專題13 8BU5-牛津譯林版初中英語第二學(xué)期單元知識點(diǎn)囊括及易錯題分析（江蘇專用）

專題138BU5-牛津譯林版初中英語第二學(xué)期單元知識點(diǎn)囊括及易錯題分析單元話題GoodmannersReading重點(diǎn)詞匯、詞組和句型Grammarenoughtodo........和too........to.......句式之間的轉(zhuǎn)換知識點(diǎn)囊括知識點(diǎn)囊括一、重點(diǎn)詞組、句型1：Second,don’tcutinonothers.(P64)第二，不要打斷其他人。cutin(onsb./sth.)打斷（談話），插嘴，如：Shealwayscutsinwhenotherpeoplearetalking.【知識拓展】cutdown砍倒；減少,削減cutoff切斷，割斷，剪斷cutout切去,切除；剪下例如：Ifyoucutdownallthetreesyouwillruintheland.Shecutoffasmallpieceofbreadandgaveittome.Icutthisarticleoutofthenewspaper.2：Alwayswaitpolitely.(P64)總是禮貌地等候。politeadj.有禮貌的impoliteadj.沒有禮貌的politelyadv.沒有禮貌地bepolitetosb.對…有禮貌berudetosb.對…粗魯如：Weshouldbepolitetooldpeople.3：leavethetaprunning(P65)水龍頭一直在流leavevt.(1)使…處于某種狀態(tài)，thetap做賓語，現(xiàn)在分詞running是賓語補(bǔ)足語?！發(fā)eavesth.+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，可用形容詞、副詞、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞等作賓語補(bǔ)足語。①現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：Whathesaidleftmethinkingdeeply.②形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：Hisillnesslefthimweak.(2)離開;脫離leave…for…離開…前往…如：I’llleaveNanjingforBeijingtomorrow.(3)遺忘;丟下leavesth.+地點(diǎn)如：Ileftthebookathome.注意：forgetsth.表示忘記某物，不強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)，但在“l(fā)eavesth.+地點(diǎn)”結(jié)構(gòu)中強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)。如：Sorry,IforgotmyEnglishbook.Ileftitathome.【拓展】①過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：Themovingstorylefthimunmoved.②副詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：Whathaslefthimawayforsolong?③介詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：Thismatterleftherwithoutawayofhope.4：queueforyourturn(P65)排隊(duì)等待(1)queuev.意為“排隊(duì)等候”如：Weshouldqueueupattheticketoffice.n.意為“隊(duì)伍”。短語inaqueue意為“成一排（隊(duì)、行列）”，和inline意思相近；jumpthequeue意為“插隊(duì)”。如：Whydidyoujumpthequeuejustnow?(2)turnn.

順序,

輪流

It's

one's

turn

to

do

sth.

輪到某人做某事,如：It's

your

turn

to

make

a

decision.

