跨 文化交際禮儀-Chapter Five Cross-c

ChapterFiveCross-cultureCommunicationEtiquette跨文化交際禮儀EuropeanCountries歐洲國家AmericanCountries美洲國家OceanianCountries大洋洲國家目錄CONTENTSAsianCountries亞洲國家AfricanCountries非洲國家1Haveacommandoftheetiquettesandtabooofsomemajorcountries2Handlesomeproblemsituationsincross-culturalbusinesssetting3Cultivatethecross-culturalawarenesswhendoingbusinessgloballyObjectives（學習目標）Afteryouhavestudiedthischapter,youshouldbeabletoTestyourselfThe“OK”sign,formedbymakingacircleofthethumbandindexfingerisusedtoshowapproval.02Yes□No□PunctualityishighlyvaluedinthesouthernregionssuchasSpainorPortugal,whilestandardsarelooserforScandinavians，Germans,Britons,andothernorthernpeople.01Yes□No□InFrance,meetingsaretodiscussissues,nottomakedecisions.

03Yes□No□Basedonyourunderstandingofbusinessetiquette,judgethefollowingsituationsanddiscussingroups.04BusinesscardsareinfrequentlydistributedintheUSandarenotusuallyexchangedunlessyouwishtocontactthepersonatalaterdate.Yes□No□Nosmoking

during

Ramadan.

Foreigners

atthistimecannot

smokeinfrontof

the

locals;

otherwiseitwouldcausegreatresentment.05Yes□No□TestyourselfBasedonyourunderstandingofbusinessetiquette,judgethefollowingsituationsanddiscussingroups.EuropeanCountries歐洲國家PartI1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeandspaceTimeandspaceAsyoumovefromthenorthofEuropetothesouth,themostobviousdifferencesinmannersconcerntimeandspace.Scandinavians,Germans,Britons,andothernorthernpeopleplaceaveryhighvalueonpunctuality,whilestandardsarelooserinthesouthernregions.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeandspaceTimeandspaceInSpainorPortugalavisitormightbekeptwaitingthirtyminutesbeforebeinggreetedwiththeutmostcourtesy.SouthernEuropeansalsohaveamoreintimatepersonalcomfortzone,preferringtostandabouttwofeetapartwhentheyconverse.Fornortherners,theacceptabledistanceisaboutfourfeet,andanythingcloserisseenasaninvasionofprivacy.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeThestandardgreetingthroughoutEuropeisthehandshake,forbothmenandwomen.Itisusuallypoliteforawomantoextendherhandfirst.Mostcontinentalsshakehandsbeforeandaftereachmeeting,whileinGreatBritainasingleintroductoryshakeissufficient.

GreetingsThroughoutEurope,formalityinaddressistherule:Nevercallanotherpersonbyhisorherfirstnameuntilclearlyinvitedtodoso,andbecarefullytouseanyprofessionaltitlessuchas“Doctor”“Professor”or“Advocate”.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeinbusinessandsocialappointmentsIngeneral,allbusinessandsocialappointmentsshouldbescheduledatleasttwoweeksinadvance.Innortherncountries,beingexactlyontimeisessential;meetingsstartpromptly,movequicklytothematterathand,andtendtofollowatightlyscriptedagenda.InsoutherncountriessuchasSpainandGreece,whileyoushouldplantobeontime,yourhostmaynotbe.Meetingsaremorelikelytostartlate,interruptionsarenotunexpected,andthereisnoattempttohurrytheoutcome.Intheseregions,patienceandcourtesyarethekeystosuccessfulbusinessnegotiations.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeinbusinessandsocialappointmentsInEasternEurope,withitsrelativelyundevelopedinfrastructure,theetiquettetendstoresolvearoundlogisticalchallenges.Besuretosetupmeetingsfarinadvance;itmaytakemonthstofinalizevisasandothertravelarrangements.1.BriefintroductiontoEuropeTimeinbusinessandsocialappointmentsOnceyouarrive,multiplemeetingswilllikelyberequiredtowrapupbusinessdealings.ThisisespeciallytrueinRussia,whereextremecautioninmakingdecisionsisthenormandbeingtooreadytocompromiseisregardedasasignofweakness.01地理風貌Profile02政治概況Politics03經(jīng)濟概況Economy04民族文化Culture05商務(wù)禁忌Taboos2.TheUK英國UnitedKingdom(UK)orBritain.TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.2.TheUK英國01.Profile（地理風貌）2.TheUK英國England：overhalfofthetotalareaoftheUK,London.英格蘭：占英國總面積一半，首都為倫敦Scotland:underathird,Edinburgh.蘇格蘭：占英國總面積不足三分之一，首都為愛丁堡Wales:lessthanatenth,Cardiff.威爾士：占英國總面積不足十分之一，首都為卡迪夫NorthernIreland:hilly,Belfast.北愛爾蘭：多為丘陵，首都為貝爾法斯特01.Profile（地理風貌）The

