（高考英語(yǔ)作文煉句）第37篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.盡管年輕人偶爾換工作是有益的,過(guò)多的跳槽卻有損他們的就業(yè)能力,以及會(huì)干擾他們的生活.Althoughtheoccasionalchangeofjobmaybeofbenefittoyoungpeople,

rampantjob-hopping

(1.過(guò)多的跳槽)islikelytohindertheir

employability(2.就業(yè)能力)anddisrupttheirlives.

1-rampantjob-hopping

詞典釋義：rampant['r?m.p?nt]

adjective

INCREASING

增加的

■(ofsomethingbad)gettingworsequicklyandinan

uncontrolledway

(不好的事情)猖獗的,泛濫的?rampantcorruption腐敗猖獗?Rampantinflationmeansthatourwageincreasessoonbecomeworthnothing.通貨膨脹漲個(gè)不停,這意味著我們?cè)鲩L(zhǎng)的工資很快就一錢(qián)不值了.?Hesaidthathehadencountered

rampant

prejudice

inhisattemptstogetajob.他說(shuō)他在找工作時(shí),四處遭受歧視.?Diseaseis

rampant

intheovercrowdedcity.疾病在過(guò)分擁擠的城市中肆虐.

job-hopping

n.Informal

(名詞)【非正式用語(yǔ)】Thepracticeofchangingjobsfrequently,

especiallyasameansofquickfinancialgainorcareeradvancement.頻繁更換職業(yè)：頻繁更換職業(yè)的行為,尤指為了獲得近期經(jīng)濟(jì)利益或事業(yè)發(fā)展而頻繁更換職業(yè)的做法

外刊例句：Corruptionis

rampant,

andtariffsarehigh.

()腐敗現(xiàn)象猖獗,關(guān)稅居高不下.

替換表達(dá)：frequentjob-hopping/changingjobstoooften

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

Toomany

job-hopping點(diǎn)評(píng)：job-hopping是不可數(shù)名詞,這里應(yīng)該改為toomuchjob-hopping

2-employability

詞典釋義：Nounemployability

(usually

\o"Appendix：Glossary"uncountable,

plural

\o"employabilities"employabilities)(\o"Appendix：Glossary"uncountable)

Thestateorqualityofbeing

\o"employable"employable(\o"Appendix：Glossary"countable)

Theproductorresultofbeing

\o"employable"employable

外刊例句：Thedebatearound

employability

andskillsisimportant,butwemustnotlosesightofthecriticaland

theoreticaltalentuniversitiesarealsorequiredtodeliver,saysDavid

Docherty.

()大衛(wèi)·多切爾迪稱(chēng),圍繞著就業(yè)能力和工作技能的討論固然重要,但我們可不能忽視了另一點(diǎn)——大學(xué)同樣需要培育出富有批判思維和豐富理論知識(shí)的人才.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

employment

ability點(diǎn)評(píng)：沒(méi)有employment

ability的說(shuō)法,應(yīng)該改為employability

Q：老師,這里的job前面為什么沒(méi)有a呀?它不是可數(shù)嗎?theoccasionalchangeofjobA：changeofjob是一個(gè)固定說(shuō)法,例如《衛(wèi)報(bào)》句子：Ittookmeanotherthreeyears,

achangeofjob

toanevenbiggerAmericaninvestmentmanagement

houseandtheglobalfinancialcrisistorealisethatIdidn'twantthis

lifestyleanymore.這個(gè)表達(dá)可以記住.

2.每次換工作,年輕人可能都要重新適應(yīng)新的工作時(shí)間、不同的上班路線(xiàn),或許還有不同的著裝規(guī)范.在兩份工作中間的待業(yè)期也會(huì)使年輕人遭受不穩(wěn)定的收入以及不知道何時(shí)能領(lǐng)下一份薪水的心理壓力.Witheverychangeofemployment,youngpeoplemayhavetoadjusttonewworkinghours,adifferent

commutingroute(1.上班路線(xiàn)),andpossiblyadifferent

dresscode(2.著裝規(guī)范).

