醫(yī)學英語高頻詞匯01+呼吸系統(tǒng)

高頻核心詞匯課程 課前課醫(yī)學詞匯構(gòu)成-例詞gastritis

[ɡ?‘stra?t?s]

胃炎gastr/o(stomach) -itis(inflammation)(gastroitis)gastroenterology

[,g?stro,?nt?'rɑl?d?i]

腸胃病學gastr/o(stomach)

enter/o(intestines) -logy(process

of

study)(Gastr?enterology)epigastric[,ep?'ɡ?str?k]上腹部的epi-(above)

gastr/o(stomach) -ic(pertaining

to)醫(yī)學詞匯構(gòu)成-成分Root（詞根）-foundation

of

the

word.

(gastr)Suffix（后綴）-word

ending.

(-itis)Prefix（前綴）-word

beginning.

(epi-)Combiningvowel（聯(lián)結(jié)元音）-usually

“o”.Combining

form（聯(lián)結(jié)形式）-root/o

(gastr/o)醫(yī)學詞匯構(gòu)成-法則詞匯釋義時由后綴讀起，返回詞首。后綴只有一個且必須存在。前綴不是必須存在，但是有無前綴對詞匯本身影響很大。詞根可以是一個，兩個或多個。聯(lián)結(jié)原音可以是五個元音字母中的任何一個，但“O”最為常見，用來聯(lián)結(jié)詞根與后綴、詞根與詞根。如果后綴的第一個字母為元音字母，則省去與之相連詞根的聯(lián)結(jié)元音“O”。詞根與詞根之間的聯(lián)結(jié)元音“O”不能省略，即使第二個詞根的第一個字母為元音字母。呼吸系統(tǒng)高頻詞匯 第一課01.alveolar

[?l‘vi?l?]

肺泡的alveol/o(alveolus,

air

sac)

-ar(pertaining

to)However,

these

values

change

greatly

from

time

to

time

dependingonthe

rate

ofalveolar

ventilation

and

the

rate

of

oxygen

and

carbondioxide

transfer

into

and

outof

the

blood.但上述數(shù)值隨時會發(fā)生較大的改變，這取決于肺泡通氣率和氧及二氧化碳進出血液的速率。來自梁平教授02.

diffuse

alveolar

damage

彌漫性肺泡損傷Airway

Alterationsand

Diffuse

AlveolarDamagein

AcuteRespiratory

Distress

Syndrome:

Is

There

Any

Association?急性呼吸窘迫綜合征的氣道改變和彌漫性肺泡損傷：是否有關(guān)聯(lián)？Source:

ArchBronconeumol 2018

May.03.

bronchoalveolar

carcinoma

支氣管肺泡癌bronch/o

(bronchial

tube,

bronchus)carcin/o(cancerous,

cancer) -oma(tumor)Our

patient

is

a

13-year-old

boy

who

had

concurrent

diagnoses

ofEwing

sarcoma

and

minimally

invasive

adenocarcinoma

of

the

lung,formerly

bronchoalveolarcarcinoma.我們的患者是一名13歲男孩，同時診斷為尤文肉瘤和肺低程度浸潤性腺癌，原診斷為支氣管肺泡癌。Source：J

Pediatr

Hematol

Oncol2018May;40

(4):325-327.04.bronchospasm['br??k?sp?z?m]

支氣管痙攣-spasm(sudden

contraction)Theterm

chronic

asthmatic

bronchitis

is

applied

in

patients

withpersistent

airways

obstruction,

a

chronic

productive

cough,

and

amajor

problem

of

episodic

bronchospasm.慢性氣喘性支氣管炎這一名稱適用于持續(xù)性氣道障礙，慢性濕咳和陣發(fā)性支氣管痙攣為主要癥狀的病人。來自梁平教授05.

bronchodilator

[,br??k?udai‘leit?]支氣管擴張劑/器-dilator(one

who

can

causedilation)Regular

lung

function

tests

revealed

thatsmokers

assigned

to

takeplaceboexperienced

a

mean

decline

of263.9

ml

in

post-bronchodilatorFEV1

over

the

3-year

period

compared

with

a

meandeclineof

180.8

ml

among

non-smokers

taking

placebo.常規(guī)的肺功能測定顯示，在3年期間，被指定接收安慰劑的吸煙者使用支氣管擴張器后FEV1值平均下降263.9ml，相比而言，接受安慰劑的非吸煙者平均下降180.8ml。Source:

【medical-news】Smokers

andnon-smokers

with

asthma

gain

similar

benefits

frombudesonide

therapy

in

terms

of

limiting

their

lung

function

decline,

researchshows.06.bronchopleural[b'r?nt??plju?r?l]

支氣管胸膜的pleur/o(pleura)Persistent

bronchopleural

fistula

after

chemotherapyand

closedtube

drainage

may

require

direct

operative

closure.在化療或閉合引流后，如支氣管胸膜瘺仍持續(xù)不愈，則需直接進行手術(shù)封閉。來自梁平教授07.

