第5課時(shí)　任務(wù)型閱讀 中考英語重難題型專題復(fù)習(xí)（人教版）

第5課時(shí)任務(wù)型閱讀01命題規(guī)律解讀02答題技巧指導(dǎo)03真題鞏固訓(xùn)練01命題規(guī)律解讀任務(wù)型閱讀是考查考生閱讀理解和語言運(yùn)用能力的綜合性題型。語篇圍繞人與自我、人與社會(huì)、人與自然三大主題語境展開，內(nèi)容貼近現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生活，涉及學(xué)生生活，富有時(shí)代氣息，語言原汁原味。設(shè)題方式為特殊疑問句(W/H開頭)或少量一般疑問句或者選擇疑問句。2024年湖南卷設(shè)置4個(gè)回答問題和一個(gè)翻譯(英譯中)，題目設(shè)置不固化，翻譯題可以設(shè)置1－2個(gè)中英互譯，也可如同長沙卷一樣設(shè)置5個(gè)回答問題。均按順序原則出題。多數(shù)閱讀回答問題針對(duì)文章中的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問，主要是人、物、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、事情、原因、結(jié)果和感受等。命題趨勢(shì)為設(shè)置一個(gè)開放式題，建議回答要正能量、積極向上。翻譯題主要考查對(duì)常用短語搭配、習(xí)慣用語、語法規(guī)則和重要句型的表達(dá)運(yùn)用，對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語法知識(shí)，以及簡(jiǎn)單的翻譯技巧(省略、補(bǔ)充、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、逆序翻譯等)的掌握。翻譯涉及各類重要句型結(jié)構(gòu)：賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句、動(dòng)詞短語、名詞短語、最高級(jí)用法、固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)等。特別注意書寫需規(guī)范，如句子開頭首字母大寫，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)正確規(guī)范，單詞拼寫正確無誤，書寫認(rèn)真等。2024年湖南省中考英語任務(wù)型閱讀和長沙市中考英語回答問題考情概覽卷別詞數(shù)語篇類型語篇話題考點(diǎn)分布2024湖南卷252記敘文講述楊女士和湘繡之間的故事where(1),howlong(1)，how(1),一般疑問句(1),why(1),英譯中(1)2024長沙卷269記敘文作者分享了音樂對(duì)他的生活產(chǎn)生的影響一般疑問句(1)，how(1),what(3)02答題技巧指導(dǎo)[2024湖南]“ThoughIwasbornwithhalfaleftarm,Idon'tthinkI'munlucky，”saidMsYang,a35-year-oldwomanfromasmallvillageinHunan.She'sasuccessfulXiangembroidery(湘繡)artist.NowsherunsaXiangembroiderystore.Shelivedahardlifeformanyyears.Luckily,herwholefamilysupportedher.Aftercollegesheappliedfor(申請(qǐng))over200jobsbutwasturneddownagainandagain.Shetriedtostartherownbusinessbutfailedwithallhermoneylost.ThensheturnedtoXiangembroidery.【我來歸納——回答問題】1．讀問題。(1)明確提問方向：what—回答細(xì)節(jié)等具體內(nèi)容；who—回答①_________；how—回答方式或程度；why—回答②_______；when—回答③_______；where—回答④_______。人物原因時(shí)間地點(diǎn)MsYang'sinterestinXiangembroiderybeganwhenshewasachild.Shelearnedsomeofthebasicsfromaneighbor.Afterrunningthestore,shetookmanytrainingcourses,includingathree-yearcourseatTsinghuaUniversity.Shekeptdevelopingherskills,sayingthatherdisabilitywouldn'tstopher.In2014,herbusinessfinallystartedmakingmoney.Thenshetriedtodosomethingforsociety.(2)勾畫線索詞：名詞短語，動(dòng)詞短語(注意不要勾畫反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的名詞，優(yōu)先選具體名詞和不常見形容詞)Xiangembroideryhasahistoryofover2，000years.AsXiangembroideryisoneofthefourbest-knownstyles(風(fēng)格)ofembroideryinChina,shehopestospreaditscultureandmakemorepeoplelearnaboutit.Byofferingfreelessons,MsYanghelpslotsofpeople,includingmanydisabledones.2．讀短文。略讀短文，了解文章大意，留意線索詞并在原文中勾畫出來。⑤_______關(guān)鍵信息確定答案句，根據(jù)疑問詞確定答案。對(duì)比MsYang'sstoryisencouraging.Itshowshowimportantstrongwillsandinterestsare.When

wefacedifficulties,weshouldnevergiveup.Justasasayinggoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”1．WhereisMsYangfrom?