Unemployedintervalsbetweenjobs

(3.兩份工作中間的待業(yè)期)couldalsocauseyoungpeopletosufferfromanunstableincomeaswellasthepsychologicalstressofnotknowingwhentheywillreceivetheirnextpaycheck.

1-commutingroute

詞典釋義：commute[k?'mju：t]

verb

TRAVEL

旅行

intransitive

■tomakethesamejourneyregularlybetweenworkandhome

上下班往返;往返于工作地點(diǎn)與家之間;通勤?It'sexhausting

commuting

from

Brighton

to

Londoneveryday.每天上下班要往返于布萊頓與倫敦之間,令人疲憊不堪.

routeUK

[ru：t]

US

[ru：t/

UK

[ra?t]

noun

countable

ESSENTIAL

■aparticularwayordirectionbetweenplaces

路線(xiàn);路途;航線(xiàn)?The

route

wehadplannedtookusrightacross

Greece.我們計(jì)劃走的路線(xiàn)正好穿過(guò)希臘.?Ilive

on

abus

route

soIcaneasilygetto

work.我的住處有一條公共汽車(chē)路線(xiàn),所以上班很方便.

外刊例句：Orthe￡4,500(includingtube)whippedofftravellersfrom

Harlow,Essex,intoLondon–just27miles–which,permile,isthemost

expensive

commutingroute

in

Britain.

()另外,旅行者從哈羅鎮(zhèn)和埃塞克斯區(qū)到倫敦,這短短的27英里竟要花4500英鎊(包括地鐵費(fèi)用),就每公里的花費(fèi)而言,這可謂是英國(guó)最昂貴的上班路線(xiàn).

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

work

route/workingroute點(diǎn)評(píng)：應(yīng)該改為固定說(shuō)法commuting

route

2-dresscode

詞典釋義：dresscode

noun

countableusuallysingular

UKanacceptedwayof

dressingforaparticularoccasionorinaparticularsocialgroup

衣著規(guī)范,穿著要求?Mosteveningsthere'sapartyandthedresscodeisstrict

-blacktieonly.晚上大多都有派對(duì),而且穿著要求很?chē)?yán)格——必須穿晚禮服.■US

■asetofrulesforwhatyoucanwear

穿著規(guī)定?Myschoolhadaverystrictdresscode.我學(xué)校的穿著規(guī)定非常嚴(yán)格.

外刊例句：The

strict

dresscode

doesn’tmean

thereisnoroomforpersonalexpressionorfashion.()嚴(yán)厲的著裝要求并不意味著無(wú)法表達(dá)個(gè)人風(fēng)格或難以追求時(shí)尚.

3-unemployedintervalsbetweenjobs

詞典釋義：intervalUK

['?n.t?.v?l]

US

[-t??-]

noun

countable

SPACE

空間

■aperiodbetweentwoeventsortimes,orthespace

betweentwopoints

間隔;間距?Weseeeachotherat

regular

intervals

-

usuallyaboutonceamonth.我們定期見(jiàn)面——通常大約是每月一次.?There'softenalong

interval

between

an

authorcompletingabookanditappearingintheshops.從作者完成一本書(shū)到它出現(xiàn)在書(shū)店里常常有一段較長(zhǎng)的間隔.

unemployed

[??n.?m'pl??d]

adjective

IMPROVER

■nothavingajobthatprovidesmoney

失業(yè)的;待業(yè)的?He'sbeen

unemployed

foroverayear.他失業(yè)一年多了.

外刊例句：Itproperlyfilledtheinevitable

intervalsbetween

coursesingrandhouseholds,when,aswithan

after-dinnerspeech,peoplelistenedtowhatwasonoffer.()它能很好地填補(bǔ)大家族聚餐時(shí)用餐前不可避免的間隔,這時(shí)人們剛于餐桌上聊完天,正耐心傾聽(tīng)有什么菜肴供應(yīng).

可供替換的表達(dá)：theperiodofunemploymentbetweenjobs

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

job-waiting

time點(diǎn)評(píng)：job-waitingtime這一說(shuō)法很少見(jiàn),可以改為unemployedintervalsbetweenjobs

Unemployedintervalsbetweenjobscouldalsocauseyoung

peopletosufferfromanunstableincomeaswellasthepsychologicalstress

ofnotknowingwhentheywillreceivetheirnextpaycheck.

