浙江高考英語新題型 概要寫作-新題型研讀與訓練（含解析）

新題型05概要寫作

考綱解讀：

?選材特點

（1）所需閱讀的短文詞數(shù)在350以內；

（2）所選材料體裁沒有限制，以說明文、議論文和記敘文為主。

?評分參考

閱卷時主要考慮以下內容：

（1）對原文要點的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；

（2）應用語法結構和詞匯的準確性；

（3）上下文的連貫性；

（4）對各要點表達的正確性情況。

注意：理解準確，涵蓋全部要求，完全使用自己的語言，準確使用相應的語法結構和詞

匯，得分相應比較高。相反，如果概要寫作部分出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象，得分檔次

將會大大降低；所寫內容與所提供內容無關不得分。

2.考查能力

概要寫作，簡言之就是對所讀過的文章簡要概括，寫出文章的中心大意，也可稱之為摘

要。寫概要時，讀者要是把文章的具體信息用一些具有概括功能的詞和句表述出來，而不是

抄襲文章的原句，更不是把細節(jié)性信息作為中心，而是要通過對文章中的單詞、詞組和句子

進行合理轉換，對文章的具體信息進行概括，再用合適的語言表述出來。這一題型主要考查

學生對文章主旨大意的概括和準確獲取關鍵詞的能力，同時考查學生用簡潔的語言概括文章

重要信息的能力以及對文章整體結構的把握能力。因此，概要寫作是基于閱讀理解和書面表

達，是二者的有機結合體，是閱讀理解和書面表達的溝通橋梁。

3.寫作步驟

1）細讀原文。首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨和結構，明確各段的大意。

2）弄清要求。新高考的概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些

問題寫出要點。

3）列出原文要點。分析原文的內容和結構，將內容分項扼要表述并注意在結構上的順

序。在此基礎上選出與文章主題密切相關的部分。

4）在寫作時要特別注意下面幾點：

（1）概要應包括原文中的主要事實，略去不必要的細節(jié)。

（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要應同原文保持協(xié)調，即用較多的文字寫重要內容，用較

少的文字寫次要內容。

（3）注意要點之間的銜接，要用適當?shù)年P聯(lián)詞語貫通全文，切忌只簡單地寫出一些互

不相干的句子，但也不要每兩句之間都加關聯(lián)詞語，以免顯得生硬。

（4）不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語

表達，至少對原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結構上也能有一些轉換會更好。

（5）計算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。

樣題展示：

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。

Ifyouhaven'tseenalpacameat（羊駝肉）onthemenuyet,chancesareyousoonwill.Itis

risinginpopularity;about70restaurantsacrossAustraliafeaturethemeatintheirdishes.Among

themisMelbournerestaurantPastuso,whoseheadchefappearedinavideobytheAustralian

AlpacaAssociationtodiscusshowpeoplehavelikedthedish.AlejandroSaravia,aPeruviancook

atPastuso,describedthetasteassimilartobeef,"Alpacameathasbeenverywellenjoyedbythe

Australianpublic,"hesaidinthevideo.

FamouscookMattMoran,whoownssomeofSydney'sleadingrestaurants,wroteanarticle

forTheDailyTelegraphtodiscusshisexperienceofcookingalpacameat.Moransaidhehad

nevertriedthemeatuntilhevisitedanalpacafarm,anddescribedtheflavouras"verytasty",

especiallythemeatfromtheneck.AlpacameathasalsostarredindishesattheMelbourneFood

andWineFestival,withTheAgereportingin2013about20Australianrestaurantsservedthe

meat,anumberwhichhasgrownquicklysince.

MelbournerestaurantSanTelmo'sheadcookMikePatrickresearchedanalpacadish,and

saidtheresponsewasmixed."Itwas50/50：somepeoplesaid'ohwow—whatareyoucooking

thatfor?Nothankyou'andothersthought'thisisreallycoolandsomethingdifferentandIwant

tohaveatry'.Thepeoplewhotrieditlovedit.It'sapointofdifferenceandpeoplelikethat."

InAustraliaalpacasarefarmedmainlyfortheirfur;buttheAustralianAlpacaAssociation

websitesaidfarmingalpacasformeatisagrowingindustry.Alpacameatisagoodsourceof

proteinwithlittlesaturatedfatandcholesterol月旦固醇）；itisalsoenvironmentallyfriendlywhen

peoplefeedthem.Alpacasareabletostanddryconditionsforlongerthanmostotheranimals,

andtheirsoftfeetcauselittledamagetothesoilandecosystem.

