中考英語二輪語法突破復(fù)習(xí)課件：題型一+還原型閱讀

題型一還原型閱讀一、根據(jù)設(shè)空位置判斷

一般情況下，該題型設(shè)空位置有三種：段首，段中，段尾。設(shè)空位置不同，句子的功能及所使用的解題方法不同：

◆設(shè)空在段首，一般有以下三種情況:

（1）是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則,查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞,推斷出主題句。

（2）與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折或因果等關(guān)系。著重閱讀后文第一句,鎖定線索詞,然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞。通常設(shè)空處所填句子與空后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句之間會(huì)有某種邏輯關(guān)系。

（3）是段落間的過渡句。這時(shí)要瞻前顧后,即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分,并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容，看所選答案是否能將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來。

◆設(shè)空在段中,一般在文中起承上啟下的作用，可采取以下方法:

重點(diǎn)閱讀該空的前一句和后一句,找出它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系,或者根據(jù)上下文語義的連貫性,得出答案;如果沒有把握,再分析該段的主題。因?yàn)槎温渲黝}確定后,所有的句子和詞都是圍繞該主題進(jìn)行闡述的。

◆設(shè)空在段尾,

一般有以下四種情況:

（1）通常是總結(jié)、概括性語句。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論和總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞（組）,如so,

as

a

result,

in

short,

in

a

word等,選項(xiàng)中也可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)前文的同義詞（句）。

（2）與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。此時(shí)要注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比的連接詞,同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。

（3）與前文是并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。在這種情況下,通常是該段落要求補(bǔ)充說明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié),因此,根據(jù)段落一致性原則應(yīng)在原文和選項(xiàng)中找到相關(guān)的特征詞。通常在選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的連接詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu),或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他線索。

（4）與后文是承接關(guān)系。如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián),此時(shí)可考慮設(shè)空處與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開頭幾句,看是否能在選項(xiàng)中找到相關(guān)信息。二、結(jié)合前后語境判斷

依據(jù)不同設(shè)空位置與前后語境，靈活運(yùn)用以下方法選出答案：

方法1：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法

詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)主要包括同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義表達(dá)語復(fù)現(xiàn)等?？忌梢约?xì)讀十一個(gè)選項(xiàng),找出關(guān)鍵詞,再去原文中查讀相對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞,關(guān)鍵詞在文中通常出現(xiàn)在空格處的上句或下句，由此可初步確定答案。

方法2：代詞線索法

代詞指代前后句中的內(nèi)容，包括人稱、地點(diǎn)、名詞及名詞短語。巧妙利用代詞的指代關(guān)系和代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。

方法3：邏輯關(guān)系法

在答題過程中，我們需要根據(jù)句子在文章中的位置聯(lián)系上下文，梳理句子間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而正確答題。能表明句與句之間、層與層之間聯(lián)系的連接詞（組）包含以下幾種：邏輯關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞（組）因果關(guān)系because,

for,

since,

therefore,

as,

so,

for

this

reason,

as

a

result等并列/遞進(jìn)關(guān)系and,

or,

as

well

as,

not

only…but

also…,

on

the

one

hand…

on

the

other

hand,

besides,

also,

even,

in

addition,

what's

more,

first,

second,

third,

firstly,

secondly,

thirdly,

next,

then等邏輯關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞（組）轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步關(guān)系though，

although，

even

if,

however,

instead,

while,

still,

even

though,

yet等解釋、例證關(guān)系such

as,

for

example,

in

other

words,

that

is

（to

say）,

it

means…,

in

fact等

（2024新疆）Everyone

has

a

dream.

What

role

does

a

dream

play

in

our

life?

When

I

was

young,

my

dream

was

to

be

a

fireman.

I

thought

it

would

be

cool

to

ride

around.1.___

For

years,

I

held

on

to

this

dream.

But

when

I

got

older,

I

had

another

dream.

2.___

He

teaches

in

a

university.3.___I

really

admire

him.

So

that's

why

I

am

a

teacher

now.

I

enjoy

every

minute

when

I

stay

with

students.

4.___

I

never

regret

giving

up

my

dream

to

be

a

fireman.AAEB

Life

doesn't

always

give

us

the

joys

we

want.5.___

It

doesn't

matter

whatever

our

dreams

are.

If

we

actively

pursue（追求）

them,

we

will

move

closer

to

our

dreams.

If

we

stick

to

what

we

have

to

do,

we

can

build

ourselves

better.

That

is

the

most

important

thing

to

us.A.

I

wanted

to

be

a

teacher

like

my

father.B.

I

enjoy

every

moment

when

I

see

students

make

progress.C.

And

putting

out

fire

could

make

me

feel

like

a

superman.D.

Life

may

push

our

dreams

in

another

direction.E.