[分析]本句的主干是Unemployedintervals

betweenjobscouldalsocauseyoungpeopletosuffer,主語(yǔ)是Unemployedintervalsbetweenjobs,謂語(yǔ)是could

alsocause,賓語(yǔ)是youngpeople,后面的部分是一個(gè)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),介詞from之后是由aswellas連接的并列名詞短語(yǔ)anunstableincome和thepsychologicalstress

ofnotknowingwhentheywillreceivetheirnextpaycheck,共同作from的賓語(yǔ),在第二個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)中,名詞性從句whentheywill

receivetheirnextpaycheck作knowing的賓語(yǔ).

3.盡管大多數(shù)人一生當(dāng)中會(huì)從事幾份工作,但重要的是每一次工作更換都應(yīng)該是理性的.不論是因急功近利還是出于習(xí)慣,連續(xù)跳槽的行為對(duì)年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)是失敗之舉.Whilemostpeoplewillholdseveraljobsduringtheirlifetime,itisimportantthateachjobchangeis

well-reasoned(1.理性的).Whether

inpursuitofshort-termgain

(2.急功近利)ortheresultofhabit,

serial

(3.連續(xù))job-hoppingis

alosingbet

(4.失敗之舉)foryoungpeople.

1-well-reasoned

詞典釋義：reasoned

●○○○○1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

詳盡論述的;理由充分的;有理有據(jù)的

A

reasoned

discussion

orargumentisbasedonsensiblereasons,ratherthanonanappealto

people'semotions.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn

【語(yǔ)用信息】：approval?Abortionisanissuewhichproduceslittle

reasoned

argument.對(duì)墮胎這個(gè)問(wèn)題很少有理智的看法.

外刊例句：Fosteringevidence-basedand

well-reasoned

debateisanantidoteagainstthealarmingincrease

inconstituencieswhobelievethatinterpretationsofthepastcanexist

outsideeitherevidenceorreason.

()越來(lái)越多選民相信歷史的解讀可以無(wú)根無(wú)據(jù),實(shí)在令人擔(dān)憂(yōu),而形成基于事實(shí)的理性辯論將有效緩解這種趨勢(shì).

替換表達(dá)：rational/reasonable

2-short-termgain

詞典釋義：short-term

●●●○○1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

短期的;近期的

Short-term

isused

todescribethingsthatwilllastforashorttime,orthingsthatwillhave

aneffectsoonratherthaninthedistantfuture.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn?Investorsweren'tconcernedabout

short-term

profitsoverthenextfewyears...投資者對(duì)未來(lái)幾年里的短期收益并不感興趣.?Thisisacynicalmanipulationofthesituationfor

short-term

politicalgain...這是為了獲取短期政治利益而損人利己地對(duì)局勢(shì)進(jìn)行操縱.

?Thecompanyhas90staff,almostallon

short-term

contracts...公司有90名員工,幾乎全是簽的短期合同.?The

short-term

outlookforemploymentremainsgloomy...近期的就業(yè)前景依然暗淡.?Thereisnoeasy

short-term

solutiontoBritain'seconomicmalaise.沒(méi)有什么辦法在短期內(nèi)就可以輕易解決英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題.

gain[ge?n]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

SOMETHING

OBTAINED

得到東西

IMPROVER

■whenyouget

somethingusefulorpositive

獲得,得到;收益,獲利

?Whatevertheobjectionstothissortoftreatment,the

gains

intermsofthenumberoflivessavedaresubstantial.不管對(duì)這種療法存在何種異議,就其挽救了眾多生命這一點(diǎn)而言,它的意義還是重大的.?Theministerwassackedforabusingpowerforhis

personal

gain.部長(zhǎng)因?yàn)E用權(quán)力謀取私利而被解雇.

外刊例句：Docriminalstrade

short-term

gain

forlong-termpain?Economistshavelongsuspectedthatthosewho

commitcrimesplacelessvalueonthefuturethanlaw-abidingcitizens.

