專項(xiàng)突破20 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)高頻考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)突破【考點(diǎn)詳解+真題】（原卷版）

專項(xiàng)20非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)精選考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)突破命題趨勢(shì)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是歷年中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看，一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為2～4分。從命題意圖看，側(cè)重考查考生的具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的能力。中考考查重點(diǎn)：1.動(dòng)詞不定式；2.動(dòng)名詞；3.分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，但同時(shí)仍保留動(dòng)詞某些特征的動(dòng)詞形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）。構(gòu)成：to+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞不定式作用：作除謂語(yǔ)外的任何成分構(gòu)成：v-.ing/v.-ed(規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式分詞作用：表、定、狀、補(bǔ)構(gòu)成：v.-ing動(dòng)名詞作用：主、賓、表、定考向一：不定式1.動(dòng)詞不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，為避免＂頭重腳輕＂常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。常用句型有：①Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.+(not)todosth.意為＂做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是……＂。②Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.意為＂做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間＂Tomasteralanguageisnoteasy=Itisnoteasytomasteralanguage.學(xué)好一門語(yǔ)言是不容易的。作賓語(yǔ)常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：wouldlike,want,like,hope,wish,plan，decide,learn,agree,try,remember,forget,expect,refuse,afford,prefer,continue,promise,begin,start等think,find,believe等動(dòng)詞可用于＂動(dòng)詞+it+adj.+todosth.＂句型中。it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的不定式。Iwouldliketomakefriendswithyou.我想要和你交朋友。Ifinditdifficulttopassmymathexam.我發(fā)現(xiàn)要通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)考試很難。作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式放在名詞、代詞后作定語(yǔ)，兩者之間常有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此，如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)該加上相應(yīng)的介詞。常接不定式作定語(yǔ)的名詞有：time,need,way,chance,opportunity,courage,reason,effort,determination,decision,ability,ambitionCanyougivemeapentowritewith?能給我一只用于書寫的筆嗎？Doyouhavesomethingtosay?你有什么要說(shuō)的嗎？作狀語(yǔ)不定式?？捎米鳡钫Z(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞，表示行為的目的、結(jié)果和原因。Todoagoodjob,wemusthavetherighttools.要干好活工具要對(duì)頭。作表語(yǔ)放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)。Mydreamistobeanengineer.我想成為一名工程師。2.不定式的特殊用法①使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，須省略to。此類動(dòng)詞有：一感(feel)、二聽(tīng)(hear,listento)、三讓(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)、五幫(help)。變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，省略的to則要加上。②動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是nottodo，其被動(dòng)形式為tobedone。?Ourteacheraskedusnottoswimintheriveralone.我們老師要求我們不要獨(dú)自一人在河里游泳。③常接＂疑問(wèn)詞+帶to的不定式＂的動(dòng)詞有teach,show,tell,learn,findout,decide,know,forget等。?Mymothertaughtmehowtocookyesterday.昨天我媽媽教我如何做飯?？枷蚨簞?dòng)名詞（一）動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞是由＂動(dòng)詞+-ing＂構(gòu)成，和現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特點(diǎn)。（二）動(dòng)名詞作用句子成分用法例句作主語(yǔ)單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)有：Itisnouse（good）+v.ing.Seeingisbelieving.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Itisnousearguingagain.再去爭(zhēng)吵也沒(méi)有用。作表語(yǔ)放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)Herjobislookingafterthechildren.她的工作是照顧這些小孩子。作賓語(yǔ)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的詞有：avoid,finish,consider,giveup,cannothelp,allow,imagine,include,keep,mind,practice,suggest，succeedin,beusedtodo,lookforwardto,enjoy,bebusyNomatterwhathappened,Iwon’tgiveupachievingmydream.