monarch

is

Queen

Elizabeth

II,

who

has

reigned

since

6February

1952.女王是伊麗莎白二世，自1952年2月6日以來一直在位。2.TheUK英國02.Politics（政治風貌）TheBankofEngland—thecentralbankoftheUnitedKingdom2.TheUK英國Thefifth-largesteconomyintheworld世界第五大經(jīng)濟體Thesecond-largestinEuropeafterGermany僅次于德國的歐洲第二大經(jīng)濟體03.Economy（經(jīng)濟概況）2.TheUK英國03.Economy（經(jīng)濟概況）Thepoundsterlingistheworld'sthird-largestreservecurrency(aftertheUSdollarandtheeuro).英鎊是世界第三大儲備貨幣（僅次于美元和歐元）2.TheUK英國CityofLondonTheUKservicesectormakesuparound73%ofGDP.英國服務(wù)業(yè)約占GDP的73%03.Economy（經(jīng)濟概況）2.TheUK英國03.Economy（經(jīng)濟概況）StandardLifeBuildingintheEdinburghFinancialDistrictLondon:theworld'slargestfinancialcentrealongsideNewYork,thelargestcityGDPinEurope.倫敦：與紐約并列的全球最大金融中心，歐洲城市GDP最大的城市。Demographics人口統(tǒng)計Customs風俗人情Language語言Religion宗教2.TheUK英國04.Culture（民族文化）2.TheUK英國Thepopulation:65,648,000.全國總?cè)丝?5,648,000。Thelargestgrouparewhite,accountingfor87.1%.最大的群體是白人，占比87.1%。England'spopulationin2021wasfoundtobe55million,oneofthemostdenselypopulatedcountriesintheworld.2021年英格蘭人口為5500萬，是世界上人口最密集的地區(qū)之一。WhiteAsianBlackMixedWhite87.1%Mixed2%Black3%Asian7%others04.Culture（民族文化）Demographics人口統(tǒng)計2.TheUK英國FormsofChristianityhavedominatedreligiouslifeinwhatisnowtheUnitedKingdomforover1400years.1400多年來，基督教形式一直主導著現(xiàn)在的英國的宗教生活。59.5%wereChristians,withthenextlargestfaithsbeingIslam(4.4%),Hinduism(1.3%),Judaism(0.4%).59.5%是基督教徒，其次是伊斯蘭教（4.4%）、印度教（1.3%）、猶太教（0.4%）。Hindu1.3%Christian59.5%Irreligious25.7%Muslim4.4%Jew0.4%ChristianIrreligiousMuslimHinduJew04.Culture（民族文化）Religion宗教2.TheUK英國TheUK'sofficiallanguageisEnglish.英國的官方語言是英語。FrenchandGermanarethetwomostcommonlytaughtsecondlanguagesinEnglandandScotland.WelshisthesecondlanguageinWales.法語和德語是英格蘭和蘇格蘭最常用的兩種第二語言，威爾士語是威爾士地區(qū)的第二語言。04.Culture（民族文化）TheEnglish-speakingworld.Countriesindarkbluehaveamajorityofnativespeakers;countrieswhereEnglishisanofficial

