商務(wù)英語(yǔ)閱讀（第3冊(cè)）（第二版）課件 Unit 4 Business Leardership

商務(wù)英語(yǔ)閱讀3UNIT4BUSINESS

LEADERSHIPLearningObjectivesLearnaboutleadershiptraits.Understandexpectationeffects,placeboeffectsandself-fulfillingprophecies.UnderstandthedifficultiesfacedbyfemaleCEOsandthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemaleCEOsintheirleadershipstyle.CONTENTS01.TextA02.

TextB03.ChineseValuesWhyDeceptionisProbablytheSingleMostImportantLeadershipSkillTextAWarmingup1.Doyouknowanygreatcorporateleaders?Whatdidtheydothatmakesthemgreat?2.Whatcanleadersdotomotivatetheirfollowers?3.Ifyourmanagerliestoyou,whatwouldyouthinkofhim/her?WordsandExpressionsdeceptionn.theactofdeceivingsomeoneorthestateofbeingdeceivedbysomeone欺騙;受騙(CET4;CET6)Headmittedconspiringtoobtainpropertyby

deception.WordsandExpressionsawashadj.Ifaplaceis

awash

with

something,itcontainsalargeamountofit.被充滿的(GRE)Thisisacompanythatisawashwithcash.WordsandExpressionscandor/candourn.thequalityofspeakinghonestlyandopenlyaboutthings坦率;直言不諱(GRE;SAT)Hecoveredawiderangeoftopicswithunusualcandor.WordsandExpressionsfictitiousadj.afictitiouscharacter,thing,oreventoccursinastory,play,orfilmbutneverreallyexistedorhappened虛構(gòu)的(TOFEL;GRE;SAT)Thepersonsandeventsportrayedinthisproductionarefictitious.WordsandExpressionsspurtn.Aspurtofactivity,effort,oremotionisasudden,briefperiodofintenseactivity,effort,oremotion.迸發(fā)(GRE)Theaverageboyof14yearsoldisonlybeginninghisadolescentgrowthspurt.WordsandExpressionsbogusadj.Ifyoudescribesomethingasbogus,youmeanthatitisnotgenuine.假的，偽造的(GRE)Hesaidthesefigureswerebogusandtotallyinaccurate.WordsandExpressionsplacebon.asubstancethathasnophysicaleffects,giventopatientswhodonotneedmedicinebutthinkthattheydo,orusedwhentestingnewdrugs安慰劑，安慰藥(IELTS;GRE)Doesendowmentinsurancereallymattertoeveryone?Orisitjustaplacebo?WordsandExpressionsrunn.Ifthereisarunonsomething,alotofpeoplewanttobuyitorgetitatthesametime.搶購(gòu);爭(zhēng)先獲取(CET4;CET6)Iftherunpersisted,cashreserveswouldbeexhausted.WordsandExpressionsprevaricatevt.Ifyouprevaricate,youavoidgivingadirectanswerormakingafirmdecision.支吾搪塞;閃爍其詞；吞吞吐吐(GRE;SAT)Britishministerscontinuedtoprevaricate.WordsandExpressionsprophecyn.astatementinwhichsomeonesaystheystronglybelievethataparticularthingwillhappen預(yù)言(GRE)Hisprophecyhasnowcometrue.StructuralAnalysisPara.MainTopicsPara.1-2TraditionalviewsonsomeleadershiptraitsPara.3-7ExpectationEffectsPara.8-11PlaceboEffectsPara.12-17Self-fulfillingPropheciesPara.18ConclusionNotesonTextA1.Thekumbayanatureofleadershipadviceshowsthrough.各種關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的看法都具有片面性。Kumbaya，歌名，意為“到這里來(lái)吧”，該表達(dá)源于美國(guó)南部非裔美國(guó)人民謠，這首歌最初頌揚(yáng)人類(lèi)及精神的團(tuán)結(jié)，后多用來(lái)諷刺錯(cuò)誤的道德說(shuō)教和虛偽等。NotesonTextA2.About50yearsago,aHarvardsocialpsychologistandaSanFranciscoschoolprincipalstudiedPygmalioneffectsintheclassroom.約50年前，一位哈佛大學(xué)社會(huì)心理學(xué)家和一位舊金山學(xué)校校長(zhǎng)共同在校園里研究了“皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)”。Pygmalioneffects指“皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)”，又稱(chēng)羅森塔爾效應(yīng)或期待效應(yīng)，指人們基于對(duì)某種情境的知覺(jué)而形成的期望或預(yù)言，進(jìn)而使該情境產(chǎn)生適應(yīng)這一期望或預(yù)言的效應(yīng)。NotesonTextA3.Orperhapsdoctorswanttoimprovetreatmentoutcomesbytappingintotheplaceboeffect.或許醫(yī)生們想要利用安慰劑效應(yīng)來(lái)提升治療效果。placeboeffect表示“安慰劑效應(yīng)”，又名假藥效應(yīng)，指病人雖然獲得無(wú)效的治療，但卻“預(yù)料”或“相信”治療有效，而讓病患癥狀得到舒緩的現(xiàn)象。NotesonTextA4.Sometimes,asIntelco-founderandformerCEOAndyGroveoncetoldaHarvardBusinessSchoolconferenceintheSanFranciscoBayArea,thisrequiresleaderstodisplayconfidencethattheymaynotfeelandtoactasiftheyknowwhattheyaredoingeveniftheydon’t.有時(shí)，就像英特爾聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人兼前首席執(zhí)行官AndyGrove在舊金山灣區(qū)召開(kāi)的哈佛商學(xué)院會(huì)議上所說(shuō)的那樣，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者們即便不自信，也要裝作信心十足，即便迷茫，也要裝作心中有數(shù)。Intel,英特爾公司，成立于1968年，總部位于美國(guó)加州圣克拉拉，創(chuàng)始人為羅伯特·諾伊斯、戈登·摩爾、安迪·格魯夫，是全球最大的半導(dǎo)體芯片制造商。DiscussionWhatarethequalitiesthatmakeagoodleader?1.Iamnotafraidofanarmyoflionsledbyasheep;Iamafraidofanarmyofsheepledbyalion.–AlexandertheGreat2.Agoodleaderisapersonwhotakesalittlemorethanhisshareoftheblameandalittlelessthanhisshareofthecredit.–JohnMaxwell3.Goodleadersmustfirstbecomegoodservants.–RobertGreenleaf

