（高考英語作文煉句）第45篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.大學生應該盡量做到定時運動并且保持一個健康的生活方式.參加有氧健身課程,利用校園里的健身中心以及慢跑都是宣泄負面情緒的幾個簡單而有效的方法.Collegestudentsshouldtrytoexerciseregularlyandmaintainahealthylifestyle.Attending

aerobicsclasses(1.有氧健身課程),usingthecampusfitnesscenterandjoggingareafewsimpleandeffectivewaysto

ventnegativeemotions(2.宣泄負面情緒).

1-aerobicsclasses

詞典釋義：aerobicsUK

[e?'r??.b?ks]

US

[er'o?-]

noun

uncountable

■energeticphysicalexercises,oftenperformedwithagroupofpeopletomusic,whichmaketheheart,lungsandmusclesstrongerandincreasetheamountofoxygenintheblood

有氧健身法;有氧運動?She

does

aerobics.她做有氧健身操.?Igoto

aerobics

(=toaclasswherewearetaughtsuchexercises)onceaweek.我每周去一次有氧健身操訓練班.?an

aerobics

instructor/teacher有氧健身操教練／導師

外刊例句：Oncethere,believersareledbysacerdotal

instructors,whoeithergoadthemintomassecstasyduring

aerobicsclasses,orpresideoverthe

confessionaltête-à-têteofpersonaltraining.

()到了那里之后,信徒將接受僧侶導師的指引,這些導師會鼓勵信徒在有氧運動中獲得愉悅,或安排信徒進行私下懺悔,作為個人訓練.

2-ventnegativeemotions

詞典釋義：vent[vent]

verb

transitive

■toexpressa

negativeemotioninaforcefulandoftenunfairway

發(fā)泄,表達(負面的情緒)?Pleasedon'tshout-there'snoneedto

you’reyourfrustration/anger/rage/spleenon

me.請不要大吵大鬧——沒有必要把氣撒在我身上.

negativeUK

['neg.?.t?v]

US

[-t??v]

adjective

WITHOUTHOPE

沒有希望

IMPROVER

■nothopeful,or

likelytoconsideronlythebadsideofasituation

負面的,消極的?a

negative

attitude消極態(tài)度?You'reso

negative

abouteverything!

你對任何事情都如此消極!

外刊例句：Thisideaof

ventingnegativeemotions

throughphysicallyintenseperformance

isarecurringtheme–VietCongsaytheydon’tfeelliketheyhavehada

goodshowunlesstheywakeupsorethenextday.

()通過高強度體力運動來宣泄負面情緒是種反復提及的見解——越共稱,他們得第二天起來時感到全身酸痛,才會覺得自己今天心情愉快.

替換表達：release/express/giveventtonegativeemotions,

2.學生應該盡量保證有足夠多的休息和睡眠,并且要避免能加劇情緒變化的物質比如像咖啡因和酒精.Studentsshouldtryto

getplentyofrestandsleep(1.得到足夠多的休息和睡眠),andtoavoidsubstanceslike

caffeine

(2.咖啡因)andalcoholthatcan

exacerbatemoodswings(3.加劇情緒變化).

1-getplentyofrestandsleep

plentyof后跟不可數名詞或可數名詞的復數形式.

詞典釋義：plenty

●●●○○1.QUANT

數量詞

(尤指足夠的或超出需要的)豐富,充足,大量

Ifthere

is

plentyof

something,thereisalargeamountofit.Ifthereare

plentyof

things,therearemanyofthem.

Plenty

isusedespeciallytoindicatethatthereisenoughofsomething,

ormorethanyouneed.

【搭配模式】：QUANTofn-uncount/pl-n?Therewasstill

plentyoftimetotakeJilloutforpizza...還有充裕的時間帶吉爾出去吃比薩餅.

?Mostbusinessesface

plentyofcompetition...大多數企業(yè)面臨著巨大的競爭壓力.?Taking

plenty

ofexercisecanbeofgreatbenefit...多鍛煉會非常有好處.?Arethere

plenty

offreshfruitsandvegetablesinyourdiet?

你的飲食中新鮮果蔬充足嗎?

外刊例句：Previouslypatientswerewokenearlyinthe

morningtobewashed,butnowtheyarewashedintheeveningtohelpaid

restandsleep.

()病人之前一大早就得起來接受清洗,而現在他們晚上就能接受清洗,從而休息得更好.