butnota

majority

language

are

shaded

in

light

blue.EnglishisoneoftheofficiallanguagesoftheEuropeanUnionandtheUnited

Nations.Language語言2.TheUK英國Punctual,well-mannered,polite,andconservative.守時，彬彬有禮，嚴謹保守。Shakehandsratherthanhugorkiss.見面握手，一般不會擁抱會接吻。Keepsocialdistance.保持社交距離。04.Culture（民族文化）Customs（

風俗人情）2.TheUK英國Usepoliteexpressionssuchas"please","thankyou"and"excuseme".喜歡用“請”“謝謝”“不好意思”等禮貌用語。“LadyFist”.遵守“女士優(yōu)先”原則。Customs（

風俗人情）04.Culture（民族文化）2.TheUK英國BritishafternoonteahasbecomeasymbolofBritishculture.英式下午茶已經(jīng)成為一種英國文化的標志。TeaaswellassnackswillbeservedinthetraditionalBritishafternoontea.傳統(tǒng)的英式下午茶不僅有茶水還有點心。Customs（

風俗人情）04.Culture（民族文化）2.TheUK英國Bottomfirstandthenthetop.食用的順序是先吃下面的再往上吃。Mencanwearcasualbusinessclothesandwomencandressup.男士可以穿休閑商務(wù)裝，女士可以盛裝打扮。customs（

風俗人情）04.Culture（民族文化）2.TheUK英國BusinessDiningTaboos（商務(wù)用餐禁忌）Gift-givingTaboos（商務(wù)饋贈禁忌）BusinessGreetingTaboos（商務(wù)問候禁忌）BusinessGestureTaboos（商務(wù)體態(tài)禁忌）BusinessTalkTaboos（商務(wù)交談禁忌）BusinessDressTaboos（商務(wù)著裝禁忌）05.BusinessTaboos（商務(wù)禁忌）2.TheUK英國Don'tshakehandswithonefootinsidethedoorandtheotheroutside.切忌一只腳在門里面另一只腳在門外與人握手。Don’tshakehandsforthefourcross-cutting.切忌四人交叉握手。Whenyoumeetawomanforthefirsttime,youdon’tshakehandsbutbow.Don’tshakehandswithwomentoohard.第一次和女士見面，不用握手，而是鞠躬。和女士握手不要太用力。BusinessgreetingtaboosintheUK2.TheUK英國Informalbusinessoccasions(reception,visit,banquet,etc.),menusuallywearathree-piecesuitandtie.Womenweareveningdressesorsuitsandshoeswithheels.在正式商務(wù)場合（會客、拜訪、宴會等），男士一般穿穿三件套式西裝，打領(lǐng)帶，女士要穿晚禮服或者套裝以及有跟的鞋子。BusinessdresstaboosintheUKNostripedtiesinformal