bronchiolitis

[,brɑ?k?o‘la?t?s]

細支氣管炎bronchiol/o(bronchiole,

small

bronchus)-itis(inflammation)Even

after

oneepisode

of

bronchiolitis,

up

to

50%

of

these

childrencan

have

chronic

wheezing

which

means

asthma.甚至在一次毛細支氣管炎發(fā)作之后，這些患兒中有慢性喘鳴者可達50％，這種慢性喘鳴就意味著哮喘。來自梁平教授08.

bronchial

provocationtest

[,prɑv?'ke??n]支氣管激發(fā)試驗The

methacholine

[meθe?'ko?l??n]

bronchial

provocationtest(MBPT)

is

used

to

detectand

quantify

airway

hyper-responsiveness(AHR).乙酰膽堿支氣管激發(fā)試驗（MBPT）用于檢測和量化氣道高反應性（AHR）。Source：Korean

J

Intern

Med

2018

Jul;33

(4): 807-814.09.

bronchiectasis

[,brɑ?k?'?kt?s?s]

支氣管擴張bronchi/o

(bronchus)

-ectasis(widening,

dilation)Asa

rule

the

onset

isinsidious

and

the

symptoms

are

those

ofchronicbronchitisand

bronchiectasis.通常起病緩慢，出現(xiàn)慢性支氣管炎和支氣管擴張的癥狀。來自梁平教授10.atelectasis

[,?t?'l?kt?s?s]

肺不張；（出生時肺的）膨脹不全atel/o(incomplete)Atelectasisis

usually

manifested

by

fever

(pathogenesis

unknown),tachypnea,

and

tachycardia.肺不張通常表現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱(發(fā)病機理未知)、呼吸急促和心動過速。來自梁平教授Terminology

Reviewalveolar

[?l‘vi?l?]肺泡的diffusealveolar

damage

彌漫性肺泡損傷bronchoalveolar

carcinoma

支氣管肺泡癌bronchospasm

['br??k?sp?z?m]

支氣管痙攣bronchodilator

[,br??k?udai‘leit?]支氣管擴張劑/器bronchopleural

[b'r?nt??plju?r?l]

支氣管胸膜的bronchiolitis

[,brɑ?k?o‘la?t?s]

細支氣管炎bronchial

provocation

test

[,prɑv?'ke??n]支氣管激發(fā)試驗bronchiectasis

[,brɑ?k?'?kt?s?s]

支氣管擴張atelectasis

[,?t?'l?kt?s?s]肺不張；（出生時肺的）膨脹不全呼吸系統(tǒng)高頻詞匯 第二課11.

airway

remodeling

[ri'm?dli?]氣道重建The

mice

were

sacrificed

72-h

after

the

lastchallenge

to

examinethe

airway

remodeling,inflammation,

and

expression

profiles

ofcytokines

and

various

genes.72小時后，在最后一次檢查其氣道重塑、炎癥和細胞因子及各種基因的表達譜后，處置小鼠。Source:

Cytokine

2018

Aug;108

136-144.12.

hypercapnia

[,ha?p?'k?pn??]

血碳酸過多hyper-(above,

excessive) capn/o(carbon

dioxide)-ia(condition)Noninvasive

Positive

Pressure

Ventilation

improves

hypercapnia

inCysticFibrosis.無創(chuàng)正壓通氣改善囊性纖維化患者高碳酸血癥Source:

Thorax

2008;63:72-77.13.pulmonary hypertension肺動脈高壓-tension(pressure)Different

forms

of

pulmonary

hypertension

in

a

family

with

clinicalandgeneticevidenceforhereditaryhemorrhagictelangiectasiatype2.不同類型的肺動脈高壓在家系遺傳性出血性毛細血管擴張癥2型的臨床和遺傳學證據(jù)。Source：Pulm

Circ2018Oct-Dec(4):2045894018782664.14.

adenoidhypertrophy['?dn,??d]

[ha?'p?tr?fi]腺狀腫aden/o(gland)

-oid(resembling)hyper-(excessive)

-trophy(development)Due

to

the

enlarged

size

of

adenoids,

Adenoid

Hypertrophy

cancauseincomplete

blockage

ofairflow

through

the

nasal

passages,leading

to

inhalation

through

open

mouth.腺狀腫時腺樣體肥大，鼻腔氣道不完全堵塞，可致患者張口呼吸。15.

hyperpnea[,ha?p?p‘ni?]