InInterviews,FemaleCEOsSayTheyDon’tExpectMuchSupport—atHomeoratWorkTextBWordsandExpressionsembarkon

tostarttodosomethingnewordifficult從事，開(kāi)始He’sembarkingonanewcareerasawriter.WordsandExpressionsassignmentn.ataskorpieceofworkthatsomebodyisgiventodo,usuallyaspartoftheirjoborstudies工作，任務(wù)(CET4;CET6)Hehasjustcomeoffadifficultassignment.WordsandExpressionsspilloverintotostartinoneareaandthenaffectotherareas波及

Unresthasspiltoverintoareasoutsidethecity.WordsandExpressionsconfrontv.todealwithaproblemordifficultsituation處理，解決(CET4;CET6)Shewasconfrontedwithseveremoneyproblems.WordsandExpressionstrade-offn.theactofbalancingtwothingsthatyouneedorwantbutwhichareopposedtoeachother權(quán)衡，協(xié)調(diào)Thereisatrade-offbetweenthebenefitsofthedrugandtheriskofsideeffects.WordsandExpressionsmasculineadj.havingthequalitiesorappearanceconsideredtobetypicalofmen男子漢的，男人的(CET6)Hewashandsomeandstrong,andverymasculine.WordsandExpressionsinsurmountableadj.thatcannotbedealtwithsuccessfully無(wú)法克服的，難以解決的(GRE)Thecrisisdoesn’tseemlikeaninsurmountableproblem.WordsandExpressionsfretabouttobeworriedorunhappyandnotabletorelax苦惱；煩躁；焦慮不安Urbanplannersmayfretabouttrafficandpollution.StructuralAnalysisPara.MainTopicsPara.1-2IntroductionofthestudyonCEOsPara.3-5OwnyourambitionPara.6-10Don’twaittobeaskedPara.11-13TakechargeofyourpersonalandprofessionallifePara.14-15Focusonthelong-termgoalPara.16-19Embraceawell-roundedleadershipstyleNotesonTextB1.

Organizationscansupportthislong-termoutlookbychangingHRpolicies,supportmechanisms,andleadershipdevelopmentpracticestoallowwomenthespaceandtimetomanageraisingafamilyandcreatingwaysforwomentoremainengagedintheprofessionalandsociallifeoftheworkplace,evenwhileformallyonareducedworkloadorleave.組織可以通過(guò)改變?nèi)肆Y源政策、支持機(jī)制和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力發(fā)展實(shí)踐來(lái)促成這一長(zhǎng)期遠(yuǎn)景，讓女性有足夠的空間和時(shí)間來(lái)照顧家庭，即便是在工作量正式減少或休假的情況下，也要想辦法讓她們?cè)诠ぷ鲌?chǎng)所繼續(xù)參與職業(yè)和社交生活。HR,全稱(chēng)Human

Resources,指人力資源部，主要負(fù)責(zé)公司員工選拔、任用、培養(yǎng)、考核、獎(jiǎng)懲等工作；此外，HR也常用來(lái)指代從事人力資源相關(guān)工作的人或公司的人事招聘官。NotesonTextB2.Embraceawell-roundedleadershipstyle.采用多樣化的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格。leadershipstyle即領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格，指組織中上級(jí)管理、引導(dǎo)和激勵(lì)下級(jí)的方式和風(fēng)格。常見(jiàn)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格有獨(dú)裁式、權(quán)威式、設(shè)節(jié)奏式、民主式、教練式、附屬式和放任式等。DiscussionInLeadership:TheoryandPractice,theauthorNorthousenotesthatwomenonlymakeup8.1%ofFortune500CEOandattributedthistoglassceiling,theinvisiblebarrierpreventingwomenfromascendingintoeliteleadershippositions.1.

Whydoglassceilingsexistforwomen?2.