occasions.正式場合，不要戴條紋領(lǐng)帶。Informaloccasions,suitscan‘tgowithsports

shoes.在正式場合，西裝不能和運動鞋搭配。striped

tie

條紋領(lǐng)帶sports

shoes運動鞋2.TheUK英國BusinessgesturetaboosintheUKDon’tmakeV-shape

with

yourbackofhand

outward.做V手勢時，不能手背向外。Don’t

smile

behind

your

hands.不要捂嘴笑。Don’tstandtooclosetoeachotherorputyourhandsontheother’sshoulder.不要距離對方太近或者把手放在對方肩膀上。Don’tcrossyourlegs.不要翹“二郎腿”。2.TheUK英國IfyouinviteBritonsouttodinner,it'sbettertoincludepeoplewiththesamebackgroundandsimilarprofessionallevelinthelist.如果邀請英國人出去用餐，名單中最好包括背景相同、專業(yè)層次相似的人物。Nocigarettesindinner.宴會上不準吸煙。Nofoodmadefromanimalblood.忌食動物血類食物。Don'tputyourelbowsonthetable.不要將肘部放在餐桌上。BusinessdiningtaboosintheUK2.TheUK英國Talkabouttheweatherandsports.可以談?wù)撎鞖夂瓦\動。Usemorepoliteexpressionsandsentencepatterns,suchas"please","thankyou",“Excuseme”,"MayIhavethehonor..."交談中要多用禮貌用語及句式，如“請”，“謝謝”，“抱歉”，"我能榮幸地請您.....?Don’ttalkaboutpersonallifelikefamily,salary,religion,marriageortheBritishmonarchyorpolitics.家庭，收入，宗教，婚姻等個人私事，皇室以及政治等話題都不要談?wù)?。BusinesstalktaboosintheUK2.TheUK英國Gift-givingintheUKBritish

people

usually

don't

exchange

gifts

in

businesssituations.英國人在商務(wù)場合下通常不交換禮物。When

youare

invited

to

an

English

home,

bring

a

smallgifttothe

hostess.當你被邀請到英國人家里做客時，要帶一份小禮物給女主人。You

can

send

flowers,

chocolate,

wine,

champagne

orbooks.可以送鮮花、巧克力、葡萄酒、香檳或者書籍。When

the

host

or

hostess

receives

the

gift,

he

or

she

willoopenit

mmediately.當主人收到禮物時，會馬上打開禮物。Don'tsendtheBritishwhiteliliesorchrysanthemums.不要送白色百合和菊花。Don'tgivesouvenirswiththecompanylogoofthegiver.不要送帶有送禮人公司標記的紀念品。Don’tsendclothes,soapandotheritemsrelatedtoprivatelife.不要選擇涉及私生活的服飾、香皂之類的物品當作禮物。Don’twrapthegiftwithdarkgreenpaper.不要用墨綠色包裝紙包裝禮物。2.TheUK英國Gift-givingtaboosintheUK2.TheUK英國Don’tsendgiftswith

patterns

of

elephants,

peacocks orowls

or

these

animals’

decorations

orthe

toys.不要送大象、孔雀或貓頭鷹圖案的禮物或者這些動物的裝飾品、玩偶。Gift-givingtaboosintheUK01Profile（國家概況）02BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問候）03BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）04BusinessBanquet（商務(wù)宴請）05BusinessGift-giving（商務(wù)饋贈）3.France法國3.France法國GeographylocatedinthewestoftheEuropeancontinent法國位于歐洲大陸西部thelargestcountryinWesternEurope西歐面積最大的國家01.Profile（國家概況）MajorCities3.France法國Capital:Paris首都：巴黎“flowercapitaloftheworld”“世界花卉之都”othermajorcities：Marseille,Lyon其他主要城市：馬賽、里昂01.Profile（國家概況）3.France法國PopulationRomanCatholicism羅馬天主教Francehasapopulationof58millionpeople,90%ofwhichareFrench.法國大約有5800萬人口，其中90%為法蘭西人。01.Profile（國家概況）Economy3.France法國import&exporttradevolume:the5th進出口貿(mào)易額為世界第五"countryofgrapes"and"countryofcheese"“葡萄之國”“奶酪之國”largestproducerandconsumerofwine全球最大的葡萄酒生產(chǎn)國和消費國01.Profile（國家概況）3.France法國02.BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問候）InFrance,amancouldbecalledMonsieurandawoman

