里唱道：“沒人告訴我學(xué)校會這樣。”以回應(yīng)疫情和全國范圍內(nèi)取消面對面教學(xué)。A.preparation準(zhǔn)備；B.cancellation取消；C.admiration欽佩；D.promotion提升。根據(jù)“thepandemic”和“in-personteaching”可知，此處是指疫情期間取消了面對面教學(xué)。故選B項。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然他們是虛擬的，我們?nèi)匀豢梢远冗^愉快的一年。A.private私有的；B.attractive吸引人的；C.virtual虛擬的；D.passive被動的。根據(jù)“whenyou'relearningathome”可知，疫情期間孩子們在家上網(wǎng)課，所以此處表示他們是虛擬的。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：Miller繼續(xù)道：“盡管我們有社交距離，學(xué)校仍然很好?！盇.For為了；B.Despite盡管；C.Against反對；D.Across穿越。根據(jù)“oursocialdistance”和“schoolwillstillbegreat”之間是讓步關(guān)系，所以用despite。故選B項?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在列出了在線學(xué)習(xí)的好處之后，Miller加入了合唱，告訴他的學(xué)生他們可以期待什么。A.listed列舉；B.gained獲得；C.told告訴；D.realized意識到。根據(jù)上文“wecanstillhaveagreatyear....schoolwillstillbegreat”可知，Miller在歌里面列舉在線學(xué)習(xí)的好處。故選A項?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在列出了在線學(xué)習(xí)的好處之后，Miller加入了合唱，告訴他的學(xué)生他們可以期待什么。A.contributions貢獻(xiàn)；B.effects影響；C.tendencies趨勢；D.benefits好處。根據(jù)上文“wecanstillhaveagreatyear....schoolwillstillbegreat”可知，Miller在歌里面列舉在線學(xué)習(xí)的好處。故選D項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在列出了在線