He

has

helped

many

students

to

achieve

their

dreams.D1.___A[解析]

邏輯關(guān)系推斷法：根據(jù)上文“When

I

was

young,

my

dream

was

to

be

a

fireman.

I

thought

it

would

be

cool

to

ride

around.”可知，此處談到作為消防員作者覺得酷的理由。故選C。2.___A[解析]

邏輯關(guān)系推斷法與代詞指代搜索法：根據(jù)下文“He

teaches

in

a

university.

”可知，此處應(yīng)該是對(duì)“he”的相關(guān)介紹。故選A。3.___E[解析]

邏輯關(guān)系推斷法：根據(jù)下文“I

really

admire

him.”可知，此處作者談到了自己佩服他的原因。故選E。4.___B[解析]

邏輯關(guān)系推斷法：根據(jù)上文“I

enjoy

every

minute

when

I

stay

with

students.”可知，此處表示作者享受作為老師的每段時(shí)光。故選B。5.___D[解析]

詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)判斷法和代詞指代搜索法：根據(jù)上文“Life

doesn't

always

give

us

the

joys

we

want.”可知，此處談到生活可能不會(huì)讓夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)，而讓它走向另一個(gè)方向。故選D。【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。主要通過講述作者夢(mèng)想不斷發(fā)生變化的故事，告訴我們：勇敢追夢(mèng)，塑造更好的自我。Passage

1

（2024江蘇常州改編）“Sunrise

gold”

is

a

colour

that

means

a

lot

to

me.

1.___I

like

it

because

it

gives

me

peace,

energy

and

hope

in

the

face

of

difficulty.

When

I

was

in

the

eighth

grade,

I

took

part

in

a

speech

competition.

Although

I

made

all

my

efforts,

I

didn't

win.

2.___

I

had

trouble

falling

asleep

that

night.

It

was

3:30

in

the

morning,

and

there

was

nothing

but

me

and

my

unhappy

heart.

I

got

up

and

went

upstairs

to

the

roof（屋頂）

top

to

clear

my

mind.CA

3.___

At

first,

it

was

orange

and

red,

but

after

a

short

while,

the

sun

awoke

from

its

sleep

and

painted

the

sky

with

its

gold

colour.

The

sunlight

shone

on

everything—trees,

roofs

and

streets.

4.___

The

rays

of

light

woke

up

the

gentle

morning

wind

and

sent

it

moving

across

the

field,

touching

my

face

and

everything

gently.

It

also

woke

up

the

early

birds,

which

were

singing

happily.

There

and

then

I

realized

that

past

is

history,

no

matter

how

much

we

regret

it.

I

thought

to

myself,

“Maybe

I

can

start

once

more,

just

like

the

dawn（黎明）.”

5.___

Now,

whenever

I

face

difficulties,

I

remember

what

the

“sunrise

gold”

made

me

understand

that

morning.DEBA.The

failure

hit

me

hard

and

made

me

feel

painful.B.I

went

downstairs,

feeling

energetic

and

hopeful.C.The

colour

mixes

gold

with

a

bit

of

red

and

yellow.D.I

stayed

there

until

a

ray

of

light

appeared

in

the

sky.E.I

felt

its

warmth

flow

through

my

body

and

into

my

heart.Passage

2零廢棄生活

A

zero-waste

life

is

a

lifestyle

that

hardly

creates

any

rubbish.

1.___

So

the

zero-waste

store

is

about

providing

a

kind

of

everyday

and

good-looking

zero-waste

products

to

help

people

start

on

a

zero-waste

life

journey.

Zero-waste

was

first

suggested

by

a

French

woman

called

Bea

Johnson.

2.___For

example,

stop

the

use

of

one-off

objects;

give

unwanted

things

to

others

and

so

on.BE

Yu

Yuan,

27,

is

attracted

by

this

idea.

She

and

her

boyfriend

used

to

buy

something

unwanted

until

she

saw

a

video

about

“zero-waste”.

3.___

She

had

a

deep

impression.D

4.___They

tried

to

follow

the

six

rules.

She

started

making

her

own

toothpaste

and

taking

reusable

bags

shopping.

Step

by

step,

she

made

small

changes.

From

August

to

October,

she

and

her

boyfriend

Joe

Harvey

both

produced

only

two

cans

of

rubbish.

Now

the

couple

have

opened

a

small

shop

in

Beijing.

5.___“It

is

not

something

that

can

happen

overnight,”

said

Yu.

“I

hope

more

people

will

change

their

lifestyle

after

visiting

our

shop

because

zero-waste

life

is

just

around

us

at

our

fingertips.”