Madame.在法國，稱呼男士為Monsieur

，稱呼女士為Madame。2.InFrance,peopleusuallygreeteachotherbyshakinghands.Youcangentlyholdeachother'shandsandshakethemafew

times.在法國，人們見面時的問候方式通常是握手?？梢暂p輕地握住對方的受，晃動幾下就可以了。3.Family,friendsorfamiliarcolleagueskisseachotheronthecheek.家人，朋友或熟悉的同事見面會親吻雙頰。3.France法國03.BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）1.InFrance,appointmentforbusinessnegotiationsmustbemadeinadvance,andmakesuretoattendontime.在法國，商務(wù)談判一定要提前預(yù)約，并努力做到準時。2.Frenchpeoplehaveastrongsenseofnationalpride.ItisbetterfornegotiatorstomasterFrench,orhaveaFrenchtranslatorparticipateinthenegotiation.法國人有很強的民族自豪感。談判代表最好精通法語，或者請一名法語翻譯參與到談判中。Frenchareoftenlessinterestedinnewideasandnewproducts.Inthiscase,youshouldkeepcalmandpoliteandexplainthevalueoftheideaorproducttothem.法國人往往表現(xiàn)出對新觀念、新產(chǎn)品不接受的態(tài)度。對此，你應(yīng)該保持冷靜和禮貌，向?qū)Ψ秸f明想法或產(chǎn)品的價值。3.France法國ForFrenchpeople,verbalagreementsarenotbinding.對于法國人，口頭協(xié)議沒有約束力。03.BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）Frenchseldommakedecisionsduringthemeeting;insteadtheyprefertoconductthoroughanddetailedanalysisoneveryaspectafterthenegotiation,whichoftentakesalongtime.Sodon'tpushthemtomakeadecision.法國人很少在會議中做出決定，而是在談判后對每個方面進行透徹詳細的分析與討論，這往往要花費很長時間。因此不要催促對方做決定。3.France法國03.BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）FortheFrench,dinnerisagoodtimetoenjoyfoodandwine.YoucantalkaboutFrenchculture,traditionandpoliticsatthistime,butdon'ttalkabout

business.對法國人來說,晚餐是一種享受美食、美酒的好時機,可以在這個時候

跟法國人聊聊法國的文化、傳統(tǒng)和政治，但是不要在這時談生意。3.France法國CookingisconsideredasanartinFrance,soFrenchpayspecialattentiontotablemanners.在法國，烹飪是一種藝術(shù)，因此法國人特別注重餐桌禮儀。04.BusinessBanquet（商務(wù)宴請）IfyouareinvitedtoaFrenchfamily,youcantakeflowersandexquisitechocolates.如果你被邀請去法國人家中做客，可以為主人送上鮮花，精美的巧克力。Guestsdon'thavetobringwine,becausehostsusuallyliketochoosetheirown.客人不必帶酒，因為主人通常喜歡自己選擇酒。Afterthedinner,youcanwriteathank-youlettertothehostthenextday,orsendflowersorfruitbasketstoexpressyourgratitude.參加完晚宴后，可以在第二天給主人寫一封感謝信，或者送上鮮花或水果籃表示感謝。3.France法國05.BusinessGift-giving（商務(wù)饋贈）01Profile（國家概況）02BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問候）03BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）04BusinessBanquet（商務(wù)宴請）05BusinessGift-giving（商務(wù)饋贈）4.Germany德國

4.Germany德國

GeographylocatedinthemiddleofEurope德國位于歐洲中部alargelytemperateseasonalclimate溫和的海洋性氣候Capital：Berlinothermajor首都為柏林Cities：Munich,CologneandFrankfurt

慕尼黑、科隆、法蘭克福等01.Profile（國家概況）totheeastoftheAtlanticOcean大西洋東部MajorCities4.Germany德國

Germanyhasapopulationofmorethan80million,mainlyGermanethnicity.