5：I’mafraidnot.(P65)我恐怕不是。I’mafraid意為“恐怕”，主要用于禮貌地說出令人不快、失望或感到遺憾的事。如：I’mafraidIcan’tstay.I’mafraid之后可接so或not，表示前面所提到的情況：表肯定時用so；表否定時用not。如：---Willhecometoday?---I’mafraidso(not).此用法還有Ithinkso./Idon’tthinkso.Ihopeso./Ihopenot.8：What’stheproperwaytogreetpeoplethere,Jenny?(P66)簡妮，問候那里的人合適的方法是什么？(1)動詞不定式togreetpeoplethere作后置定語，修飾theproperway。如：Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.(2)thewaytodosth./ofdoingsth.做某事的方式或方法，如：It’sthebestwayofstudying/tostudyEnglish.Therearedifferentwaystodo/ofdoingit.【知識拓展】ontheway在路上bytheway順便說，順便問intheway有時也可說成insb'sway擋路，礙事(3)greetsb歡迎某人greetsb.withsth.用…問候某人greetings名詞，問候（4）improper不恰當(dāng)?shù)膒roperly恰當(dāng)?shù)豬mproperly不恰當(dāng)?shù)?：Britishpeoplesay“hello”or“nicetomeetyou”andshakeyourhandwhentheymeetyouforthefirsttime.(P66)英國人在他們第一次遇見你時說“你好”或“很高興認(rèn)識你”并和你握手。(1)shake過去式shook；過去分詞shaken；現(xiàn)在分詞shaking常用短語：shakeone’shands握某人的手；shakehandswithsb.與某人握手waveone’shands揮某人的手；wavetosb.向某人揮手(2)handvt.常用短語：handin上交，交上去(給老師或上級)handout散發(fā)，分發(fā)10：Britishpeopleonlygreetrelativesorclosefriendswithakiss.(P66)英國人只用親吻來問候親戚或親密的朋友。close①vt/vi.關(guān)閉;蓋上;合上，反義詞為open。如：Sheclosedthedoorsoftly.②adj.近的,接近的(+to)。如：Hishouseisclosetothefactory.(關(guān)系)密切的,親密的。如：Sheisaclosefriendoftheirs.③adv.接近,靠近地(+to)。如：Theyliveclosetothemuseum.緊密地,緊緊地。如：Annafollowedclosebehind.④closelyadv.密切地（抽象概念）workclosely【拓展】closedadj.關(guān)閉的，反義詞為open。如：Helikessleepingwiththewindowclosed.11：Butpleaseavoidsubjectslikeage,weight,music,booksorsomethingelse.(P66)但是請避免像年齡、體重、音樂、書籍或是其他的話題。avoidvt.后接名詞或動名詞做賓語，意為避免做某事。如：Weshoulddoeverythingcarefullytoavoidmakingmistakes.12：Dopeopletherebehavepolitelyinpublic?(P66)那里的人會在公共場合舉止文明嗎？(1)behavevt/vi.表現(xiàn)名詞形式behavior表現(xiàn)；行為，舉止(2)publicn.民眾，群體；adj.公共的，公開的。如：Thepubliclikewatchingfilmslikethis.Pleasepaymoreattentiontothepublicsignswhenwalkinginthestreet.inpublic公開地，在別人面前。如：Don’tspeakloudlyinpublic.13：Theythinkit’srudetopushinbeforeothers.(P66)他們認(rèn)為在其他人面前插話是很粗魯?shù)摹?1)rudeadj.粗魯?shù)?；名詞rudeness;反義詞polite常用短語：berudeto對…粗魯，如：Weshouldn’tberudetoanyone.(2)pushv.推，反義詞為pull，v.拉常用短語：pushin插隊(duì)，加塞；插嘴14：Also,iftheybumpintosomeoneinthestreet,they’llsay“sorry”.(P67)同樣，如果他們在街上裝上某人，他們會說“對不起”。bumpinto撞上，碰上【知識拓展】fallinto落入，陷入runinto撞上，碰上breakinto破門而入，非法進(jìn)入turn…into把…變成…15：They’llsay“excuseme”andbepoliteenoughtowaittillyoumove.(P67)他們將會說“打擾”并很禮貌地等你直到你移動為止。在肯定句中，till一般可以與until互換，但在否定句中一般用until，構(gòu)成not…until…的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“直到…才…”如：Shewillwaitheretill/until10.Tomdidn’tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.注意：主句為一般將來時，till/until引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。如：Thebuswillnotgotill/untilallthepeoplegetonit.16：Britishpeopleareverypoliteathomeaswell,aren’tthey?(P67)英國人在家也很禮貌，不是嗎?too;also;either;as

well;

as

well

as辨析as

well

as①放句中用aswellas，放句末用aswell；aswellas用在主語后，要用就遠(yuǎn)原則，如：Heaswellashisparentsisgoingtothemarket.主語看作三單②

用來表示同級比較,

指“一樣好”。如：

He

plays

the

guitar

as

well

as

you.