文章大意i

i

Paragraph1：如果你還沒有在菜單上看到過羊駝肉，那么你很快就會看到了。羊駝肉1

正越來越流行。

i

Paragraph2：廚師MattMoran稱直到他參觀了一個羊駝牧場他才嘗試了羊駝肉，并表；

i

示它的味道美極了。羊駝肉美妙的味道使其逐漸被列入節(jié)日活動及餐廳的菜單中。

I

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Paragraph3：一半的人喜歡羊駝肉的美味，而另一半的人還不愿意嘗試。

?

Paragraph4：在澳大利亞，人們飼養(yǎng)羊駝主要是為了它的皮毛，而將羊駝作為肉食動j

物飼養(yǎng)的這個產業(yè)正在發(fā)展，因為羊駝肉富含飽和脂肪和膽固醇含量比較低的蛋白質，且

飼養(yǎng)羊駝也比較環(huán)保。

i

【范文】

i

Youmaysoonenjoyalpacameatbecauseitisbecomingpopular.（要點1）Moreandmore

restaurantsareservingitforitsdelicioustaste,whichisthoughthighlyofbycooks.（要點2）

Abouthalfpeoplewantingtotryitlikeitstastewhileothersevenrefusetotryit.（要點3）

Alpacameatisrichinhealth-beneficialproteinandraisingalpacasdoeslittleharmtothe

environmentandecosystem,whichleadstothedevelopmentoftheindustryoffeedingalpacas

i

formeat.（要點4）

L........................................................................................................................................i

解題技巧：

概要寫作，其實我們考生并不陌生，在日常的英語教學中，教師經常讓學生就所學英語

課文逐段概括段落大意或者復述課文，這在一定程度上都為概要寫作打基礎。除此之外，作

為考生，還要注意以下幾點：

(1)積累常見的同義短語和句型轉換，掌握并運用單詞、短語和句型。”巧婦難為無米

之炊〃，即使有再好的寫作技巧，如果沒有相應的基礎詞匯和句法知識，也很難寫出概要寫

作的上乘之作。因此，考生要在基礎詞匯和句法知識上下功夫，以不變應萬變。

(2)進行適度地專題練習。有計劃地進行適度練習有利于考生快速掌握概要寫作的要

點，找到概要寫作的感覺，沖破對概要寫作的不適感。平時可多關注往年的高考閱讀文章，

進行結構分析和主旨概括訓練?？砂次捏w和題材，分類訓練篇章結構的布局，增強對文章上

下文連貫性的把握。概要寫作首先要掌握各種文體的寫作特點和框架。如：

記敘文：what/who/when/where/why/how

議論文：opinion/idea+argument(supportingideas/reasons)

說明文：phenomenon/problem+reason+solution(causeandeffect),introductionofan

object(howitismade,howitisused,howitmaychange,whatmakesitneworsignificant)

新聞：afocusonthefirstparagraphandthefirstandlastsentencesoftheother

paragraphs

通關演練：

1

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。

Anewstudyhasbeenpublishedthatputswaterqualityandtheskinofbabiesunderthe

microscope.Dr.CarstenFlohrandhisteamatKing'sCollegeLondonpresentedtheresultsoftheir

population-basedstudyinTheJournalofAllergyandClinicalImmunology.

Researchersinvolvedabout1,300three-month-oldbabiesfromacrosstheUKinthisstudy.

Theylookedspecificallyatthelevelofcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)inthewater,whichisa

measureofwaterhardness.Thelevelofchlorine(M)inthefamily'swatersupplywasalsotaken

intoconsideration,aswastheuseofbathingproducts,andhowregularlythebabieswerebathed.

Thebabieswerethenexaminedforthepresenceofchildhoodeczema(濕疹).Thenaturalbarrier

oftheirskinwasalsoexamined;babieswerescreenedfortheFLGgenewhichisassociatedwith

anaffectedskinbarrier.

Thestudyfoundthathardwaterislinkedtoan87percentincreasedriskofeczemafor

babiesofthreemonthsofage."Ourstudybuildsongrowingevidenceofalinkbetweenexposure

tohardwaterandtheriskofdevelopingeczemainchildhood.It'snotyetclearwhethercalcium

carbonatehasadirectbadeffectontheskinbarrier;orwhetherotherenvironmentalfactors

directlyrelatedtowaterhardness,suchasthewater'spH,mayberesponsible,"Dr.CarstenFlohr

said.