呼吸過強，喘息hyper-(above,

excessive) -pnea(breathing)To

evaluate

the

short-term

physiologic

effects

of

respiratory

muscletraining

with

normocapnic

hyperpnea

(NH)

added

to

standardexercise

training

on

respiratory

muscle

endurance/strength

andexercise

tolerance

in

COPD

patients.為評估呼吸肌訓練對COPD患者呼吸肌耐力/力量和運動耐量的短期生

理效應，在標準運動訓練基礎上增加等二氧化碳血高通氣模式（NH）。Source:

Am

J

Phys

Med

Rehabil2018

Jun16.bathypnea

深呼吸Bathypnea

meansdeep

breathing.17.

orthopnea

[?:'θ?pni?]端坐呼吸orth/o(straight,upright)A

reasonablyaccurate

timing

of

the

onset

of

orthopnea

or

PND

mayprovide

a

clue

to

the

precipitating

event.端坐呼吸或PND發(fā)作較為準確的計時可為突發(fā)癥狀提供一個線索。來自梁平教授18.

apnea

[?p‘ni?]窒息，呼吸暫停a-(no,

without)No

additional

evaluation

is

indicated

for

this

child

because

briefperiods

of

apnea

are

common

in

2-week-old

infantsand

the

skin

rashiscompatible

with

impetigo

which

responds

quickly

to

intramuscularpenicillin.由于兩周小兒短期的呼吸暫停是常見的，皮膚的皮疹與膿皰瘡相符，對青霉素肌肉注射反應迅速，因此對本病孩無另作評價的指征。來自梁平教授19.

dyspnea

[d?sp‘ni?]

呼吸困難dys-(painful,difficult)Ventilation

increases,

and

the

awareness

of

dyspnea

becomes

moresevereas

minute

ventilation

approaches

the

maximal

ventilatorycapacity.換氣增加、呼吸困難的感覺變得更加嚴重，特別是當每分鐘換氣量接近最大值時。來自梁平教授20.tachypnea

[,t?k?p'ni?;,t?k?'ni?]

呼吸急促tachy-(rapid)Although

dyspnea

accompanying

left

ventricular

failure

may

bepartially

relieved

by

onsetof

rightventricular

failure,

some

dyspneausually

persists,together

with

tachypnea

and

basal

rales.雖然伴左心衰的呼吸困難可因右心衰出現(xiàn)而部分得到緩解，但是，某些呼吸困難通常仍呈持續(xù)狀態(tài)，并伴有呼吸頻率加快和肺底啰音出現(xiàn)。來自梁平教授Terminology

Reviewairway

remodeling

氣道重建[ri‘m?dli?]重塑hypercapnia

[,ha?p?'k?pn??]

血碳酸過多pulmonary

hypertension

肺動脈高壓adenoid

hypertrophy

['?dn,??d]

[ha?'p?tr?fi]腺狀腫hyperpnea

[,ha?p?p‘ni?]

呼吸過強，喘息bathypnea

['b?θ?pni?]深呼吸orthopnea

[?:'θ?pni?]

端坐呼吸apnea

[?p‘ni?]窒息，呼吸暫停dyspnea

[d?sp‘ni?]

呼吸困難tachypnea

[,t?k?p'ni?]

呼吸急促呼吸系統(tǒng)高頻詞匯 第三課21.pneumoconiosis[,nj?m?,kon?'os?s]

n.塵肺病pneum/o(lung,

air)

coni/o(dust)-osis(abnormal

condition)Thereis

an

increasing

trend

in

the

occurrence

of

coal

worker'spneumoconiosis

even

in

developed

countries

such

asthe

USandAustralia

who

have

believed

such

an

issue

have

been

well

controlledinthepast.即使在美國和澳大利亞等發(fā)達國家，煤炭工人塵肺病發(fā)生的趨勢也在增加，而這些國家過去認為這個問題已得到很好的控制。Source:

Sci

Total

Environ

2018

Oct;639

1060-1076.22.pneumothorax[,nj?m?'θ?r?ks]

氣胸pneum/o(air) -thorax(chest,

pleuralcavity)Clinical

Profileof

Spontaneous

Pneumothoraxin

Adults:

ARetrospective

Study.成人自發(fā)性氣胸的臨床特征：一項回顧性研究來自梁平教授23.community-acquiredpneumonia(CAP)社區(qū)獲得性肺炎This

review

summarises

the

evidence

for

the

empirical

antibiotictreatment

ofcommunity-acquired

pneumoniain

neonatesandchildren

and

puts

emphasis

on

publications

since

the

release

of

theprevious

WHO

Evidence

Summary

report

published

in

2014.本綜述總結(jié)了新生兒和兒童社區(qū)獲得性肺炎的經(jīng)驗性抗生素治療的證據(jù)，重點關(guān)注自2014年上一份WHO證據(jù)總結(jié)報告發(fā)布以來的出版物。Source：Paediatr

IntChild

Health

2018

Nov;38

(sup1):S66-S75.24.

hospital-acquired

pneumonia(HAP)醫(yī)院獲得性肺炎However,

its

clinical

efficacy

in

the

treatment

of

hospital-acquiredpneumonia

(HAP)

isunclear.然而，其在治療醫(yī)院獲得性肺炎（HAP）中的臨床療效尚不清楚。Source：J

Chemother

2018

May;30

(3):

172-178.25.ventilator-associated

pneumonia(VAP)呼吸機相關(guān)性肺炎However,

it

is

not

yet

an

established

tool

to

diagnose

ventilator-associated

pneumonia

(VAP).然而，它尚未成為診斷呼吸機相關(guān)性肺炎（VAP）的既定工具。Source：J

Intensive

Care

Med2018

Aug;33

(8):447-455.26.

mycoplasma

pneumonia

(MP)[,ma?ko'plɑzm?]