德國人口約有8000多萬，主要民族為德意志人。Christian基督教two-thirds—Protestant三分之二信奉新教01.Profile（國家概況）

one-third—Catholic三分之一信奉天主教PopulationReligion4.Germany德國

02.BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問候）InGermany,amancouldbecalledHerrandawoman

Frau.在德國，稱呼男士為Herr，稱呼女士為Frau.2.Germanpeopleshakehandswhentheymeetorsaygoodbye.德國人在見面和告別時都可能握手。3.Indailylife,relativesandfriendscankissonthecheekwhentheygreeteachother.Butinbusinesssituation,peopleusuallyshakehandsinsteadofkissing.日常生活中，親們朋友相互問候時可以親吻臉頰。但商業(yè)場合中，通常以握手問候，而不是親吻。4.Germany德國

03.BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）Germansareverypunctual,soyou’dbetternotbelateforthemeeting.Andit'sbettertoarrivein

advance.德國人非常守時，因此參加會議時千萬不能遲到。最好提前到達會場。MostseniormanagerscanspeakEnglish.EitherGermanorEnglishcanbeusedinbusiness

negotiation.大多數(shù)高級管理人員都能進行英語會話。商務(wù)談判中可以使用德語也可以使用英語。4.Germany德國

03.BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）3.Germansareseriousandefficient.Thedetailedproceduresofthemeetingareoftenformulatedaccuratelyandindetail,andthenstrictlyfollowed.德國人嚴肅認真，講究效率。往往會把會議的細節(jié)程序精確而詳細地制定出來，并且嚴格地遵循。4.Germanspreferanalyticalthinkingandrationalexplanation.Inbusinessnegotiation,makesuretoprovidesolidfactstosupportyourargumentinformsofcharts,statistics,etc.德國人傾向于分析思維和理性解釋。在商務(wù)談判中，要注意提供確鑿的事實來支撐你的論點，最好提供圖表、統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)等。4.Germany德國

04.BusinessBanquet（商務(wù)宴請）Germancuisineismostfamousforsausagesand

beer.德國的美食以香腸和啤酒最為著名。Germansusuallyentertainbusinesspartnersinrestaurants.Buttheydon'ttalkaboutbusinessatdinner,theyseeitasagoodtimetobuilda

relationship.德國人一般會在餐館宴請商務(wù)伙伴。但是他們不會在吃飯時談生意，而是把吃飯當成一個建立關(guān)系的好時機。UseWesterntablewareallthe

time.進餐過程中要一直用西餐餐具。4.Germany德國

05.BusinessGift-giving（商務(wù)饋贈）1.InGermany,businesspartnersdonotattachmuchimportancetogifts.Ifyouwanttogivegifts,choosehighqualityandinexpensivesmallgifts,suchaspens,wineandsoon.在德國，商務(wù)伙伴之間不太重視禮品饋贈。如果要贈送禮物，注意選擇質(zhì)量好又不貴的小禮物，如鋼筆、酒等等。2.Whengivingflowers,rememberthatredrosesaresentbycouples,CallaandLilyareusedforfuneral.Thenumberofflowerscannotbe13.送花時要記住，紅玫瑰是情侶間送的，馬蹄蓮和百合是葬禮上用的。花的數(shù)量不能是13。01Profile（國家概況）02BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問候）03BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）04BusinessBanquet（商務(wù)宴請）05BusinessGift-giving（商務(wù)饋贈）5.Spain西班牙atthecrossroadsoftheAtlanticandMediterranean,EuropeandAfrica

地處大西洋和地中海、歐洲和非洲的十字路口the2ndlargestcountryinWesternEuropeandtheEU西歐和歐盟的第二大國家officiallanguage:Spanish

官方語言為西班牙語threeregionalofficiallanguages:Catalan,BasqueandGalician

三種地區(qū)級官方語言：加泰羅尼亞語，巴斯克語和

加利西亞語5.Spain西班牙01.Profile（國家概況）GeographyLanguageamulti-ethniccountry,composedofmorethan20ethnicities

一個多民族國家，由二十多個民族組成friendlyresidents,relaxedlifestyle,attractivefood,energeticnightlifeandworld-famousfolklore友好的居民、輕松的生活方式、誘人的美食、充

