4.1.1 排水系統(tǒng)的分類體制認(rèn)知 Classification and Types of Drainage Systems-1733558658418

4.1.1排水系統(tǒng)的分類、體制認(rèn)知ClassificationandTypesofDrainageSystems一、建筑排水系統(tǒng)的分類ClassificationofBuildingDrainageSystem建筑排水系統(tǒng)的功能是將人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ詈凸I(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中使用過的、受到污染的水以及降落到屋面的雨水和雪水收集起來，及時(shí)排到室外。Thefunctionofbuildingdrainagesystemistocollecttheusedandpollutedwaterindailylifeandindustrialproduction,aswellasrainwaterandsnowwaterfallingontheroof,anddischargethemoutdoorsintime.生活排水系統(tǒng)Domesticdrainagesystem工業(yè)廢水排水系統(tǒng)Industrialwastewaterdrainagesystem屋面雨水排水系統(tǒng)Roofrainwaterdrainagesystem按污廢水的來源，可分為：Basedonthesourcesofsewageandwastewater,theycanbedividedinto:一、建筑排水系統(tǒng)的分類ClassificationofBuildingDrainageSystem1.生活排水系統(tǒng)Domesticdrainagesystem生活排水系統(tǒng)是指排除居住建筑、公共建筑及工業(yè)企業(yè)生活污廢水的系統(tǒng)。Adomesticdrainagesystemreferstoasystemthatdischargesdomesticsewageandwastewaterfromresidentialbuildings,publicbuildingsandindustrialenterprises.根據(jù)污染程度，可進(jìn)一步分為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪信判沟募S便污水的生活污水排水系統(tǒng)和人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪信懦龅南礈焖纳顝U水排水系統(tǒng)。Basedonthepollutiondegree,theycanbefurtherdividedintodomesticsewagedrainagesystemsforfecalsewagedischargedindailylifeanddomesticwastewaterdrainagesystemsforwashingwaterdischargedindailylife.生活廢水經(jīng)過處理后，可作為雜用水，用來沖洗廁所、澆灑道路和綠地、沖洗汽車等。Aftertreatment,thedomesticwastewatercanbeusedasnon-drinkingwaterforflushingtoilets,sprinklingroadsandgreenspaces,washingcars,etc.建筑施工用水Waterforbuildingconstruction噴灑路面Roadspraying洗車Vehiclewashing沖廁Toiletflushing一、建筑排水系統(tǒng)的分類ClassificationofBuildingDrainageSystem2.工業(yè)廢水排水系統(tǒng)Industrialwastewaterdrainagesystem工業(yè)廢水排水系統(tǒng)是指排除工藝過程中產(chǎn)生的污廢水的系統(tǒng)。Anindustrialwastewaterdrainagesystemreferstoasystemthatdischargessewageandwastewatergeneratedintheprocess.為了便于污廢水的處理和綜合利用，按污染程度可將其分為生產(chǎn)污水排水系統(tǒng)和生產(chǎn)廢水排水系統(tǒng)。Tofacilitatethetreatmentandcomprehensiveutilizationofsewageandwastewater,theindustrialwastewaterdrainagesystemcanbedividedintoproductionsewagedrainagesystemandproductionwastewaterdrainagesystemaccordingtopollutiondegree.生產(chǎn)污水污染程度較重，需經(jīng)處理達(dá)到排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后排放；

Theproductionsewageispollutedheavily,itcanonlybedischargedafterbeingtreatedtomeetthedischargestandard;生產(chǎn)廢水污染程度較輕，可作為雜用水水源，也可經(jīng)簡(jiǎn)單處理后（如降溫）回用或排入水體。