Heswimsaswellas,ifnotbetterthan,me.17：Shedidnotjointhediscussion.(P71)她沒有加入討論。discussionn.討論動詞形式discuss常用短語：underdiscussion18.dosth.byaccident偶然，碰巧19.expressoneselfclearly20.舉行一個關(guān)于……的演講holdatalkon....注意：介詞on21.它將會在星期天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘舉行。Itwilltakeplaceat2onSundayafternoon.我們將舉行一個關(guān)于好的餐桌禮儀的演講。Wearegoingtoholdatalkongoodtablemanners.注意：hold和takeplace的區(qū)別:hold是舉辦人做主語，賓語是舉辦的活動比賽等；takeplace是活動比賽做主語，后面沒有賓語。22：Helpexplainthingsandgiveususefulinformation.(P72)幫助解釋事情并給我們有用的信息。explainvt./vi.及物動詞的用法為explaintosb.sth.或explainsth.tosb.即不能直接跟雙賓語，在表人的間接賓語前，后需加介詞to。如：Heexplainedtomethedifficultmathsproblem.=Heexplainedthedifficultmathsproblemtome.23：keepusfromdanger(P72)使我們遠(yuǎn)離危險keepsb./sthawayfromsth.阻止某人/某物前去或接近keep/stop/preventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事如：Hekeepshisdogawayfromhisbedroom.Tomkepthislittlebrotherfrombotheringhim.24：warnusagainstsomething(P72)提醒我們地方某些可能發(fā)生的事情warnvt.警告，提醒第三人稱單數(shù)：warns過去分詞：warned現(xiàn)在分詞：warning過去式：warnedwarn用法如下：①warnsb.(not)todosth.警告某人（不要）干某事。如：Hewarnedusnottostayuplate.②warnsb.of/aboutsth.提醒、警告某人注意某事。如：Hewarnedthedangerofthecaraccident.warningn.警告，提醒。如：Togiveawarning,hewavedhishandsquickly.25：Sorry,Ididn’tnoticethatsignjustnow.(P73)對不起，我剛剛沒有注意到那個標(biāo)志。noticevt.意為"注意到,留心,看到"。常用于noticesb.dosth.;noticesb.doingsth.結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：DidyounoticeJackcomein?Didyounoticehishandshaking?noticen.意為"布告,公告,啟事",是可數(shù)名詞。如：Thereisanoticeontheofficegatesaying"NoParking".作名詞常用的詞組有：①takenoticeofsb./sth.意為"注意某人/某物"。如:Takenoticeofwhattheysay.②takenonoticeofsb./sth.意為"不理會某人/某物"。如:Takenonoticeofhisangrywords-heisnotwell.26：Everybodywillbeluckyorsuccessfulsometimeintheirlife.(P74)每個人都將會在他們的一生中走運(yùn)或是成功。successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地successn.成功。succeedvi.成功；如：Hissuccessmakesmewanttobesuccessfulinthenearfuture.We

all

want

to

succeed.

常用短語：besuccessfulatsth.=dosth.successfully=succeedinsth./doingsth.27：Risklosingeverythingallatonetime.(P74)曾經(jīng)冒險做失去一切的風(fēng)險。riskvt.冒…的危險;

使…冒風(fēng)險（或面臨危險）;

第三人稱單數(shù)：risks過去分詞：risked現(xiàn)在分詞：risking過去式：risked常用短語：risksth/doingsth冒…什么危險/冒險做某事。如：Heriskedwalkingaloneinthedark.riskn.危險，冒險;

常用短語：atrisk在危險中attheriskof冒...之險;不顧...之風(fēng)險run/taketheriskofdoingsth.冒險做某事。如：We’dbetternotruntheriskofcatchingacoldbywalkingwithoutanumbrellaintherain.28：Justasthesayinggoes.(P75)正如諺語所說。saying諺語常見的諺語有：DoasRomansdoinRome.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患難見真情。Nopains,nogains.不勞無獲。Burnthecandlesatbothends.操勞過度。Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鳥兒有蟲吃。Itneverrainsbutitpours.不雨則已，一雨傾盆。Itrainscatsanddogs.大雨磅礴。Manyhandsmakelightwork.眾人拾柴火焰高。Everydoghasitsday.人人都有得意日。Putallyoureggsinonebasket.孤注一擲。Thegrassisalwaysgreenerthantheotherside.這山看著那山高。Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。Actionspeakslouderthanwords.行動勝過語言。Eastorwest,homeisthebest.金窩銀窩不如自家草窩。Likeandlikemakegoodfriends.趣味相投。It'snevertoooldtolearn.活到老，學(xué)到老。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。Easiersaidthandone.說起來容易做起來難。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。29：Otherwise,youwillbecometiredout.(P75)否則，你將會筋疲力盡。tiredadj.累的，疲倦的（指人）；tiringadj.令人累的，令人疲倦的（指物）。常用短語：betiredof對...感到厭倦如：Iamtiredoflivingaboard.30：conclusion(P76)結(jié)論conclusionn.結(jié)論;