()罪犯是在用長(zhǎng)期痛苦換去一時(shí)享樂(lè)嗎?經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家一直懷疑：罪犯比起奉公守法的公民更輕視未來(lái).

替換表達(dá)：short-termbenefits

3-serial

詞典釋義：serial2.ADJ

形容詞

連續(xù)的;連環(huán)的

Serial

killingsorattacksareaseriesofkillingsorattackscommitted

bythesameperson.Thispersonisknownasa

serial

killerorattacker.

【搭配模式】：ADJn?...serial

murders...連環(huán)兇殺案

?The

serial

killerclaimedtohavekilled400people.那名連環(huán)殺手聲稱(chēng)已經(jīng)殺了400人.

外刊例句：Accordingtonewresearch,

serial

job-hopping-andevencareer-hopping-isfastbecoming

commonplace.

()最新調(diào)查顯示,連續(xù)換工作,甚至是連續(xù)跨行業(yè)跳槽已經(jīng)快變得習(xí)而為常.

4-alosingbet

詞典釋義：losingadj.(形容詞)1.Failingtowin,asinasportorgame：失敗的：未能獲勝的,如在運(yùn)動(dòng)或比賽中：alosingteam;alosing

lotteryticket.失敗的隊(duì);未中的彩券2.Oforrelatingtoonethatfailstowin：失敗者的：失敗者的或與失敗者相關(guān)的：alosingseason;alosing

battle.失敗的季節(jié);失敗的戰(zhàn)斗

bet[bet]

verb

(betting,bet,

bet)

IMPROVER

intransitive

or

transitive

■toriskmoneyontheresultofaneventoracompetition,

suchasahorserace,inthehopeofwinningmoremoney

打賭;賭博?Heregularlygoestotheracesand

bets

heavily.他常去賭馬,而且都下重注.?She

bet

￡500000

on

the

horsewhichcameinsecond.她在那匹跑了第二名的馬身上,下了50萬(wàn)英鎊的賭注.?[+twoobjects][+(that)]I

bet

you$25

that

I'llgettherebeforeyou.我和你賭25美元,我一定比你早到.

外刊例句：Thisuncertaintyiswhatkeepsmarketsbettingagainstthe

eurozonedespitethenear-universalinsistenceamongEuropeanleadersthat

it'sgoingtobe

alosingbet.()盡管歐盟各國(guó)領(lǐng)袖都幾乎一致認(rèn)為歐元區(qū)將是失敗之舉,這種(市場(chǎng))不確定性仍讓許多商人愿意賭一賭它.

替換表達(dá)：alosingbattle/afailure

Q：Whetheritisbecauseofshort-terminterestoris

becauseofoutofcustom可以省略表達(dá)為Whetheritisbecause

ofshort-terminterestorisoutofcustom嗎,謝謝老師A：可以,但是outofcustom要改為outof

habit

Q：Whetherit'sbecauseofthequickbuckoroutof

habit句中的or可以換成and嗎?A：不可以,whether…or…是一個(gè)固定搭配,不能說(shuō)whether…and…

Q：字典中serial的釋義和例句均和"(重罪案犯或重案)”有關(guān),請(qǐng)問(wèn)老師為什么在這里可以形容跳槽?A：serial除了可以用來(lái)形容罪犯之外,還可以用來(lái)表示"連續(xù)做某事”,例如麥克米倫詞典對(duì)serial有一個(gè)解釋就是：doingsomethingorhappening

severaltimesinthesameway

Q：it'sforquicksuccessoroutofhabit這個(gè)短語(yǔ)中,outofhabit是用單數(shù)好還是復(fù)數(shù)好?A：outofhabit應(yīng)該用單數(shù),例如BBC例句：WhenwesayafootballerlikeMessiactsoninstinct,

outofhabit

orduetohistraining,

wedistancewhattheydofromthatwehearechoingwithinourownheads.

Q：對(duì)于年輕人,用for還是to?A：應(yīng)該說(shuō)foryoungpeople

Q：老師您好,請(qǐng)問(wèn)reasonable和rational是否能用來(lái)表達(dá)

"理性的”呢?A：可以.