Andthestudy,thankfully,doesn'tendthere.Dr.Flohrwillbeexaminingtheseresultsfurther,

withanewstudyintheworks.Thislatestudyisduetobeginlaterthisyearandthequestionthey

willbeseekingtoansweriswhetheradevicetolowerwaterhardnessinhouseholdswillhave

anyeffectontheskinofbabies.Ifadeviceisintroducedintoahouseholdwhenababyisborn,

willtheriskofeczemadevelopingbereduced?Forthosewithbabiesorchildrensuffering,this

couldbethenewsyouhavehopedfor.

文章大意

Paragraph1：CarstenFlohr博士和他的團隊發(fā)表了一項關于水質和嬰兒皮膚的關系的新研究。

Paragraph2：該研究的受試者為英國大約1300名3個月大的嬰兒。研究人員調查了水中碳酸鈣的含量、洗

澡用品的使用'洗澡頻率、濕疹的發(fā)病率等諸多方面。

Paragraph3:研究發(fā)現(xiàn)硬度高的水會使3個月大的嬰兒患濕疹的風險增加87%.然而,像碳酸鈣是否直接損

害皮膚的屏障赭其他環(huán)境因素是否會直接影響水的硬度這樣的問題還沒有被弄清楚。

Paragraph4:Flohr博士將繼續(xù)研究降低水硬度的家用設備對嬰兒的皮膚及降低嬰兒患濕疹的枇率是否有影

響。

【范文】

Newresearchintothelinkbetweenwaterqualityandinfantskinhealthhasmade

progress.（要點1）Todrawtheconclusion,researchersexaminedabout1,3003-month-oldinfants,

takingvariousfactorssuchaswaterhardnessintoconsideration.（要點2）Theyfoundhardwater

madetheriskofeczemaforbabiesincreaseby87%,butquestionslikewhethercalcium

carbonateharmstheskinbarrierdirectlyremainunclear.（要點3）Dr.Flohrwillfurtherexamine

whetherahouseholddeviceloweringwaterhardnessbenefitsbabies'skinorprotectsthemfrom

eczema.（要點4）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。

Manypeoplearefondoflisteningtomusic.Whetherit'slightmusicorjazzmusic,itcan

improveourmoods.Musichasbeenwithussinceveryearlytimesinhumanhistory.Haveyou

everwonderedhowmusicmightaffectourhealth?

Researchshowsthathavingmusicaltrainingandlisteningtoorplayingmusicatanoldage

canhelpkeepthebrainhealthy.Sincelisteningtomusicislikeexercisingthebrain,onecan

expectthebenefitsofbettermemoryandmentalsharpnessasheorsheages.

Musiccanmakeyoufeelhappy,excitedorevenpumpedup.Listeningtomusicthathitsyou

inaspecialwaycausesyourbraintoreleasedopamine,whichisknownasa,,feel-good"chemical.

Itcausesustofeelhappyandexcited.Listeningtomusicprovidesuswiththesameburstof

happinessthatwewouldgetfromeatingapieceofchocolate.

Musiccanstrengthentheheartandshortentherecoverytimeofpatientswhoaresuffering

fromheartdisease.Astudyfoundthatheartdiseasepatientswholistenedtomusicfor30

minuteshadlowerbloodpressure,slowerheartratesandlesssadnessthanthosewhodidn't.

ResearchersfromDrexelUniversityfoundthatcancerpatientswhoeitherlistenedtomusicor

workedwithamusictherapisthadbetterbloodpressurelevelsandimprovedmoods.

Musiccanreducelevelsofthestresshormone,whichweakenstheimmune（免疫）system,

increasingriskofheartdisease,affectinglearningandmemory,loweringbonedensity（密度）and

bloodpressure,etc.Researchfoundthatbylisteningtojust50minutesofupliftingmusic,the

levelsofantibodiesinthehumanbodyincrease.

Researchhasfoundthatlisteningtomusicpromotesbettersleeppatternsforpeopleand

evencreatesmorerestfulsleep.Insomecases,musicmightevenbeabletobeusedtoeffectively

treatsleeplessness.Musiccanhavepositiveeffectsonthesoulandqualityoflifeaswell.