替換表達：getenough/adequaterestandsleep

2-caffeine

詞典釋義：caffeine

caf·feine/

?k??fin

;

?k?fi?n

/nounU

1.asubstanceintea,coffee,andsomeotherdrinksthatmakesyoufeelmore

active咖啡因,咖啡堿;

?decaffeinated：?Avoidcaffeine

(=drinkswithcaffeine)beforebedtime.睡覺前不要喝含有咖啡因的飲料.?acaffeine-free

cola不含咖啡因的可樂

外刊例句：SanFranciscohassuedMonsterBeverage,a

Californianfirm,formarketinghigh-caffeine

drinkstochildren.

()三藩市起訴了一家位于加利福利亞州的公司MonsterBeverage,控告它向兒童售賣高咖啡因含量飲料.

3-exacerbatemoodswings

詞典釋義：exacerbate

●○○○○1.VERB

動詞

使惡化;使加劇

Ifsomething

exacerbates

a

problemorbadsituation,itmakesitworse.?MrPowell-Taylorsaysthatdepopulation

exacerbatestheproblem...鮑威爾-泰勒先生說人口的急劇減少使得該問題更加嚴重.?Longstandingpovertyhasbeen

exacerbatedbyracialdivisions.種族分化已經加劇了長期的貧困問題.

moodswing

noun

Etymology：

mood

(I)

：

amarkedchangeinmoodespeciallytoelationordepression(asin

cyclothymia)

<certain

personalitycharacteristics

…

suchas

moodswings,

paranoidfeaturesandself-punishment

drives

—

E.F.Kerman>

外刊例句：Thedroughtisbecomingsomethingofaeurekamoment,

akintoAmerica's

moodswing

in

thewakeofHurricaneKatrinain2005.

()這次干旱正變得像是"靈關一閃”時刻,宛如美國在2005年卡瑞娜臺風襲擊時的變臉一般.

替換表達：exacerbatemood/emotionalchanges

Q：Studentsshouldtrytoget

plentyofrestandsleep,andtoavoidsubstanceslikecaffeineandalcohol

thatcanexacerbatemoodswings.這句話中avoid前面的to是否可以省略呢?avoid前面加to和不加to有什么區(qū)別?A：這句話還原后相當于Studentsshouldtry

togetplentyofrestandsleep,and(try)toavoidsubstanceslikecaffeine

andalcohol…如果to也是可以的,相當于Students

shouldtrytogetplentyofrestandsleep,and(should)avoidsubstances

likecaffeineandalcohol…

3.大學能夠采取的減少學生自殺發(fā)生的第一步就是提高學生對心理健康和抑郁癥的意識.大學可以在學校網站上提供心理健康信息,給新生發(fā)放教育手冊,并且提供免費的學術研討課來幫助消除對于精神疾病的錯誤認識以及鼓勵學生討論他們的問題.Thefirststepthatcollegescantaketoreducetheoccurrenceof

studentsuicide

(1.減少學生自殺)istoenhanceawarenessofmentalhealthanddepression.Universitiescanmakementalhealthinformationavailableontheirwebsites,issue

educationalpamphlets

(2.教育手冊)tonewstudents,andofferfree

seminars(3.學術研討課)tohelp

dispelmythsabout

(4.消除對于……的錯誤認識)emotionaldisordersandencouragestudentstodiscusstheirproblems.1-reducetheoccurrenceofstudentsuicide

詞典釋義：occurrence

●○○○○1.N-COUNT

可數名詞

發(fā)生的事情;事件

An

occurrence

issomethingthathappens.?Complaintsseemedtobeaneveryday

occurrence...似乎每天都有投訴.?Thefoodqueueshavebecomeadaily

occurrence

acrossthecountry.排隊購買食品的長龍已成了全國各地每日可見的景象.2.N-COUNT

可數名詞

發(fā)生;出現

Theoccurrenceof

somethingisthefactthatithappensorispresent.?Thegreatest

occurrence

ofcoronaryheartdiseaseisinthoseover65.

65歲以上者是冠心病的最高發(fā)人群.

外刊例句：AndresearchbyWintersandcolleaguesaddsto

theevidence,findingthatbicycle-specificinfrastructurethatreduces

interactionsbetweencyclistsandmotorvehiclescan

reducetheoccurrenceof

injuries,potentiallybymorethan50%.