支原體肺炎myc/o(fungas)Efficacy

andsafety

of

Xiyanpinginjectioncombinedwithazithromycinin

treating

mycoplasma

pneumonia

ofchildren:Meta-analysis。喜炎平注射液聯(lián)合阿奇霉素治療兒童支原體肺炎的療效和安全性：Meta分析。Source：Zhongguo

Zhong

Yao

Za

Zhi

2018

May;43

(10):2153-2161.27.

aspiration

pneumonia

吸入性肺炎Futurestudies

must

focus

on

ameliorating

late

postoperativecomplications,such

as

respiratory

failure

and

aspiration

pneumonia.未來的研究必須集中于改善晚期術(shù)后并發(fā)癥，如呼吸衰竭和吸入性肺炎。Source：Ann

Surg

Oncol

2018

Aug;25

(8):2428-2433.28.

viral

pneumonia

病毒性肺炎Flos

Lonicerae

Japonica

(Yin-Qiao

in

Chinese,

YQ),is

used

clinicallyforthe

treatment

ofviral

pneumonia

due

toitsheat-clearing

anddetoxifying

functions.金銀花（中國的銀翹，YQ），由于其清熱和解毒功能，臨床上用于治療病毒性肺炎。Source:J

Chromatogr

B

Analyt

Technol

Biomed

Life

Sci

2018

Aug;1092

122-130.29.

epiglottitis

[ep?ɡl?'ta?t?s]會厭炎epiglott/o(epiglottis)Thebacterium

Haemophilusinfluenzae

type

b

(Hib)

can

cause

severeand

life-threatening

infections

such

as

epiglottitis

and

meningitis.細菌b型流感嗜血桿菌（Hib）可引起嚴重的危及生命的感染，如會厭炎和腦膜炎。Source:

Forensic

Sci

Med

Pathol

2018

Jun30.

chronic

bronchitis[brɑ?'ka?t?s]

慢性支氣管炎chron/o(time)Chronic

bronchitis(CB)

is

animportant

phenotypein

chronic

obstructive

pulmonary

disease

(COPD).慢性支氣管炎（CB）是慢性阻塞性肺?。–OPD）中的重要表型。Source:

Tuberc

Respir

Dis

(Seoul)

2018

Jul;81(3):228-232.Terminology

Reviewpneumoconiosis

[,nj?m?,kon?'os?s]n.

塵肺病pneumothorax

[,nj?m?'θ?r?ks]

氣胸community-acquiredpneumonia(CAP)社區(qū)獲得性肺炎hospital-acquired

pneumonia(HAP)醫(yī)院獲得性肺炎ventilator-associated

pneumonia(VAP)呼吸機相關(guān)性肺炎mycoplasma

pneumonia

(MP)[,ma?ko'plɑzm?]

支原體肺炎aspiration

pneumonia

吸入性肺炎viral

pneumonia

病毒性肺炎epiglottitis

[ep?ɡl?'ta?t?s]會厭炎chronic

bronchitis

[brɑ?‘ka?t?s]慢性支氣管炎呼吸系統(tǒng)高頻詞匯 第四課31.laryngitis[‘l?r?n’d?a?t?s]喉炎laryng/o(larynx) -itis(inflammation)It

is

true,

however,

that

only

asmall

proportion

of

those

who

smokeorareexposedto

pollutionsuffer

fromchroniclaryngitis.然而，事實上吸煙或暴露在污染環(huán)境者僅有小部分患慢性喉炎。來自梁平教授32.

sinusitis

[,sa?n?‘sa?t?s]

竇炎sinus/o(sinus) -itis(inflammation)Extraduralabscesses

may

also

occur

secondary

to

a

frontal

sinusitis.硬膜外膿腫也可繼發(fā)于額竇炎。來自梁平教授33.

allergic

alveolitis

[?l,vi?‘laitis]過敏性肺泡炎Hypersensitivity

pneumonitis

(HP),

called

extrinsicallergic

alveolitis,is

a

syndrome

characterized

bydiffuse

inflammation

of

lungparenchymaand

airways

in

response

to

the

inhalation

ofantigens

towhichthe

patient

has

been

previously

sensitized.過敏性肺炎(HP)，又稱外源性過敏性肺泡炎，是一種由于吸入了患者已被致敏的抗原而引起的以肺部實質(zhì)和氣道的彌漫性炎癥為特征的綜合征.Source:Pol

Merkur

Lekarski

2018

Mar;44

(261):152-15634.pharyngeal[f?‘r?nd???l]咽的pharyng/o(pharynx) -eal(pertaining

to)Infections

of

the

pharyngeal

mucosa

and

of

the

tonsilswith

N.gonorrhoeaehave

been

described

in

5%

~25%

ofcases

after

oro-genital

contact

with

infected

persons.在同淋病患者口-生殖器接觸后，5％-25％病例有咽部粘膜和扁桃體的奈瑟淋球菌感染。來自梁平教授35.laryngeal[l?‘r?nd???l]