文章大意

Paragraph1：很多人喜歡聽音樂，音樂從人類歷史早期就和人類相依相伴了，目對我們的健康有益。

Paragraph2：研究顯示接受音樂訓練'聽音樂或演奏音樂有助于保持老年人的大腦健康。

Paragraphs：音樂可以使人們感到開心、興奮或者受到鼓舞。

Paragraphs4&5：音樂還可以使患有心臟病、高血壓或癌癥的人受益，并能提高人的免疫力。

Paragraph6：音樂能改善人的睡眠模式，讓人安然入睡，還對人的心靈和生活質量有積極影響。

【范文】

Musichasbeenpartofourlivessinceancienttimesanditbenefitsourhealth.（要點1）

Musiccankeeptheagingbrainhealthyandmakeushappyorcheerusup.（要點2）Asforits

medicalbenefits,musicisgoodforpatientswithheartdisease,highbloodpressureorcancerand

canboostourimmunesystem.（要點3）Besides,musiccanhelpussleepwellandpositivelyaffect

oursoulandlifequality.（要點4）

I

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。

TheWorldRiceConferencehasvotedCambodianricethebestriceintheworld.Cambodia

producedjustonepercentoftheworld'srice.Itistryingtoincreasethatamount,andtheaward

mayhelp.

Thecountry'sriceindustryissmallandnotwell-organized.Asaresult,largeamountsof

unprocessedricearesenttoThailandandVietnamwhereitissoldforahigherprice.Butrice

meansalottoCambodia'seconomy.ManyCambodianssurviveinpartbygrowingriceonsmall

piecesofland.

SokPuthyvuthisthepresidentofCambodiaRiceFederation."Weneedbetterseeds,we

needabettercollectionprocess,weneedbetterstorage,weneedbetterlogistics（物流），andalso

ourexportneedstobrandCambodianricetobeoneofthetopbrandsintheworld."KeatChhon

isCambodia'sformerdeputyprimeminister.Hesaysincreasingriceexportwillimprovethelives

ofmanyofthecountry'sfarmers.Hesaysthepurposeofthericepolicyistoreducepovertyand

helppeopleinruralareasearnmore.Thisishighlybeneficialtomakingthedevelopmentgap

betweenruralandurbanareasinCambodiasmaller.

ButexporterDavidVansaysthecountry'sriceindustrycontinuestosufferfromthesame

problemsithashadformanyyears.Hesaystheseincludethehighcostofelectricityandalackof

goodseeds.Andhesaysthecountry'sriceindustryneedstochangethewayitmarketsits

producttoshowitisdifferentfromwhatothercountriesoffer,"Youneedtodifferentiateyour

productfromthatofyourcompetitornextdoor.Otherwise,yourproductwillcontinuebeing

comparedautomaticallytowhatthenext-doorcompetitorisoffering."Cambodiafacesother

problemsaswell.CountrieslikeMyanmaralsowanttoincreasetheirriceexport.And,Thailand

hasextrarice,whichisforcingdownprices.

-又rV早大思

Paragraph1：柬嗾的大米被投選為世界上最好的大米,這有助于它提高其大米產量在世界大米產量中所占

的比例。

Paragraph2：柬埔寨的大米產業(yè)規(guī)模小，不系統(tǒng)。但是大米對柬埔寨的經濟很重要，因為許多柬埔寨人在某

種程度上靠種大米為生。

Paragraph3：為了解決大米產業(yè)面臨的問題、提高柬埔寨大多數(shù)農民的生活，柬埔寨需

要更好的種子、收割工序、儲藏方法、物流和提高大米出口量及競爭力。

Paragraph4：柬埔寨的大米產業(yè)還遭受著一些問題，如電力成本高、缺少良種，它也應

該改變大米的營銷方式，以使其"鶴立雞群"。

【范文】

Cambodianricewasvotedtheworld'sbest.（要點1）RiceisveryimportanttoCambodia's

economybecausemanyCambodianslivepartlybygrowingrice,butitsriceindustryisn'twell

developed.（要點2）SoCambodianeedsimprovementinmanyaspects,suchasseedsandthe

collectionprocess,andshouldincreaseitsriceexporttobenefititsfarmers.（要點3）Considering

theproblemsitsriceindustryfaces,italsoshouldchangethewayofadvertisingandpresenting

itsricetoshowitisunique.（要，點4）

I

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。

Haveyoueverreallythoughtabouttheeffectstelevisionhasonyourchildren?98%of

familiesintheUShaveatleastoneTV,accordingtoTV-FreeAmerica,andtheTVisonanaverage

ofsevenhoursand12minutesaday.Onaverage,achildaged2-11watchesTVfor1,197minutes

aweek!Itisprettysurprisingtoseethatthesameagegroupofchildrenonlyspend38.5minutes

aweekonameaningfulconversationwiththeirparents.