She

expects

her

friends

to

join

her

on

the

road

to

zero-waste.CAA.People

can

buy

the

reused

products

there.B.It

follows

the

6R

rule:

Refuse,

Reduce,

Reuse,

Repair,

Recycle

and

Rot.C.Later,

Yu

wanted

to

experience

this

zero-waste

lifestyle

with

her

boyfriend.D.In

the

video,

a

family

of

four

placed

the

rubbish

they

produced

every

year

in

a

jar.E.Her

idea

is

to

try

not

to

create

any

rubbish

and

to

save

the

environment

in

different

ways.Passage

3岳順讓衍紙技藝綻放精彩

Look

at

the

beautiful

works

of

art.

Do

you

know

how

Yue

Shun,

a

31-year-old

man,

made

them?

Out

of

paper!

1.___

He

joined

the

DIY

Club

at

college

and

heard

of

paper

quilling（衍紙）

for

the

first

time.

However,

Yue

didn't

learn

much

about

it

at

that

time.

One

day

in

2015,

Yue

watched

a

video

of

paper

quilling

teaching

by

accident

online.

2.___“I

got

to

know

many

people

who

take

a

strong

interest

in

paper

quilling.

They

were

glad

to

share

their

skills

and

experience

with

me

online,”

Yue

said.

“3.___”BAE

Over

the

years,

Yue

has

spent

all

his

free

time

practicing

to

improve

his

paper

quilling

skills.

So

far,

he's

made

hundreds

of

paper

quilling

works.

“To

finish

a

beautiful

work,

I

need

to

use

all

kinds

of

coloured

paper

and

different

skills.

4.___

It's

interesting

for

me,”

said

Yue.

Yue

also

teaches

paper

quilling

at

several

schools

now.

Paper

quilling

is

easy

to

get

started.

5.___

Yue

is

glad

that

his

dream

has

come

true—more

and

more

people

know

and

love

paper

quilling.

In

the

future,

Yue

plans

to

make

more

paper

quilling

works

about

Chinese

culture.

“I

hope

people

all

over

the

world

can

learn

more

about

Chinese

culture

from

my

works,”

he

said.CDA.Then

he

started

to

learn

it

through

online

videos.B.When

Yue

was

a

child,

he

was

interested

in

DIY.C.It

takes

hard

work

and

lots

of

time,

but

I

enjoy

it.D.Lots

of

students

fall

in

love

with

the

art

because

of

his

classes.E.With

their

help,

I

finished

my

first

paper

quilling

work—a

clock.Passage

4

Every

summer,

drowning（溺水）

accidents

happen

among

students

from

time

to

time.

The

best

way

to

avoid

drowning

is

to

learn

to

swim.

For

this,

many

schools

have

offered

swimming

lessons.

1.___Like

any

physical

activity,

swimming

carries

risks.

So

it's

important

to

make

sure

that

you

do

it

safely.

Here

are

some

things

you

should

know.

Don't

swim

alone.

No

matter

how

old

you

are,

swimming

alone

is

a

bad

idea.

2.___

You

may

fall,

get

hit

or

have

other

unexpected

accidents.

So

always

have

someone

with

you.

They

can

help

you

or

call

for

help

for

you

if

anything

happens.DE

3.___

For

example,

don't

swim

if

you

have

an

open

wound.

If

you

develop

pain

while

swimming,

stop

and

rest.

And

if

you

still

don't

feel

better,

get

out

of

the

pool.

Follow

the

pool

rules

and

signs.

4.___So

look

for

and

read

the

pool

safety

information

carefully

before

getting

into

the

water.

And

don't

jump

into

any

water

unless

you

know

how

deep

it

is.

Be

patient

to

practice.

5.___Start

by

swimming

once

or

twice

a

week,

and

don't

expect

to

break

any

speed

or

distance

records

in

a

short

time.

Maybe

in

the

beginning

you

can

only

make

it

halfway

across

the

pool

before

you

need

to

take

a

break,

and

that's

okay.

As

you

practice

more,

you'll

be

able

to

swim

for

longer

each

time.BACA.They

are

there

to

protect

you.B.Swim

only

when

you

feel

comfortable.C.It

takes

time

to

improve

your

swimming

skills.D.Swimming

is

both

a

useful

life

skill

and

a

great

sport.E.You

never

know

what

may

happen

while

you

are

swimming.Passage

5

Do

you

know

a

large

number

of

young

people

are

influenced

by

all

kinds

of

choices

today?

This

can

be

a

good

thing

or

a

bad

thing,

but

it

leads

some

young

people

to

experience

“mental

internal

friction（精神內(nèi)耗）”.

Experts

regard

“mental

internal

friction”

as

the

confusion（混亂）.

1.___They

want

to

move

“old

ideas”

to

“new

ideas”.

They

have

to

ask

themselves

such

questions

as

“Are

the

new

ideas

good?”,

“Do

they

fit

me?”

or

“Will

they

make