Howcanwomenbreakthroughtheglassceilings?Key

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ExercisesKey

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ExercisesTEXT

A

I.

ReadingComprehension:

1-5BDCCAII.

VocabularyA.Readthefollowingsentencesanddecidewhichofthefourmeaningsbeloweachsentenceisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword.1-5DCBDB6-10DCAADB.Choosethebestexpressionfromthelistgivenforeachblank.Useeachexpressiononlyonceandmakeproperchangeswherenecessary.1.ThedirectorwantsthesongsintheBroadwayversiontobeidenticaltothesongsinthefilm.2.Heattemptedtosavetheenterprisewhichwasonthevergeofcollapsebutfailed.3.Thecountryusesitsbudgetsurplusestopayoffgovernmentdebtandtofunditspublicpensionscheme.4.It’saself-fulfillingprophecytradersgetscaredsosharepricesfallbecauseofthem.Key

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Exercises5.Awaterylightbegantoshowthroughthebranches.6.EmployeeappointmenttotheCouncilwillbesubjecttoatermofprobationof6months.7.TheCampbellSoupCompanysaysitwilltrytotapintoJapan’sricemarket.8.Wealsowonderwhethertheplaceboeffectwasafactor;shewassoconvincedthedietwouldworkthatthepsychologicaldriveproducedphysicalresults.9.Frenchlawmakersvotedinfavorofa“YouTubetax”thatwouldapplya2%levyonallstreamingvideo.10.ThePygmalioneffectisifIbelieveyouhaveacertaincharacteristicthismightcauseyoutobehaveasifyouhavethatcharacteristic.Key

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ExercisesIII.Cloze(1)

against(2)

baffles(3)

characteristic(4)

while(5)

boardroom(6)

empowerment(7)

necessarily(8)

encouraging(9)

defeat(10)

becauseIV.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.另一方面，如果告訴一些人他們會(huì)成功，他們將投入更多的時(shí)間和精力，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為付出就有收獲。2.醫(yī)學(xué)界一個(gè)類(lèi)似的現(xiàn)象是安慰劑效應(yīng)，一些認(rèn)為自己在接受藥物或其他治療的人會(huì)有較大的反應(yīng)，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為治療很有效。3.安慰劑效應(yīng)和期待效應(yīng)都是自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的預(yù)言的例子，自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的預(yù)言指起初有誤的某種觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)榇俪闪巳藗兊南鄳?yīng)行為，進(jìn)而變成了正確的觀點(diǎn)。Key

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Exercises4.以另人信服的方式展現(xiàn)自信的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人能獲得更多的支持，進(jìn)而這種自信也從一種姿態(tài)變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。因?yàn)槿藗冋J(rèn)為該公司會(huì)成功并且基于這種看法行事，該公司也就真的成功了。5.正如我和BobSutton合作編寫(xiě)的一本書(shū)中所引用的話一樣，Grove認(rèn)為公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們應(yīng)巧用欺騙為成功創(chuàng)造條件。“這其中有自律也有欺騙。”Key

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ExercisesV.Discussion1.Thelionisthekingofthejungleandafearlessanimalatthetopofthefoodchain.Showingstrongleadership,Lionleadersareassertive,determinedandpassionate.Theyhaveamindoftheirownandarenoteasilyinfluencedbyothers.Incontrast,sheeparemeek,timidandeasilyinfluencedinbyothers(e.g.ashepherd).Soteamswithstrongleadershiparemorelikelytosucceedthanthosewithweakleadership.Thisquoteshowstheimportanceofstrongleadership.2.Agoodleaderhasthewholepictureinmind.Theytakethemistakesandfailuresofhisfollowersastheirownandtrytoworkthemouttogetherwiththeteam.Theyattributesuccesstoteamworkandarewillingshareitwithhisfollowers.3.InTheServantasLeader,RobertGreenleafproposedtheconceptof“servantleadership”.Accordingtohim,aservant-leaderattachesgreatimportancetothegrowthandwell-beingofhis/herteam.Incontrast,atraditionalleadertendstoexercisepoweranddemandcompliancefromfollowers.Key

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ExercisesTEXT

BI.Discussion1.Whydoglassceilingsexistforwomen?First,thedifferencesinhumancapitalaresignificantbecausewomenhavehigherdemandswithregardtodomesticdutiesandchild-rearing.Traditionalfamilyandgenderroleshavewomendoingmostoftheraisingofachildandmostofthehouseholdchores.Womenneedtoinvestmoretimeintheircareerstoensurethatcompaniesseethebenefitofpromotingwomenintheworkforce.Second,Differencesinleadershipstylealsohelpbuildglassceilingsforwomen.Manypeoplehavepreconceivedideasofhowwomenandmenshouldlead.Workersdonotlikeawomanwhoisdominantintheworkforce.Theywouldpreferamaletobeinadominantpositionthanawoman.Womenmustbemoredemocraticthanmenandmustbelessautocratic.Key

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Exercises2.

Howcanwomenbreakthroughtheglassceilings?“Oneprominentexplanationfortheleadershipgaprevolvesaroundgenderbiasesstemmingfromstereotypedexpectationsthatwomentakecareandmentakecharge”.“Genderb