喉的laryng/o(larynx,

voice

box) -eal(pertaining

to)Laryngeal

sprays

aredifficult

to

useandhavenodirect

therapeuticvalue;

they

are,

however,

comforting

and

medications

such

asglucose

in

glycerin

or

oil

ofpine

may

be

used.喉部噴霧難以使用，且無直接的治療價值；可使用葡萄糖甘油或松木油等藥物進行局部噴霧。來自梁平教授36.laryngospasm

[l?‘ri?ɡ?sp?z?m]

喉痙攣-spasm(sudden

contraction

of

the

muscle)Recorded

perioperative

respiratory

adverse

events

(PRAEs)

includedlaryngospasm,

bronchospasm,

breath

holding,

oxygen

desaturation,and

severe

cough.記錄在冊的圍手術(shù)期呼吸道不良事件（PRAE）包括喉痙攣、支氣管痙攣、屏氣、氧飽和度降低和嚴重咳嗽。Source:Acta

AnaesthesiolScand2018

Aug;62

(7):915-923.37.

laryngoscopy

[,l?r??'gɑsk?pi]

喉鏡檢查-scopy

(process

of

visual

examination)Orotracheal

intubation

by

direct

laryngoscopy

is

somewhatcontraindicated

in

a

patient

with

partial

transection

ofthe

trachea,because

the

procedure

can

cause

complete

tracheal

transection

andloss

of

the

airway.直接喉鏡下氣管插管對已行部分氣管切除的患者是相對禁忌，因為氣管插管步驟導致氣管全部橫斷及氣道損傷。Source：

NEJM，Volume

356:e15

April

26,

2007

Number

1738.

mediastinoscopy

[med?rs't?n?sk?p?]

縱膈腔內(nèi)視鏡檢mediastin/o(mediastinum)For

primary

staging,mediastinoscopy

remains

the

gold

standard

forthesuperior

mediastinal

LNs.

Invasive

procedures

can

be

omitted

inpatients

with

peripheral

tumors

and

negative

mediastinal

and

hilarnodes

on

PET

scan。初始階段，縱隔鏡檢查仍可作為上縱隔淋巴結(jié)分期的金標準。周圍性肺癌和縱隔、肺門淋巴結(jié)正常的病人可用pet掃描分期，從而避免侵入性檢查。Source：J

Thorac

Oncol.

2007

Apr;2(4):357-361.39.

bronchoscopy

[br??‘k?sk?pi]

支氣管鏡檢Background:

We

report

experience

with

Ultraflex

metallicstents(BostonScientific,

Natick,

MA)

inserted

at

rigid

bronchoscopy

undergeneral

anesthesia

for

palliation

of

benign

and

malignant

upperairway

obstruction.背景：我們報道了在全麻下使用硬支氣管鏡檢放入Ultraflex

金屬支架來治療良惡性上呼吸道阻塞的經(jīng)驗。Source：

Ann

Thorac

Surg

2007;83:1251-125640.lobectomy[l??b'ekt?m?]肺葉切除術(shù)lob/o(lobe

of

thelung) -ectomy(removal)Patients

who

re-bleed

from

the

liver

wound

after

initial

suture

ligationshould

be

treated

by

reexploration

and

lobectomy.在第一次縫合結(jié)扎后肝創(chuàng)口的再出血患者需要再次探查及行肝葉切除術(shù)。來自梁平教授Terminology

Reviewlaryngitis

[‘l?r?n’d?a?t?s]喉炎sinusitis[,sa?n?‘sa?t?s]竇炎allergic

alveolitis

[?l,vi?‘laitis]過敏性肺泡炎pharyngeal

[f?‘r?nd???l

咽的laryngeal

[l?‘r?nd???l]

喉的laryngospasm

[l?‘ri?ɡ?sp?z?m]喉痙攣laryngoscopy

[,l?r??'gɑsk?pi]

喉鏡檢查mediastinoscopy

[med?rs‘t?n?sk?p?]

縱膈腔內(nèi)視鏡檢bronchoscopy

[br??‘k?sk?pi]

支氣管鏡檢lobectomy,[l??b'ekt?m?]

肺葉切除術(shù)呼吸系統(tǒng)高頻詞匯 第五課41.

pneumonectomy

[,nj?m?‘n?kt?mi]

肺切除術(shù)pneumon/o(lung)

-ectomy(removal)CONCLUSIONS:

The

presence

of

N2

disease

negatively

affects

the

prognosis

ofpatients

with

malignant

pleural

mesothelioma.

