新高考新教材適用2025版高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題一閱讀理解考點(diǎn)分類練三推理判斷題-寫作意圖類

考點(diǎn)分類練(三)推理推斷題——寫作意圖類A(2024山東濰坊高三一模)Thirty-fiveyearsago,withjustoneacreofland,acoupleofseedsandabucketofhope,oneNigerian-bornscientistbeganhismissiontodefeatfamine(饑荒)onhiscontinent.NewsofthedroughtacrossAfricaintheearly1980stroubledNzamujo.EquippedwithamicrobiologyPhDandhisfaith,hetravelledbacktoAfrica.There,hefoundacontinentecologicallyrich,diverseandcapableofproducingfood.Hebelievesdroughtwasn’ttheonlyreasonforwidespreadhunger,andthatsustainabilityhadbeenleftout.Nzamujobegandesigninga“zerowaste”agriculturesystemthatwouldnotonlyincreasefoodsecurity,butalsowouldhelptheenvironmentandcreatejobs.In1985,hestartedhissustainablefarm“Songhai”intheWestAfricancountryofBenin.Nzamujolivesonthefarmandconstantlyupdateshistechniques.HecreditshisdegreesinscienceandengineeringwithSonghai’ssuccess.Buthealsothankshisspiritualandculturalroots,andhisfather—adrivingforceinhislifewhoencouragedhimtopursuehisstudiestothehighestdegreeandtouseSonghaitosharehisknowledge.Songhaihasseveral“eco-literacy”developmentprograms.Theyrangefrom18-monthtrainingcoursesforfarmer-enterprisers,toshorterstaystolearntechniqueslikeweeding.PeoplecomefromallovertheworldtostudyNzamujo’smethods.Afterseeingsuccessonhisfirstzerowastefarm,heexpandedthroughoutBeninandwesternAfrica.Today,theSonghaimodelisappliedacrossthecontinent,includingNigeria,Uganda,SierraLeoneandLiberia.Nzamujosaysthey’vetrainedmorethan7,000farmer-enterprisersandmorethan30,000peopleintotalsinceitbegan.Nzamujobelieveszerowasteagricultureisnowsteadilytacklingtheissueshesetouttodefeat:hunger,unemploymentandenvironmentaldeclines.Andhewantstoseeitgofurther.1.WhichfactorrelatedtofaminewasunnoticedinNzamujo’seyes?A.Poorsoil.B.Watershortage.C.Lackofresources.D.Sustainability.2.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A.Introduceasolution.B.Giveexamplestothereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.3.HowdoesSonghaihelptoeasetheproblemoffamine?A.Byofferingland.B.Bytradingseeds.C.Byeducatingfarmers.D.Bysellingtechnology.4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesNzamujo?A.Criticalandcareful.B.Learnedandresponsible.C.Optimisticandgenerous.D.Considerateandambitious.BSculptedbywindandwaterovermillionsofyears,theremotecanyons(峽谷)andplateaus(高原)ofsoutheasternUtahwereamongthelastpartsoftheAmericanWesttobeseenbytravelersfromtheEast.Today,thatrockylandscapeishometosomeofthemostpopularnationalparksinthecountry.You’llneedseveraldaystotakeinallofthenaturalwonders,startingwiththeredrocklandscapeofdeepopeninggardensatZionNationalPark.Theviewsheremaymakeyoufeelasifyou’reflying,especiallyatAngelsLanding,whichstands1,488feetabovetheVirginRiver.Heading75milesnorthwestalong89AtoBryceCanyonNationalPark,you’llseethehigh-risingorangerockformations,calledhoodoos,longbeforeyouarriveattheparkgates.Nextup,theredsandstoneofCapitolReefNationalPark,100milestothenortheast,resemblesthelookoftheRedPlanet.Roll130milesnorthforanotherotherworldlysight:ArchesNationalPark’smorethan2,000dazzling(紛繁蕪雜的)stonearches,thelargestcollectionofnaturalarchesintheworld.Finally,driveontotheremotecanyonscarvedbytheColoradoandGreenRiversatneighboringCanyonlandsNationalPark.Thevastwildernessareaofferscrowd-freeexperiencesinitsremotereachesthatwillmakeyoufeelasifyou’reallalonewiththesespellbinding(迷人的)landscapes.5.Inwhichparkcanyouseethehoodoos?A.ZionNationalPark.B.BryceCanyonNationalPark.C.ArchesNationalPark.D.CanyonlandsNationalPark.6.WhydoesCapitolReefNationalParklookliketheRedPlanet?A.Itgivestouristsafeelingofflying.B.Ithasopeninggardens.C.Ithasdazzlinghoodoos.D.Ithasredsandstone.7.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?A.Wonderfulsceneryisalwaysfarfromcities.B.Youwillfindalmostnoothertravelerscomehere.C.CanyonlandsNationalParkisaveryvastpark.D.Youwilldiscoverthereallandscapeswhenalone.8.Whatcanbethepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A.Tointroducetheamazinglandscapestotourists.B.Toexplainthegeographicformation.C.TotellhistravelingexperienceinUtah.D.Tosinghighpraiseofthenaturalbeauty.C(2024廣東茂名二模)Usingthepowerofartificialintelligence(AI),scientistshaverevealednewinsightsintothecreationanddestructionofmassextinction.Contrarytoconventionalknowledge,theirstudysuggeststhatlargerextinctionisnotalwaysaformof“creativedestruction