()溫特斯與其同事做的實驗提供了更多數據,他們發(fā)現,能減少自行車與機動車接觸的自行車特殊基礎設施能減少受傷事故,其效果可能可以減少過半事故發(fā)生.

學生錯誤表達：damaging

themselves點評：表達不夠準確,damaging

themselves是指對他們自身造成了傷害,這里可以改為reducetheoccurrenceof

studentsuicide

2-educationalpamphlets

詞典釋義：

pamphlet['p?m.fl?t]

noun

countable

■athinbookwithonlyafewpageswhichgivesinformation

oranopinionaboutsomething

小冊子

外刊例句：Kano'sADaidaitaSahuprogramme,whichliterally

means"straightenyourrows”,alsoseekswhatitcalls"societal

reorientation”through

educational

pamphlets

andtelevisionprogrammesdealingwithproblemssuchas

pollution,pettycrimeanddrugs.

()卡諾的DaidaitaSahuprogramme("加強系帶項目”),也通過針對諸如環(huán)境污染、小偷小摸和毒品等問題的教育小冊子和電視節(jié)目來追求所謂的"社會再導向.”

學生錯誤表達：an

educationalmanual點評：manual一般指機器的說明書或使用手冊,educationalmanual這一用法不妥,可以改為educational

pamphlets

3-seminars

詞典釋義：seminarUK

['sem.?.nɑ：r]

US

[-nɑ：r]

noun

countable

ADVANCED

■anoccasionwhenateacherorexpertandagroupof

peoplemeettostudyanddiscusssomething

專題討論會;研討會

?I

attended

practicallyeverylectureand

seminar

whenIwasastudent.我上學的時候,幾乎參加了每一場講座和研討會.?I'm

giving

a

seminar

on

thelatest

developmentsingeneticengineeringnextweek.下周我將舉行一個有關遺傳工程最新進展的研討會.?a

seminar

room會議室

外刊例句：Visitorstothisyear'sshowwillhavethe

chancetolearnsomeofthesesecrets,andrevealtheirown,atoneofmore

than80

seminars,withsubjects

rangingfromShakespearefortheearlyyearstoinspiringcreativity.

()今年展會的游客將有機會在超過80個專題研討會中學到這些秘密和袒露其秘密.這些專題研討會的主題從探究莎士比亞的早年生活到鼓勵型創(chuàng)作一應俱全.

替換表達：workshops

學生錯誤表達：(1)free

academicseminar點評：seminar本身已經包含有"學術”的含義了,這里academic可以去掉.(2)discussedcourses點評：沒有discussedcourses的說法,這里應該改為seminar

4-dispelmythsabout

詞典釋義：dispel[d?'spel]

(-ll-)

verb

transitive

■toremovefears,doubtsandfalseideas,usuallyby

provingthemwrongorunnecessary

消除(恐懼);掃除(疑慮);打消(錯誤念頭)

?I'dliketostartthespeechbydispellingafewrumours

thathavebeenspreadingrecently.我想在演講的開頭先澄清一些近期流傳的謠言.

myth[m?θ]

noun

FALSEIDEA

錯誤的看法

ADVANCED

countable+that

disapproving

■acommonlybelievedbutfalseidea

普遍但卻錯誤的看法,無根據的觀念

?Statistics

disprove

the

myth

that

womenareworsedriversthanmen.統(tǒng)計數據證明,女人駕駛技術比男人差的觀念是錯誤的.

外刊例句：MrHardwicksaystheshowhelped

dispelthemyth

thatpodcastswere

"justthisthingyoudidinyourmom’sbasement.”

()哈爾德維克說,該展會能祛除這錯誤觀念：播客就是"在你媽的地下室所干的事情”.

學生錯誤表達：(1)

cancelthemisunderstandingof點評：misunderstanding不能用cancel來修飾,這里可以改為clearup/correctthe

misunderstandingof/aboutsomething(2)correctwrongrealizationof點評：realization是指"意識到,認識到”,例如：IwasshockedbytherealizationofwhatIhaddone.我意識到自己干了什么后大為震驚.這里不能用realization來指錯誤觀念.

Despitesuicidecanhardlydisappearinthe

youngsters錯誤原因：despite不可以單獨用于引導從句,這里應該改為despitethefactthatsuicidecan…;theyoungsters應該改為youngsters,用于泛指"年輕人”.