SheisfromasmallvillageinHunan,China.

2．HowlongisthehistoryofXiangembroidery?

Ithasahistoryofover2，000years.

3．HowdoesMsYanghelppeople?

She

helps

people

by

offering

free

lessons.3．寫答案簡(jiǎn)單回答或完整回答均可，一般疑問句用⑥____________回答。注意：①寫動(dòng)詞時(shí)注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化，名詞注意是否可數(shù)；②謂語動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)或過去式時(shí)不可省略主語。③檢查標(biāo)點(diǎn)、大小寫。Yes./No.4．DoyouwanttolearnXiangembroiderythissummerholiday?Whyorwhynot?

Yes,

I

do.

Because

learning

Xiang

embroidery

could

be

a

great

way

to

appreciate

traditional

Chinese

art

and

culture.(主觀題，言之有理即可)5．將短文中畫線句子翻譯成中文。當(dāng)我們面對(duì)困難時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該永不放棄?！窘馕觥勘疚氖且黄洈⑽?。主要講述了楊女士和湘繡之間的故事?！疚襾須w納——英漢互譯】1．英譯漢：(1)通讀短文，了解大意。明確基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)、固定短語、語法規(guī)則等表達(dá)，特別關(guān)注單詞在語境中的不同詞性及含義。1．順序法出題原則。根據(jù)第一段“…saidMsYang,a35-year-oldwomanfromasmallvillageinHunan.”可知，楊女士來自中國湖南省一個(gè)小村莊。故填SheisfromasmallvillageinHunan,China.2．根據(jù)第二段“Xiangembroideryhasahistoryofover2，000years.”可知，湘繡有著兩千多年的歷史。故填I(lǐng)thasahistoryofover2，000years.3．根據(jù)第三段“Byofferingfreelessons,MsYanghelpslotsofpeople,includingmanydisabledones.”可知，她通過提供免費(fèi)課程幫助了許多人。故填Shehelpspeoplebyofferingfreelessons.(2)注意英漢語言方面的表達(dá)及順序差異，符合漢語邏輯思維，不要逐字翻譯。(3)逐一檢查，調(diào)序與潤色。4．根據(jù)題目要求可知，本題為開放題，回答言之有理即可。對(duì)于是否想要在暑假學(xué)習(xí)湘繡以及原因，可回答：我想學(xué)習(xí)刺繡，因?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)湘繡是欣賞中國傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)和文化的好方法。故填Yes,Ido.BecauselearningXiangembroiderycouldbeagreatwaytoappreciatetraditionalChineseartandculture.5．分析劃線句子可知，本句為when“在……時(shí)候”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，we“我們”作從句主語；face“面對(duì)”為謂語動(dòng)詞；difficulties“困難”作賓語；主句中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should表示“應(yīng)該”；never“絕不”；動(dòng)詞短語giveup表示“放棄”。故填：當(dāng)我們面對(duì)困難時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該永不放棄。2．漢譯英：(1)通讀短文，了解大意。關(guān)鍵詞中把考點(diǎn)找。(2)分析需要翻譯句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、類型、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞形變化、主謂一致等問題。(3)逐一檢查，調(diào)序、文化差異別忘掉?；卮饐栴}解題技巧和注意點(diǎn)1．出題原則：順序原則2．審題必圈題干關(guān)鍵詞(KeyWords)。(1)大寫、數(shù)字、引號(hào)優(yōu)先原則(2)5W1H疑問詞必須圈劃(Who,What,When,Why,Where,How)。如：WhendidhisparentsrealizethatJakewasmissing？(圈劃When)3．注意時(shí)態(tài)一致，人稱、代詞一致。如：WhendidhisparentsrealizethatJakewasmissing？(回答用一般過去時(shí)，指代hisparents代詞用they)4．一般疑問句和選擇疑問句(1)圈劃關(guān)鍵定位詞(助動(dòng)詞放句首提問)，可直接用Yes或No回答。(2)回答選擇疑問句時(shí)，一般在所提供的備選對(duì)象范圍內(nèi)選擇，有時(shí)也要視具體情況作靈活處理，但不能用Yes/No來回答。注意：選對(duì)象是二者，可任選其一就用表示肯定的either;兩個(gè)對(duì)象都選就用表示肯定的both；兩個(gè)對(duì)象都不選就用表示否定的neither。5．特殊疑問句(1)Why提問，回答格式若干種：①Because＋句子②Todo…(這里todo表目的)[有時(shí)候還可以直接For＋n./doing]③Becauseof,Owingto,Dueto等＋詞/短語(2)Where和When提問，介詞in,on,at,to等不能遺漏。注意：詢問時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，答案有時(shí)候可能是時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)狀語短語或從句。如：WhendidhisparentsrealizethatJakewasmissing?Whentheygottothefootofthemountain.(3)Who提問，用人名、身份名詞、職業(yè)等回答，還需要補(bǔ)全與文章意義相關(guān)的具體信息。