AschildrenstartwatchingTVatayoungerage,theirbehaviorandrelationshipswiththeir

familycanbeaffectedmoredrastically.Whenagroupof4-to6-year-oldswereaskedtochoose

betweenwatchingtelevisionandspendingtimewiththeirfathers,54%preferredTV.Butwhatif

youdon'tletyoursmallchildrenwatchTV?Youmaynot.Butifyourtoddler（學步的小孩）goes

todaycare,youmaynotknow,70%ofdaycarecentersusetheTVduringatypicalday.Shouldn't

theybeplayingwitheachotherandlearning,notdoingsomethingtheycandoathome?

Parentsdonothavetofeelcompletelyhelpless.Asof2000,allTVsnowhaveachipthat

helpsmonitorandevenblockcertainshows,withaparentalcontrol.AllTVshavechipssoifyou

feelTVisnotaswonderfulasitseemedbefore,justthinkyouhaveatleastalittlepowerover

whatyourkidswatch.

Butwhatisevenmoreshockingishowmuchviolenceisshownontelevision.Somekidsdo

enjoythatbutmostdon't.Thepercentageofchildrensurveyedwhosaidtheyfelt"upset"byor

"scared"ofviolenceonTVis91%!Ithinkthatshowscontainingviolenceorscaryscenesshould

bebroadcastatalatertime,sosmallerchildrenwillnotbeexposedtothem.

文章大意

Paragraph1：據(jù)TV-FreeAmenca所說，98%的美國家庭中都有電視，目電視平均每期7個多小時。2至

11歲的孩子每周花費到電視上的時間要比與父母聊天抑寸間多得多。

Paragraph2：孩子們從很小的時候就開始看電視,不管是在家中還是在日耽兒所，這對他們的行為和與家

人的關系的影響也更大。

Paragraph3：電視中監(jiān)管芯片的弓I人使家長能更容易控制孩子們所看的電視內容。

Paragraph4：因為許多孩子都不喜戲電視節(jié)目中的暴力因素，所以，電視臺應往后調整那些含有暴力或者恐

怖場景的電視節(jié)目的播出時間，從而使小孩子能避開逡些內容。

【范文】

TVaffectschildrenmuchand2-to11-year-oldsspendmuchmoretimeonTVseveryweek

thancommunicatingwiththeirparents.（要點1）ManychildrenwatchTVbothathomeandin

daycarecenters,negativelyinfluencingthewaytheybehaveandtheparent-childrelationship.

（要點2）TheintroductionofmonitorchipstoTVmakesiteasierforparentstocontrolwhatkids

watch,relievingtheirconcerns.（要,點3）Programswithviolenceareadvisedtobeairedlaterto

keepyoungchildrenawayfromthem.（要點4）

5

Someexpertsarguethefactthatalmostoneinfourteensisconstantlyonlineisadangerous

thing,yetIbelievethatit'sanopportunity.Technologybringsusclosertogetherandcanhelpus

ineverydayliferatherthanreplacingfriendswithscreens.

First,Ibelievethattechnologytakestheembarrassmentoutofface-to-facecontact,as

talkingtosomeonemaymakeyouuncomfortable.Youcouldnotsaywhatisonyourmind.A

muchsimplerwayofcommunicatingisthroughtexts.Bytextingaperson,thereisno

resistanee什氐抗）towhatyouaretryingtosay.Youareabletoreviseyourwordsbeforeyousend

them,hopefullynotsayingsomethingyouwilllaterregretorthatcouldhurtsomeone'sfeelings.

Apartfrommakingfriendsface-to-face,thereareotherwaysofinteractionusingtechnology.

Technologycanhelpbondpeopletogetherbyshowingsimilarinterests.

Second,technologycanhelpfriendsandfamilykeep