”thatallowsneworganisms(生物體)toradiateandevolve.Instead,itsuggeststhatmassextinctionisrarelyassociatedwithnewspeciesofradiation.Dr.HoyalCuthill,theleadstudyauthorfromtheUniversityofEssexintheUKandtheTokyoInstituteofTechnology,saidinastatement,“Someofthemostchallengingthingstounderstandthehistoryoflifearethevasttimelinesinvolvedandthenumberofspecies.Newmachinelearningapplicationscanhelpusunderstandthisinformationinhuman-readableform.Thismeansthatwecan,sotospeak,holdtheevolutionofhalfabillionyearsinthepalmofourhandandgainnewinsightsfromwhatwesee.”Theyconcludedthatmassextinctionandlaterradiationwerenotconnectedaspreviouslythought.Within5percentofthemostsignificantperiodsofdisruption(中斷),AIdetected“bigfive”massextinction,seventimesofmoremassextinction,twomassextinction-radiationevents,and15timesofmassradiation.Mostimportantly,itdiscoversthatmassiveradiationandextinctionrarelyoccurwitheachother,changingtheviewthatgreaterextinctionleadstoakindofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationofnature.Itappearsthatlargerextinctioniscertainlynottheengineofevolutionaryradiation.TaketheCambrianeruptionforexampleanditwasabout41millionyearsagowhenalargegroupofanimalsfirstappearedontherecordofthefirstfossilrecordandthedawnofahighmobileanimalequippedwithmodernphysicalfeatures.Thisnewstudyfoundthatahandfulofothernotableexplosionsofbiodiversity,includingtheCambrianeruption,usuallyoccurredatatimewhentheywerelargelyisolated(隔離)fromextinction.Dr.NicholasGuttenberg,astudyco-authorfromtheTokyoInstituteofTechnologyexplained,“Ecosystemsaredynamicandyoudon’tneedanythingtoexisttoallowsomethingnewtoappear.”9.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphserveas?A.Anexplanationofartificialintelligence.B.Abackgroundofresearchers’study.C.Thereasonsforcreativedestruction.D.Theresultofresearchers’newstudy.10.WhatcanweinferfromDr.HoyalCuthill’swords?A.AIcontributesalottothestudyofevolution.B.Understandingthehistoryoflifeisverydifficult.C.NewAImachineslearnapplicationsbetter.D.Theresultofresearchers’newstudy.11.Whatistheresearchers’discovery?A.Massextinctionisunlikelytocauseevolutionaryradiation.B.Thefirstanimalwithmodernfeaturesoccurredduringeruption.C.Thevolcaniceruptionledtoamassextinctionandradiation.D.Theideaofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationhasturnedouttrue.12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Newprocessesofbiologicalevolution.B.Newviewofradiationfromnaturalspecies.C.Newunderstandingofmassextinction.D.Newoutbreaksofbiologicalpopulations.

考點(diǎn)分類練(三)推理推斷題——寫作意圖類【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了尼日利亞籍科學(xué)家Nzamujo建立可持續(xù)發(fā)展的農(nóng)場,并在非洲其他地方加以推廣,旨在解決饑荒、就業(yè)和環(huán)境問題。1.D解析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中“Hebelievesdroughtwasn’ttheonlyreasonforwidespreadhunger,andthatsustainabilityhadbeenleftout(他認(rèn)為干旱不是造成饑荒的唯一緣由,可持續(xù)性方面明顯被忽視了).”可知,答案為D項(xiàng)Sustainability(可持續(xù)性)。2.A解析:推理推斷題。由第三段內(nèi)容可知,科學(xué)家Nzamujo設(shè)計(jì)了一種零奢侈的農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)不僅增加糧食平安,而且有助于環(huán)境的改善,同時(shí)能增加就業(yè),并在1985年,在西非貝寧這個(gè)國家創(chuàng)辦了可持續(xù)發(fā)展農(nóng)場,由此可推知,該段主要在介紹一種解決方法,故選A項(xiàng)。3.C解析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“touseSonghaitosharehisknowledge”以及第五段中的“Songhaihasseveral‘eco-literacy’developmentprograms.Theyrangefrom18-monthtrainingcoursesforfarmer-enterprisers,toshorterstaystolearntechniqueslikeweeding.”可知,Songhai主要是通過教化的方式來解決饑荒問題,故選C項(xiàng)。4.B解析:推理推斷題。由第一段中的“beganhismissiontodefeatfamineonhiscontinent”以及其次段中的“EquippedwithamicrobiologyPhDandhisfaith,hetravelledbacktoAfrica.”可推知,Nzamujo既有學(xué)識,又有擔(dān)當(dāng),故選B項(xiàng)。【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國西部猶他州地質(zhì)公園的奇麗風(fēng)景,在這里你不僅可以觀賞到類似火星的地質(zhì)巖層,還能看到別具特色的拱形石門。5.B解析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句中的“...along89AtoBryceCanyonNationalPark,you’llseethehigh-risingorangerockformations,calledhoodoos...”可知,沿著89A馬路,到達(dá)布萊斯峽谷國家公園后,你會發(fā)覺高聳的橙色的巖層,稱為巖柱。也就是說巖柱在布萊斯峽谷國家公園,故選B項(xiàng)。6.D解析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“Nextup,theredsandstoneofCapitolReefNationalPark,100milestothenortheast,resemblesthelookoftheRedPlanet.”可知,圓頂礁國家公園的紅色砂巖在東北方向100英里處,特別像紅色星球的外觀,故選D項(xiàng)。文章中的resembles與題干中的looklike同義。7.B解析:推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段其次句中的“...asifyou’reallalonew