(4)What提問，用完整的句子、名詞或名詞短語、名詞性從句(多為賓語從句)來回答。如：WhatdidJakedotoprotecthimselffromthecoldtemperatures?Hemadeaholeinthesnowandpointeditupthehill.(5)How提問，回答一般有3種方式。①最常用Bydoing…來回答；當(dāng)然也可以用其他介詞，比如With/Through/On等；也可以使用完整句式(注意時(shí)態(tài))回答。②用“by＋交通工具/具體名詞”回答。③用一個(gè)副詞直接來回答。(6)Howlong提問，介詞For基本不能遺漏。常見特例(以下三種沒有For)：①Howlongdidyouspendindoingyourhomeworkyesterday？Threehours./Ispentthreehoursindoingmyhomeworkyesterday.②HowlongdoesittaketogettoLondonfromhere?Atleasttenhours./IttakesatleasttenhourstogettoLondonfromhere.③Howlongdoesthefilmlast？(last后面for可有可無)Fortwohours./Twohours./Itlasts(for)twohours.(7)Howold提問，用數(shù)字回答(原文Hewasafive-year-oldboy.注意前置定語轉(zhuǎn)換為表語。)(8)Howtall/high/wide…提問，用“數(shù)詞＋高度/寬度單位名詞”回答。如：Howtallisthebuilding?Itis355metershigh./Itis355metersinheight.(9)Howoften提問，用表示“頻度”的副詞或短語回答。如：Twiceamonth./Everymonth./Seldom.(10)Howsoon提問，用“in＋時(shí)間段”回答。如：Inaweek.6．開放式問題的出題角度多樣，注意回答全面且回答積極向上。(1)WhatdoyouthinkofA？(等同于HowdoyoufeelaboutA?和HowdoyoulikeA？)＋Whatmakesyouthinkso？(你為什么這么想？)回答格式：①(Ithink)A(使用對(duì)應(yīng)人稱代詞)be(注意根據(jù)文本時(shí)態(tài))＋adj.；②直接Abe＋adj.andadj.(形容詞寫兩種)(建議這種格式)．a(chǎn)dj.可以是helpful,useful,wonderful,amazing,fantastic,meaningful等一些正方向評(píng)價(jià)詞。但要注意有時(shí)也有負(fù)方向評(píng)價(jià)詞。如：Whatdoyouthinkofthesandstorm?Ithinkitisdangerous/terrible/awful/serious.注意：根據(jù)文本內(nèi)容確定形容詞，一般避免用good,nice,great,bad等籠統(tǒng)的形容詞。(2)Whatcanyoulearnfromlaboreducation?回答格式：①(Icanlearnfromlaboreducationthat＋)句子．②名詞性短語。(3)兩個(gè)問題分兩句回答且后面的問題一般需要充分的觀點(diǎn)。如：Doyouthinktheproblemofclimatechangeisserious?Whatshouldyoudo?回答格式：Yes,Ido.Ishouldplantmoretreesandstoppollutingtheenvironment.(4)給文章取名字。如：Whatmightbethebesttitleofthispassage？(InnomorethanTENwords)回答格式：InternetAddiction./LearntoControlInternetUse.(注意詞數(shù))(5)總結(jié)文章大意。如：Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?回答格式：It'smainlyabouthowtoimproveyourmemory.7．注意點(diǎn)：(1)所有回答先考慮完整回答，能簡(jiǎn)略再簡(jiǎn)略回答。(有的回答適合簡(jiǎn)略，但有的回答無法簡(jiǎn)略)(2)謹(jǐn)慎使用祈使句、Doing,Todo等。如：Whatdidthewriterdecidetodo?Hedecidedto…(建議完整回答)(3)所有回答注意大小寫、拼寫、人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和第三人稱單數(shù)等細(xì)節(jié)。(4)不能缺失限定詞，比如about,atleast,around,upto,nearly,almost等。(5)注意文本中的and,also,besides等詞，回答信息需要完整。英漢互譯解題技巧和注意點(diǎn)1．連詞的翻譯英語中連詞用得多，漢語中連詞用得少。英譯漢時(shí)，有些連詞可以省譯。漢譯英，要適當(dāng)增加連詞，成文連貫。如：(1)Ifwintercomes，canspringbefarbehind?(如果)冬天來了，春天還會(huì)久遠(yuǎn)嗎？(省譯)(2)Thoughthatdreamhasnotcometrue,nowheissuccessful.______那個(gè)夢(mèng)想沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，_______現(xiàn)在他成功了。(漢語中連詞成對(duì)使用；補(bǔ)譯)雖然但是2．It句型翻譯引導(dǎo)詞it作形式主語、形式賓語時(shí)，本身沒有獨(dú)立意義，可以省譯。熟記it句型，做到英漢互譯自如。如：(1)Itwasdifficulttorememberallthefacesandnames.要記住所有的面孔和名字很難。(2)Ithinkithardforthemtounderstandyourjoke.我認(rèn)為，對(duì)他們來說，明白你的笑話很難。＝我認(rèn)為，要他們明白你的笑話很難。(3)Ittookthevolunteersthewholeafternoontocleanupthepark.志愿者花了整整一個(gè)下午打掃公園。3．定語從句的翻譯對(duì)于較短的定語從句，英譯漢時(shí)，可譯成帶“的”的前置定語，可把復(fù)合句譯成簡(jiǎn)單句。對(duì)于結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜且較長的定語從句，在英譯漢時(shí)，可將其后置，將整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)譯成并列句，并重復(fù)先行詞。如：(1)Hewasverythankfultothelandwherehegrewup.