結(jié)局;

斷定，決定;

推論;

復(fù)數(shù)：conclusionsconcludev.下結(jié)論。如：Toconclude,heishonest.=Inconclusion,heishonest.31：Thepurposeofthetalkistoteachstudentsrulesforeating.(P77)講座的目的是教學(xué)生吃飯的規(guī)矩。此處的toteach放在is的后面，做表語。動詞不定式還可以放在名詞的后面做后置定語。如：Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.32：Aboveall,whenyouaresittingatthetable,youshouldnotstarteatinguntileveryoneisready.(P77)最重要的是，當(dāng)你做在飯桌旁，你不應(yīng)該開飯直到每個人都準(zhǔn)備好。aboveall最重要的是，如：Aboveall,itneedsawisedecision.一般放在句首，加“，”，其他all短語：inall總計(jì)afterall畢竟firstofall首先atthetable在桌子旁有些名詞前用冠詞或不用冠詞，其意義有所不同。如：①attable在吃飯；atthetable在桌子旁②inclass在上課；intheclass在班級中③gotoschool去上學(xué);gototheschool到那所學(xué)校去④gotobed上床睡覺;gotothebed到床那邊去⑤infrontof在…的前面;inthefrontof在…的前部.33：Theserulesareimportantbecauseweshouldmakesurethatbothguestsandhostsarecomfortableatthetable.(P77)這些規(guī)矩很重要，因?yàn)槲覀儜?yīng)該確?？腿撕椭魅嗽谧雷优远己苁娣ake

sure用法—

Make

sure

of

his

coming

before

you

set

off.

—

I

make

sure

(that)

he

would

come.

二、語法Grammar1.使用enoughto“be+形容詞+enough+todosth.”意為“足夠……做某事”。常用來描述某人的一種個性或能力。注意其中的形容詞用原級。e.g湯姆足夠強(qiáng)壯，能搬得動這塊石頭。______________________________他足夠細(xì)心，把每個細(xì)節(jié)都核對過了。_______________________________我已經(jīng)足夠大了，有自由去做我喜歡做的事了。______________________________【答案】Tomisstrongenoughtomovethestone.Hewascarefulenoughtocheckeverydetail.IamoldenoughtohavethefreedomtodowhatIliketodo.2.使用too…to我們可以使用“be+too+形容詞+todosth”結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)一個否定的結(jié)果。其中的形容詞要用原級。e.g你太胖了，跳不高。______________________________________那個時候這個女孩因太害怕而動不了了。_______________________________________今天早晨他太遲了，沒趕上早班車。_____________________________________注意上述兩個結(jié)構(gòu)之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換：“be+too+形容詞+todosth”結(jié)構(gòu)常常可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“benot+（對應(yīng)反義）形容詞+enough+todosth”。e.g他妹妹太小了，還不能照顧自己。__________________________________=__________________________________他太虛弱了以至于搬不動這只箱子。________________________________=________________________________【答案】Youaretoofattojumphigh.Thegirlwastoofrightenedtomoveatthattime.Hewastoolatethismorningtocatchtheearlybus.Hissisteristooyoungtotakecareofherself.=Heisn’toldenoughtotakecareofherself.Heistooweaktocarrythebox.=Heisn’tstrongenoughtocarrythebox.三、詞組歸納1.你是什么意思？ Whatdoyoumean?2.這個單詞是什么意思？ Whatdoesthewordmean?=Whatisthemeaningoftheword?=Whatdoyoumeanbytheword?3.活到老學(xué)到老。 Youarenevertoooldtolearn.4.到處扔垃圾 droplittereverywhere5.讓水龍頭流淌 leavethetaprunning6.遵守交通規(guī)則 obeytrafficrules7.排隊(duì)等候輪到你