Q：這種whether是否需要放在句首,謝謝The

postgraduatestudywhetherisavaluableinvestmentdependsonsomefactorsA：whether需要放句首,句子要改為Whetherpostgraduate

studiesareavaluableinvestmentdependsonsomefactors

Whetherinpursuitofshort-termgainortheresultof

habit,serialjob-hoppingisalosingbetforyoungpeople.

[分析]本句的主干是逗號(hào)之后的部分,這是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)是serial

job-hopping,系動(dòng)詞是is,表語(yǔ)是a

losingbet,狀語(yǔ)是foryoungpeople.逗號(hào)之前是由whether…or…引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,表明了一個(gè)選擇范圍.

4.研究生學(xué)習(xí)是否是一項(xiàng)有價(jià)值的投資取決于幾個(gè)因素,包括一個(gè)人的學(xué)術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)、工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)和職業(yè)目標(biāo).為了盡可能減小未來(lái)后悔的可能性,學(xué)生需要認(rèn)真考慮他們的選擇,做出理性決策.Whethergraduatestudiesare

aworthwhileinvestment

(1.有價(jià)值的投資)dependsonseveralfactors,includingone'sacademicmajor,workexperienceandcareergoals.Tominimize

(2.盡可能減小)thepossibilityoffutureregret,studentsshould

weigh

(3.認(rèn)真考慮)theiroptionsandmaketheirchoicerationally.

1-aworthwhileinvestment

詞典釋義：worthwhile

UK

[?w?：θ'wa?l]

US

[?w?：θ-]

adjective

IMPROVER

■useful,importantorgoodenoughtobeasuitablereward

forthemoneyortimespentortheeffortmade

值得的;值得花錢(qián)(或時(shí)間、精力)的?Sheconsidersteachinga

worthwhile

career.她把教書(shū)看成是一項(xiàng)值得從事的事業(yè).?Thetimeandexpenseinvolvedinkeepinguptodatewith

allthechangeshasbeen

worthwhile.為跟上所有這些變動(dòng)而花費(fèi)的時(shí)間和費(fèi)用是值得的.?Ifyouneedhimonthisproject,you'vegotto

make

it

financially

worthwhile

forhim(=youwillhavetopayhima

suitableamountofmoneyfortheamountofworkinvolved).如果你需要他參與這個(gè)專(zhuān)案計(jì)劃,你就要適當(dāng)給他付錢(qián),令他覺(jué)得值得一做.

investment

[?n'vest.m?nt]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

IMPROVER

■theactofputtingmoney,effort,time,etc.into

somethingtomakeaprofitorgetanadvantage,orthemoney,effort,time,

etc.usedtodothis

投資(付諸金錢(qián)、努力、時(shí)間等以求得到利潤(rùn)或取得成就某事的有利條件);投資物,投資額

?Stocksareregardedasgoodlong-term

investments.證券被認(rèn)為是很好的長(zhǎng)期投資產(chǎn)品.?Theaccountrequiresaminimum

investment

of

￡1000.這個(gè)帳戶(hù)最少需要存入1000英鎊.?There'sbeenasignificant

investment

oftimeand

energyinordertomaketheprojectasuccess.為了這個(gè)專(zhuān)案計(jì)劃的成功,已經(jīng)投入了大量的時(shí)間和精力.

外刊例句：The

planistogatheroperatingdataonwhetherrotorsailsare

aworthwhileinvestment.()該計(jì)劃就是手機(jī)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),估量rotorsail是否值得投資.

替換表達(dá)：aprofitable/sound/valuableinvestment

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

avaluable

investigation點(diǎn)評(píng)：investigation是指"調(diào)查,偵察”,不能與investment混淆.(2)

avaluable

investments點(diǎn)評(píng)：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)搭配錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)該改為a

valuableinvestment(3)

avaluable

invest點(diǎn)評(píng)：invest是動(dòng)詞,這里應(yīng)該改為investment

2-minimize

詞典釋義：minimize(UK

usually

minimise)['m?n.?.ma?z]

verb

transitive

■toreducesomethingtotheleastpossibleleveloramount

使降到最低限度;使減到最少?Wemust

minimize

theriskof

infectio