4.盡管自殺在年輕人中難以根除,但大學有道德上的責任去保護學生不傷害他們自己.為了達到這一點,提高心理健康意識、減輕學術壓力以及提供校園內的心理服務在使陷入麻煩的學生遠離自我毀滅的邊緣這一方面能發(fā)揮很大作用.Althoughtheoccurrenceofsuicideamongyoungpeoplecannotbeeliminated,itisthe

moralobligation

(1.道德上的責任)ofcollegestoprotectstudentsfromharmingthemselves.

Tothisend(2.為了達到這一點),promotingawarenessofmentalhealth,mitigatingacademicpressureandprovidingon-campuspsychiatricservicescangoalongwaytowardssteeringtroubledstudentsawayfrom

(3.使陷入麻煩的學生遠離……)thebrinkof

self-destruction(4.自我毀滅).

1-moralobligation

詞典釋義：moralUK

['m?r.?l]

US

['m?：r-]

adjective

ESSENTIAL

■relatingtothestandardsofgoodorbadbehaviour,

fairness,honesty,etc.whicheachpersonbelievesin,ratherthantolaws

道德的?It'sher

moral

obligation

totellthepolice

whatsheknows.她把所知道的事告訴警方是道義上的責任.?Itisnotpartofanovelist'sjobtomakea

moral

judgment.小說家并不需要作道德上的批判.?Shewastheonlypoliticiantocondemntheproposedlawon

moral

grounds(=for

moral

reasons).她是唯一一個從道德角度,對提議施行的法律作出譴責的政治家.?TheDemocratsareattemptingto

capturethe

moral

highground

(=aretryingtoappearmorehonestandgoodthanthe

otherpoliticalparties).民主黨試圖顯出在道義上占優(yōu)勢.

obligation

UK

[??b.l?'ge?.??n]

US

[?ɑ：.bl?-]

noun

ADVANCED

countable

or

uncountable

■whenyouareobligedtodosomething

義務;責任;職責?[+

to

infinitive]Ifyouhavenotsigneda

contract,youare

under

no

obligation

to

(=itisnot

necessaryto)paythemanymoney.如果你沒有簽合同,你就沒有義務付給他們錢.?Youhavea

legal

obligation

to

(=The

lawsaysyoumust)ensureyourchildreceivesapropereducation.法律規(guī)定你有義務確保自己的孩子接受合理的教育.

外刊例句：Weareallforgoodscreeningandchecking

everybody,butattheendofthedaywehavea

moralobligation

tohelpeachother.

()我們都擅長于監(jiān)控他人,但我們最終在道德上都有義務去互相幫助.

替換表達：moralresponsibility

2-tothisend

詞典釋義：tothisend

formal

phrase

in

ordertoachieveaparticularaim

Hewantedtodiscusshisposition,andarrangedameeting

tothisend.

外刊例句：

Tothisend,

manyhopefulrepairmenarenowsettingupshop.

()許多修理工為了達到這一點,現在都開始自己開店了.

替換表達：inpursuanceofthis/toachievethis

3-steeringtroubledstudentsawayfrom

詞典釋義：steer2.

CHANGESB/STH

改變某人/某物,Ttoguidesomeone's

behaviourorthewayasituationdevelops引導,指導〔某人的行為〕：

steersbtowards/awayfrom/through

etcsth?Teacherstryto

steerpupilsawayfromdrugs.教師試圖引導學生遠離毒品.?Helentriedto

steertheconversationawayfromherself.海倫設法把話題從自己身上引開.

troubled['tr?b.ld]

adjective

HAVING

DIFFICULTIES

有麻煩

ADVANCED

■havingproblemsordifficulties

折磨,使有麻煩?Thesurvivalpackageinvolvessellingofftheunprofitable

partsofthe

troubled

company.求生存的一籃子計劃中,包括賣掉這個陷入困境的公司中沒有盈利的部分.?This

troubled

region

hashadmorethanits

fairshareofwarsoverthethecenturies.幾個世紀以來,這個不幸的地區(qū)遭受了太多戰(zhàn)爭的折磨.?Inthese

troubled

times

,itmakesachange

tohearsomegoodnews.在這樣動蕩不安的時代,聽到一些好消息可給人們心中帶來一線轉機.

外刊例句：Thenumberofgraduatesfromelite

universitieschoosingteachingasacareerisdecliningamidindicationsthat

careersofficersmaybe

steering

brightstuden