queue

for

your

turn9.問候人的正確的方式 theproperwaytogreetpeople10.做某事的方法 thewaytodosth.=thewayofdoingsth.11.與某人握手 shakeone’shand=shakehandswithsb.12.用親吻問候人 greetpeoplewithakiss13.在公共場所表現(xiàn)有禮貌(行為得體) behavepolitelyinpublic14.插隊(duì)到別人前面 pushinbeforeothers15.插嘴，打斷別人的講話 cutinonothers16.撞上某人 bumpintosomeone17.和…相撞 crashinto…/crashagainst…18.擋住某人的道 inone’sway19.在許多方面 inmanyways20.在某種程度上 insomeways21.用這種方法 inthisway22.順便問一下 bytheway23.在公共場所保持你的聲音很低 keepyourvoicedowninpublic24.正如諺語所說：入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。 Asthesayinggoes,“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo”.25.偶然、意外地 byaccident26.寫下所有的要點(diǎn) writedownallthemainpoints27.他太忙于和他的朋友談話而沒有看電視。HeistoobusytalkingwithhisfriendtowatchTV.28.公開地、在別人面前 inpublic29.保持我們安全免受危險 keepussafefromdanger30.實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢想 realizehisdream31.演講的目的是教學(xué)生吃飯的規(guī)矩。Thepurposeofthetalkistoteachstudentsrulesforeating.32.張著嘴吃 eatwithyourmouthopen33.越過別人的盤子夾東西 reachoversomeone’splateforsomething34.我們應(yīng)該知道這些規(guī)則以確保主人和客人在桌旁都很舒服。Weshouldknowtheserulestomakesurethatbothguestsandhostsarecomfortableatthetable.34.舉辦一個有關(guān)良好餐桌禮儀的演講 holdatalkongoodtablemanners35.籃球賽將在下周二舉行。 ThebasketballgamewilltakeplacenextTuesday.36.將有很多關(guān)于餐桌禮儀的規(guī)矩 Therewillbealotofrulesontablemanners.37.首要的是 aboveall38.冒著一次性失去一切的風(fēng)險 risklosingeverythingallatonetime39.避免談?wù)撃挲g、體重或金錢 avoidtalkingaboutage,weightormoney40.按照當(dāng)?shù)厝怂龅娜プ? doasthelocalpeopledo易錯題分析易錯題分析語法部分：完成句子我弟弟太小，清楚地表達(dá)自己有點(diǎn)困難。Myyoungerbrotherisso_________________________________________________________.他們要在學(xué)校禮堂舉辦一場有關(guān)良好餐桌禮儀的講座，真是足夠友好。Theyarekind___________________________________________________intheschoolhall.彼得寫字太慢了，在課上沒有寫下所有的要點(diǎn)。Peterwrote_______________________________________________________inclass.【答案】youngthatitisdifficultforhimtoexpresshimselfclearlyenoughtoholdatalkongoodtablemannerssoslowlythathedidn’twrotedownallthemainpoints詞匯句型部分：一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.--What’sthemeaningofsayingontheblackboard?--Youmeanone,“Theearlybirdcatchestheworm”?A.the;theB.a;aC.the;anD.a;the2.Ifyoubumpintosomeoneinthedininghall,youshouldsay“”tohim.A.helloB.sorryC.excusemeD.nevermind3.Weshouldtrytoaccidents.A.riskB.expressC.behaveD.avoid4.Hekeptmeformanyhours.A.towaitB.waitC.waitedD.waiting5.Pleasetellhimhere.A.don’tsmokeB.nosmokeC.nottosmokeD.notsmoke6.There’sa(n)thatbehindeverysuccessfulmanthere’sawoman.A.sayingB.signC.ideaD.picture7.Mylittlebrotheristooyoungdresshimself.A.thathecan’tB.hecanC.unableD.to8.ThemanhandswithmyteacherisJim’sfather.A.isshakingB.shakingC.shookD.wasshaking9.Motherwarnedtheelectriclamp.A.nottotouchB.himnottotouchC.himnottouchingD.himnottouch10.---IfIworkhardatmylessonsfromnowon,canIdowellinthem?---Sure..A.Allriversrunintothesea.B.EverydayisnotSunday.C.Betterlatethannever.D.Practicemakesperfect.【答案】ABDDCADBBC二、動詞填空1.I'mthinkingof_______(join)thewritingcompetition.2.It'salittledifficultforus-_______(achieve)ourdreamrightnow,butweshouldnevergiveup.3.-Didyounoticeanybodyenterthebuildingjustnow?-Sorry,I_______(cut)downthetreeinthegarden.4.-_______you_______(finish)yourhomework?-Notyet.I_______(finish)itintwohours.5.Haveyo