滿活力的夜生活5.Spain西班牙apopulationof48million,96%ofwhichareCatholic西班牙有約4800萬人，96%的居民信奉天主教01.Profile（國家概況）PopulationCulture5.Spain西班牙SportsplayanimportantroleinSpanishlife.Spaniardsliketoplayandwatchfootball.Almosteverytownhassomefootballfields.02.BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問候）5.Spain西班牙02.BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問候）BullfightingisquitepopularinSpain.Itisregardedasaspectacleofthecountry,asymbolofcourage,wisdom,graceandwill.5.Spain西班牙03.BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）1.Spaniardsprefertogettoknoweachotherbeforetheystartabusinessrelationship.Anymeetingusuallystartswithadiscussionofgeneraltopicstoconnectwitheachotheratapersonalleveltobuildastrongworkingrelationship.西班牙人更喜歡在開始商業(yè)關(guān)系之前了解對方。任何會議通常都會從討論一般性話題開始，并在個人層面上相互聯(lián)系，以建立穩(wěn)固的工作關(guān)系。2.Inmanycases,socialrelationscanplayaroleofguarantee,orevenreplacethewrittencontract.在很多情況下，社會關(guān)系可以起到擔保作用，甚至可以取代書面合同。5.Spain西班牙03.BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）3.Spaniardsareafraidoflosingface,sotheydon'tadmitthattheyhavedifficultyunderstandinginfrontofothers.Therefore,itisbetterforeachpersontohaveamanuscriptwritteninSpanishduringthenegotiation,whichwillbeveryhelpfulforthemtounderstand.西班牙人害怕丟面子，所以他們不會在他人面前承認自己理解起來有困難。因此在談判中最好每人提供一份用西班牙語寫的文稿，會非常有助于他們理解。5.Spain西班牙04.BusinessBanquet（商務(wù)宴請）InSpain,alotofbusinessagreementisreachedatlunch,anddinnerisoftenforentertainmentorcelebration.在西班牙，許多生意都是在午餐時談成的，晚餐往往是為了娛樂或慶祝。Throughlunchconversation,youcangettoknowyourbusinesspartners.Topicscaninvolvepersonalissues,familiesandsoon.通過午餐談話，你可以了解你的生意伙伴，話題可以涉及個人、家庭等等。05.BusinessGift-giving（商務(wù)饋贈）5.Spain西班牙1.ForSpaniards,giftsareawayofshowingrespect,notbribery.對西班牙人來說，送禮是一種表示尊敬的方式，而不是賄賂。2.Youcanchoosegiftsfromyourowncountryorregion,suchaswine,tieandscarf.送禮物時，可以選擇來自自己國家或地區(qū)的禮品，如酒、領(lǐng)帶和圍巾。3.Ifyoureceiveawrappedgift,youshouldopenitimmediatelyandexpressgratitude.Youcanalsowriteathank-youletterafterwards.如果你收到一個有包裝的禮物，應(yīng)該立即打開并表示感謝，也可以事后給對方寫一封感謝信。6.Portugal葡萄牙01Profile（國家概況）02BusinessGreeting（商務(wù)問候）03BusinessNegotiation（商務(wù)談判）04BusinessBanquet（商務(wù)宴請）05BusinessGift-giving（商務(wù)饋贈）Geography6.Portugal葡萄牙IberianPeninsulainsouthwesternEurope歐洲西南部的伊比利亞半島Northernpart:temperatemarineclimate北部：溫帶海洋性氣候Southernpart:Mediterraneanclimate南部：地中海氣候01.Profile（國家概況）Capital：Lisbon里斯本Officiallanguage：Portuguese官方語言為葡萄牙語Religion：Catholicism宗教：天主教Cuture6.Portugal葡萄牙01.Profile（國家概況）6.Portugal葡萄牙服裝（clothing）鞋（shoes）紡織品（anthropological）紙制品（p