Mediastinoscopy,

however,

seemsto

have

a

limited

role

in

patient

selection

for

extrapleuralpneumonectomy.Adjuvant

hemithoracic

radiation

therapy

but

not

N2

disease

affects

the

risk

oflocoregional

recurrence.結(jié)論：N2期對于惡性胸膜間皮瘤患者的預后有著負性的影響，而縱隔鏡檢查對于選擇胸膜外全肺切除術(shù)的患者作用有限。輔助性半側(cè)胸闊放療則增加局部復發(fā)風險。Source：J

Thorac

Cardiovasc

Surg

2007;133:111-11642.

adenoidectomy

[,?d?n??‘d?kt?mi]

腺樣體切除術(shù)adenoid/o(adenoids)The

aim

of

this

cohort

was

to

determine

potential

risk

factors,concerningthe

effectivenessof

adenoidectomyin

the

treatmentofchronic

otitis

mediawith

effusion

inchildren.該隊列的目的是確定影響腺樣體切除術(shù)治療兒童慢性中耳炎伴積液有效性的潛在因素。Source:

AurisNasusLarynx

2018

Oct;45

(5):952-958.43.

tonsillectomy

[,tɑns?‘l?kt?mi]

扁桃腺切除術(shù)tonsill/o(tonsil)Some

children

who

are

due

for

cardiac

surgery

may

be

recommendedfor

tonsillectomy

if

the

criteria

of

sepsisare

found,

because

ofthedanger

of

subacute

bacterial

endocarditis.有些需行心臟手術(shù)的兒童，如果存在膿毒性扁桃體炎，可建議其切除扁桃體，因其有產(chǎn)生亞急性細菌性心內(nèi)膜炎的危險。來自梁平教授44.

paranasal

sinuses

[,p?r?‘neiz?l][’sa?n?s?s]

鼻旁竇para-(near)-al(pertaining

to)nas/o(nose)sinus/o(sinus)A

prospective

study

on

the

microbiological

examination

of

secretionsfrom

the

paranasal

sinuses

in

horsesinhealth

and

disease.一項前瞻性研究：對健康和疾病狀態(tài)下馬的鼻旁竇分泌物的微生物學檢查。Source:

Acta

Vet

Scand

2018

Jul;60

(1):

43.45.post

nasal

drip

syndrome(PNDS)鼻后滴漏綜合征post-(after,

behind)

nas/o(nose)Post

nalsaldrip

syndrome

means

nasal

secretions

accumulates

in

theback

of

the

nose

which

will

lead

to

chroniccough,

itisusually

causedby

chronic

or

allergic

rhinitis.鼻后滴漏綜征指鼻腔分泌蓄積于鼻后部，可致慢性咳嗽，多由慢性或過敏性鼻炎引起。46.

nasogastric

intubation[,neiz?u‘ɡ?strik][,intju:’bei??n]插胃管，鼻飼法gastr/o(stomach)

in-(into) -ation(process)The

diagnostic

accuracy

of

blood

sucrose

for

diagnosis

of

gastric

lesions

(GL);glandular

lesions

(GDL);

squamous

lesions

(SQL)

and

clinically

significantgastriclesions

(CSL)

at

45

and

90

min

after

administration

of

1

g/kg

ofsucrosevia

nasogastric

intubation

was

assessed

using

ROC

curves

and

calculating

theAUC.經(jīng)胃管給予1g/kg的蔗糖，45、90分鐘后測定血糖，使用ROC曲線計算曲線下面積（AUC），以評價血糖對胃部病變（GL）、腺體病變（GDL）、鱗狀病變（SQL）和臨床顯著胃病變（CSL）的診斷準確性;。Source:Acta

Vet

Scand

2018

Apr;60

(1):

24.47.

pleural

effusion

胸腔積液pleur/o(pleura)Pleuraleffusion

meansfluidaccumulatesin

thepleural

cavitywith

thesymptoms

include,

breathlessness,

cough,

and

having

pain

in

thechest.胸腔積液指大量液體蓄積在胸腔內(nèi)，并伴有呼吸短促、咳嗽及胸疼等癥狀。48.

parapneumonic

effusion

[?'fju?n]肺炎旁胸腔積液para-(near,

beside)Chest

tubedrainagewithfibrinolytics

is

acost-effectivetreatmentoption

for

parapneumonic

effusionand

empyema

in

children.胸管引流配合纖維蛋白溶解劑是治療兒童肺炎性胸腔積液和膿胸的一個經(jīng)濟有效的選擇。Source:

Pediatr

Radiol

2018

Jun.49.

pleurodynia

[?pl?r?'d?ni:?]胸膜痛、肋肌痛pleur/o(pleura) -dynia(pain)It

isprescribed

for

the

treatment

ofpleurodynia,

intercostal

neuralgia,cold,

cough

associated

with

bronchitis,

pneumonia,

tuberculosis,

viralrespiratoryinfection,

and

in

pharyngeal

and

chest

congestion.它被用于治療胸膜痛、肋間神經(jīng)痛、感冒、與支氣管炎相關(guān)的咳嗽、肺炎、肺結(jié)核、病毒性呼吸道感染以及咽部和胸部充血。Source:

AncSciLife

2012

Jan;31

(3):107-16.50.

pleurisy

[‘pl?r?si]