他很感謝他生長的這片土地。(2)Imetanoldmanwhoaskedmetopayattentiontohealth.我遇到一位老人，這位老人要我注意健康。4．被動(dòng)語態(tài)翻譯英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)通常翻譯成漢語主動(dòng)句，可以翻譯成漢語的無主語句，也可以保留原文主語。如：Theblueskyisreflected(映襯)inthedeepbluelake.藍(lán)藍(lán)的天空映襯在深藍(lán)色的湖水中。5．詞性的區(qū)別當(dāng)翻譯“一詞多義”的英語單詞時(shí)，需要明白單詞在原文中所要表達(dá)的含義，繼而選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語表述。如：(1)Excuseme,whereisthebus_________?打擾一下，公共汽車站在哪兒？(2)Thedoctoraskedmyfatherto_________smoking.醫(yī)生讓我父親戒煙。stopstop6．注意：調(diào)整語序(1)單詞作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，英后中前。如：Modernscienceandtechnologyare________________________.(后置)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)正在迅速發(fā)展。(前置)(2)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)順序①英語中，地點(diǎn)在前，時(shí)間在后。如：Hewasborn________________________________．(地點(diǎn)在前)他是1970年5月20日在北京出生的。(時(shí)間在前)developingrapidlyinBeijingonMay20，1970②英語中時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語的排列一般是從小到大，漢語中則是從大到小。如：Qingdao,ShandongProvince山東省青島市③漢語中按時(shí)間順序或事情發(fā)展順序排序。如：Iwentoutforawalk_______Ihadmydinner.(從句在主句之后)我吃了晚飯后出去散步。(從句在主句之前)after(3)邏輯順序的調(diào)整①因果順序，英語靈活，漢語中多數(shù)情況是原因在前，結(jié)果在后。②條件(假設(shè))與結(jié)果的順序，英語靈活，在漢語中則是條件在前，結(jié)果在后。如：Istillhopeyouwillcomebackifarrangementscouldbemadewell.(后置)如果安排得好，我還是希望你回來。(前置)03真題鞏固訓(xùn)練(一)[2023婁底]Anantiswalkingbytheriver.Helooksattheriverandsaystohimself,“Howniceandcoolthiswaterlooks!Imustdrinksomeofit.”Butwhenheisdrinking,hefallsintotheriver.“Oh.Help!Help！”theantcries.Adove(鴿子)issittinginthetree.Shehearshimandoffershimaleaf,“Climbupthatleaf，”shesays,“andyouwillgettothebank(河岸)．”Theantfollowstheadvice,andheissaved.“Thankyou,Dove.You'resokind.Youhavesavedmylife,andIwishIcoulddosomethingforyou.Goodbye！”theantsaysandrunshome.“Goodbye！”saysthedove,“Becarefulnottofallintotheriveragain.”Afterafewdays,thedoveisbuildinghernest(巢).Andamanisraisinghisguntoshootather.Theantseesthis,andrunsfasttobitetheman'sleg.“Ouch!Ouch！”Themanfeelsaterriblepainanddropshisgun.Thedovefliesawayquickly.Sothemanpicksuphisgunandleaves.Thedovecomestotheantandsaysgratefully,“Thankyou,mylittlefriend.Youhavesavedmylife.”小螞蟻十分高興，因?yàn)樗軒椭澴印?．Whydoestheantcryforhelp?________________________________________________________________2．Howdoestheanthelpthedove?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________3．Whatcanyoulearnfromthestory?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Becausehefallsintotheriver.Theantseesamanisraisinghisguntoshootatthedove,andrunsfasttobitetheman'sleg.Ifyoudosomethinggoodforothers,otherswilldothesameforyou.(主觀題，言之有理即可)4．將短文中畫線的英文句子翻譯成中文。_______________________________5．將短文中畫線的中文句子翻譯成英文。_____________________________________________________________________________螞蟻聽從了勸告，他得救了。Thelittleantisveryhappybecauseheisabletohelpthedove.(二)[2022長沙改編]DearWang，GreattohearyouarecomingtotheUSA!IdohopeyoucanstopbyandvisitusintheBigApple—apopularnameforNewYorkCity.Therearesomanythingstoseeanddohere.Itwouldtakealifetimetolistthemall:Chinatown,WallStreet,CentralPark,tonameonlyafew.ButknowingyouasIdo,I'dsuggestwalkingthroughMidtownManhattan.It