不管發(fā)生了什么事情，我都不會(huì)放棄去實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想。作定語(yǔ)用于名詞前，起修飾說(shuō)明作用Thereisaswimmingpoolinherhome.她家有個(gè)游泳池。（三）動(dòng)名詞的特殊用法即可接動(dòng)詞不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：love,like,hate,prefer,dislike,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt,can’tbear,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,neglect,try,deserve,can’tafford等動(dòng)詞。有時(shí)兩者之間的意義差別不大，但remember,regret,want,try等詞后差別比較明顯?？枷蛉悍衷~（一）現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞由v.+ing構(gòu)成，過(guò)去分詞v.+ed(規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)構(gòu)成。（二）分詞的用法句子成分用法例句作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，有主動(dòng)的含義，過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成，有被動(dòng)的含義。Thecryingboyannoyedusalot.那個(gè)哭泣的男孩使我們很煩惱。作表語(yǔ)放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)Thestoryisinteresting.Iaminterestedinit.這個(gè)故事很有趣，我對(duì)它很感興趣。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)Hecouldhearhisheartbeatingfast.他可以聽(tīng)見(jiàn)自己的心臟跳得很快。作狀語(yǔ)通常表示主語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作，來(lái)對(duì)主語(yǔ)的主要?jiǎng)幼骷右孕揎?。Igothome,feelingverytired.我疲憊地回到家里。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題七大原則原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用不定式。原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用-ing。原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用-ing或不定式，其區(qū)別是，一般用-ing，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式；如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動(dòng)式。原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)原則上應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致。原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式）。原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)：用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；用-ing，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用過(guò)去分詞，表示動(dòng)作被動(dòng)、完成?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】后跟todo作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（詞組）(1)想要，拒絕，忘記(want/wouldlike,refuse,forget)(2)需要，努力，學(xué)習(xí)(need,try,learn)(3)喜歡，同意，幫助(like,agree,help)(4)希望，決定，開(kāi)始(hope/wish,decide,begin/start)【巧學(xué)妙記】巧記后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞喜歡(enjoy)不斷(keep)提建議(suggest)盼望(lookforwardto)習(xí)慣(beusedto)卻完畢(finish)想要(feellike)花費(fèi)(spend)去練習(xí)(practice)忍俊不禁(can’thelp)還介意(mind)1．（2022·西藏·中考真題）It’simportantforthedisabled________theabilitytomakealiving.A．tohave B．have C．having D．has2．（2022·西藏·中考真題）________toomuchsweetfoodwillmakepeoplegetfat.A．Eating B．Eats C．Eat D．Ate3．（2022·廣西桂林·中考真題）Theyareworkinghard________tigers.A．saved B．save C．tosave4．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）Whethersportsmen,sportswomenorvolunteers,peopleusedtheirskillsandwarmth________theBeijing2022WinterOlympicsashiningsuccess.A．make B．making C．made D．tomake5．（2022·上海·中考真題）Theyoungplayerspendsfourhours_______volleyballeveryday.A．practise B．practising C．topractise D．practised6．（2022·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）TheInternetenablesfarmers_______fruitsandvegetablesacrossthecountry.A．sell B．selling C．tosell D．sold7．（2022·江蘇鹽城·中考真題）GoodnewscomesthatChinahassentShenzhouXIVtospace________theunknownworld.A．explore B．explored C．exploring D．toexplore8．（2022·江蘇南通·中考真題）Weshouldhaveahealthydiet,properexerciseandenoughsleep________fit.A．keeping B．tokeep C．keep D．kept9．（2022·吉林長(zhǎng)春·中考真題）________heavytraffic,pleasegetupandsetoutearly.A．Toavoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided10．（2022·遼寧丹東·中考真題）Ifeachofusmakesefforts_______

somethingmeaningful,oursocietywillbecomebetter