胸膜炎pleur/o(pleura)Tuberculous

pleurisy

usually

develops

and

asmall

cavity

openingintoa

bronchus

may

rupture

also

into

the

pleura,resulting

inpneumothorax.結(jié)核性胸膜炎常有發(fā)生，而且開口于支氣管的小空洞也可破入胸腔而引起氣胸。來自梁平教授Terminology

Reviewpneumonectomy

[,nj?m?‘n?kt?mi]肺切除術(shù)adenoidectomy[,?d?n??‘d?kt?mi]

腺樣體切除術(shù)tonsillectomy

[,tɑns?‘l?kt?mi]

扁桃腺切除術(shù)paranasal

sinuses

[,p?r?‘neiz?l][’sa?n?s?s]

鼻旁竇post

nasal

drip

syndrome(PNDS)鼻后滴漏綜合征nasogastric

intubation[,neiz?u‘ɡ?strik][,intju:’bei??n]插胃管,鼻飼法pleural

effusion

胸腔積液parapneumonic

effusion[?‘fju?n]肺炎旁胸腔積液pleurodynia[?pl?r?‘d?ni:?]胸膜痛、肋肌痛pleurisy[‘pl?r?si]

胸膜呼吸系統(tǒng)高頻詞匯 第六課51.

pleural

rub

[‘pl??r?]胸膜摩擦音Pleuritis

wasdefined

ashaving

1

of

3

ofthe

following

criteria:typicalpleuritic

chestpain,

pleural

rub,and

clinical

or

radiological

evidenceofpleural

effusion.胸膜炎被定義為具有以下3個標準中的1個：典型的胸膜炎性胸痛，胸膜摩擦音以及胸腔積液的臨床或放射學證據(jù)。Source:J

Clin

Rheumatol

2014

Dec;20

(8):418-21.52.

pulmonary

[‘p?lm?n?ri]

肺的pulmon/o(lung) -ary(pertaining

to)Rats

underwent

laparotomy,

and

were

inoculated

intravenously

withsyngeneic

MADB106

tumor

cells

for

the

assessmentoflung

tumorretention

(LTR).

Additionally,

the

impact

of

these

drug

regimensonpostoperativelevels

ofNK

cytotoxicity

was

studied

in

peripheral

bloodand

marginating-pulmonary

leukocytes.對大鼠實行剖腹術(shù)，并由靜脈內(nèi)接種同系基因型的MADB106腫瘤細胞，用于評價肺內(nèi)腫瘤潴留量（LTR）。此外，通過檢測外周血和marginating-pulmonary粒細胞，研究這些藥物療法對術(shù)后NK細胞毒性水平的影響。Source:

Annals

ofSurgical

Oncology

15:2042-2052

(2008)53.

pulmonary

bulla

[‘b?l?]肺大泡Moreover,

the

mean

size

of

pulmonary

bulla

was

6.5

±

5.5

cm.此外，肺大泡的平均大小為6.5±5.5

厘米。Source:

Medicine

(Baltimore)

2017

Sep;96

(35):

e7733.54.

secondary

pulmonary

tuberculosis繼發(fā)性肺結(jié)核Tuberculosis

is

infectedby

Mycobacteriumtuberculosis

whichcanaffect

anywhere

all

over

the

body,

but

the

most

common

organ

is

thelungs.Pulmonary

tuberculosis

is

classified

in

primary

tuberculosis

andsecondary

tuberculosis.結(jié)核是由結(jié)核桿菌感染所引起的慢性疾病，可在機體任何部位發(fā)生，但易感器官為肺臟。肺結(jié)核又分為原發(fā)性與繼發(fā)性兩種。55.

chronic

obstructive

pulmonary

disease

(COPD)慢性阻塞性肺病Kinesio

Taping?

has

been

used

as

a

physiotherapy

treatment

inmusculoskeletal

disorders.

However,

few

studies

have

evaluated

itseffectiveness

in

patients

with

chronic

obstructive

pulmonarydisease

(COPD).KinesioTaping?已被用作肌肉骨骼疾病的理療療法。然而，很少有研究評估其在慢性阻塞性肺?。–OPD）患者中的有效性。Source:

Physiother

Theory

Pract

2018

Oct;34

(10):741-746.56.

pulmonary

abscess

[‘?bs?s]

肺膿腫Thoughbacterial

pulmonary

abscess

and

pneumatocele

formationhave

been

described,

pulmonary

artery

pseudoaneurysm

in

Jobsyndrome

has

not

been

reported

in

literature.盡管細菌性肺膿腫和肺氣腫的形成已有所描述，但尚未有關(guān)于高免疫球蛋白E綜合征中的肺動脈假性動脈瘤的報道。Source:

Vasc

Endovascular

Surg

2018

Jul;52

(5):375-377.57.

pulmonary

edema

[i‘dim?]