Theproductionwastewaterispollutedlightly,itcanbeusedasasourceofnon-drinkingwater,orreusedordischargedintothewaterbodyaftersimpletreatment(suchascooling).一、建筑排水系統(tǒng)的分類ClassificationofBuildingDrainageSystem3.屋面雨水排水系統(tǒng)Roofrainwaterdrainagesystem屋面雨水排水系統(tǒng)是指收集排除降落到多跨工業(yè)廠房、大屋面建筑和高層建筑屋面上雨水與雪水的系統(tǒng)。Aroofrainwaterdrainagesystemreferstoasystemthatcollectsanddischargesrainwaterandsnowwaterfallingontheroofofmulti-spanindustrialplants,largeroofbuildings,andhigh-risebuildings.建筑物屋面雨水排水系統(tǒng)單獨(dú)排放。Roofrainwaterdrainagesysteminbuildingsdischargesseparately.二、排水體制選擇SelectionofDrainageSystems建筑排水體制分為分流制和合流制兩種Thebuildingdrainagesystemcanbedividedintotwotypes:separatedrainagesystemandcombineddrainagesystem排水體制Drainagetype合流制Combineddrainagesystem分流制Separatedrainagesystem生活污水與生活廢水或生產(chǎn)污水與生產(chǎn)廢水設(shè)置獨(dú)立的管道系統(tǒng)：生活污水排水系統(tǒng)、生活廢水排水系統(tǒng)、生產(chǎn)污水排水系統(tǒng)、生產(chǎn)廢水排水系統(tǒng)分別排水。Theindependentpipesystemsaresetupfordomesticsewageandwastewater,orproductionsewageandwastewater.Thatistosay,thedomesticsewagedrainagesystem,domesticwastewaterdrainagesystem,productionsewagedrainagesystem,andproductionwastewaterdrainagesystemadoptindependentpipesfordrainagerespectively.指生活污水與生活廢水、生產(chǎn)污水與生產(chǎn)廢水采用同一套排水管道系統(tǒng)排放，或污、廢水在建筑物內(nèi)匯合后用同一排水干管排至建筑物外Thecombineddrainagesystemmeansthatdomesticsewageanddomesticwastewater,productionsewageandproductionwastewateraredischargedbythesamesetofdrainagepipelinesystems,orsewageandwastewateraredischargedoutsidebuildingsthroughthesamemaindrainagepipeafterconverginginbuildings二、排水體制選擇SelectionofDrainageSystems建筑內(nèi)排水體制的確定，應(yīng)根據(jù)污水性質(zhì)、污染程度，結(jié)合建筑外部排水系統(tǒng)的體制，是否有利于綜合利用、中水系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)和污水的處理要求等因素綜合考慮。Thedrainagetypeinbuildingsshallbedeterminedbasedonthenatureandpollutiondegreeofsewage,combinedwiththeexternaldrainagesystemofbuildings,andcomprehensivelyconsideredaccordingtowhetheritisconducivetocomprehensiveutilization,developmentofreclaimedwatersystemandsewagetreatmentrequirements.下列情況宜采用生活污水與生活廢水分流的排水系統(tǒng)：Separatedrainagesystemfordomesticsewageandwastewatershallbeadoptedunderthefollowingcircumstances:

當(dāng)政府有關(guān)部門要求污水、廢水分流且生活污水需經(jīng)化糞池處理后才能排入城鎮(zhèn)排水管道時(shí)；

Whentherelevantgovernmentdepartmentsrequiresewage,wastewateranddomesticsewagetobedischargedintourbandrainagepipesonlyaftersewageandwastewateraredivergedanddomesticsewageistreatedinseptictanks;生活廢水需回收利用時(shí)。

Whendomesticwastewaterneedstoberecycled.二、排水體制選擇SelectionofDrainageSystems局部受到油脂、致病菌、放射性元素、有機(jī)溶劑等污染，以及溫度高于40℃的建筑排水，應(yīng)單獨(dú)排水至水處理構(gòu)筑物或回收構(gòu)筑物:Buildingdrainage,whichislocallycontaminatedwithgrease,pathogenicbacteria,radioactiveelements,andorganicsolventsandwhosetemperatureishigherthan40degrees,shallbeseparatelydischargedtowatertreatmentstructuresorrecyclingstructures:1職工食堂、營(yíng)業(yè)餐廳的廚房含有油脂的廢水Greasywastewaterfromkitchensofstaffcanteensandrestaurants2洗車沖洗水Carwashflushingwater二、排水體制選擇SelectionofDrainageSystems局部受到油脂、致病菌、放射性元素、有機(jī)溶劑等污染，以及溫度高于40℃的建筑排水，應(yīng)單獨(dú)排水至水處理構(gòu)筑物或回收構(gòu)筑物:Buildingdrainage,whichislocallycontaminatedwithgrease,pathogenicbacteria,radioactiveelements,andorganicsolventsandwhosetemperatureishigherthan40degrees,shallbeseparatelydischargedtowatertreatmentstructuresorrecyclingstructures:3含有致病菌、放射性元素等超過排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的醫(yī)療、科研機(jī)構(gòu)的污水Sewagefrommedicalandscientificresearchinstitutionscontainingpathogenicbacteri