andbetter.A．tolose B．tobelost C．todo D．tobedone11．（2022·貴州黔西·中考真題）Mostofthestudentsarelookingforwardto________themselvesaftertheexams.A．work B．working C．relax D．relaxing12．（2022·湖南益陽(yáng)·中考真題）—Tom,doyouthinkreadingisimportant?—Yes,Ido.SoIdecide________moretimereadingfromnowon.A．spend B．tospend C．spending13．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真題）________asharedfuture,weshouldlearnfromeachotherandhelpeachother.A．Create B．Tocreate C．Creating14．（2022·遼寧大連·中考真題）Ihope________inmyhometownafterIfinishschool.A．work B．works C．working D．towork15．（2022·廣西玉林·中考真題）—Safetycomesfirst!Everyoneshouldstopthekidsfrom________inthelakeorriver.—Lifeisvaluable.Kidsmustremember________theschoolrules.A．swim;tofollow B．swim;followingC．swimming;following D．swimming;tofollow16．（2022·湖南邵陽(yáng)·中考真題）—HoucanIpreventCOVID-19,Dad?—________healthy,youshouldalwayswearamaskandwashhandsfrequently.A．Keep B．Keeping C．Tokeep17．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真題）Remember________thelightwhenyouleavetheclassroom.A．turnoff B．toturnoff C．turningoff18．（2022·廣西貴港·中考真題）—Amy,don’tforget________yourmask(口罩)whenyougoout.—Don’tworry,mom.Iwill.A．wear B．wears C．towear D．wearing19．（2022·四川雅安·中考真題）Teenagersoftenlistentopopmusic_________.A．relax B．torelax C．relaxing D．relaxed20．（2022·海南·中考真題）—Peteralwaysremembers________thelightoffwhenheleavestheroom.—That’sgreat.It’sagoodwaytosaveenergy.A．shut B．shutting C．toshut21．（2022·江蘇·揚(yáng)州中學(xué)教育集團(tuán)樹人學(xué)校三模）Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto________someschoolsforpoorchildren.A．setup B．settingup C．havesetup D．havingsetup22．（2022·江蘇·鹽城市鹽都區(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn)初中一模）Themethodwethoughtof________theproblemprovedtobecorrect.A．tosolve B．solving C．solved D．solves23．（2022·山東·青島大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)二模）________aGPSwillmake________easierforyoutovisitastrangeplace.A．Totake;that B．Totake;it C．Take;that D．Take;it24．（2022·黑龍江哈爾濱·二模）—Thisyear,thebiggestchangeinmylifeisfromthe“doublereductionpolicy”(雙減政策).—Ithinkso.Ispendmyweekendsreadingbooks,listeningtomusicratherthan________after-schoolclasses.A．a(chǎn)ttend B．a(chǎn)ttending C．toattend25．（2022·福建·福州三牧中學(xué)一模）Hewasmade________theroomwithhisbrothersyesterdayeveningA．clean B．toclean C．cleaned26．（2022·遼寧撫順·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Ididn’tenjoymyselfattheparty.Ijustfelt_________.—Well,maybethereweretoomanypeopleattheparty.A．leftout B．toleaveout C．leavingout D．beleftout27．（2022·四川樂(lè)山·二模）—Yourcarissodirty.Itneeds__________.—ThisafternoonIwillhaveit___________.A．towash;washing B．washing;washed C．washed;towash28．（2022·黑龍江哈爾濱·三模）________alive,Johnsonhadtoaskthedoctortocutoffhisleftleg.A．Tobe B．Be C．Being29．（2022·吉林長(zhǎng)春·二模）MikeisanewstudentinourclassandI’mthefirst________friendswithhim.A．make B．tomake C．making D．made30．（2022·四川成都·二模）Someappsforlisteningtobooksarepopularthesedays.Theusersthinklisteningismoreconvenient,________toreading.A．compare B．compared C．tocompare31．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·包頭市第三十五中學(xué)三模）________theearthquakeinSouthwestChina’sSichuanprovinceat5:00pmonJune1st,2022,manypeoplewereshockedatthenews.A．Tohear B．Hear C．Hearing D．Heard32．（2022·江蘇·濱海縣教師發(fā)展中心一模）________moreaboutBritishculture,JackhasdecidedtogoonatriptoEngland.A．Learn B．Learned C．Learning D．Tolearn33．（2022·云南紅河·一模）MyEnglishteachertoldmethatsheexpectedme________progressthroughmyeffort.A．make B．made C．tomake D．making34．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）__________withthepriceofhouses,thepriceofcarshasbecomealittlelowerrecently.A．Tocompare B．Comparing C．Compared D．Tobecompared35．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Youcanbewhatyouwanttobe,asong________byJiangY