is

very

popular

in

the

USA

and

just

can't

be

missed！PeopleoftensaythatnovisittoNewYorkCityiscompletewithoutatriptoBroadway!Broadwaywithitscafés,streetperformers(表演者)andcolorfulsignsreallyrepresentsNewYork'sloudspirit!AsBroadwayistheheartoftheAmericantheaterindustry,it'satnightwhenittrulycomesalive.Broadwayiswell-knownforitsbigtheaters.TheyshowShakespeare,modernplays,danceshowsormusicals—takeyourpick!Withyourloveofsingingandinterestindrama(戲劇),I'drecommend(推薦)amusical.It'sagreatandmovingexperiencethatI'msureyouwouldlove—abitlikePekingopera!ManymusicalsarebasedonclassicstorieslikeLes

MiserablesorPeter

Pan,andtheymighteveninspire(激發(fā))youtoreadthebooks,too!MybignewsisthatIamgoingtoChinaonvacationthiswinter.IamlookingforplacesofinterestinChina.Canyourecommendsometome?Seeyousoon!Leslie1.WhatisNewYorkCityalsocalled?___________________________2．Whataremanymusicalsbasedon?_____________________________________________________________________________3．WhenisLesliegoingtoChinaonvacation?________________________TheBigApple.Theyarebasedonclassicstories(likeLesMiserablesorPeterPan).Thiswinter.4．WhichplaceofinterestinChinawillyourecommendtoLeslie?_____________________________________________________________________________5．將短文中畫線句子翻譯成中文。______________________________IwillrecommendtheGreatWalltoher.(主觀題，寫出國內(nèi)的一個(gè)景點(diǎn)即可)它在美國很受歡迎，不容錯(cuò)過！(三)[2023重慶A改編]ATeacher'sDiaryApril14thIputSharla,Tony,andLeetogethertomakeavolcano(火山).Iknewtheyweren'tgoodfriends,andIencouragedallmystudentstolearntoworktogether.Somethingblewup!Onelookedmad,onelookedsad,andonewasnearlyintears.4.他們意見不一致。Oh,dear!Icalmedthemdown.Buttheycouldn'tagreeoneventhebaseforthevolcano,andTonydidn'twanttotouchthepaste(漿糊)．IwonderedifIhadmadeabigmistake.Maybethiswasonegroupwhocouldn'tworktogether.AStudent'sDiaryApril16thYesterday,Mrs.Holtmadeusstaybehindsowecouldfinishplanningourvolcano.Anyway,wefinallymovedaheadwithourproject.Iwasmakingmysidesmooth.Tonyjustwatched(unfair).ItoldLeetosmoothoutherside,too.“No,Sharla,itshouldlooklikearealmountain，”shesaidjustasifsheweretheboss.Thewholethingwentdownhill.5.Thedayendedwithnoprogress.TheShowTimeThelastworkdayfortheprojectcame.“Isthereaproblem？”Mrs.Holtknewwelltherewasaproblem.Shewantedthemtoputitintheirownwords,though.“Well,Ithinkthevolcanoshouldbesmooth，”Sharlabegan.“And，”jumpedinLee,“itshouldlookrocky,likearealmountain.”“Isee.Whatdoyouthink,Tony？”Mrs.Holtwaited.“Well,Ithinkitwouldhavelava(巖漿)runningdown.”“Hey,