肺水腫-edema(swelling)Non-invasiveventilation

is

usually

adopted

as

a

supportto

medicaltherapy

in

patientswith

acute

pulmonary

edema,

but

which

modalitybetween

Pressure

Support

Ventilation

(PSV)

and

Continuous

PositiveAirway

Pressure

(CPAP)

has

better

favorable

effects

is

not

been

yetwell

known.無創(chuàng)通氣常被作為急性肺水腫患者藥物治療的輔助手段，但壓力支持通氣（PSV）和持續(xù)氣道正壓通氣（CPAP）中哪一個模式效果更好尚不確定。Source：Respir

Physiol

Neurobiol

2018

Sep;255

7-10.58.

pulmonary

embolism

[‘?mb?,l?z?m]肺栓塞em-(in) bol/o(cast,

throw) -ism(process)Dataon

hemoglobin

levels

and

the

incidence

ofdeep

vein

thrombosis(DVT)

andpulmonary

embolism

(PE)

were

also

collected.血紅蛋白水平與深靜脈血栓形成（DVT）和肺栓塞（PE）發(fā)生率的數(shù)據(jù)也被收集在內(nèi)。Source：J

Clin

Anesth

2018

Aug;48

32-38.59.

pulmonary

function

tests

肺功能檢查Fifty-eightparticipants

with

COPD

underwent

pulmonary

functiontests,

6-min

walk

test

and

cardiac

MRI,

while

21

healthy

controls

(HCs)underwent

cardiac

MRI.58名COPD患者接受了肺功能檢查、6分鐘步行試驗和心臟MRI檢查；而21名健康對照者接受了心臟MRI檢查。Source：Eur

Radiol

2018

Aug;28

(8):3464-3472.60.

pulmonary

resection

肺切除術(shù)re-(backward) sect/o(tocut) -ion(precess)Thisstudy

evaluated

outcomes

after

implementation

ofERASinpatients

undergoing

resection

for

pulmonary

malignancy.

Aretrospective

review

compared

outcomes

for

patientsundergoingpulmonary

resection

for

primary

lung

cancer.本研究評估了在接受肺惡性腫瘤切除術(shù)的患者中實施ERAS后的結(jié)果：一項比較了原發(fā)性肺癌肺切除術(shù)患者的預后的回顧性研究。Source：Ann

ThoracSurg

2018

Jul;106

(1):272-279.Terminology

Reviewpleural

rub[‘pl??r?]胸膜摩擦音pulmonary[‘p?lm?n?ri]

肺的pulmonary

Bulla

[‘b?l?]肺大泡secondarypulmonary

tuberculosis繼發(fā)性肺結(jié)核chronic

obstructive

pulmonary

disease

慢性阻塞性肺病pulmonary

abscess

[‘?bs?s]

肺膿腫pulmonary

edema[i‘dim?]

肺水腫pulmonary

embolism

[‘?mb?,l?z?m]肺栓塞pulmonaryfunction

tests

肺功能檢查pulmonary

resection

肺切除術(shù)呼吸系統(tǒng)高頻詞匯 第七課61.

idiopathic

pulmonary

fibrosis,

IPF[,?d??'p?θ?k]特發(fā)性肺纖維化idi/o(individual,

distinct)

path/o(disease)Idiopathic

pulmonaryfibrosis(IPF)is

achronic,

debilitating,fibroticlung

disease

leading

to

respiratory

failure

and

ultimately

to

death.特發(fā)性肺纖維化（IPF）是一種慢性的、使人衰弱的、纖維化肺病，可致呼吸衰竭并最終導致死亡。Source：Matrix

Biol

2018

Aug;68-69

404-421.62.

pulmonary

fibrosis

[fa?’bros?s]

肺纖維化fibr/o(fiber) -osis(abnormal

condition)Resultsof

thisstudysuggest

that

2-AP

mayhave

utilityasa

treatmentfor

lung

cancer

and

pulmonary

fibrosis.該研究的結(jié)果表明2-AP可用于治療肺癌和肺纖維化。Source：Cell

Death

Discov

2018

Dec;4

17.63.

cystic

fibrosis

[‘s?st?k][fa?’bros?s]

囊性纖維化cyst/o(cyst)A

better

understanding

of

sphingolipid

signaling

in

the

nucleus

willfacilitate

the

design

and

development

ofnew

and

novel

therapeuticapproaches

to

modulate

expression

of

pro-inflammatory

and

cellcycle

dependentgenes

in

human

pathologies

such

as

cancer,bacterial

lung

infection,

neurodegeneration,

and

cystic

fibrosis.更好地理解細胞核中的鞘脂信號將有助于設計和開發(fā)新的和新的治療方法，以調(diào)節(jié)人類病理學中的促炎和細胞周期依賴性基因的表達，例如癌癥、細菌肺部感染、神經(jīng)變性和囊性纖維化。Source：J

Cell

Biochem

2018

Aug;119(8):6337-6353.64.

phrenic

nerve

['fr?n?k]

膈神經(jīng)phren/o(diaphragm)We

find

that

the

earliest

developmental

eventsare

the

emigration

ofmuscleprogenitors

from

cervical

somites

followed

by

the

projection

ofphrenic

nerve

axonsfr